Thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device and method based on electric arc heating

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device and method based on electric arc heating, and belongs to the field of aircraft ground aerodynamic thermal test research, and the device comprises an electric arc heater, a mixing chamber, a spray pipe, a model assembly, an antenna assembly, a focus lens assembly and a processor, receiving the cold-state gas medium, mixing the cold-state gas medium with the test medium flowing into the arc heater, and adjusting incoming flow parameters and uniformity of the test medium; the spray pipe is communicated with an inner cavity of the mixing chamber and receives supersonic airflow generated after the test medium flowing into the mixing chamber is expanded and accelerated; the model assembly comprises a guide pipe and a model connected with the wall face of the guide pipe, the guide pipe and the model form a cavity structure, and supersonic airflow flowing into the spray pipe heats the model. The processor receives the reflection signal and the transmission signal and calculates a transmittance change value and a dielectric constant of the model in a high-temperature state; the test requirements on the high-temperature microwave performance and the dielectric performance of the wave-transparent material under the ablation condition are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a special test method for simulating aircraft ground tests, and in particular to a thermal-electrical performance simulation and measurement device and method based on electric arc heating, belonging to the field of aircraft ground aerodynamic thermal test research. Background Art

[0002] During high-speed flight, the radome is subjected to strong air compression and intense friction, and is heated to a high temperature state. The wave-transmitting performance of the radome's wave-transmitting material will change significantly under high temperature conditions. In order to meet the performance requirements of spacecraft, the aircraft is flying at low altitude and high speed, facing a high enthalpy, high heat flow, and high dynamic pressure aerodynamic environment. The windward surface of the radome will quickly heat up, ablate, and even melt or vaporize, and the surface temperature will exceed 2000℃. Therefore, the study of the wave-transmitting performance of the radome under high temperature has always been one of the important problems in the development of aircraft. At present, the research on high-temperature wave-transparent materials of antenna covers at home and abroad is divided into two categories: static heating and dynamic heating. Static heating relies on heating methods such as quartz lamps, oxyacetylene or solar furnaces, but this method lacks simulation of the dynamic aerodynamic heating environment of the aircraft, and cannot truly reflect the surface state of the aircraft during flight. In addition, the material surface temperature that can be achieved by this method is limited and it is difficult to exceed 2000°C. The second category is to use arc wind tunnels to simulate the dynamic conditions of aircraft re-entry aerodynamic heating, conduct ablation tests, and at the same time conduct research on the dynamic microwave performance of high-temperature antenna covers. However, due to the limitations of equipment simulation capabilities and the inability of the wind tunnel site to meet darkroom conditions, the measurement accuracy of the material's wave-transparent performance cannot be guaranteed. At present, with the improvement of simulation and measurement capabilities, research on the wave transmission performance of materials based on arc heating has been carried out. The patent (ZL201920772523.6) provides a method for implementing ablation-wave transmission tests in arc wind tunnels, but can only provide results for a single frequency point; the patent (CN202310784597.2) provides a high-temperature broadband wave transmission rate test and measurement device for wave-transmitting materials based on arc wind tunnel heating, which mainly realizes the simulation of high enthalpy and low dynamic pressure at high flight altitudes, and can achieve a wide-band range of high-temperature transmittance measurement, but the material surface temperature can only reach about 2000℃, and it is impossible to achieve online measurement of high-temperature dielectric constant. In order to meet the research on the wave transmission performance of materials under conditions of low aircraft altitude and high dynamic pressure, and to achieve the measurement of the wave transmission rate change and dielectric constant of wave-transmitting materials at high temperatures. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technology of the present invention solves the problem: it provides a thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device and method based on electric arc heating, uses a low-ablation electric arc heater to provide the simulation capability of pure airflow under aerodynamic heating conditions of wave-transmitting materials, and uses a microwave measurement system to realize real-time measurement of high-temperature wave-transmitting performance of wave-transmitting materials under dynamic heating conditions, thereby meeting the test and testing requirements of high-temperature microwave performance and dielectric properties of wave-transmitting materials under ablation conditions.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating, comprising:

[0006] The arc heater heats the incoming test medium by striking an arc and breaking down between the anode and cathode of the arc heater to establish an arc channel;

