Ash-containing piston type aero-engine lubricating oil composition and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an ash-containing piston type aero-engine lubricating oil composition, which contains: A, at least two metal detergents; b, at least one ashless dispersant; c, at least three anti-oxidation, anti-corrosion and anti-wear agents; d, an ash-free anti-wear agent; e, a viscosity index improver; f, a pour point depressant; g, at least one anti-foaming agent; and H, at least two base oils. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the lubricating oil composition, which comprises the following steps: adding the base oil into a blending kettle, heating and stirring, adding the anti-foaming agent and stirring, and then adding the pour point depressant, the viscosity index improver, the anti-oxidation, anti-corrosion and anti-wear agent, the metal detergent, the ashless dispersant and the ashless anti-wear agent and stirring. The composition disclosed by the invention has excellent high-temperature detergency, high-temperature oxidation resistance and low-temperature wear resistance, not only meets API SP and JASOMA standards, but also meets the oil demand of a four-stroke piston type aero-engine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of lubricating oil additives, and in particular relates to an ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition, and also relates to a preparation method of the lubricating oil composition. Background Art

[0002] General aircraft include business aircraft, agricultural aircraft, forestry aircraft, light multi-purpose aircraft, patrol and rescue aircraft, sports aircraft and private aircraft. Aircraft engines are usually divided into two types: piston and jet. 80% of general aircraft are equipped with four-stroke piston aircraft engines. Piston engines have the advantages of low fuel consumption, simple structure, mature technology, low price, low maintenance cost and long life, and they occupy a dominant position in terms of both quantity and annual flight time.

[0003] Ash-containing four-stroke piston aircraft engine lubricant uses PAO as base oil and has excellent viscosity-temperature performance, low temperature performance, high temperature oxidation resistance and extreme pressure performance. It mainly meets the lubrication needs of light sports aircraft piston engines. This type of aviation piston engine was originally designed as a four-stroke piston engine for automobiles, including different types such as carburetors, fuel injection and turbocharging.

[0004] At present, domestic piston aviation engine oil is mainly imported products, suitable for the lubrication of Lycoming or Continental piston aviation engines, mainly meeting the requirements of SAEJ1899 or SAEJ1966 specifications, requiring the product ash content to be no more than 0.011%, and is an ash-free lubricant. Ash-containing piston aviation engine oil is mainly suitable for the lubrication of piston aviation engines transformed from original piston engines, mainly for light sports aviation piston engines designed and developed by ROTAX, such as ROTAX912 and ROTAX914 series engines. Since the prototype of this type of engine is a piston aviation engine designed for automobiles, it cannot be lubricated with traditional ash-free piston aviation engine lubricants. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition, which has excellent high-temperature detergency, high-temperature oxidation resistance and low-temperature wear resistance.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that the ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition contains:

[0008] A. At least two metal detergents, containing 2.5-4.5% of component A;

[0009] B, at least one ashless dispersant, containing 2.0-5.0% of component B;

[0010] C. At least three kinds of antioxidants, anti-corrosion and anti-wear agents, containing 3.0-5.0% of component C;

[0011] D. Ashless antiwear agent, containing 0.1-1.0% of component D;

[0012] E, viscosity index improver, containing 5.0-15.0% of component E;

[0013] F, pour point depressant, containing 0.2-0.5% of component F;

[0014] G, at least one antifoaming agent, containing 0.001-0.010% of component G;

[0015] H. At least two base oils, containing 70.0-90.0% of H component.

[0016] The present invention is also characterized in that:

[0017] The metal detergent is any two or more of low-base alkyl salicylate, medium-base alkyl salicylate and high-base alkyl salicylate.

[0018] The ashless dispersant is any one or more of high molecular weight succinimide, polyisobutylene monosuccinimide, polyisobutylene bissuccinimide, and boronated polybutylene succinimide.

[0019] The antioxidant, anti-corrosion and anti-wear agent is any three, four or five of butyl octyl zinc dithiophosphate, dioctyl zinc dithiophosphate, isopropyl isooctyl zinc dithiophosphate, diphenylamine ashless antioxidant, ester ashless antioxidant and naphthylamine ashless antioxidant.

[0020] The ashless anti-wear agent is TCP tricresyl phosphate; the viscosity index improver is a non-dispersed ethylene propylene copolymer.

[0021] The pour point depressant is an alkyl naphthalene type or poly-alpha olefin; the antifoaming agent is any one or more of dimethyl silicone oil, alkyl acrylic acid copolymer, and alkyl polyamide.

[0022] The base oil is a composition of two or more high viscosity index PAO synthetic hydrocarbon base oils whose performance meets the requirements of API IV base oil standards.

