Internet of Things data routing method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses an Internet of Things data routing method and system, and aims to solve the problem of interoperability of Internet of Things equipment caused by diversity of communication protocols. Through the routing algorithm based on the attribute information, the intelligent routing decision of the data packet is realized, and the flexibility and adaptability of the network are improved. The method comprises the following steps: extracting data attribute information by a sending node, deciding a routing link by adopting a preset routing algorithm, encapsulating a data packet, and sending the data packet to a next node through a physical interface. According to the method, the deployment cost is reduced, the network architecture is simplified, the method is suitable for various network environments, and efficient, safe and reliable data transmission support is provided for development of the Internet of Things technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for data routing of an Internet of Things, and also relates to a system for implementing the method, belonging to the technical field of the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] The Internet of Things (IoT) network consists of multiple small autonomous networks that are interconnected through different communication protocols such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Zigbee. Due to the diversity of communication protocols, direct communication between different networks becomes difficult, limiting the interoperability of devices. Traditional routing mechanisms based on destination addresses, such as the destination IP address in IP networks, rely on fixed address information and are difficult to adapt to protocol differences and dynamic changes in devices in heterogeneous network environments. These limitations have hindered the further development of IoT technology.

[0003] A Chinese patent application with publication number CN106209968A discloses a middleware technology for intelligent integration of IoT data. The middleware includes a communication protocol identification module, a communication protocol conversion module, a communication protocol rule base module, and a communication data comprehensive integration module. The communication protocol identification module is responsible for receiving Internet communication data and completing the identification of the communication protocol; the communication protocol conversion module converts the format of the identified communication data; finally, the converted data is uploaded or displayed to the on-site management personnel through the communication data comprehensive integration module.

[0004] However, this technology is a physical device, and its cost is higher than that of a virtual overlay network. This means that in practical applications, this physical middleware may not be widely adopted due to cost issues, especially in situations where large-scale deployment of IoT devices is required. Summary of the invention

[0005] The primary technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for Internet of Things data routing.

[0006] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a system for Internet of Things data routing.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a method for routing Internet of Things data is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1: The sending node searches the original data for key information used for routing decisions and extracts attribute information from it;

[0010] S2: The sending node uses a preset routing algorithm to make routing decisions based on the extracted attribute information and presets the routing link;

[0011] S3: The sending node encapsulates the original data and the extracted attribute information into a data packet format suitable for the selected transmission medium;

[0012] S4: The sending node selects the corresponding physical interface according to the preset routing link and sends the encapsulated data packet to the next node; if the preset routing link includes a forwarding node, proceed to step S5; if the preset routing link does not include a forwarding node, proceed to step S9;

[0013] S5: The forwarding node receives the encapsulated data packet, decapsulates it, and extracts the original data and attribute information;

[0014] S6: The forwarding node uses the routing algorithm again according to the extracted attribute information to make a new routing decision;

[0015] S7: The forwarding node re-encapsulates the original data and the attribute information into a data packet, wherein the encapsulation format is adapted to the selected transmission medium;

[0016] S8: The forwarding node selects the corresponding physical interface according to the preset routing link and sends the re-encapsulated data packet to the next node; if the next node is still a forwarding node, steps S5 to S8 are repeated; if the next node is a data processing node, step S9 is entered;

[0017] S9: The data processing node receives the data packet, decapsulates it, and extracts the original data and attribute information;

[0018] S10: The data processing node sends the original data to the corresponding application and / or service according to the preset routing link;

[0019] S11: The application and / or service receives the original data and completes data processing and response.

[0020] Preferably, the attribute information includes any one or more of the geographical location of the device, the data type, the environmental parameters, the role of the sender, and the authority of the sender.

[0021] Preferably, the routing algorithm uses attribute information to determine the next node to which the data needs to be delivered, the corresponding transmission medium and the physical address of the next node.

