Device for detecting faults of electric spindle bearing of numerical control machine tool

Abstract

The invention discloses a numerical control machine tool electric spindle bearing fault detection method and device, the main device comprises a first half ring and a second half ring, the outer surface of the first half ring is provided with a semi-annular adjusting groove, the interior of the semi-annular adjusting groove is movably connected with an outer box through a clamping assembly, and the top of the outer box is fixedly connected with a vibration sensor; electromagnets are arranged on the two sides of the inner wall of the outer box, magnetic materials are arranged on the two sides of the inner wall of the semicircular adjusting groove, a button used for controlling the electromagnets to be powered on is further arranged in the outer box, and adsorption locking between the electromagnets and the magnetic materials is controlled through the structural relation between the outer box and the clamping assembly and the structural relation between the clamping assembly and the button. The position of the vibration sensor can be adjusted, the vibration sensor can be conveniently moved to the position with the best signal intensity, and the overall collection quality of the device is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a bearing detection technology, and in particular to a device for detecting bearing faults of an electric spindle of a numerically controlled machine tool. Background Art

[0002] CNC machine tools play an extremely important role in modern manufacturing, and the electric spindle is one of its core components. The normal operation of its bearings is crucial to ensure machining accuracy and machine tool stability. During long-term high-speed operation, the electric spindle bearings are easily affected by various factors and fail, such as fatigue wear, poor lubrication, overload, etc. Therefore, it is of great significance to detect the electric spindle bearing failure in a timely and accurate manner.

[0003] When performing fault detection on the electric spindle bearings of CNC machine tools, the existing detection devices generally use adhesives or welding to directly connect the sensor to the bearing seat or the outer ring of the bearing, thereby ensuring a stable connection between the sensor and the bearing. However, since the intensity of the bearing vibration signal varies at different positions, it is necessary to adjust the sensor to find the position with the best signal strength so that the sensor can collect a stronger effective signal. After welding, it is difficult to remove the sensor from the bearing, which affects the overall data collection quality of the device. After the sensor is removed, it will cause a certain degree of damage to its body and the bearing. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a device for detecting faults of electric spindle bearings of CNC machine tools, which can flexibly adjust the sensor to a position with optimal signal strength, so that the sensor can collect stronger effective signals and obtain more accurate fault detection results.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A device for detecting faults of an electric spindle bearing of a numerically controlled machine tool comprises a first half ring and a second half ring, wherein one end of the first half ring is hinged to the second half ring, and the other end is detachably connected via a bolt assembly, a semi-annular adjustment groove is provided on the outer surface of the first half ring, an outer box is movably connected to the interior of the semi-annular adjustment groove via a clamping assembly, a vibration sensor is fixedly connected to the top of the outer box, and a reinforcement assembly for enhancing the fixed connection effect with the bearing is movably connected to the interior of the second half ring;

[0007] The clamping assembly includes a pressing limit frame, a tooth block and a tooth plate, the tooth plate is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the semi-annular adjustment groove, and a guide inclined groove is opened on the surface of the pressing limit frame to enable the tooth block to move up and down and separate or engage with the tooth plate, a first round rod is movably connected in the guide inclined groove, and the other end of the first round rod is fixedly connected to the tooth block, the pressing limit frame is movably connected to one end in the outer box, and one end of the outer box is opened to facilitate providing pressure to the pressing limit frame to move the pressing limit frame toward the other end in the outer box, and the pressing limit frame is elastically connected to the other end of the outer box;

[0008] Electromagnets are arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the outer box, magnetic materials for adsorbing and locking the electromagnets are arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the semi-annular adjustment groove, and a button for controlling the power supply of the electromagnets is also arranged in the outer box. When the pressing limit frame has no pressure, the button just abuts against the pressing limit frame to energize the electromagnet.

[0009] Preferably, a bayonet for limiting the translation of the tooth block is provided at the bottom of the outer box, and the tooth block is slidably connected to the bayonet at the bottom of the outer box.

[0010] Preferably, one end of the pressing and limiting frame away from the opening of the outer box is fixedly connected with a spring sheet, and the other end of the spring sheet is elastically connected to the outer box.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer surface of the pressing limit frame is provided with a plurality of anti-slip grooves for increasing the friction between the pressing limit frame and the hand when pressing.

[0012] Preferably, semi-annular limiting grooves are arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the semi-annular adjustment groove, and sliding blocks movably connected to the semi-annular limiting grooves are arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the outer box.