[0023] Another technical solution adopted by the present invention is a method for preparing an ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition, which specifically comprises: adding a base oil into a blending kettle, heating to 60-80°C and stirring for 2 hours, adding an anti-foaming agent and continuing to stir for 2 hours, then adding a pour point depressant and a viscosity index improver and continuing to stir for 2 hours, adding an antioxidant, an anti-corrosion and an anti-wear agent and continuing to stir for 2 hours at 60-80°C, then adding a metal detergent, an ash-free dispersant and an ash-free anti-wear agent in sequence and continuing to stir for 2 hours at 60-80°C, to obtain an ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: using high-temperature antioxidants, ashless antiwear agents and salicylate series metal detergents, breaking the cleaning, antioxidant and antiwear system of traditional lubricating oils, strengthening extreme pressure performance while giving the composition excellent high-temperature detergency, high-temperature antioxidant and low-temperature antiwear and other properties, not only meeting API SP and JASOMA standards, but also meeting the oil requirements of four-stroke piston aircraft engines. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation modes.

[0026] The ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises:

[0027] A, at least two metal detergents, containing 2.5-4.5% of component A, preferably 3.0-4.0%;

[0028] The metal detergent is any two or more of low-base alkyl salicylate, medium-base alkyl salicylate, and high-base alkyl salicylate; the alkyl salicylate is calcium alkyl salicylate, magnesium alkyl salicylate, or magnesium sulfonate;

[0029] In order to make the lubricating oil composition have excellent high-temperature antioxidant properties and low-temperature anti-wear properties, as well as good extreme pressure properties, a systematic and comprehensive investigation of various additives was carried out. It was found that by optimizing the compounding ratio of detergents with different base values ​​and different metal ions, the synergistic effect of the independent technology alkyl salicylate detergent and ashless anti-wear agent was discovered. Under the conditions of lower S, P and ash content, the oil showed excellent anti-wear properties.

[0030] B, at least one ashless dispersant, containing 2.0-5.0% of component B, preferably 3.0-4.0%;

[0031] The ashless dispersant is any one or more of high molecular weight succinimide, polyisobutylene monosuccinimide, polyisobutylene bissuccinimide, and boronated polybutylene succinimide.

[0032] C, at least three antioxidants, anti-corrosion and anti-wear agents, containing 3.0-5.0% of component C, preferably 3.5-4.5%;

[0033] The antioxidant, anti-corrosion and anti-wear agent is any three, four or five of butyl octyl zinc dithiophosphate, dioctyl zinc dithiophosphate, isopropyl isooctyl zinc dithiophosphate, diphenylamine ashless antioxidant, ester ashless antioxidant and naphthylamine ashless antioxidant.

[0034] Compared with traditional phenolic ashless antioxidants, amine or naphthylamine ashless antioxidants show excellent high-temperature antioxidant performance. The use of amine or naphthylamine high-temperature antioxidants and traditional ZDDP antioxidants and anti-corrosion agents effectively solves the problem of controlling the viscosity growth of oil products under high-temperature oxidation conditions; it achieves a good performance balance with the detergent system and dispersant system in the composition, solves the contradiction between the polarity of different types of additive molecules, and effectively balances the performance effects between high-temperature detergency, low-temperature dispersibility and high-temperature antioxidant properties.

[0035] D, ashless antiwear agent, containing 0.1-1.0% of component D, preferably 0.5-1.0%; the ashless antiwear agent is TCP tricresyl phosphate;

[0036] E, a viscosity index improver, containing 5.0-15.0% of component E, preferably 8.0-13.0%; the viscosity index improver is a non-dispersed ethylene propylene copolymer;

[0037] F, pour point depressant, containing 0.2-0.5% of F component, preferably 0.2-0.4%; the pour point depressant is alkyl naphthalene type or poly alpha olefin.

[0038] G, at least one antifoaming agent, containing 0.001-0.010% of component G, preferably 0.003-0.005%; the antifoaming agent is any one or more of dimethyl silicone oil, alkyl acrylic acid copolymer, and alkyl polyamide;

[0039] H, at least two base oils, containing 70.0-90.0% of H component, preferably 75.0-85.0%;

[0040] The base oil is a composition of two or more high viscosity index PAO synthetic hydrocarbon base oils whose performance meets the requirements of API IV base oil standards.

