Shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel surrounding rock deformation real-time monitoring method and device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aeolian sand tunnels, in particular to a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel surrounding rock deformation real-time monitoring method and device, and the method comprises the steps: scanning the interior of an aeolian sand tunnel to obtain aeolian sand tunnel surrounding rock point cloud data, and processing the aeolian sand tunnel surrounding rock point cloud data based on a reference target to obtain the deformation of the shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel surrounding rock. Calculating the deformation values of the vault and the side wall of the section boundary of the aeolian sand tunnel according to the characteristic point deformation values of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel, and giving an alarm under the condition that the deformation values reach an early warning condition according to the deformation values of the vault and the side wall of the section boundary of the aeolian sand tunnel. Therefore, the problems that in the related technology, on one hand, due to the fact that equipment needs to be fixed in a tunnel for operation or a track needs to be installed in advance, and personnel need to assist in the operation process, efficiency is low, and the safety of operators cannot be guaranteed are solved; on the other hand, due to the fact that a risk assessment calculation method is complex and tedious, real-time monitoring is difficult to achieve.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aeolian sand tunnels, and in particular to a real-time monitoring method and device for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow buried aeolian sand tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Among the related technologies, three-dimensional laser scanning technology provides a new technical path for the deformation monitoring of the surrounding rock of aeolian sand tunnels due to its characteristics of fast, non-contact and high-density data collection. Drones equipped with three-dimensional laser scanning can perform all-round scanning of aeolian sand tunnels around the clock without interruption. Compared with traditional methods, it is safe, reliable and efficient.

[0003] However, in the related technologies, on the one hand, the equipment needs to be fixed in the tunnel for operation, or the track needs to be pre-installed so that the scanner can move on the fixed track and work, and operators need to assist at the side, which is inefficient and cannot ensure the safety of operators. On the other hand, the risk assessment calculation is relatively complicated and cumbersome, and it is difficult to achieve real-time monitoring, which needs to be improved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a real-time monitoring method and device for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel, in order to solve the problem in the related art that, on the one hand, the equipment needs to be fixed in the tunnel for operation or the track needs to be pre-installed and personnel need to assist during operation, resulting in low efficiency and failure to ensure the safety of the operators; on the other hand, the risk assessment calculation method is complicated and cumbersome, resulting in difficulty in achieving real-time monitoring.

[0005] A first aspect of the present application provides a real-time monitoring method for deformation of the surrounding rock of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel, comprising the following steps: scanning the interior of the aeolian sand tunnel to obtain point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel; processing the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel based on a reference target to obtain deformation values ​​of characteristic points of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel; calculating the deformation values ​​of the vault and side walls of the cross-section boundary of the aeolian sand tunnel according to the deformation values ​​of the characteristic points of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel, and issuing an alarm based on the deformation values ​​of the vault and side walls of the cross-section boundary of the aeolian sand tunnel when the deformation values ​​reach a preset warning condition.

[0006] Through the above technical scheme, the embodiment of the present application can obtain the surrounding rock point cloud data by scanning the interior of the aeolian sand tunnel with a three-dimensional laser scanner carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle, avoiding the low efficiency and safety hazards caused by the traditional method of fixing equipment or installing tracks and on-site assistance of personnel, and realizing low-cost and high-efficiency data collection to ensure the safety of operators. The deformation value of the characteristic point is obtained by processing the point cloud data based on the benchmark target, which provides a basis for subsequent accurate evaluation. The deformation values ​​of the section boundary vault and side wall are calculated based on the deformation values ​​of the characteristic points and an alarm is given accordingly. Combined with reasonable preset early warning conditions, potential risks can be discovered in time, and effective risk monitoring and early warning can be achieved to ensure the safety of tunnel construction. At the same time, compared with traditional methods, this scheme improves the monitoring efficiency in the entire process, making the surrounding rock deformation monitoring and risk assessment of the aeolian sand tunnel more scientific and efficient, which helps to promote the smooth progress of the construction of the aeolian sand tunnel project and improve the quality and safety of the project.