[0007] The mixing chamber has an internal cavity connected to the arc channel of the arc heater, receives the cold gas medium introduced from the outside, mixes it with the test medium flowing into the arc heater, and adjusts the incoming flow parameters and uniformity of the test medium;

[0008] The nozzle is connected to the inner cavity of the mixing chamber, and receives the test medium flowing into the mixing chamber, expands and accelerates the test medium to generate a supersonic airflow;

[0009] The model assembly includes a conduit and a model, wherein the wall surface of the model is connected with the wall surface of the conduit to form a cavity structure, and the cavity structure is connected with the nozzle; the number of the models is two, which are respectively located on both sides of the cavity structure, and the supersonic airflow flowing into the nozzle heats the models;

[0010] The antenna assembly includes a first antenna and a second antenna, wherein the first antenna receives the electromagnetic wave signal output by the processor and radiates a plane wave into space, and at the same time returns a reflected signal to the processor, and the second antenna receives the transmitted plane wave focused by the second focusing mirror and sends it to the processor;

[0011] A focusing mirror assembly, comprising a first focusing mirror and a second focusing mirror, wherein the first focusing mirror focuses the plane wave radiated by the first antenna into space and transmits the plane wave to the model, and the second focusing mirror focuses the transmitted plane wave passing through the model;

[0012] The processor receives the reflected signal from the first antenna in real time, receives the transmitted plane wave signal from the second antenna in real time, and calculates the transmittance change value and the dielectric constant of the model under the high temperature state.

[0013] In the above-mentioned arc heating-based thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device, the mixing chamber includes an air intake rectification device and a main body. The air intake rectification device includes a plurality of air intake channels arranged on the outer wall of the main body and connected to the internal cavity of the main body. The air intake channels allow cold gas medium to mix with the test medium flowing into the arc heater to adjust the incoming flow parameters and uniformity of the test medium.

[0014] In the above-mentioned arc heating-based thermo-electric performance simulation and measurement device, the body includes a coaxial inner layer and an outer layer, a fluid channel is provided between the inner layer and the outer layer, and a cooling medium is passed through the fluid channel to cool the body.

[0015] In the above-mentioned thermal-electrical performance simulation and measurement device based on electric arc heating, the inner layer material is copper and the outer layer material is steel.

[0016] In the above-mentioned arc heating-based thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device, the internal cavity of the nozzle is a variable inner diameter structure, the small end of the cavity is connected to the internal cavity of the mixing chamber, and the large end of the cavity is connected to the internal cavity of the catheter.

[0017] In the above-mentioned arc-heating-based thermal-electrical performance simulation and measurement device, the nozzle is a water-cooled sandwich structure, the inner shell is made of copper, and the outer wall of the inner shell is a thin-walled reinforced structure.

[0018] In the above-mentioned arc heating-based thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device, the cross-section of the internal cavity of the model component is rectangular, and the model is a rectangular flat plate structure. The three sides of the flat plate structure are respectively connected to the side of the bottom of the catheter and the two side walls of the catheter to form a whole, and the two flat plate structures are arranged opposite to each other.

[0019] In the above-mentioned arc heating-based thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device, it also includes a linear track system, and the antenna assembly and the focusing mirror assembly are coaxially arranged on the linear track system. The first antenna, the second antenna, the first focusing mirror and the second focusing mirror can move along the linear track system; the linear track system adopts an electric servo scanning mechanism.

[0020] The above-mentioned arc heating-based thermo-electric performance simulation and measurement device also includes an insulation frame and a pressure frame, which are arranged at the end of the model. The model is insulated by the insulation frame and compressed and sealed by the pressure frame.

[0021] The above-mentioned arc heating-based thermo-electric performance simulation and measurement device also includes a first temperature measuring device and a second temperature measuring device, which are respectively used to measure the back temperature of the two models; the first temperature measuring device and the second temperature measuring device both use K-type platinum-rhodium thermocouples with a temperature measurement range of 0 to 1300°C.

[0022] In the above-mentioned arc heating-based thermo-electric performance simulation and measurement device, the model surface temperature is calculated according to the model back surface temperature by the following formula:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, T s is the surface temperature of the model, T w is the back temperature of the model, k is the thermal conductivity, l is the model thickness, and q is the cold wall heat flux.