[0022] Preferably, the routing algorithm includes the following sub-steps:

[0023] S21: Establish an attribute set, each attribute maps data to a corresponding attribute value, and defines a value range for each attribute value;

[0024] S22: combining one and / or more attributes and their corresponding attribute values ​​into a predicate expression of attribute information;

[0025] S23: combining a predicate expression and information of a next hop node into a routing table entry;

[0026] S24: combining multiple routing table entries into a routing table;

[0027] S25: In the order of the routing table, use the attributes of the current data packet to evaluate the predicate expression of each routing table item in turn; if a predicate expression is satisfied, forward the current data packet to the corresponding next-hop node address through the transmission medium specified in the routing table item; if all predicate expressions in the routing table are not satisfied, discard the current data packet.

[0028] Preferably, during the encapsulation process, the data is encoded, encrypted and / or header information is added.

[0029] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a system for Internet of Things data routing is provided, comprising a processor and a memory; wherein the memory is coupled to the processor and is used to store a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor implements the above method.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention realizes efficient interconnection and intercommunication between different communication protocol devices in the Internet of Things by constructing an overlay network and adopting a preset routing algorithm, which significantly improves the flexibility and adaptability of the network. The corresponding routing algorithm dynamically optimizes the data transmission path by intelligently analyzing the key attributes of the data packet, such as geographic location, data type, environmental parameters, etc., enhances the interoperability of the network, and reduces the coupling between communication nodes, so that new devices can easily join or leave the network. At the same time, the invention integrates security measures such as encoding, encryption and adding header information in the data encapsulation process to ensure the security of data transmission. In addition, by constructing an overlay network and a control plane, the present invention provides a unified routing mechanism, which enables the network to flexibly adjust its operation according to real-time conditions and policy requirements to maintain optimal performance and stability, providing strong technical support for the widespread application and development of Internet of Things technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the Internet of Things network architecture for implementing the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2A flow chart of a method for Internet of Things data routing provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a load balancing guarantee scenario in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is an example diagram of a simplified content-centric network in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a system for Internet of Things data routing provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical content of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] First embodiment

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the Internet of Things network architecture used to implement the present invention consists of three core parts: infrastructure (Network Infrastructure), overlay network (Overlay Network) and control plane (Control Plane).

[0039] First of all, infrastructure refers to the existing network infrastructure and various IoT devices in the Internet of Things. These devices are connected to their respective gateways through different communication protocols, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc. The role of the gateway is to connect these devices to the IP network so that they can send data or receive requests. However, since these IoT devices use a variety of different communication protocols, it is difficult for them to communicate directly even if they are physically connected. This diversity of communication protocols leads to network interoperability issues, limiting the overall performance and functional expansion of the IoT network.

[0040] Secondly, an overlay network is a virtual network built on top of the infrastructure, which provides a common abstraction layer for different autonomous networks. The physical network is responsible for the actual data transmission, while the overlay network is responsible for higher-level functions such as routing decisions and data encapsulation. By introducing an overlay network, the underlying network can be abstracted on top of the physical network, providing a unified routing mechanism, thereby enhancing the flexibility and scalability of the network.

[0041] Finally, the control plane, as the management and control center of the overlay network, is responsible for collecting physical topology information of the infrastructure, performance indicators of devices and links, and the health of devices. Based on this real-time data, combined with the network policies configured by the administrator and the current network status, the control plane generates corresponding forwarding rules for each device in the network. Through this centralized management and regulation, the control plane can dynamically adjust the routing policy of the network to improve the efficiency and reliability of the network. In short, the control plane ensures that the network can flexibly adjust its operations according to real-time conditions and policy requirements to maintain optimal performance and stability.

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, based on the above-mentioned Internet of Things network architecture, a method for Internet of Things data routing provided by the first embodiment of the present invention at least includes the following steps:

[0043] S1: The sending node looks for key information for routing decisions in the original data and extracts attribute information from it.

[0044] S2: The sending node uses a preset routing algorithm to make routing decisions based on the extracted attribute information and presets the routing link.

