Delivery teaching aid for obstetrics and gynecology department

Abstract

The invention discloses a delivery teaching aid for gynaecology and obstetrics, which comprises a lower genital tract model and a form change device, the lower genital tract model comprises a vagina and a cervical canal, the front end of the cervical canal is provided with a cervix vagina part, a vagina dome is connected between the cervix vagina part and the vagina, and the form change device comprises a plurality of support arms, a driving module and an air bag. The supporting arm is of a three-connecting-rod structure and comprises a front rod, a middle rod and a rear rod, the front rod is in pivot connection with the middle rod, the middle rod is in pivot connection with the rear rod, the driving module is connected with the rear end of the rear rod, the inner side of the front rod is connected with the outer wall of the cervical canal in a matched mode, and the air bag is connected between the outer side of the front rod and the inner side of the middle rod. The front ends of the front rods and the front ends of the middle rods are connected with the cervix uteri and vagina portion in a matched mode, first elastic restraining rings are connected between the connecting positions of the front rods and the middle rods, and second elastic restraining rings are connected between the connecting positions of the middle rods and the rear rods. The childbirth teaching aid for the obstetrics and gynecology department can truly simulate the shape change of the cervical canal in the childbirth process and is suitable for finger touch training.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a gynecology and obstetrics delivery teaching aid. Background Art

[0002] Obstetrics and gynecology, as a clinical medicine course, has significant practical characteristics, and some teaching contents are highly abstract. At the same time, teaching activities involve women's privacy, which makes it more difficult to ensure the practice opportunities of clinical interns, nursing interns, and newly recruited medical staff. Especially in the process of delivery practice, after labor, under the action of regular uterine contractions, the cervix gradually expands, and when the cervix is ​​almost fully dilated, the edge of the cervix disappears. Through vaginal examination, the position, length, hardness, and tolerance of the cervical canal can be understood, and then the degree of dilation of the cervix and whether there is edema in the cervix can be judged. As the contractions intensify, the fetal presenting part gradually descends. Through vaginal examination, it can be determined whether the fetus can descend smoothly, the degree of descent of the fetal head, the fetal position, the adaptability of the fetal head and pelvis, and whether the umbilical cord is exposed or prolapsed. However, due to limited conditions, it cannot be guaranteed that every clinical intern, nursing intern or new medical staff will have the opportunity to practice vaginal examination, and oral examination items and content cannot replace practical operation. Therefore, traditional teaching methods cannot meet the current urgent learning and mastering needs. Repeated learning and practice on parturients only increases the pain of examination for parturients. At the same time, traditional teaching aids cannot achieve data linkage, and students cannot experience it personally. It is particularly necessary to design an obstetrics and gynecology delivery teaching aid to overcome the current difficulties.

[0003] A Chinese invention patent application discloses a teaching aid for the mechanism of childbirth (CN117218934A), including a buttocks model that wraps a vaginal module, a uterine module, and a pelvic module, a fetal head sub-model placed in the uterine module, and an expansion device is provided on the inner side of the skull cover of the fetal head sub-model, the expansion device includes an expansion component, the expansion component is composed of a plurality of uterine dilation rings that are all arranged in the uterine cervix of the uterine module, a dilation rod that corresponds to and is connected to the dilation ring and is exposed from one side of the inner wall of the uterine module, a connecting rod that is hinged at one end to the end of the dilation rod and hinged at the upper edge of the core block at the other end and tilted upward, and a dilation micro-electric push rod that is disposed obliquely at the side of the core block against the dilation rod at the end, the dilation device is connected to the dilation ring in the uterine module through the dilation rod, and the dilation micro-electric push rod is used to push the dilation rod to open the uterine cervix, while the fetal head sub-model is pushed out of the uterus through the micro-electric push rod, and the whole process is adjusted by the main control circuit board, without manual intervention, and the simulation teaching is more realistic. In addition, the display screen can display parameters such as uterine cervical dilation and cervical canal length changes during the process for students to refer to.