[0025] In the above-mentioned thermal-electrical performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating, the first antenna and the second antenna are horn antennas; the first focusing mirror and the second focusing mirror are quartz double convex lenses.

[0026] In the above-mentioned thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating, the electrode of the arc heater adopts a ring electrode, which is combined with multiple ring electrodes. During operation, current arc is divided to evenly distribute the total arc current to a single ring electrode, thereby minimizing electrode ablation.

[0027] In the above-mentioned arc heating-based thermo-electric performance simulation and measurement device, the signal transmission and acquisition frequency range of the processor is 1 to 50 GHz, and the 1 to 50 GHz spectrum graph time acquisition frequency is ≥ 0.1 frame / s.

[0028] In the above-mentioned arc heating-based thermo-electric performance simulation and measurement device, the processor receives the reflected signal from the first antenna in real time, receives the transmitted plane wave signal from the second antenna in real time, and calculates the transmittance change value and dielectric constant of the model under the high temperature state, including:

[0029] δ=10 (S21 '—S21" ) / 10

[0030]

[0031] Wherein, δ is the transmittance change value under high temperature state, ε is the dielectric constant, d is the thickness of the flat plate model, λ0 is the incident wave frequency, S11 is the reflection signal, S21 is the transmission plane wave signal, S21' is the transmission plane wave signal at the end of the test, S21" is the average value of the transmission plane wave signal within n seconds before the start of the test, and n is 0.5-1s.

[0032] The above-mentioned arc heating-based thermo-electric performance simulation and measurement device further includes a transmission cable, and the processor is connected to the first antenna and the second antenna through the transmission cable to perform signal transmission.

[0033] A method for simulating and measuring thermo-electric properties based on arc heating, characterized in that it is applied to the above-mentioned measuring device, comprising:

[0034] The arc heater is struck, and the arc is broken down between the anode and cathode of the arc heater to establish an arc channel to heat the incoming test medium;

[0035] A cold gas medium is introduced into the mixing chamber to mix with the heated test medium flowing in from the arc heater, and the flow parameters and uniformity of the test medium are adjusted. Then, the test medium flows into the nozzle and is expanded and accelerated by the nozzle to generate a supersonic airflow;

[0036] The supersonic airflow flows into the model assembly to heat the two models arranged opposite to each other, and then the supersonic airflow is discharged into the atmosphere;

[0037] The signal output end of the processor outputs an electromagnetic wave signal and transmits it to the first antenna. The first antenna radiates the electromagnetic wave signal into space as a plane wave and returns a reflected signal to the processor. The plane wave is focused by the first focusing mirror and then transmitted through the model. The plane wave signal after transmission is focused by the second focusing mirror and received by the second antenna and then sent to the signal receiving end of the processor in real time.

[0038] The processor calculates the transmittance change value and the dielectric constant of the model under the high temperature state according to the received reflection signal and the transmitted plane wave signal.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0040] (1) The thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating provided by the embodiment of the present invention comprises an arc heater, a mixing chamber, a nozzle, a model assembly, an antenna assembly, a focusing lens assembly and a processor. The inner cavity of the mixing chamber is connected with the arc channel of the arc heater. The cold gas medium introduced through the supersonic air inlet channel is mixed with the test medium flowing into the arc heater to improve the penetration speed and penetration depth of the mixture, thereby adjusting the incoming flow parameters and uniformity of the test medium. The nozzle is connected with the inner cavity of the mixing chamber, and receives the test medium flowing into the mixing chamber to generate a supersonic airflow after expansion and acceleration. The model assembly comprises a conduit and a model connected to the wall of the conduit, and the two together form an integrated cavity structure. The two models are respectively located on both sides of the cavity structure, and receive the supersonic airflow flowing into the nozzle to heat the model, thereby realizing the simulation of a higher thermal environment and a higher surface temperature of the model. The processor receives the reflection signal and the transmission signal from the antenna in real time, and calculates the transmittance change value and the dielectric constant of the model under the high temperature state. The present invention realizes the test and testing requirements of the high temperature microwave performance and dielectric performance of the wave-transmitting material under the ablation condition through the overall structural module design.