[0007] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the processing of the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel based on the benchmark target to obtain the deformation values ​​of the characteristic points of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel includes: processing the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel using the benchmark target to establish a three-dimensional model of the aeolian sand tunnel through coordinate transformation; and obtaining the deformation values ​​of the characteristic points of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel based on the three-dimensional model of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0008] Through the above technical scheme, the embodiment of the present application can use the benchmark target to process the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel, which can provide an accurate reference benchmark for subsequent operations and ensure the accuracy and reliability of data processing. The three-dimensional model of the aeolian sand tunnel is established through coordinate transformation, so that the tunnel surrounding rock can be visualized in three dimensions, which not only helps to intuitively observe the overall morphology and structure of the tunnel surrounding rock, but also provides an intuitive and effective means for comprehensively analyzing the deformation of the surrounding rock. Based on the three-dimensional model, the deformation value of the surrounding rock feature point is obtained, which can accurately locate and quantify the deformation characteristics, and provide key data support for accurately evaluating the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock. This method greatly improves the accuracy and efficiency of the deformation monitoring of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel, helps to timely discover potential risks, and ensure the safety of tunnel construction and operation. At the same time, it also provides a strong technical basis for the design optimization and decision-making of tunnel projects.

[0009] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, before issuing an alarm, it also includes: matching the preset warning condition according to the maximum allowable deformation value of the vault displacement of the aeolian sand tunnel and the maximum allowable deformation value of the side wall displacement of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0010] Through the above technical scheme, the embodiment of the present application can set early warning conditions based on the accurate maximum value of the allowable displacement deformation, and can more accurately capture the abnormal deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock, effectively avoid false alarms and missed alarms, and provide reliable risk warnings to construction personnel in a timely manner. It is helpful to better balance the construction progress and safety assurance during the tunnel construction process, ensure that measures are taken before the deformation reaches a dangerous level, reduce engineering risks, improve construction efficiency, and at the same time ensure the overall quality and safety of tunnel construction, providing strong support for the smooth progress of the Aeolian Sand Tunnel Project.

[0011] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, it also includes: calculating the deformation degree value of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel according to the deformation values ​​of the arch and the side walls; and generating a risk assessment value of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel according to the deformation degree value of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0012] Through the above technical solution, the embodiment of the present application can calculate the deformation degree of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel based on the deformation values ​​of the arch and the side wall, comprehensively consider the deformation of the key parts of the tunnel, and comprehensively and quantitatively reflect the overall deformation state of the surrounding rock. Based on this, the risk assessment value of the surrounding rock is generated, realizing the transformation from single deformation data to overall risk assessment, providing a more scientific and intuitive basis for judging the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0013] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the calculation formula of the risk assessment value is:

[0014]

[0015] Among them, Δω1 is the displacement deformation value of the arch of the aeolian sand tunnel section, Δω2 is the displacement deformation value of the side wall of the aeolian sand tunnel, ω1 is the maximum allowable displacement deformation of the arch of the aeolian sand tunnel section, and ω2 is the maximum allowable displacement deformation of the side wall of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0016] Through the above technical scheme, the embodiment of the present application can comprehensively and specifically consider the impact of the deformation of different key parts of the aeolian sand tunnel on the overall risk by introducing the displacement deformation values ​​of the arch and the side walls and the corresponding maximum allowable displacement deformation values, so as to take timely measures to ensure the safety of tunnel construction, optimize the construction plan, and improve engineering efficiency.

[0017] The second aspect of the present application provides a real-time monitoring device for deformation of the surrounding rock of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel, comprising: a scanning module for scanning the interior of the aeolian sand tunnel to obtain point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel; a data processing module for processing the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel based on a reference target to obtain deformation values ​​of characteristic points of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel; an early warning module for calculating the deformation values ​​of the vault and side walls of the cross-section boundary of the aeolian sand tunnel according to the deformation values ​​of the characteristic points of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel, and based on the deformation values ​​of the vault and side walls of the cross-section boundary of the aeolian sand tunnel, issuing an alarm when the deformation values ​​reach a preset early warning condition.

[0018] Through the above technical scheme, the embodiment of the present application can obtain the surrounding rock point cloud data by scanning the interior of the aeolian sand tunnel with a three-dimensional laser scanner carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle, avoiding the low efficiency and safety hazards caused by the traditional method of fixing equipment or installing tracks and on-site assistance of personnel, and realizing low-cost and high-efficiency data collection to ensure the safety of operators. The deformation value of the characteristic point is obtained by processing the point cloud data based on the benchmark target, which provides a basis for subsequent accurate evaluation. The deformation values ​​of the section boundary vault and side wall are calculated based on the deformation values ​​of the characteristic points and an alarm is given accordingly. Combined with reasonable preset early warning conditions, potential risks can be discovered in time, and effective risk monitoring and early warning can be achieved to ensure the safety of tunnel construction. At the same time, compared with traditional methods, this scheme improves the monitoring efficiency in the entire process, making the surrounding rock deformation monitoring and risk assessment of the aeolian sand tunnel more scientific and efficient, which helps to promote the smooth progress of the construction of the aeolian sand tunnel project and improve the quality and safety of the project.

