Hydrogen fuel cell intake air filtering device and vehicle
By designing a hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device with detachable filter element components and multiple sets of filter parts, the problem of fuel cell performance degradation in the prior art is solved, and the filtering capacity is adjusted according to different environments and vehicle performance is improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510284949.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-06
AI Technical Summary
The cathode air intake air filter of existing hydrogen fuel cell vehicles cannot be replaced and cannot adapt to the air components of different working environments, resulting in a degradation of fuel cell performance.
A hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device is designed including a housing and a removably mounted filter element assembly, the filter element assembly comprising at least two sets of filter elements, which can replace different filter element components or adjust the installation order of the filter element according to different environments.
By replacing different filter element components or adjusting the installation order of the filter parts, it is possible to filter different off-vehicle air components to keep the gas entering the fuel cell pure and improve vehicle performance.
Smart Images
Figure CN119943994A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device and a vehicle. Background Art
[0002] At present, the cathode air intake air filter adsorption and filtration device of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is mainly composed of filter element structures, shell structures, gas transmission connection pipelines, etc. such as single-stage non-woven fabric adsorption carriers and microporous honeycomb aluminum coating adsorption carriers, to achieve the function of delivering clean, dry and sufficient air to the cathode intake of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Among them, the adsorption and filtration function of the air filter adsorption and filtration device is a direct factor affecting the reliable and durable performance indicators of the whole vehicle.
[0003] Existing single-stage adsorption carriers are difficult to meet the needs of synergistic adsorption of multi-component pollutants. For example, non-woven fabrics mainly remove particulate matter through physical interception and electrostatic adsorption. Their porosity is generally between 80% and 92%, and the filtration efficiency for solid particles with a particle size greater than 5μm can reach 99.5%, but the specific surface area is usually less than 10m 2 / g, the chemical adsorption capacity is limited. After the microporous honeycomb aluminum-based carrier is coated with alumina, the specific surface area can be increased to 50-150m 2 / g, although adsorbents loaded by chemical impregnation method (such as K2CO3 or Ca(OH)2) can neutralize acidic gases (SO2, NOx, etc.), there are problems such as uneven distribution of active components and limited effective loading (usually <20wt%). More importantly, pollutants of different chemical properties need to match specific adsorption mechanisms: polar gases (such as NH3, H2S) are suitable for pore size screening adsorption of molecular sieves, non-polar VOCs (benzene, formaldehyde, etc.) need to rely on van der Waals force adsorption of activated carbon, and acidic / alkaline gases require acid-base neutralization reaction. The existing single-stage structure cannot achieve the gradient distribution of adsorption sites and the compartmentalized design of chemical environment, resulting in significant competitive adsorption phenomenon. When NH3 (pKa=9.25) and SO2 (pKa=1.81) exist in the environment at the same time, the alkaline adsorbent will react with the strong acid gas first, causing the alkaline gas penetration rate to increase by more than 37%.
[0004] According to environmental adaptability research, regional air quality differences have a significant impact on filter life. According to the 2022 air pollutant monitoring data of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, the annual average concentration of PM2.5 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region reached 38μg / m 3 , among which secondary inorganic ions (SO4 2- 、NO3 - NH4 +) accounts for more than 60%; while the number of days with excessive ozone concentrations in the Pearl River Delta accounts for 21.3%, with aldehydes and ketones (36.7%) and aromatic hydrocarbons (28.4%) being the main VOCs. This difference in components causes filters with fixed adsorption materials to exhibit differentiated failure modes in different regions: in industrial areas, the main cause is saturation of the acid gas adsorbent (failure in about 600-800 hours), while in agricultural areas, the primary factor is exhaustion of ammonia adsorption capacity (failure in about 400-600 hours). The fixed filter element packaging structure used in existing technologies makes it impossible for operators to adjust the adsorption medium ratio according to actual working conditions, resulting in a "barrel effect" in a complex pollution environment, and the overall service life is reduced by 42%-65% compared to the theoretical value.