[0041] (2) The thermo-electric performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating provided in the real-time example of the present invention realizes the measurement of high-temperature wave transmittance and dielectric constant of wave-transmitting materials under arc heating ablation, as well as high-temperature simulation measurement of wave-transmitting performance with medium and low enthalpy and large dynamic pressure under conditions of lower flight altitude and higher flight speed; the real-time example of the present invention realizes the ground test simulation and measurement of high-temperature wave-transmitting performance under conditions of a maximum surface temperature of 3000°C.

[0042] (3) The thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating provided in the real-time embodiment of the present invention uses a low-ablation arc heater to provide the simulation capability of pure airflow under aerodynamic heating conditions of wave-transmitting materials. At the same time, a microwave measurement system is used to realize real-time measurement of high-temperature wave-transmitting performance of wave-transmitting materials under dynamic heating conditions, thereby meeting the test and measurement requirements of high-temperature microwave performance and dielectric properties of wave-transmitting materials under ablation conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 It is a structural cross-sectional view of a thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection between the nozzle and the model assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a mixing chamber in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein Figure 3 a is the radial cross-section, Figure 3 b is a cross-sectional view along the axial direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating in the embodiment of the present invention includes an arc heater 1, a mixing chamber 2, a nozzle 3, a model component, an antenna component, a focusing mirror component, a heat insulation frame 6, a pressure frame 7, a first temperature measuring device 8, a second temperature measuring device 9, a transmission cable 14, a processor 15 and a linear track system 16. The model component includes a catheter 4 and a model 5, the antenna component includes a first antenna 10 and a second antenna 13, and the focusing mirror component includes a first focusing mirror 11 and a second focusing mirror 12.

[0048] The arc heater 1 strikes an arc, breaks down between the anode and cathode of the arc heater 1, and establishes an arc channel to heat the entering test medium. In the embodiment of the present invention, the electrode of the arc heater 1 adopts an annular electrode, which is combined with multiple annular electrodes. During operation, current arc division is adopted to evenly distribute the total arc current to a single annular electrode, thereby minimizing electrode ablation.

[0049] like Figure 3As shown, the mixing chamber 2 includes an air intake rectification device 2-1 and a body 2-2. The air intake rectification device 2-1 includes a plurality of air intake channels arranged on the outer wall of the body 2-2 and connected to the internal cavity of the body 2-2. In the embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the air intake channels is 6 mm, and there are 8 of them, which are evenly distributed in a radial angle of 8×45°. The internal cavity of the body 2-2 is connected to the arc channel of the arc heater 1. The air intake channel is passed through a cold gas medium (for example, air, pure nitrogen, with a temperature of 280K to 300K) to mix with the heated test medium flowing into the arc heater 1, and further adjusts the incoming flow parameters and optimizes its uniformity. The incoming flow parameters include enthalpy, temperature, and pressure. The body 2-2 includes a coaxial inner layer and an outer layer, and a fluid channel is arranged between the inner layer and the outer layer. The body 2-2 is cooled by passing a cooling medium through the fluid channel. The inner layer material is copper, and the outer layer material is steel. The end faces on both sides are flush, and brazing is used at the joint. There is a water channel between the inner and outer layers, and circulating water is used for forced cooling. like Figure 3 As shown in a, the air intake straightening device 2-1 in the embodiment of the present invention adopts a supersonic air intake nozzle design, which enables the cold medium to enter the mixing chamber at a supersonic speed, thereby increasing the penetration speed and penetration depth of the intake air and improving the mixing efficiency and uniformity.