[0013] Preferably, the reinforcement component includes a turntable and an arc plate, the turntable is a semicircular groove body with openings at both ends and can rotate circumferentially along the second semi-ring, the arc plate is arranged inside the turntable groove body, and the side wall of the turntable is evenly provided with second arc grooves that guide the arc plate, the interior of the second arc groove is movably connected with a second round rod, the other end of the second round rod is fixedly connected to the arc plate, and the end face of the second semi-ring is provided with a clamping groove for limiting the circumferential movement of the arc plate, when the turntable rotates circumferentially along the second semi-ring, the arc plate moves along the center direction of the second semi-ring to abut or separate from the bearing, and a first arc groove is provided at the bottom of the turntable, and the first arc groove is movably connected with a driving component for controlling the circumferential rotation of the turntable.

[0014] Furthermore, the driving assembly includes a square groove, a square block and a threaded rod. The square groove is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the second half ring. The square block is connected to the square groove and can slide axially along the second half ring. A connecting column is arranged on the top of the square block. The connecting column passes through the square groove and is movably engaged with the first arc groove. One end of the threaded rod is movably engaged with the inside of the square block, and the other end of the threaded rod passes through the square groove and is threadedly connected with the square groove. When the threaded rod is rotated to drive the square block to move in the square groove, the connecting column moves along the trajectory of the first arc groove, driving the turntable to rotate circumferentially.

[0015] Furthermore, a gasket is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the arc-shaped plate.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) In the first half ring of the present invention, the outer box, the clamping assembly, the electromagnet and the magnetic material cooperate with each other. By pressing the pressing limit frame in the clamping assembly, the tooth block is driven to move upward along the inclined groove to release the engagement with the tooth plate. At the same time, the pressing limit frame originally abutting against the button releases the pressing of the button, so that the circuit in the outer box is disconnected, and the electromagnet stops running without power, that is, the adsorption lock between the electromagnet and the magnetic material is disconnected. Then, the position of the vibration sensor can be adjusted by moving the outer box, so that the vibration sensor can be moved to the position with the best signal strength, thereby improving the overall acquisition quality of the device.

[0018] (2) A fixing assembly is provided inside the second half ring of the present invention, and the fixing effect of the whole device is improved by the mutual cooperation of the various components in the fixing assembly. The threaded rod is rotated to drive the square block to move toward the side of the second half ring away from the threaded rod, so that the top connecting column of the square block moves along the trajectory of the first arc groove, and relatively drives the turntable to rotate circumferentially. When the turntable rotates, the second round rod moves along the trajectory of the second arc groove, driving the arc plate to move toward the outside of the inner wall of the second half ring and squeeze the bearing, and the gasket on the surface of the arc plate increases the friction and resistance between the device and the outer wall of the bearing, thereby improving the fixing effect of the whole device and preventing the device from shaking on the outer ring of the bearing and affecting the collection of information. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the front cross-section structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the side section structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a disassembled diagram of the outer box and the clamping assembly of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structural relationship of the reinforcement components of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure: 1. first half ring; 2. second half ring; 3. outer box; 4. snap-on assembly; 41. press limit frame; 42. guide inclined groove; 43. first round rod; 44. tooth block; 45. spring piece; 46. tooth plate; 5. electromagnet; 6. button; 7. magnetic material; 8. reinforcement assembly; 81. turntable; 82. first arc groove; 83. second arc groove; 84. arc plate; 85. gasket; 86. second round rod; 87. square block; 88. threaded rod; 9. vibration sensor; 10. bolt assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the present invention provides a device for detecting faults of electric spindle bearings of CNC machine tools, comprising a first half ring 1 and a second half ring 2, wherein one end of the first half ring 1 and the second half ring 2 are hinged, and the other end is connected by a bolt assembly 10 to form a closed circular ring, and a semi-annular adjustment groove is provided on the outer surface of the first half ring 1, and an outer box 3 is movably connected to the interior of the semi-annular adjustment groove through a clamping assembly 4, a vibration sensor 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the outer box 3, and a reinforcement assembly 8 is movably connected to the interior of the second half ring 2, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the clamping assembly 4 includes a pressing limit frame 41, a tooth block 44 and a tooth plate 46. The pressing limit frame 41 is movably connected to one end of the opening in the outer box 3, and the pressing limit frame 41 is composed of a movable plate, a connecting plate and a transmission block. A plurality of anti-slip grooves are arranged on the outer side of the movable plate to increase the friction between the operator's hand and the movable plate, so that the operator can press the movable plate conveniently. The transmission block and the connecting plate are both installed on the inner side of the movable plate. A guide inclined groove 42 is arranged on the surface of the connecting plate. One end of the guide inclined groove 42 close to the movable plate is higher than the other end. A first round rod 43 is movably connected in the guide inclined groove 42. The other end of the first round rod 43 is connected to the tooth block 44. The tooth block 44 passes through the bayonet at the bottom of the outer box 3 and is slidably connected to the bayonet. The tooth plate 46 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the semi-annular adjustment groove. In the initial state, the tooth plate 46 is meshed with the tooth block 44, and both sides of the inner wall of the semi-annular adjustment groove are provided with magnetic material 7 and semi-annular limiting grooves as shown in FIG. Figure 2As shown, both sides of the inner wall of the outer box 3 are provided with electromagnets 5 for adsorbing and locking the magnetic material 7. Figure 5 As shown, both sides of the outer wall of the outer box 3 are provided with sliders movable in the semi-annular limit grooves, which can accurately limit the sliding position and direction of the outer box 3 to prevent the vibration sensor 9 from being offset and falling off when the outer box 3 drives the vibration sensor 9 to slide, and a button 6 for controlling the power supply of the electromagnet 5 is also provided in the outer box 3. In the initial state, the button 6 abuts against the transmission block to energize the electromagnet 5.