[0005] From the perspective of maintenance economy, the non-replaceable filter element design significantly increases the life cycle cost. Taking a typical 30kW fuel cell system as an example, the current integral air filter replacement cost accounts for about 55% of the auxiliary system maintenance cost, and the frequency of unplanned downtime due to filter element failure is as high as 2.3 times / 10,000 hours. Comparative studies show that under the same operating conditions, the use of a modular replaceable adsorption unit design can reduce maintenance costs by 62%, but the existing technology is limited by the housing sealing structure (IP67 protection level requirements) and the reliability of the quick connector (need to withstand 20-100Hz vibration loads), making it difficult to achieve rapid on-site replacement. What's more serious is that the discarded integral filter element contains a variety of chemical adsorbents (such as transition metal oxides, alkaline compounds, etc.), and its disposal must be carried out in accordance with hazardous waste management standards. The cost of a single piece of disposal is as high as 3-4 times that of a conventional industrial filter element.
[0006] At present, the filter element material and cost in the cathode air intake filter device of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are fixed. After production is completed, the internal filter material is permanently sealed. Since the working environment of the vehicle may need to be switched frequently, the air composition and pollutants contained in the air in different regions will change greatly. The types of pollutants include impurities, alkaline gases, acidic gases, polar gases and non-polar gases. Different polluted gases require filter elements of different materials for targeted adsorption. Filter elements with a single adsorption property cannot meet the above-mentioned more complex chemical properties of gases, resulting in the oxygen entering the hydrogen fuel cell being mixed with air of different properties, reducing the performance indicators of the vehicle and even affecting the vehicle's power, while shortening the vehicle's maintenance cycle. Summary of the invention
[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device and vehicle to solve the problem that the cathode air intake air filter of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle cannot be replaced under the prior art, which causes the fuel cell performance to decline when facing the air in different working environments.
[0008] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a preferred embodiment, comprising a housing, a filter element assembly is installed in the housing, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe are installed on both sides of the filter element assembly, an installation cavity is provided in the housing, the filter element assembly is installed in the installation cavity, the filter element assembly comprises at least two groups of filter elements, and the filter elements are detachably installed in the installation cavity;
[0009] The shell comprises a first docking shell and a second docking shell, the first docking shell and the second docking shell are plugged into each other, the first docking shell is provided with the installation cavity, the first docking shell is installed with the air inlet pipe, and the second docking shell is installed with the exhaust pipe.
[0010] Preferably, the filter element is provided with pores, and the diameters of the pores gradually decrease along the gas flow direction.
[0011] Preferably, a heating component is installed in the shell, the heating component is electrically connected to a power source, the heating component can generate heat through eddy currents, the heating component is connected to a thermal conductor, and the thermal conductor is inserted between the filter element assembly and the shell.
[0012] Preferably, the thermal conductor is barrel-shaped, the filter element assembly is installed in the thermal conductor, and the heating assembly includes an iron pipe, which is connected to the thermal conductor via a rectifier tube.
[0013] Preferably, a sealing sleeve is installed in the shell, and the thermal conductor is installed in the sealing sleeve.
[0014] Preferably, an internal thread is formed in the thermal conductor, an external thread is formed on the filter element, and the filter element is screwed into the thermal conductor.
[0015] Preferably, the air intake pipe is externally connected to an auxiliary pipe, a first damper is rotatably mounted on the pipe wall of the air intake pipe, and a second damper is rotatably mounted on the pipe wall of the auxiliary pipe.
[0016] Preferably, the shell is made of PP or non-metallic material.
[0017] Preferably, a temperature sensor is installed on the thermal conductor, the temperature sensor is electrically connected to a current controller, the current controller can adjust the power supply current, and the power supply is electrically connected to the heating component through the current controller.
[0018] A vehicle comprises the hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device described above, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device is installed on the air intake port of the vehicle.