[0004] The above patent document scheme realistically simulates the dilation process of the cervix (cervical opening) during childbirth. However, in reality, the changes in the cervical canal are not only the dilation of the cervical opening, but also the hardness, length, position, etc. of the cervical canal will change. In the above patent scheme, these changes in the cervical canal can only be displayed in the form of data on the display screen, and the teaching effect is weak, especially for finger touch training. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the defects of the prior art mentioned above, the present invention provides a gynecological and obstetric delivery teaching aid, which more realistically simulates the morphological changes of the cervical canal during delivery and can be used for finger touch training.

[0006] The gynecological and obstetric delivery teaching aid of the present invention comprises a lower reproductive tract model made of a flexible material and a morphological change device connected to the lower reproductive tract model. The lower reproductive tract model comprises a vagina and a cervical canal connected to the inner end of the vagina. The front end of the cervical canal has a cervical vaginal part extending forward, and a vaginal vault is connected between the cervical vaginal part and the vagina. The morphological change device comprises a plurality of support arms arranged with annular intervals, a driving module corresponding to the rear ends of the plurality of support arms, and an air bag connected to the front ends of the plurality of support arms. The support arms are a three-link structure, including a front rod, a middle rod, and a rear rod. The front rod is located on the inner side of the middle rod, and the front end of the front rod and the front end of the middle rod pivotally connect. The front end of the middle rod is connected to the cervical vagina and is located on the inner side of the middle rod. The connection between the front rod and the middle rod is a first movable node, the connection between the middle rod and the rear rod is a second movable node, a first elastic tightening ring is connected between the first movable nodes of the plurality of support arms, and a second elastic tightening ring is connected between the second movable nodes of the plurality of support arms.

[0007] At the beginning of the delivery process, the airbag is in an expanded state, and the first elastic contraction ring and the second elastic contraction ring apply a contraction force to the first active nodes and the second active nodes of the multiple support arms to keep the cervical canal in a closed state. When touched, the cervical canal will feel thicker and harder, and the cervical opening will be narrowed or closed. When delivery begins, the rear end of the rear rod is pulled by the driving module to move obliquely backward, and the rear rod drives the middle rod and the front rod to pull obliquely backward. The airbag gradually contracts, and the elastic contraction ring is radially stretched. When touched, the cervical canal will feel gradually shortening, thinning, and softening, and the cervical opening can be felt gradually opening.

[0008] Furthermore, the shape-changing device includes a basin-shaped conical bracket, and a plurality of linear tracks are evenly distributed on the outer conical surface of the conical bracket, and the front ends of the plurality of tracks point to the front end of the conical bracket. The rear end pivot of the rear rod is connected with a movable block, and the movable block cooperates with the track guide movement. The driving module is connected to the movable block and can drive the movable block to move along the track. When driving the movable block to move backward along the track, the rear end of the rear rod can be pulled to move obliquely backward. When driving the movable block to move forward and backward along the track, the driving module uses the first and second elastic tightening rings to keep the overall shape of the support arm stable, so that it can maintain a ring-shaped shape.

[0009] Furthermore, the track is a screw rod, the movable block is a nut matched with the screw rod, and the driving module is a micro servo motor connected to the screw rod. The micro servo motor can drive the screw rod to rotate in forward and reverse directions, thereby driving the nut to move forward and backward. The side wall of the nut and the outer conical surface of the conical bracket cooperate to limit the position, so that the nut will not rotate.

[0010] Furthermore, an opening is provided at the front end center of the conical bracket at the position corresponding to the inner hole of the cervical canal. The obstetrics and gynecology delivery teaching aid also includes a spherical body and an electric push rod arranged on the rear side of the conical bracket. At least the front side of the spherical body is spherical in shape. It can be a whole sphere or a hemisphere, which is used to simulate the head of the fetus. The electric push rod is connected to the spherical body and can drive it to extend forward along the opening and the cervical opening, simulating the state of the fetal head extending from the cervical opening. The position of the fetal head can be judged by touching the fetal head with fingers.

[0011] Furthermore, the airbag is a cylindrical airbag, the airbag has a multi-layer structure along the radial direction, and its radial cross-section is fan-shaped when the airbag is inflated.