[0019] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the data processing module includes: a modeling unit, used to process the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel using a benchmark target, so as to establish a three-dimensional model of the aeolian sand tunnel through coordinate transformation; and an acquisition unit, used to acquire the deformation values ​​of the characteristic points of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel based on the three-dimensional model of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0020] Through the above technical scheme, the embodiment of the present application can use the benchmark target to process the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel, which can provide an accurate reference benchmark for subsequent operations and ensure the accuracy and reliability of data processing. The three-dimensional model of the aeolian sand tunnel is established through coordinate transformation, so that the tunnel surrounding rock can be visualized in three dimensions, which not only helps to intuitively observe the overall morphology and structure of the tunnel surrounding rock, but also provides an intuitive and effective means for comprehensively analyzing the deformation of the surrounding rock. Based on the three-dimensional model, the deformation value of the surrounding rock feature point is obtained, which can accurately locate and quantify the deformation characteristics, and provide key data support for accurately evaluating the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock. This method greatly improves the accuracy and efficiency of the deformation monitoring of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel, helps to timely discover potential risks, and ensure the safety of tunnel construction and operation. At the same time, it also provides a strong technical basis for the design optimization and decision-making of tunnel projects.

[0021] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, before issuing an alarm, it also includes: matching the preset warning condition according to the maximum allowable deformation value of the vault displacement of the aeolian sand tunnel and the maximum allowable deformation value of the side wall displacement of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0022] Through the above technical scheme, the embodiment of the present application can set early warning conditions based on the accurate maximum value of the allowable displacement deformation, and can more accurately capture the abnormal deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock, effectively avoid false alarms and missed alarms, and provide reliable risk warnings to construction personnel in a timely manner. It is helpful to better balance the construction progress and safety assurance during the tunnel construction process, ensure that measures are taken before the deformation reaches a dangerous level, reduce engineering risks, improve construction efficiency, and at the same time ensure the overall quality and safety of tunnel construction, providing strong support for the smooth progress of the Aeolian Sand Tunnel Project.

[0023] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the early warning module includes: a first calculation unit, used to calculate the deformation degree value of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel according to the deformation values ​​of the arch and the side walls; a second calculation unit, used to generate a risk assessment value of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel according to the deformation degree value of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0024] Through the above technical solution, the embodiment of the present application can calculate the deformation degree of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel based on the deformation values ​​of the arch and the side wall, comprehensively consider the deformation of the key parts of the tunnel, and comprehensively and quantitatively reflect the overall deformation state of the surrounding rock. Based on this, the risk assessment value of the surrounding rock is generated, realizing the transformation from single deformation data to overall risk assessment, providing a more scientific and intuitive basis for judging the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0025] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the calculation formula of the risk assessment value is:

[0026]

[0027] Among them, Δω1 is the displacement deformation value of the arch of the aeolian sand tunnel section, Δω2 is the displacement deformation value of the side wall of the aeolian sand tunnel, ω1 is the maximum allowable displacement deformation of the arch of the aeolian sand tunnel section, and ω2 is the maximum allowable displacement deformation of the side wall of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0028] Through the above technical scheme, the embodiment of the present application can comprehensively and specifically consider the impact of the deformation of different key parts of the aeolian sand tunnel on the overall risk by introducing the displacement deformation values ​​of the arch and the side walls and the corresponding maximum allowable displacement deformation values, so as to take timely measures to ensure the safety of tunnel construction, optimize the construction plan, and improve engineering efficiency.

[0029] The third aspect of the present application provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel as described in the above embodiment.

[0030] The fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the program is executed by a processor, it implements the above-mentioned real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel.

[0031] The fifth aspect of the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed, is used to implement the above-mentioned real-time monitoring method for deformation of surrounding rock of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel.