[0029] In the initial state, the first round rod 43 is located at the lowest point of the guiding inclined groove 42, and the tooth block 44 passes through the bottom of the outer box 3 and is meshed with the tooth plate 46. By pressing the movable plate, the connecting plate moves toward the inside of the outer box 3. Since the tooth block 44 is restricted by the bayonet, the tooth block 44 cannot move in parallel. Therefore, the first round rod 43 movably connected to the connecting plate drives the tooth block 44 to move upward along the trajectory of the guiding inclined groove 42. At this time, the tooth block 44 is released from the tooth plate 46, and the transmission block also moves toward the inside of the outer box 3, releasing the pressing of the button 6, so that the circuit inside the outer box 3 is disconnected, and the electromagnet 5 stops running when it is not energized, releasing the locking adsorption with the magnetic material 7 on the inner wall of the semi-annular adjustment groove. Subsequently, the position of the vibration sensor 9 can be adjusted by moving the position of the outer box 3, so that the vibration sensor 9 can be moved to the position with the best signal strength, thereby improving the overall acquisition quality of the device.

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, a spring sheet 45 is fixedly connected to one side of the connecting plate away from the movable plate, and the other end of the spring sheet 45 is elastically connected to the outer box 3. When the operator moves the outer box 3 to a suitable position, he only needs to let go, and the connecting plate can drive the movable plate and the transmission block to return to their initial positions under the action of elasticity, so that the first round rod 43 drives the tooth block 44 to move down along the trajectory of the guide inclined groove 42 and engage with the tooth plate 46, and the movable block abuts against the button 6 again, and the electromagnet 5 is energized to be adsorbed and locked with the magnetic material 7, thereby further fixing the position of the outer box 3 and the vibration sensor 9.

[0031] like Figure 7 As shown, the reinforcement component 8 includes a turntable 81, which is a semicircular groove body with openings at both ends and can rotate circumferentially along the second semi-ring 2. The bottom wall of the turntable 81 is provided with a first arc groove 82, and the side wall of the turntable 81 is provided with three second arc grooves 83. The second arc groove 83 is movably connected with a second round rod 86 inside, and one end of the second round rod 86 is fixedly connected with an arc plate 84. The arc plate 84 is located inside the turntable 81, and a gasket 85 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the arc plate 84. The gasket 85 is made of rubber material. The inner wall surface of the second semi-ring 2 is provided with a card groove for circumferentially limiting the arc plate 84, and a connecting column is movably connected in the first arc groove 82, and a square block 87 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting column, and as shown Figure 4As shown, a square groove for limiting the square block 87 is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the second half ring 2, and a threaded rod 88 is threadedly connected to one side of the square groove. One end of the threaded rod 88 is movably clamped inside the square block 87, and the square block is driven to move axially in the square groove along the second half ring 2 by rotating the threaded rod 88.