[0019] Beneficial effect: After the first docking shell and the second docking shell are separated, the filter element assembly therein can be taken out and replaced. When the vehicle faces different driving working environments, by replacing different filter element assemblies, different outside air can be filtered to keep the gas entering the fuel cell pure, thereby improving the performance of the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device of the present invention.
[0021] In the figure: 1, shell; 11, first docking shell; 12, second docking shell; 2, filter element; 3, air inlet pipe; 31, first damper; 4, exhaust pipe; 5, installation cavity; 6, heat conductor; 7, iron pipe; 8, sealing sleeve; 9, auxiliary pipe; 91, second damper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.
[0023] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0024] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.
[0025] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc., directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.
[0026] The hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device under the existing technology is in a closed state. After the air enters the hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device, it will first be filtered through a dustproof net, and then the harmful components in the air, such as alkaline gas, acidic gas, polar gas and non-polar gas, will be filtered, so that the air that finally enters the fuel cell is pure oxygen. If different filter element assemblies can filter the harmful components in the air, but it is necessary to adjust the order of the filter elements according to the harmful components and the size of the different gas proportions. If the order of the filter elements is wrong, it will also cause some harmful gases in the air to not be filtered out, resulting in a reduction in the power generation capacity of the fuel cell and shortening the vehicle's endurance.
[0027] In order to solve the above problems, Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device, including a housing 1, a filter element assembly is installed in the housing 1, an air intake pipe 3 and an exhaust pipe 4 are installed on both sides of the filter element assembly, a mounting cavity 5 is provided in the housing 1, the filter element assembly is installed in the mounting cavity 5, the filter element assembly includes at least two groups of filter elements 2, the filter elements 2 are detachably installed in the mounting cavity 5, and different filter elements 2 have different filtering capabilities. Usually, the filter element 2 that the air contacts first is the filter element 2 that filters impurities in the air and can intercept dust in the air. The subsequent filter elements 2 can filter gases of different chemical properties. The air intake pipe 3 is installed at the front end of the vehicle to receive air from the front side of the vehicle, and the air outlet pipe is connected to the fuel cell in the vehicle to provide power for the vehicle.
[0028] The housing 1 of the present invention is circular, wherein the housing 1 comprises a first docking shell 11 and a second docking shell 12, the first docking shell 11 and the second docking shell 12 are plugged into each other, a mounting cavity 5 is provided in the first docking shell 11, an air intake pipe 3 is installed on the first docking shell 11, and an exhaust pipe 4 is installed on the second docking shell 12.
[0029] The first docking shell 11 and the second docking shell 12 of the present invention are usually connected by plugging, and can also be connected by threading, or a rotating door is opened on the shell 1. When the door is opened, the internal filter 2 can be taken out to achieve replacement of the filter 2.
[0030] If the shell 1 is divided into a first docking shell 11 and a second docking shell 12, the first docking shell 11 and the second docking shell 12 can be separated, and then the internal filter element assembly can be taken out. When the working environment of the vehicle changes, different filter element assemblies can be replaced according to different working environments, or the installation order of the filter element 2 inside the filter element assembly can be changed, so that the filtering capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device can be changed according to different air components, so that the air entering therein can be kept pure after being filtered, and the gas entering the fuel cell can not be mixed with other impurities, so that the power generation of the fuel cell can be more sufficient and the power can be stably transmitted to the motor.
[0031] During the gas flow process, it needs to pass through different numbers of filters 2. In order to facilitate the flow of air, pores are opened on the filter 2. Along the gas flow direction, the pore diameter gradually decreases. The pore diameter of the filter 2 that first contacts the air is the largest, which can reduce the resistance faced by the air. After the air passes through the filter element assembly, the previous flow rate can be retained, and a full reaction can be carried out in the hydrogen fuel cell. After that, the diameter of the pore gradually decreases, and the kinetic energy of the gas is retained to the maximum extent, so that the hydrogen fuel cell can achieve the most efficient power generation capacity and provide the maximum power for the vehicle.