[0041] The present invention studies the mechanism and compatibility of additives, and studies the compounding rules of various types of ashless dispersants, antioxidants, ashless antiwear agents and other additive components in the lubricating oil composition. For the first time, naphthylamine or aniline high-temperature antioxidants, ashless antiwear agents and ashless dispersants are used to break the traditional lubricating oil anti-oxidation, anti-corrosion and anti-wear systems, and while strengthening the anti-wear performance, the invention is endowed with excellent high-temperature detergency, high-temperature oxidation resistance, sediment dispersibility and other properties, which not only meets the APISP and JASOMA standards, but also meets the lubrication requirements of ROTAX912 and ROTAX914 series engines.

[0042] The ash-containing piston aircraft engine oil of the present invention can be used not only for lubrication of piston aircraft engines, but also for lubrication of integrated gearboxes and clutch systems. It has good solubility and dispersibility for sediments generated by fuels such as unleaded gasoline and leaded gasoline; and has better high-temperature detergency and anti-wear performance, which can help extend the service life of the engine.

[0043] The preparation method of the ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition of the present invention is specifically as follows:

[0044] The base oil is added into a stainless steel blending kettle with a stirrer, the temperature is raised to 60-80°C and stirred for 2 hours, then an anti-foaming agent is added and stirring is continued for 2 hours, a pour point depressant and a viscosity index improver are added and stirring is continued for 2 hours, an antioxidant, an anti-corrosion and an anti-wear agent is added and stirring is continued for 2 hours at 60-80°C, then a metal detergent, an ash-free dispersant and an ash-free anti-wear agent are added in sequence and stirring is continued for 2 hours at 60-80°C to obtain an ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition.

[0045] The ash-containing four-stroke piston aircraft engine lubricating oil product of the present invention uses 100% PAO base oil, has a viscosity grade of 0W-40, and an operating temperature of -40°C to +40°C. It is mainly suitable for lubricating four-stroke piston engines originally designed for automobiles, including different types of piston engines such as carburetors, fuel injection and turbochargers.

[0046] Through a variety of simulation test methods, different types of additives and additives of the same type with different compositions were systematically screened and optimized. For example, the oil with amine antioxidants showed good viscosity growth control ability in the 168h long-term oxidation test, but showed certain metal corrosion; the addition of amine antioxidants and phenolic antioxidants not only showed good viscosity growth control ability, but also had no corrosion to metal. The final composition was determined through seven bench tests, including the program IIIH high-temperature oxidation test, the program IVB valve system wear test, the program VG low-temperature sludge test, the VIE / VIF energy-saving test, the program VIII bearing corrosion test, the program IX (LSPI) low-speed pre-ignition test and the program X timing chain wear test. The base oil used in the lubricating oil composition is PAO base oil, which is easy to cause rubber swelling. After the rubber compatibility test, the lubricating oil composition has good rubber compatibility.

[0047] The lubricating oil composition prepared by the present invention has a sulfur content of not less than 0.35% (mass), a phosphorus content of not less than 0.15% (mass), and a calcium content of not less than 0.25% (mass), and has excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance, fuel economy, low-temperature wear resistance and extreme pressure performance. The lubricating oil composition of the present invention meets the requirements of the SP standard, including seven bench tests and rubber compatibility tests, including the program IIIH high-temperature oxidation test, the program IVB valve system wear test, the program VG low-temperature sludge test, the VIE / VIF energy-saving test, the program VIII bearing corrosion test, the program IX (LSPI) low-speed pre-ignition test, and the program X timing chain wear test.

[0048] In order to screen the base oil and additive components, the present invention adopts simulation test methods such as hot pipe oxidation, coking test, PDSC (induction period) and HTCBT long-cycle oxidation test to evaluate the high-temperature detergency and dispersibility and high-temperature oxidation stability of the oil. The extreme pressure performance and anti-wear performance of the oil are evaluated by using the PB value of the maximum no-seizure load of the extreme pressure four-ball, the SRV load-bearing capacity and the 392N wear spot diameter. The simulation test conditions are as follows: the hot pipe oxidation test temperature is set at 280°C; the PDSC oxidation induction period is set at 210°C; the coking test plate temperature is set at 320°C, and the oil temperature is set at 150°C; the HTCBT oxidation test temperature is set at 175°C, and the time is set at 168h.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] Taking the production of 100 kg of the product of the present invention as an example, the raw materials and their mass ratios are as follows:

[0051]

[0052] Example 2

[0053] Taking the production of 100 kg of the product of the present invention as an example, the raw materials and their mass ratios are as follows:

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Example 3

[0057] Taking the production of 100 kg of the product of the present invention as an example, the raw materials and their mass ratios are as follows:

[0058] The dibutyl octyl diphenylamine ashless antioxidant in the above Example 1 is replaced by diisooctyl diphenylamine of the same mass, and the other components are of the same mass.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] Taking the production of 100 kg of the product of the present invention as an example, the raw materials and their mass ratios are as follows:

[0061] The dibutyl octyl diphenylamine ashless antioxidant in the above Example 1 is replaced with an ester ashless antioxidant of the same mass, and the other components are of the same mass.