[0032] When the first half ring 1 and the second half ring 2 are fixed to the outer ring of the bearing by the bolt assembly 10, in the initial state, the square block 87 is located on the side of the square groove close to the threaded rod 88, and the threaded rod 88 can be rotated to drive the square block 87 to move to the side of the bottom of the second half ring 2 away from the threaded rod 88, so that the connecting column at the top of the square block 87 moves along the trajectory of the first arc groove 82. Since the square block 87 makes a linear motion along the axial direction of the second half ring in the square groove, the turntable 81 will rotate circumferentially in the case of relative motion. At the same time as the turntable 81 rotates circumferentially, due to the action of the slot opened on the inner wall surface of the second half ring 2, the arc plate 84 cannot rotate circumferentially with the turntable 81, so the relative motion In this case, the second round rod 86 will drive the arc plate 84 to move toward the outside of the end of the second half ring 2 along the trajectory of the second arc groove 83, and then drive the gasket 85 to abut against the outer wall of the bearing through the arc plate 84, thereby increasing the resistance and friction between the second half ring 2 and the outer ring of the bearing, so that the device is not easy to loosen or move when subjected to vibration, impact or other external forces, thereby ensuring the stability of the vibration sensor 9. At the same time, the damping characteristics of the rubber material of the gasket 85 can also absorb and attenuate some external interference and vibration, thereby reducing unnecessary vibration transmitted to the vibration sensor 9, so that the vibration sensor 9 can more accurately collect the vibration signal of the bearing itself, thereby improving the signal collection quality.

[0033] A method for detecting a fault in a spindle bearing of a CNC machine tool to which the device of the present invention can be applied comprises the following steps:

[0034] S1: Arrange sensors reasonably at key locations of the electric spindle bearings, and continuously collect the output signals of the sensors through the data acquisition system at the set sampling frequency and time interval to obtain the original data reflecting the operating status of the bearings;

[0035] S2: Filter the collected raw sensor signals to remove clutter components such as high-frequency noise and power supply interference, and then amplify and reduce noise on the signals to enhance the strength and recognizability of useful signals.

[0036] S3: Based on a large amount of experimental data and actual operation data, a fault diagnosis model is established, and the characteristic data collected and processed in real time is input into the established fault diagnosis model. The model is used for calculation and judgment, and the fault diagnosis results of the bearing are output.

[0037] The working principle and use process of the device of the present invention are as follows: the operator fits the inner walls of the first half ring 1 and the second half ring 2 tightly with the outer ring of the bearing, and connects and fixes the first half ring 1 and the second half ring 2 to the outer ring of the bearing through the bolt assembly 10, so that the outer box 3 and the vibration sensor 9 are both set on the outer ring of the bearing, and then rotates the threaded rod 88 to drive the square block 87 to move, and then drives the turntable 81 to rotate circumferentially through the clamping relationship between the connecting column and the first arc groove 82. At the same time, the relative second round rod 86 moves along the direction of the second arc groove 83 to push out the arc plate 84, and drives the gasket 85 to extend out of the second half ring to squeeze the outer wall of the outer ring of the bearing, thereby completing the fixation of the overall position of the device, and then presses the movable plate, the connecting plate and the transmission block to move toward the inside of the outer box 3, so that the first round rod 43 drives the tooth block 44 to move up and with the track of the guide inclined groove 42 The tooth plate 46 is released from the engagement, and at the same time, the transmission block no longer abuts the button 6, the outer box 3 is not energized, the electromagnet 5 does not work, and the locking adsorption with the magnetic material 7 on the inner wall of the semi-annular adjustment groove is released. The position of the outer box 3 is moved according to the actual situation, and the position of the vibration sensor 9 is adjusted. After adjusting to the appropriate position, let go, and the connecting plate will drive the movable plate and the transmission block to return to the initial position under the elastic action of the spring piece 45, so that the first round rod 43 drives the tooth block 44 to move down along the trajectory of the guide inclined groove 42 and engage with the tooth plate 46, and at the same time, the movable block abuts against the button 6 again, and the electromagnet 5 is energized again to work and adsorb and lock with the magnetic material 7, further fixing the position of the outer box 3 and the vibration sensor 9, and then the vibration sensor 9 is used to detect the electric spindle bearing according to the fault detection method, and the detection signal is transmitted to the acquisition system through the shielded cable.