[0032] A heating component is installed in the housing 1 of the present invention. The heating component is electrically connected to a power source and can generate heat through eddy currents. The heating component is connected to a thermal conductor 6 , and the thermal conductor 6 is inserted between the filter element component and the housing 1 .
[0033] The filter element 2 used in the present invention will gradually lose its filtering ability after a period of filtration. In order to ensure that the previous filtering ability is restored, the filter element assembly can be heated so that the filter element assembly can restore its previous filtering ability, reduce the number of replacement times of the filter element assembly, extend the maintenance time, and thus reduce the cost of use.
[0034] The heat conductor 6 is barrel-shaped, the filter element assembly is installed in the heat conductor 6, and the heating assembly includes an iron pipe 7, which is connected to the heat conductor 6 through a rectifier tube. Current is passed through the iron pipe 7 to enable the iron pipe 7 to be eddy-current heated, and then the heat generated by the iron pipe 7 will be transferred to the heat conductor 6 through the rectifier tube. The filter element assembly is installed in the heat conductor 6, and the heated heat conductor 6 heats the filter element assembly to cause the chemical substances in the filter element assembly to undergo redox reactions, restore the previous filtering capacity, and enable the filter element assembly to be repeatedly used, reducing the number of times the filter element assembly is replaced. The regeneration function of improving the adsorption performance of the adsorption filter module carrier coating can be realized autonomously as needed in the idling condition of the vehicle.
[0035] A sealing sleeve 8 is installed in the housing 1, and a heat conductor 6 is installed in the sealing sleeve 8. By installing the sealing sleeve 8 in the installation cavity 5, air is prevented from passing through the gap between the side wall of the housing 1 and the heat conductor 6. The heat conductor 6 is provided with a perforation, and the air will enter the filter element assembly after passing through the perforation, so that the filter element assembly can filter the air entering the vehicle from outside, so that the air entering the fuel cell can be completely filtered to avoid damage to the fuel cell. The heat conductor 6 of the present invention is in a detachable installation form. If the filtering capacity of the filter element 2 does not need to be restored by redox, a thicker sealing sleeve 8 can be replaced so that the filter element 2 is directly in contact with the sealing sleeve 8. The sealing sleeve 8 can also be provided with an internal thread so that the filter element 2 can be screwed and fixed on the internal thread of the sealing sleeve 8.
[0036] The shell 1 of the present invention is cylindrical, with an internal thread formed in the thermal conductor 6, and an external thread is formed on the filter element 2. The filter element 2 is disc-shaped and can be manually rotated into the thermal conductor 6 during installation. Thereafter, different types of filter elements 2 can be installed in the thermal conductor 6 according to the working environment of the vehicle, thereby realizing dynamic adjustment of the filter element assembly and facilitating subsequent replacement.
[0037] If the shell 1 is rectangular, the hatch is opened on the side of the shell 1, and then different types of filter elements 2 are inserted into the installation cavity 5 therein. The insertion is performed in the set order, and the type of filter element 2 can be flexibly adjusted to achieve different filtering effects.
[0038] The present invention is usually installed with three groups of filter elements 2, wherein the structure of the three groups of filter elements 2 is a microporous honeycomb aluminum carrier combined adsorption filtration module, which can realize the coating of the corresponding quantitative micron-level particle specific surface area according to the physical and chemical properties and quantitative proportion of gas impurities in the air, thereby achieving the adsorption function target.
[0039] The air intake pipe 3 is externally connected to an auxiliary pipe 9 , a first damper 31 is rotatably mounted on the pipe wall of the air intake pipe 3 , and a second damper 91 is rotatably mounted on the pipe wall of the auxiliary pipe 9 .