[0032] The embodiments of the present application can use a scanner mounted on a drone to obtain point cloud data, avoid the drawbacks of traditional operations, ensure personnel safety and improve efficiency; use benchmark targets to process data and establish a three-dimensional model to provide accurate reference and intuitive means for deformation analysis, improve monitoring accuracy and efficiency, and strongly support design optimization decisions; set early warning conditions based on the maximum allowable displacement deformation value, accurately capture anomalies, balance construction progress and safety, reduce risks and ensure quality; calculate the degree of surrounding rock deformation and generate a risk assessment value, comprehensively consider the deformation of key parts, realize data conversion, intuitively judge stability, consider the impact of different parts, and help take measures to ensure construction safety, optimize plans and improve efficiency, and promote the smooth progress of the aeolian sand tunnel project as a whole.

[0033] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become apparent from the description below, or will be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0035] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for real-time monitoring deformation of surrounding rock of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel provided according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a real-time monitoring device for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel provided according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 3 The figure is a structural example diagram of an electronic device provided according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0039] The following describes the real-time monitoring method and device of the surrounding rock deformation of the shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel in the embodiment of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings. In view of the related technologies mentioned in the above background technology, on the one hand, due to the need to fix the equipment in the tunnel for operation or pre-install the track and require personnel to assist during operation, the efficiency is low and the safety of the operators cannot be ensured; on the other hand, due to the complicated and cumbersome risk assessment calculation method, it is difficult to achieve real-time monitoring. The present application provides a real-time monitoring method for the surrounding rock deformation of the shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel. In this method, the surrounding rock point cloud data can be obtained by scanning the inside of the aeolian sand tunnel with a three-dimensional laser scanner carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle, avoiding the low efficiency and safety hazards caused by the traditional method of fixing equipment or installing tracks and personnel on-site assistance, realizing low-cost and high-efficiency data collection, and ensuring the safety of operators. Based on the reference target, the point cloud data is processed to obtain the characteristic point deformation value, which provides a basis for subsequent accurate evaluation. According to the characteristic point deformation value, the deformation value of the section boundary vault and side wall is calculated and an alarm is given accordingly. Combined with reasonable preset warning conditions, potential risks can be discovered in time, and effective risk monitoring and warning can be achieved to ensure the safety of tunnel construction. At the same time, compared with traditional methods, this solution improves the monitoring efficiency throughout the entire process, making the deformation monitoring and risk assessment of the surrounding rock of the Aeolian Sand Tunnel more scientific and efficient, which helps to promote the smooth construction of the Aeolian Sand Tunnel project and improve the quality and safety of the project. This solves the problem that, on the one hand, the equipment needs to be fixed in the tunnel for operation or the track needs to be pre-installed and personnel need to assist during operation, resulting in low efficiency and failure to ensure the safety of the operators; on the other hand, the risk assessment calculation method is complicated and cumbersome, making it difficult to achieve real-time monitoring.

[0040] Specifically, Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for real-time monitoring deformation of surrounding rock in a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow buried aeolian sand tunnel comprises the following steps:

[0042] In step S101, the interior of the aeolian sand tunnel is scanned to obtain point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0043] It is understandable that point cloud data is a collection of a large number of discrete points obtained through technologies such as 3D laser scanning, and each point contains coordinate information in 3D space and possible other attribute information (such as but not limited to reflection intensity, etc.). These points together describe the surface shape and spatial position characteristics of the scanned object (such as the interior of a wind-blown sand tunnel), and are the basic data source for subsequent data processing, modeling and analysis.

[0044] In the actual implementation process, a drone with high-precision scanning capability is used as a flight platform, and a professionally calibrated three-dimensional laser scanner with a measurement accuracy of up to millimeter level is firmly installed on its fuselage. The drone is controlled to perform a comprehensive, all-round scanning operation inside the Fengjisha Tunnel in accordance with the predetermined scientific flight path, with a stable flight attitude and an appropriate flight speed. During the scanning process, the scanner continuously emits dense and high-energy laser beams, which interact with the surface of the tunnel surrounding rock and reflect back. The scanner quickly captures the reflected light signal with its receiving device, and accurately calculates the spatial distance of each scanning point relative to the scanner based on the principle of laser flight time. In this way, a large number of discrete points containing precise three-dimensional coordinate information and rich attribute information such as reflection intensity are obtained. These points together constitute the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the Fengjisha Tunnel, laying a solid data foundation for the subsequent in-depth analysis of the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock and comprehensive risk assessment.