[0050] like Figure 2 The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the connection between the nozzle and the model assembly along the axial direction. The nozzle 3 is connected to the internal cavity of the mixing chamber 2, and the test medium flowing into the mixing chamber 2 is received and expanded and accelerated to generate a supersonic airflow. In the embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section and longitudinal section of the nozzle 3 are both rectangular, and the internal cavity is a variable inner diameter structure. The small end of the cavity is connected to the internal cavity of the mixing chamber 2, and the large end of the cavity is connected to the internal cavity of the conduit 4. The nozzle 3 is a water-cooled sandwich structure, the internal shell is made of pure copper, and a thin-walled reinforced structure is adopted. The height from the inlet to the outlet is consistent, and the inlet to the outlet of the nozzle 3 adopts a profile design with a smooth transition.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, the model assembly includes a conduit 4 and a flat plate model 5, and the wall of the flat plate model 5 is connected to the wall of the conduit 4 to form a cavity structure. In the embodiment of the present invention, the cross section and longitudinal section of the model assembly are both rectangular, matching the shape of the nozzle 3, and the transverse and longitudinal sections of the internal cavity are also rectangular, wherein the flat plate model 5 is two rectangular flat plate structures, and the three sides of the flat plate structure are respectively connected to the side of the bottom of the conduit 4 and the two side walls of the conduit 4, so that the conduit 4 and the model 5 form a whole, and the two rectangular flat plate structures are respectively located on both sides of the cavity structure and arranged oppositely, becoming part of the wall of the model assembly. The model assembly receives the supersonic airflow flowing into the nozzle 3 to heat the flat plate model 5. In the embodiment of the present invention, the size of the flat plate model 5 is 100mm×100mm, and the insulation frame 6 and the pressing frame 7 are arranged at the end of the flat plate model 5. The insulation frame 6 is used to insulate the flat plate model 5, and the pressing frame 7 is used to press and seal.

[0052] The first antenna 10, the focusing mirror 11, the focusing mirror 12, and the second antenna 13 are arranged as a whole on a linear track system 16 that can be electrically / manually adjusted to ensure coaxiality, achieve rapid and accurate adjustment of the distance between the four, and perform calibration operations. In the embodiment of the present invention, the linear track system 16 adopts an electric servo scanning mechanism, with a scanning distance of 0-1000mm and a scanning accuracy of ≤10μm.

[0053] The first antenna 10 and the second antenna 13 are horn antennas, the first focusing mirror 11 and the second focusing mirror 12 are quartz double convex lenses, and the antennas and the focusing mirrors are separated and independently arranged.

[0054] The first temperature measuring device 8 and the first temperature measuring device 9 are used to measure the back surface temperature of the two flat plate models 5 respectively. Both adopt K-type platinum-rhodium thermocouples with a temperature measurement range of 0 to 1300° C. The back surface temperature T of the flat plate model 5 measured by the first temperature measuring device 8 and the first temperature measuring device 9 is w , combined with one-dimensional heat conduction, the surface temperature T of the mold plate model 5 is inferred s :

[0055]

[0056] Among them, T s is the surface temperature of the model, T w is the back temperature of the model, k is the thermal conductivity, l is the model thickness, and q is the cold wall heat flux.

[0057] The processor 15 uses a vector network analyzer, which can realize the output and continuous acquisition of wide-band microwave signals. The signal transmission and acquisition frequency range is 1 to 50 GHz, and the 1 to 50 GHz spectrum time acquisition frequency is ≥ 0.1 frame / s.

[0058] The processor 15 receives the reflected signal from the first antenna 10 in real time, receives the transmitted plane wave signal from the second antenna 13 in real time, and calculates the transmittance change value and dielectric constant of the model 5 under the high temperature state (for example, 1000-3000° C.), including:

[0059] δ=10 (S21 '—S21" ) / 10

[0060]

[0061] Wherein, δ is the transmittance change value under high temperature state, ε is the dielectric constant, d is the thickness of the flat plate model, λ0 is the incident wave frequency, S11 is the reflection signal, S21 is the transmission plane wave signal, S21' is the transmission plane wave signal at the end of the test, S21" is the average value of the transmission plane wave signal within n seconds before the start of the test, and n is 0.5-1s. In the embodiment of the present invention, n is 1 second.

[0062] The processor 15 is connected to the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 13 via a transmission cable 14 for signal transmission.

[0063] The present invention also provides a method for simulating and measuring thermo-electric performance based on arc heating, which is applied to the above-mentioned measuring device and comprises the following steps:

[0064] 1. The arc heater 1 strikes an arc, breaks down between the anode and cathode of the arc heater 1, and establishes an arc channel to heat the incoming test medium;

[0065] 2. The external cold gas medium is introduced into the mixing chamber 2 through the air flow channel, mixed with the heated test medium flowing into the arc heater 1, and the flow parameters and uniformity of the test medium are adjusted. Then, the test medium flows into the nozzle 3, and expands and accelerates through the nozzle 3 to generate a supersonic airflow;