[0012] Furthermore, the front rod is a plate-like structure, which can improve the contact and support effect between the inner side of the front rod and the outer wall of the cervical canal, and can reduce the gap between adjacent front rods, so that the shape of the cervical canal is more stable, less prone to local depression problems, and improve the finger touch effect.

[0013] Furthermore, the first active node and the second active node are provided with hanging rings for passing the first elastic tightening ring and the second elastic tightening ring, so as to improve the connection effect between the active node and the elastic tightening ring and make the force more balanced.

[0014] Furthermore, the lower reproductive tract model is made of silicone or rubber and is a tubular structure. The cervical vaginal part and vaginal vault of the lower reproductive tract model are formed by bending and nesting the tubular front part constituting the vagina and the tubular middle part constituting the cervical canal. The tube wall of the cervical canal exerts an axially backward elastic force on the cervical vaginal part, and the elastic force presses the cervical vaginal part backward against the front end of the front rod and the middle rod. In this way, when the rear rod pulls the middle rod and the front rod moves obliquely backward, the cervical vaginal part will gradually retreat and reset from the forward convex state, and the depth of the vaginal vault will gradually decrease accordingly, which can provide a more realistic simulation effect.

[0015] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that compared with the prior art, the obstetrics and gynecology delivery teaching aid of the present invention more realistically simulates the morphological changes of the cervical canal during delivery, is particularly suitable for finger touch training, and can improve the finger touch diagnosis level of clinical interns, nursing interns, and newly employed medical staff. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a morphology changing device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a first use state of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a second use state of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 1 is a structural diagram of a support arm and related components according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The structure of the obstetrics and gynecology delivery teaching aid of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows Figure 1-4As shown, it includes a lower reproductive model made of a flexible material and a morphological change device connected to the lower reproductive tract model, the lower reproductive tract model includes a vagina 11, a cervical canal 12 connected to the inner end of the vagina 11, the front end of the cervical canal 12 has a cervical vaginal part 121 extending forward, and a vaginal vault 13 is connected between the cervical vaginal part 121 and the vagina 11, the morphological change device includes a plurality of support arms arranged with annular intervals, a driving module 31 corresponding to the rear ends of the plurality of support arms, and an air bag 4 connected to the front ends of the plurality of support arms, the support arm is a three-link structure, including a front rod 21, a middle rod 22, and a rear rod 23, the front rod 21 is located on the inner side of the middle rod 22, the front end of the front rod 21 is pivotally connected to the front end of the middle rod 22, and the rear end of the middle rod 22 is pivotally connected to the front end of the rear rod 23 The front and rear ends of the front and rear ends of the rear rods 23 are connected by an axis, the driving module 31 is connected to the rear end of the rear rod 23, the driving module 31 is used to drive the rear end of the rear rod 23 to move obliquely forward and backward, the inner side of the front rod 21 is connected to the outer wall of the cervical canal 12, the airbag 4 is connected between the outer side of the front rod 21 and the inner side of the middle rod 22, the front ends of the front rod 21 and the middle rod 22 are connected to the cervical vaginal part 121 and are located on the inner side of the vaginal vault 13 at the same time, the connection between the front rod 21 and the middle rod 22 is a first active node, the connection between the middle rod and the rear rod is a second active node, a first elastic converging ring 51 is connected between the first active nodes of the plurality of support arms, a second elastic converging ring 52 is connected between the second active nodes of the plurality of support arms, and the diameter of the first elastic converging ring 51 is smaller than the diameter of the second elastic converging ring 52.

[0018] At the beginning of the labor process, Figure 2 As shown, the airbag is in an expanded state, and the first elastic constricting ring 51 and the second elastic constricting ring 52 exert a constricting force on the first active nodes and the second active nodes of the plurality of support arms, so that the cervical canal 12 is kept in a closed state. When touched, the cervical canal 12 will feel thicker and harder, and the cervical opening will be narrowed or closed. When delivery begins, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the rear end of the rear rod 23 is pulled by the driving module to move obliquely backward, and the rear rod drives the middle rod 22 and the front rod 21 to be pulled obliquely backward, the elastic contraction ring is radially stretched, and the airbag 4 gradually contracts. When touched by fingers, the cervical canal 12 can be felt to gradually become shorter, thinner, and softer, and the cervical opening can be felt to gradually open.