[0040] An auxiliary pipe 9 is installed on the intake pipe 3, and the intake volume of the hydrogen fuel cell intake filter device can be increased through the auxiliary pipe 9, wherein the first damper 31 can control the opening of the intake pipe 3, and the second damper 91 can control the opening of the auxiliary pipe 9. If the weather changes, the air intake of the first damper 31 and the second damper 91 can be manually adjusted. The first damper 31 and the second damper 91 can be installed on a motor, and the rotation angle of the first damper 31 and the second damper 91 can be controlled by the rotation of the motor. The motor is electrically connected to the vehicle controller, and the controller can analyze the working environment of the vehicle through the sensing radar and camera on the outside of the vehicle. The controller can automatically adjust the rotation angle of the motor, so that the first damper 31 and the second damper 91 can automatically adjust the opening according to different working environments, thereby controlling the air intake volume to achieve automatic control.
[0041] In order to ensure the preheating effect, the shell 1 of the hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device adopts PP, PE / PA non-metallic materials with good thermal insulation performance or corresponding thermal insulation structure, which can better retain temperature and reduce heat loss. It can transfer all the eddy current heat generated by the iron pipe 7 to the thermal conductor 6, and can heat the filter element 2 while also heating the air entering the shell 1.
[0042] The heat conductor 6 of the present invention is provided with a temperature sensor, which is electrically connected to a current controller. The current controller can adjust the current of the power supply, and the power supply is electrically connected to the heating component through the current controller.
[0043] The temperature on the thermal conductor 6 can be detected by the temperature sensor. If the temperature is too high, the current delivered by the power supply can be reduced by the current controller. Generally, the current is suppressed by increasing the resistance. If the temperature is too low, the current delivered by the power supply can be increased by the current controller. The current entering the iron pipe 7 can be increased by reducing the resistance or increasing the voltage, thereby improving the heating capacity and enabling the thermal conductor 6 to quickly reach the target temperature.
[0044] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a housing (1), a filter element assembly is installed in the housing (1), an air inlet pipe (3) and an air outlet pipe (4) are installed on both sides of the filter element assembly respectively, an installation cavity (5) is provided in the housing (1), the filter element assembly is installed in the installation cavity (5), the filter element assembly comprises at least two groups of filter elements (2), and the filter elements (2) are detachably installed in the installation cavity (5); The housing (1) comprises a first docking shell (11) and a second docking shell (12); the first docking shell (11) and the second docking shell (12) are plugged into each other; the first docking shell (11) is provided with the mounting cavity (5); the first docking shell (11) is provided with the air intake pipe (3); and the second docking shell is provided with the air exhaust pipe (4).
2. The hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter element (2) is provided with air holes, and the diameter of the air holes gradually decreases along the gas flow direction.
3. The hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heating component is installed in the housing (1), the heating component is electrically connected to a power source, the heating component can generate heat through eddy currents, the heating component is connected to a thermal conductor (6), and the thermal conductor (6) is inserted between the filter element component and the housing (1).
4. The hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat conductor (6) is barrel-shaped, the filter element assembly is installed in the heat conductor (6), and the heating assembly comprises an iron pipe (7), and the iron pipe (7) is connected to the heat conductor (6) through a rectifier tube.
5. The hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A sealing sleeve (8) is installed in the housing (1), and the thermal conductor (6) is installed in the sealing sleeve (8).
6. The hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device according to claim 4, characterized in that: An internal thread is formed in the thermal conductor (6), an external thread is formed on the filter element (2), and the filter element (2) is screwed into the thermal conductor (6).
7. The hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake pipe (3) is externally connected to an auxiliary pipe (9), a first damper (31) is rotatably mounted on the pipe wall of the air intake pipe (3), and a second damper (91) is rotatably mounted on the pipe wall of the auxiliary pipe (9).
8. The hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell (1) is made of PP or non-metallic material.
9. The hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A temperature sensor is installed on the thermal conductor (6), and the temperature sensor is electrically connected to a current controller. The current controller can adjust the current of the power supply, and the power supply is electrically connected to the heating component through the current controller.
10. A vehicle, characterized in that: It comprises the hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell air intake filter device is installed on the air intake port of a vehicle.