[0045] The embodiment of the present application can use a drone equipped with a three-dimensional laser scanner to perform an all-round scan of the interior of the Aeolian Sand Tunnel to obtain point cloud data of the surrounding rock, overcoming many limitations of traditional monitoring methods. The maneuverability of the drone enables it to easily reach various locations in the tunnel, avoiding manual entry into complex and dangerous environments, and greatly ensuring personnel safety. Three-dimensional laser scanning technology can collect data quickly, non-contact, and at a high density. The acquired point cloud data can accurately present the surface morphology details of the tunnel surrounding rock, providing a rich and detailed data foundation for the subsequent precise analysis of surrounding rock deformation, and helping to more comprehensively and accurately grasp the actual conditions of the surrounding rock of the Aeolian Sand Tunnel, thereby providing strong technical support for the safety management of tunnel construction and operation.

[0046] In step S102, based on the reference target, the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel is processed to obtain the deformation values ​​of the characteristic points of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0047] It is understandable that in the surrounding rock deformation monitoring technology of aeolian sand tunnels, the benchmark target is a reference target with known precise position and shape information. It is usually placed at a specific position in the tunnel, and its position and shape information remain stable throughout the monitoring process. When processing the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of aeolian sand tunnels, using the benchmark target as a reference can provide an accurate benchmark for operations such as point cloud data alignment, splicing, and coordinate transformation, thereby ensuring that the deformation values ​​of the surrounding rock feature points obtained subsequently have high accuracy and reliability. For example, specific marking points or characteristic contours on the benchmark target can be used as reference points for coordinate transformation, unifying point cloud data obtained from different scanning angles or at different times into the same coordinate system, facilitating accurate calculation of the displacement changes of surrounding rock feature points, and then obtaining deformation values.

[0048] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, based on the benchmark target, the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel is processed to obtain the deformation values ​​of the characteristic points of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel, including: using the benchmark target to process the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel to establish a three-dimensional model of the aeolian sand tunnel through coordinate transformation; and obtaining the deformation values ​​of the characteristic points of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel based on the three-dimensional model of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0049] In the actual implementation process, the coordinate system is constructed with the starting point of the center line of the Aeolian Sand Tunnel as the coordinate origin. The constructed coordinate system is parallel to the plane where the cross section of the Aeolian Sand Tunnel is located. The obtained laser point cloud data is cropped, denoised and resampled. The collected and processed laser point cloud data is spliced ​​through coordinate transformation to obtain a complete Aeolian Sand Tunnel 3D model, so that the surrounding rock of the Aeolian Sand Tunnel is three-dimensionally visible, and the deformation value of the characteristic point of the surrounding rock of the Aeolian Sand Tunnel is obtained. The displacement deformation value of the characteristic point of each section boundary of the Aeolian Sand Tunnel is calculated, and the position of the characteristic point on the intersection of the excavated design Aeolian Sand Tunnel section and the axis direction is taken as the initial point (x0, y0, z0). The coordinates of the point (x, y, z) after monitoring modeling are obtained. The displacement deformation value of the point is:

[0050]

[0051] The embodiments of the present application can use the benchmark target as a reference to process the surrounding rock point cloud data, provide an accurate benchmark for subsequent operations, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of data processing. The three-dimensional model is established by coordinate transformation to make the tunnel surrounding rock three-dimensionally visible, which helps to intuitively observe the surrounding rock morphology and structure, and provides an effective means for comprehensive deformation analysis. Through a series of data processing steps, including cropping, denoising, resampling and splicing, the data quality can be improved and more accurate deformation values ​​of feature points can be obtained. The formula for calculating the displacement deformation value of the feature point based on the three-dimensional model is scientific and reasonable, which can accurately quantify the deformation characteristics and provide key data for accurately evaluating the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0052] In step S103, the deformation values ​​of the vault and side walls at the cross-section boundary of the aeolian sand tunnel are calculated according to the deformation values ​​of the characteristic points of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel, and an alarm is issued when the deformation value reaches a preset warning condition.