[0019] The morphology changing device includes a basin-shaped conical bracket 61, and a plurality of linear tracks are evenly distributed on the outer conical surface of the conical bracket 61, and the front ends of the plurality of tracks point to the front end of the conical bracket 61. The rear end pivot of the rear rod 23 is connected with a movable block, and the movable block cooperates with the track guide movement. The driving module is connected to the movable block and can drive the movable block to move along the track. When driving the movable block to move backward along the track, the rear end of the rear rod 23 can be pulled to move obliquely backward. When driving the movable block to move forward and backward along the track, the driving module uses the first and second elastic tightening rings to keep the overall shape of the support arm stable, so that it can maintain a ring-shaped shape, thereby helping to maintain the structural shape of the cervical canal stable.

[0020] The track is a screw rod 62, the movable block is a nut 63 that matches the screw rod 62, the driving module is a micro servo motor 65 connected to the screw rod 62, the micro servo motor 65 is fixedly mounted on the outer conical surface of the conical bracket 61, and a support block 64 is connected between the front end of the screw rod 62 and the conical bracket 61. The micro servo motor 65 can drive the screw rod 62 to rotate in the forward and reverse directions, thereby driving the nut 63 to move forward and backward. The side wall of the nut 63 and the outer conical surface of the conical bracket 61 cooperate to limit the position, so that the nut 63 will not rotate.

[0021] An opening 611 is provided at the center of the front end of the conical bracket 61 at the position corresponding to the inner hole of the cervical canal 12. The obstetrics and gynecology delivery teaching aid also includes a spherical body 71 and an electric push rod 72 arranged on the rear side of the conical bracket 61. At least the front side of the spherical body 71 is spherical in shape, which can be a whole sphere or a hemisphere, and is used to simulate the head of a fetus. The electric push rod 72 is connected to the spherical body 71 and can be driven to extend forward along the opening 611 and the cervical opening, simulating the state of the fetal head extending from the cervical opening. The position of the fetal head can be determined by touching the fetal head with fingers.

[0022] The airbag 4 is a cylindrical airbag 4 with a multi-layer structure along the radial direction. When the airbag 4 is expanded, its radial cross-section is fan-shaped. The airbag 4 is connected to a micro air pump and an air valve through an air tube to achieve the switching of inflation and deflating of the airbag 4.

[0023] like Figure 1 , 4 As shown, the front rod 21 is a plate-like structure, which can improve the contact and support effect between the inner side of the front rod 21 and the outer wall of the cervical canal 12, and can reduce the gap between adjacent front rods 21, so that the shape of the cervical canal 12 is more stable, less prone to local depression problems, and improve the finger touch effect.

[0024] In order to facilitate the assembly and force application of the first and second elastic tightening rings, the first active node and the second active node are provided with a ring 24 for passing the first elastic tightening ring 51 and the second elastic tightening ring 52. The ring 24 at the first active node can be fixed on the front rod 21 or on the middle rod 22, and the ring 24 at the second active node can be fixed on the middle rod 22 or on the rear rod 23, thereby improving the connection effect between the active node and the elastic tightening ring, making the force more balanced, and preventing the elastic tightening ring from falling off.

[0025] The lower reproductive tract model is made of silicone or rubber to simulate the touch of real skin, and is a tubular structure that imitates the structure of a real human reproductive tract, including a vagina 11 in the front, a cervical canal 12 in the middle, and an anterior uterine segment 14 in the back. The cervical vaginal part 121 and the vaginal vault 13 of the lower reproductive tract model are composed of a cylindrical front part constituting the vagina 11 and a cylindrical middle part constituting the cervical canal 12, which are bent and nested. The front end of the cervical canal 12 is located on the inner side of the rear end of the vagina 11, and the tube wall of the cervical canal 12 applies an axial backward elastic force to the cervical vaginal part 121, which presses the cervical vaginal part 121 backward against the front ends of the front rod 21 and the middle rod 22. In this way, when the rear rod 23 pulls the middle rod 22 and the front rod 21 to move obliquely backward, the cervical vaginal part 121 will gradually retreat and reset from the convex state, and the depth of the vaginal vault 13 will gradually decrease accordingly, which can provide a more realistic simulation effect. In specific implementation, the rear end of the lower reproductive tract model can be tightened obliquely backward and fixed to the inner side of the rear end of the conical support 61 by rivets.