[0066] 3. The supersonic airflow flows into the model assembly to heat the two relatively arranged flat plate models 5, and then the supersonic airflow is directly discharged into the atmosphere;

[0067] 4. The signal output end of the vector network analyzer 15 outputs an electromagnetic wave signal of a certain frequency band through the transmission cable 14 and transmits it to the first antenna 10. The first antenna 10 radiates the above-mentioned frequency band signal into space as a plane wave, and at the same time returns a reflected signal S11 to the vector network analyzer 15. After the plane wave is focused by the first focusing mirror 11, it is transmitted through the flat plate model 5. After transmission, the spatially radiated plane wave is focused by the second focusing mirror 12, received by the second antenna 13, and transmitted back to the signal input end of the vector network analyzer 15 through the transmission cable 14 and collected in real time, i.e., the transmission signal S21.

[0068] 5. The vector network analyzer 15 calculates the transmittance change value δ and the dielectric constant ε of the flat plate model 5 at high temperature according to the received reflection signal S11 and the transmitted plane wave signal S21.

[0069] The above description is only the best specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0070] The contents not described in detail in the specification of the present invention belong to the common knowledge of the professionals in this field.

Claims

1. A thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating, characterized in that: include: The arc heater (1) is configured to heat the incoming test medium by striking an arc and breaking down between the anode and cathode of the arc heater (1); establishing an arc channel; A mixing chamber (2), the internal cavity of which is in communication with the arc channel of the arc heater (1), receives cold gas medium introduced from the outside, mixes it with the test medium flowing into the arc heater (1), and adjusts the flow parameters and uniformity of the test medium; The nozzle (3) is connected to the inner cavity of the mixing chamber (2) and receives the test medium flowing into the mixing chamber (2) and generates a supersonic airflow after the test medium is expanded and accelerated; A model assembly comprises a conduit (4) and a model (5), wherein the wall surface of the model (5) is connected to the wall surface of the conduit (4) to form a cavity structure, and the cavity structure is connected to the nozzle (3); the number of the models (5) is two, and they are located on both sides of the cavity structure respectively, and the supersonic airflow flowing in from the nozzle (3) heats the models (5); An antenna assembly comprises a first antenna (10) and a second antenna (13), wherein the first antenna (10) receives an electromagnetic wave signal output by a processor (15) and radiates a plane wave into space, while returning a reflected signal to the processor (15), and the second antenna (13) receives a transmitted plane wave focused by a second focusing mirror (12) and sends the transmitted plane wave to the processor (15); A focusing mirror assembly comprises a first focusing mirror (11) and a second focusing mirror (12), wherein the first focusing mirror (11) focuses a plane wave radiated into space by a first antenna (10) and transmits the plane wave to a model (5), and the second focusing mirror (12) focuses the transmitted plane wave passing through the model (5); The processor (15) receives the reflected signal from the first antenna (10) in real time, receives the transmitted plane wave signal from the second antenna (13) in real time, and calculates the transmittance change value and the dielectric constant of the model (5) in a high temperature state.

2. The thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing chamber (2) comprises an air intake rectification device (2-1) and a body (2-2); the air intake rectification device (2-1) comprises a plurality of air intake channels arranged on the outer wall surface of the body (2-2) and connected to the internal cavity of the body (2-2); a cold gas medium is introduced into the air intake channel to mix with the test medium flowing into the arc heater (1) to adjust the incoming flow parameters and uniformity of the test medium.

3. The thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating according to claim 2, characterized in that: The body (2-2) comprises a coaxial inner layer and an outer layer, a fluid channel is arranged between the inner layer and the outer layer, and a cooling medium is introduced into the fluid channel to cool the body (2-2).

4. The thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The inner layer material is copper, and the outer layer material is steel.

5. The arc heating simulation and measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal cavity of the nozzle (3) is a variable inner diameter structure, the small end of the cavity is connected to the internal cavity of the mixing chamber (2), and the large end of the cavity is connected to the internal cavity of the conduit (4).

6. The thermal-electrical performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating according to claim 5, characterized in that: The nozzle (3) is a water-cooled sandwich structure, the inner shell is made of copper, and the outer wall of the inner shell is a thin-wall reinforced structure.