[0038] The above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these inventions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, they can also make several simple deductions or substitutions, which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for detecting bearing faults of electric spindles of CNC machine tools, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first half ring (1) and a second half ring (2), wherein the first half ring (1) is hinged to the second half ring (2) at one end and the other end is detachably connected via a bolt assembly (10), a semi-annular adjustment groove is provided on the outer surface of the first half ring (1), an outer box (3) is movably connected to the interior of the semi-annular adjustment groove via a clamping assembly (4), a vibration sensor (9) is fixedly connected to the top of the outer box (3), and a reinforcement assembly (8) for enhancing the fixed connection effect with the bearing is movably connected to the interior of the second half ring (2); The clamping assembly (4) comprises a pressing limit frame (41), a tooth block (44) and a tooth plate (46); the tooth plate (46) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the semi-circular adjustment groove; a guide inclined groove (42) is provided on the surface of the pressing limit frame (41) so that the tooth block (44) can move up and down to separate or engage with the tooth plate (46); a first round rod (43) is movably connected in the guide inclined groove (42); the other end of the first round rod (43) is fixedly connected to the tooth block (44); the pressing limit frame (41) is movably connected to one end in the outer box (3); and one end of the outer box (3) is open to facilitate providing pressure to the pressing limit frame (41) so that the pressing limit frame (41) moves toward the other end in the outer box (3); the pressing limit frame (41) is elastically connected to the other end of the outer box (3); Electromagnets (5) are arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the outer box (3), magnetic materials (7) for causing the electromagnet (5) to be attracted and locked are arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the semi-annular adjustment groove, and a button (6) for controlling the electromagnet (5) to be energized is also arranged in the outer box (3), and when the pressing limit frame (41) is free of pressure, the button (6) just contacts the pressing limit frame (41) to energize the electromagnet (5).

2. The device for detecting faults of electric spindle bearings of CNC machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the outer box (3) is provided with a bayonet for limiting the translation of the tooth block (44), and the tooth block (44) is slidably connected to the bayonet at the bottom of the outer box (3).

3. The device for detecting faults of electric spindle bearings of CNC machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the pressing limit frame (41) away from the opening of the outer box (3) is fixedly connected to a spring sheet (45), and the other end of the spring sheet (45) is elastically connected to the outer box (3).

4. A device for detecting faults in electric spindle bearings of CNC machine tools according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that: The outer surface of the pressing limit frame (41) is provided with a plurality of anti-slip grooves for increasing the friction between the hand and the pressing frame (41).

5. The device for detecting faults of electric spindle bearings of CNC machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: Semi-annular limiting grooves are arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the semi-annular adjustment groove, and sliding blocks movably connected to the semi-annular limiting grooves are arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the outer box (3).

6. The device for detecting bearing faults of an electric spindle of a CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcing assembly (8) comprises a rotating disk (81) and an arc plate (84); the rotating disk (81) is a semicircular slot body with openings at both ends and can rotate along the circumference of the second semi-ring (2); the arc plate (84) is arranged inside the slot body of the rotating disk (81); the side wall of the rotating disk (81) is evenly provided with second arc grooves (83) for guiding the arc plate (84); the second arc grooves (83) are movably connected inside with a second round rod (86); the other end of the second round rod (86) is One end is fixedly connected to the arc plate (84), and the end surface of the second half ring (2) is provided with a groove for limiting the circumferential movement of the arc plate (84). When the turntable (81) rotates circumferentially along the second half ring (2), the arc plate (84) moves along the center direction of the second half ring (2) to abut against or separate from the bearing, and a first arc groove (82) is provided at the bottom of the turntable (81). The first arc groove (82) is movably connected to a driving component for controlling the circumferential rotation of the turntable (81).

7. The device for detecting faults of electric spindle bearings of CNC machine tools according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises a square groove, a square block (87) and a threaded rod (88). The square groove is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the second half ring (2). The square block (87) is connected to the square groove and can slide axially along the second half ring (2). A connecting column is arranged on the top of the square block (87). The connecting column passes through the square groove and is movably engaged with the first arc groove (82). One end of the threaded rod (88) is movably engaged with the inside of the square block (87), and the other end of the threaded rod (88) passes through the square groove and is threadedly connected with the square groove. When the threaded rod (88) is rotated to drive the square block (87) to move in the square groove, the connecting column moves along the trajectory of the first arc groove (82) to drive the rotating disk (81) to rotate in the circumferential direction.

8. The device for detecting faults of electric spindle bearings of CNC machine tools according to claim 6, characterized in that: A gasket (85) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the arc-shaped plate (84).

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