[0026] The above embodiment is only one of the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention. Common changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gynecological and obstetric delivery teaching aid, comprising a lower reproductive tract model made of a flexible material and a morphological change device connected to the lower reproductive tract model, wherein the lower reproductive tract model comprises a vagina, a cervical canal connected to the inner end of the vagina, the front end of the cervical canal has a cervical vaginal part extending forward, and a vaginal vault is connected between the cervical vaginal part and the vagina, characterized in that: The morphology changing device includes a plurality of support arms arranged with annular intervals, a driving module corresponding to the rear ends of the plurality of support arms, and an air bag connected to the front ends of the plurality of support arms. The support arms are of a three-link structure, including a front rod, a middle rod, and a rear rod. The front rod is located on the inner side of the middle rod, the front end of the front rod is pivotally connected to the front end of the middle rod, the rear end of the middle rod is pivotally connected to the front end of the rear rod, the driving module is connected to the rear end of the rear rod, and the driving module is used to drive the rear end of the rear rod to move obliquely forward and backward. The inner side of the front rod is connected to the outer wall of the cervical canal, the air bag is connected between the outer side of the front rod and the inner side of the middle rod, the front ends of the front rod and the middle rod are connected to the vaginal part of the cervix and are located on the inner side of the vaginal vault at the same time, the connection between the front rod and the middle rod is a first active node, the connection between the middle rod and the rear rod is a second active node, a first elastic constricting ring is connected between the first active nodes of the plurality of support arms, and a second elastic constricting ring is connected between the second active nodes of the plurality of support arms.

2. The obstetrics and gynecology delivery teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape-changing device includes a basin-shaped conical bracket, and a plurality of linear tracks are evenly distributed on the outer conical surface of the conical bracket. The front ends of the plurality of tracks point to the front end of the conical bracket. The rear end pivot of the rear rod is connected to a movable block, and the movable block cooperates with the track guide movement. The driving module is connected to the movable block and can drive the movable block to move along the track.

3. The obstetrics and gynecology delivery teaching aid according to claim 2, characterized in that: The track is a lead screw, the movable block is a nut matched with the lead screw, and the driving module is a micro servo motor connected to the lead screw.

4. The obstetrics and gynecology delivery teaching aid according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front end center of the conical support is provided with an opening corresponding to the inner hole of the cervical canal. The obstetrics and gynecology delivery teaching aid also includes a spherical body and an electric push rod arranged on the rear side of the conical support. The electric push rod is connected to the spherical body and can be driven to extend forward along the opening and the cervical opening.

5. The obstetrics and gynecology delivery teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airbag is a cylindrical airbag with a multi-layer structure along the radial direction. When the airbag is expanded, its radial cross section is fan-shaped.

6. The obstetrics and gynecology delivery teaching aid according to claim 5, characterized in that: The front rod is a plate-shaped structure.

7. The obstetrics and gynecology delivery teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first active node and the second active node are provided with hanging rings for passing the first elastic tightening ring and the second elastic tightening ring.

8. The obstetrics and gynecology delivery teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower reproductive tract model is made of silicone or rubber and has a tubular structure. The cervical vaginal part and vaginal vault of the lower reproductive tract model are composed of a cylindrical front part constituting the vagina and a cylindrical middle part constituting the cervical canal, which are bent and nested. The wall of the cervical canal exerts an axial backward elastic force on the cervical vaginal part, and the elastic force presses the cervical vaginal part backward at the front end of the front rod and the middle rod.

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