[0062] Example 5

[0063] In the above Example 2, the magnesium alkyl salicylate with a base value of 350-400 is replaced by magnesium sulfonate with a base value of 350-400 of the same mass, and the other components are of the same mass.

[0064] Example 6

[0065] In the above Example 2, the monosuccinimide was replaced with the same mass of boronated polybutylene succinimide, and the other components were of the same mass.

[0066] In order to verify the effect of the present invention, the engine lubricating oil composition prepared in the embodiment was used to carry out laboratory simulation performance evaluation and engine bench test, and the test results are as follows:

[0067] 1. Laboratory simulation evaluation of the antioxidant performance of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention

[0068] Table 1 Antioxidation simulation test data of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention

[0069]

[0070] As shown in Table 1, the lubricating oil of the present invention has good test data in the hot pipe test rating, PDSC oxidation induction time and coke plate, showing good high temperature antioxidant performance. In the 168h HTCBT long-cycle oxidation test, the viscosity growth at 40°C is small, showing good viscosity growth control ability.

[0071] 2. Laboratory simulation evaluation of extreme pressure and anti-wear performance of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention

[0072] Table 2 High temperature detergency simulation test data of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention

[0073] Analyze Project Example 1 Example 2 Example 5 Example 6 Maximum no-seizure load of extreme pressure four-ball PB, N 1236 1295 1187 1187 SRV carrying capacity, N 1107 1107 1107 1107 392N wear spot diameter, mm 0.5 0.4 0.52 0.52

[0074] As can be seen from Table 2, the lubricating oil of the present invention exhibits good extreme pressure resistance and anti-wear performance.

[0075] 3. Rubber compatibility test data of the lubricating oil composition of Example 2 of the present invention.

[0076] Table 3 Rubber compatibility test of lubricating oil composition of Example 2 of the present invention

[0077]

[0078] It can be seen from the data in Table 3 that the lubricating oil composition of Example 2 of the present invention passes the rubber compatibility test required by the SP quality index.

Claims

1. An ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition, characterized in that: It contains: A. At least two metal detergents, containing 2.5-4.5% of component A; B, at least one ashless dispersant, containing 2.0-5.0% of component B; C. At least three kinds of antioxidants, anti-corrosion and anti-wear agents, containing 3.0-5.0% of component C; D. Ashless antiwear agent, containing 0.1-1.0% of component D; E, viscosity index improver, containing 5.0-15.0% of component E; F, pour point depressant, containing 0.2-0.5% of component F; G, at least one antifoaming agent, containing 0.001-0.010% of component G; H. At least two base oils, containing 70.0-90.0% of H component.

2. The ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal detergent is any two or more of low-base alkyl salicylate, medium-base alkyl salicylate, and high-base alkyl salicylate.

3. The ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ashless dispersant is any one or more of high molecular weight succinimide, polyisobutylene monosuccinimide, polyisobutylene bissuccinimide, and boronated polybutylene succinimide.

4. The ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antioxidant, anti-corrosion and anti-wear agent is any three, four or five of butyl octyl zinc dithiophosphate, dioctyl zinc dithiophosphate, isopropyl isooctyl zinc dithiophosphate, diphenylamine ashless antioxidant, ester ashless antioxidant and naphthylamine ashless antioxidant.

5. The ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ashless anti-wear agent is TCP tricresyl phosphate; the viscosity index improver is a non-dispersed ethylene-propylene copolymer.

6. The ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pour point depressant is an alkyl naphthalene type or poly-alpha olefin; the antifoaming agent is any one or more of dimethyl silicone oil, alkyl acrylic acid copolymer, and alkyl polyamide.

7. The ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base oil is a composition of two or more high viscosity index PAO synthetic hydrocarbon base oils whose performance meets the requirements of API IV base oil standards.

8. The method for preparing the ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Specifically, the base oil is added into the blending kettle, the temperature is raised to 60-80°C and stirred for 2 hours, then the anti-foaming agent is added and the stirring is continued for 2 hours, then the pour point depressant and the viscosity index improver are added and the stirring is continued for 2 hours, then the antioxidant, anti-corrosion and anti-wear agent is added and the stirring is continued at 60-80°C for 2 hours, then the metal detergent, ash-free dispersant and ash-free anti-wear agent are added in sequence and the stirring is continued at 60-80°C for 2 hours, and the ash-containing piston aircraft engine lubricating oil composition can be obtained.

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