[0053] It is understandable that the shape and position changes of the cross-section boundary directly reflect the deformation state of the tunnel surrounding rock. For example, if the boundary of the side wall moves inward, it may mean that the side wall is squeezed and deformed. The vault is the highest area on the top of the aeolian sand tunnel and is the key part of the tunnel structure that bears the pressure of the upper strata. Its deformation has a great impact on the overall stability of the tunnel and has attracted much attention in monitoring and risk assessment. If the vault undergoes a large deformation, such as sinking or cracking, it may lead to serious safety accidents such as collapse of the tunnel top. Therefore, it is very important to accurately calculate the deformation value of the vault and issue a timely warning. The side wall is located on both sides of the aeolian sand tunnel. The part of the wall perpendicular to the ground mainly bears the surrounding rock pressure from the side of the tunnel. The stability of the side wall also plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the overall structure of the tunnel. The deformation of the side wall may cause problems such as collapse or cracking of the tunnel side wall. During the monitoring process, the deformation values ​​of the side wall at different heights need to be accurately measured and analyzed in order to fully understand the deformation state of the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0054] In the actual implementation process, the deformation values ​​of the vault and side walls at the boundary of each section of the aeolian sand tunnel are calculated first. If they are lower than the threshold, the iterative calculation is stopped and no warning is given for the section. If they exceed or approach the threshold, the section is set as a warning section, and other point cloud data of the section are automatically called to model the section of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0055] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, it also includes: calculating the deformation degree value of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel according to the deformation values ​​of the arch and the side walls; and generating a risk assessment value of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel according to the deformation degree value of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0056] Specifically, the approximate formula for the maximum allowable deformation ω1 of the vault displacement of the aeolian sand tunnel is as follows:

[0057]

[0058] Among them, b0 is the span of the cavern and f is the Proctor coefficient.

[0059] The approximate formula for the maximum allowable deformation ω2 of the side wall displacement of aeolian sand tunnel is as follows:

[0060]

[0061] Where H is the height of the side wall from the arch foot to the bottom plate (m), and f is the Proctor coefficient.

[0062] The calculation formula of the risk assessment value obtained according to the above formula is:

[0063]

[0064] Among them, Δω1 is the displacement deformation value of the arch of the aeolian sand tunnel section, Δω2 is the displacement deformation value of the side wall of the aeolian sand tunnel, ω1 is the maximum allowable displacement deformation of the arch of the aeolian sand tunnel section, and ω2 is the maximum allowable displacement deformation of the side wall of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0065] In some cases, before issuing an alarm, the method further includes: according to the maximum allowable deformation of the vault displacement of the aeolian sand tunnel and the maximum allowable deformation of the side wall displacement of the aeolian sand tunnel, the preset warning condition is matched, and the warning threshold of the embodiment of the present application is set to the maximum allowable deformation of the displacement. The deformation degree of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel can be determined according to the size of the P value. The larger the P value is, the more severe the deformation degree of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel is, and the worse the safety is.

[0066] The embodiment of the present application can give priority to calculating the deformation values ​​of the vault and side walls, can accurately focus on the deformation of key parts, and decide whether to issue an early warning based on the comparison with the threshold, thereby avoiding unnecessary calculations and improving efficiency. Automatically call data modeling to facilitate in-depth analysis of cross-sectional deformation. The maximum allowable deformation of the vault and side wall displacement is calculated through a reasonable formula to provide a basis for setting scientific early warning conditions. Combined with the risk assessment value calculation formula, the impact of deformation of key parts on the overall risk is comprehensively considered to achieve the transformation from deformation value to risk assessment, and the P value is used to intuitively judge the degree of deformation of the surrounding rock, effectively assisting decision-making. The early warning threshold is set reasonably, which can capture risks in a timely manner, ensure the safety of tunnel construction, improve the quality and stability of the project, and promote the scientific management of the risk of aeolian sand tunnel projects.

[0067] According to the real-time monitoring method of surrounding rock deformation of shallow buried aeolian sand tunnel proposed in the embodiment of the present application, the surrounding rock point cloud data can be obtained by scanning the interior of the aeolian sand tunnel with a three-dimensional laser scanner carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle, thereby avoiding the low efficiency and safety hazards caused by the traditional method of fixing equipment or installing tracks and on-site assistance of personnel, and realizing low-cost and high-efficiency data collection to ensure the safety of operators. The deformation value of the characteristic point is obtained by processing the point cloud data based on the benchmark target, which provides a basis for subsequent accurate evaluation. The deformation values ​​of the section boundary vault and side wall are calculated based on the deformation values ​​of the characteristic points and an alarm is given accordingly. Combined with reasonable preset early warning conditions, potential risks can be discovered in time, and effective monitoring and early warning of risks can be achieved to ensure the safety of tunnel construction. At the same time, compared with traditional methods, this solution improves the monitoring efficiency in the entire process, making the monitoring and risk assessment of surrounding rock deformation of aeolian sand tunnels more scientific and efficient, which helps to promote the smooth progress of the construction of aeolian sand tunnel projects and improve the quality and safety of the project.