7. The thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-section of the internal cavity of the model component is rectangular, and the model (5) is a rectangular flat plate structure. The three sides of the flat plate structure are respectively connected to the side of the bottom of the conduit (4) and the two side walls of the conduit (4) to form a whole, and the two flat plate structures are arranged opposite to each other.

8. The thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a linear track system (16), the antenna assembly and the focusing mirror assembly are coaxially arranged on the linear track system (16), the first antenna (10), the second antenna (13), the first focusing mirror (11) and the second focusing mirror (12) can move along the linear track system; the linear track system (16) adopts an electric servo scanning mechanism.

9. The thermal-electrical performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a heat insulation frame (6) and a pressing frame (7), wherein the heat insulation frame (6) and the pressing frame (7) are arranged at the end of the model (5), the heat insulation frame (6) is used to insulate the model (5), and the pressing frame (7) is used to compress and seal the model.

10. The thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first temperature measuring device (8) and a second temperature measuring device (9), which are respectively used to measure the back surface temperature of the two models (5); the first temperature measuring device (8) and the second temperature measuring device (9) both use K-type platinum-rhodium thermocouples with a temperature measurement range of 0 to 1300°C.

11. The thermal-electrical performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating according to claim 10, characterized in that: The surface temperature of model (5) is calculated according to the back surface temperature of model (5) by the following formula: Among them, T s is the surface temperature of the model, T w is the back temperature of the model, k is the thermal conductivity, l is the model thickness, and q is the cold wall heat flux.

12. The thermal-electrical performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first antenna (10) and the second antenna (13) are horn antennas; the first focusing mirror (11) and the second focusing mirror (12) are quartz double convex lenses.

13. The thermal-electrical performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode of the arc heater (1) is a ring electrode, which is combined with a plurality of ring electrodes. During operation, current arc division is adopted to evenly distribute the total arc current to a single ring electrode, thereby minimizing electrode ablation.

14. The thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal transmission and acquisition frequency range of the processor (15) is 1 to 50 GHz, and the time acquisition frequency of the 1 to 50 GHz spectrum diagram is ≥ 0.1 sheet / s.

15. The thermal-electrical performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processor (15) receives the reflected signal from the first antenna (10) in real time, receives the transmitted plane wave signal from the second antenna (13) in real time, and calculates the transmittance change value and the dielectric constant of the model (5) in a high temperature state, including: d=10 (S21'—S21") / 10 Wherein, δ is the transmittance change value under high temperature state, ε is the dielectric constant, d is the thickness of the flat plate model, λ0 is the incident wave frequency, S11 is the reflection signal, S21 is the transmission plane wave signal, S21' is the transmission plane wave signal at the end of the test, S21" is the average value of the transmission plane wave signal within n seconds before the start of the test, and n is 0.5-1s.

16. The thermal-electric performance simulation and measurement device based on arc heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a transmission cable (14), and the processor (15) is connected to the first antenna (10) and the second antenna (13) via the transmission cable (14) to perform signal transmission.

17. A method for simulating and measuring thermal-electrical properties based on arc heating, characterized in that: The device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising: Striking an arc on the arc heater (1), breaking down between the anode and cathode of the arc heater (1), establishing an arc channel, and heating the entering test medium; A cold gas medium is introduced into the mixing chamber (2) to mix with the heated test medium flowing in from the arc heater (1), and the flow parameters and uniformity of the test medium are adjusted. The test medium then flows into the nozzle (3) and is expanded and accelerated by the nozzle (3) to generate a supersonic airflow; The supersonic airflow flows into the model assembly to heat the two models (5) arranged opposite to each other, and then the supersonic airflow is discharged into the atmosphere; The signal output end of the processor (15) outputs an electromagnetic wave signal and transmits it to the first antenna (10); the first antenna (10) radiates the electromagnetic wave signal into space as a plane wave and simultaneously returns a reflected signal to the processor (15); the plane wave is focused by the first focusing mirror (11) and then transmitted through the model (5); the transmitted plane wave signal is focused by the second focusing mirror (12), received by the second antenna (13), and then sent to the signal receiving end of the processor (15) in real time; The processor (15) calculates the transmittance change value and the dielectric constant of the model (5) in a high temperature state according to the received reflection signal and the transmitted plane wave signal.

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