[0068] Next, a real-time monitoring device for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel proposed in accordance with an embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0069] Figure 2 It is a block diagram of a real-time monitoring device for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0070] like Figure 2 As shown, the real-time monitoring device 10 for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel includes: a scanning module 100, a data processing module 200 and an early warning module 300.

[0071] Specifically, the scanning module 100 is used to scan the interior of the aeolian sand tunnel to obtain point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0072] The data processing module 200 is used to process the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel based on the reference target to obtain the deformation value of the characteristic point of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0073] The early warning module 300 is used to calculate the deformation values ​​of the arch and side walls at the cross-section boundary of the aeolian sand tunnel according to the deformation values ​​of the characteristic points of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel, and to issue an alarm when the deformation values ​​reach the preset early warning conditions.

[0074] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the data processing module 200 includes: a modeling unit and an acquisition unit.

[0075] Among them, the modeling unit is used to process the surrounding rock point cloud data of the aeolian sand tunnel using the benchmark target, so as to establish a three-dimensional model of the aeolian sand tunnel through coordinate transformation.

[0076] The acquisition unit is used to acquire the deformation value of the characteristic point of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel based on the three-dimensional model of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0077] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, before issuing an alarm, it also includes: matching a preset early warning condition according to a maximum allowable deformation value of the vault displacement of the aeolian sand tunnel and a maximum allowable deformation value of the side wall displacement of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0078] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the early warning module 300 includes: a first computing unit and a second computing unit.

[0079] Wherein, the first calculation unit is used to calculate the deformation degree value of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel according to the deformation values ​​of the arch and the side wall.

[0080] The second calculation unit is used to generate a risk assessment value of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel according to the deformation degree value of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0081] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the calculation formula of the risk assessment value is:

[0082]

[0083] Among them, Δω1 is the displacement deformation value of the arch of the aeolian sand tunnel section, Δω2 is the displacement deformation value of the side wall of the aeolian sand tunnel, ω1 is the maximum allowable displacement deformation of the arch of the aeolian sand tunnel section, and ω2 is the maximum allowable displacement deformation of the side wall of the aeolian sand tunnel.

[0084] It should be noted that the above explanation of the embodiment of the real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel is also applicable to the real-time monitoring device for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel of this embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0085] According to the real-time monitoring device for surrounding rock deformation of shallow buried aeolian sand tunnels proposed in the embodiment of the present application, the surrounding rock point cloud data can be obtained by scanning the interior of the aeolian sand tunnel with a three-dimensional laser scanner carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle, thereby avoiding the low efficiency and safety hazards caused by the traditional method of fixing equipment or installing tracks and on-site assistance of personnel, and realizing low-cost and high-efficiency data collection to ensure the safety of operators. The deformation value of the characteristic point is obtained by processing the point cloud data based on the benchmark target, providing a basis for subsequent accurate evaluation. The deformation values ​​of the section boundary vault and side wall are calculated based on the deformation values ​​of the characteristic points and an alarm is given accordingly. Combined with reasonable preset early warning conditions, potential risks can be discovered in time, and effective risk monitoring and early warning can be achieved to ensure the safety of tunnel construction. At the same time, compared with traditional methods, this solution improves the monitoring efficiency in the entire process, making the monitoring and risk assessment of surrounding rock deformation of aeolian sand tunnels more scientific and efficient, which helps to promote the smooth progress of the construction of aeolian sand tunnel projects and improve the quality and safety of the project.

[0086] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The electronic device may include:

[0087] A memory 301 , a processor 302 , and a computer program stored in the memory 301 and executable on the processor 302 .

[0088] When the processor 302 executes the program, the real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel provided in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0089] Furthermore, the electronic device further comprises:

[0090] The communication interface 303 is used for communication between the memory 301 and the processor 302 .

[0091] The memory 301 is used to store computer programs that can be run on the processor 302 .

[0092] The memory 301 may include a high-speed RAM memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory.

[0093] If the memory 301, the processor 302 and the communication interface 303 are implemented independently, the communication interface 303, the memory 301 and the processor 302 can be connected to each other through a bus and communicate with each other. The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 3 Only one thick line is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0094] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 301, the processor 302 and the communication interface 303 are integrated on a chip, the memory 301, the processor 302 and the communication interface 303 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0095] The processor 302 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present application.

[0096] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel.

[0097] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel is implemented.

[0098] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or N embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0099] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0100] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, fragment or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing the steps of a custom logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present application includes alternative implementations in which functions may not be performed in the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by technicians in the technical field to which the embodiments of the present application belong.

[0101] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as an ordered list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch instructions from an instruction execution system, device or apparatus and execute instructions), or in combination with these instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. For the purpose of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transmit a program for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus, or in combination with these instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. More specific examples of computer-readable media (a non-exhaustive list) include the following: an electrical connection with one or N wirings (electronic devices), a portable computer disk box (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a fiber optic device, and a portable compact disk read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer-readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program may be obtained electronically by optically scanning the paper or other medium and then editing, interpreting or processing in other suitable ways as necessary and then storing it in a computer memory.

[0102] It should be understood that the various parts of the present application can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above embodiment, the N steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one or a combination of multiple of the following technologies known in the art: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0103] A person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above-mentioned embodiment may be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment.

[0104] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into a processing module, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated module may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0105] The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc. Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limiting the present application. A person of ordinary skill in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock deformation of a shallowly buried aeolian sand tunnel, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Scan the interior of the Fengshan Tunnel to obtain the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the Fengshan Tunnel; Based on the benchmark target, processing the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel to obtain deformation values ​​of characteristic points of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel; The deformation values ​​of the vault and the side walls at the cross-section boundary of the aeolian sand tunnel are calculated according to the deformation values ​​of the surrounding rock characteristic points of the aeolian sand tunnel, and an alarm is issued when the deformation values ​​reach a preset warning condition according to the deformation values ​​of the vault and the side walls at the cross-section boundary of the aeolian sand tunnel.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of processing the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel based on the benchmark target to obtain deformation values ​​of characteristic points of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel includes: Processing the surrounding rock point cloud data of the aeolian sand tunnel using a reference target to establish a three-dimensional model of the aeolian sand tunnel through coordinate transformation; The deformation values ​​of the characteristic points of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel are obtained based on the three-dimensional model of the aeolian sand tunnel.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the warning is issued, it also includes: The preset warning conditions are matched according to the maximum allowable deformation of the vault displacement of the aeolian sand tunnel and the maximum allowable deformation of the side wall displacement of the aeolian sand tunnel.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes: Calculate the deformation degree value of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel according to the deformation values ​​of the arch and the side walls; A risk assessment value of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel is generated according to the deformation degree value of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the risk assessment value of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel is: Among them, Δω1 is the displacement deformation value of the arch of the aeolian sand tunnel section, Δω2 is the displacement deformation value of the side wall of the aeolian sand tunnel, ω1 is the maximum allowable displacement deformation of the arch of the aeolian sand tunnel section, and ω2 is the maximum allowable displacement deformation of the side wall of the aeolian sand tunnel.

6. A real-time monitoring device for surrounding rock deformation of a shallowly buried aeolian sand tunnel, characterized in that: include: A scanning module is used to scan the interior of the Fengshan tunnel to obtain point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the Fengshan tunnel; A data processing module is used to process the point cloud data of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel based on the reference target to obtain the deformation value of the characteristic point of the surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel; The early warning module is used to calculate the deformation values ​​of the vault and side walls at the cross-section boundary of the aeolian sand tunnel according to the deformation values ​​of the surrounding rock characteristic points of the aeolian sand tunnel, and to issue an alarm when the deformation values ​​reach a preset early warning condition based on the deformation values ​​of the vault and side walls at the cross-section boundary of the aeolian sand tunnel.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that The data processing module comprises: A modeling unit, used for processing the surrounding rock point cloud data of the aeolian sand tunnel by using a reference target, so as to establish a three-dimensional model of the aeolian sand tunnel by coordinate transformation; An acquisition unit is used to acquire deformation values ​​of characteristic points of surrounding rock of the aeolian sand tunnel based on the three-dimensional model of the aeolian sand tunnel.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow buried aeolian sand tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: The program is executed by a processor to implement the real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that The computer program is executed to implement the real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock deformation of a shallow-buried aeolian sand tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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