[0045] S3: The sending node encapsulates the original data and the extracted attribute information into a data packet format suitable for the selected transmission medium.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present invention, before sending data, the sending node needs to encapsulate the original data and attribute information into a format suitable for the selected transmission medium. This encapsulation process includes three key steps:

[0047] (1) Encoding: Perform necessary conversion on data to adapt to specific transmission media.

[0048] (2) Encryption: To protect data security and prevent unauthorized access during transmission.

[0049] (3) Add header information: including metadata such as source address and destination address to ensure that the data packet can be routed and processed correctly.

[0050] In summary, the encapsulation process not only involves packaging data and attribute information into a format suitable for transmission, but also ensures the security and identifiability of the data, and meets these requirements by encoding, encrypting, and adding header information. These steps together ensure that data can be transmitted efficiently and securely in the IoT network.

[0051] S4: The sending node selects the corresponding physical interface according to the preset routing link and sends the encapsulated data packet to the next node.

[0052] If the preset routing link includes a forwarding node, the process proceeds to step S5. If the preset routing link does not include a forwarding node, the process proceeds to step S9.

[0053] S5: The forwarding node receives the encapsulated data packet, decapsulates it, and extracts the original data and attribute information therein.

[0054] S6: The forwarding node uses the routing algorithm again according to the extracted attribute information to make a new routing decision.

[0055] S7: The forwarding node re-encapsulates the original data and attribute information into a data packet, wherein the encapsulation format is adapted to the selected transmission medium.

[0056] S8: The forwarding node selects the corresponding physical interface according to the preset routing link and sends the re-encapsulated data packet to the next node.

[0057] If the next node is still a forwarding node, steps S5 to S8 are repeated. If the next node is a data processing node, step S9 is entered.

[0058] S9: The data processing node receives the data packet, decapsulates it, and extracts the original data and attribute information.

[0059] S10: The data processing node sends the original data to the corresponding application program and / or service according to the preset routing link.

[0060] S11: The application and / or service receives the original data and completes data processing and response.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, the attributes mentioned in step S1 include, but are not limited to, any one or more of the geographical location of the device, the data type, the environmental parameters, the role of the sender, and the authority of the sender. These attributes will be used for subsequent routing selection to ensure that the data can be transmitted according to the expected strategy.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the preset routing algorithm uses attribute information to determine the next node to which the data needs to be delivered, the corresponding transmission medium and the physical address of the next node, and is therefore also referred to as a routing algorithm based on attribute information.

[0063] The routing algorithm provided by the embodiment of the present invention is based on attribute information, which allows the routing selection in the network to become more flexible. Specifically, this routing decision depends on the attributes of the data packet, such as the type, priority and content of the data packet, and the attributes of the device, such as function, geographical location and energy consumption status. The routing algorithm reduces the coupling between communication nodes, making it easier for new devices to join or leave the network. At the same time, it can also dynamically optimize the data transmission path according to the real-time status of the network and business needs.

[0064] The key to this routing algorithm is to attach attribute information to each data packet. Each node in the network will determine the forwarding path of the data packet based on this attribute information and the routing rules it maintains. The routing rules consist of attribute matching conditions and corresponding forwarding actions. When a node receives a data packet, it will match the attributes of the data packet with the routing rules to select the most appropriate next-hop node for forwarding.

[0065] Through this preset routing algorithm, data packets can be flexibly routed according to their own attributes. Devices can determine the transmission path of data packets based on the specific characteristics of the data, such as priority or destination. Such a routing mechanism improves the adaptability and efficiency of the network, making data transmission more efficient and reliable.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present invention, the routing algorithm specifically includes the following sub-steps:

[0067] S21: Establish an attribute set, each attribute maps data to a corresponding attribute value, and defines a value range for each attribute value.

[0068] When building a set of attributes, you first need to define a set of attributes that describe the key characteristics and transmission requirements of the data packet. Each attribute maps data to corresponding attribute values ​​and defines a range of values ​​for these attribute values. For example, attributes can include the device's geographic location, data type, environmental parameters, the sender's role and permissions, etc.

[0069] It should be noted that, in step S21, the value range of each attribute value depends on the actual scenario, and the present invention is not limited to this.

[0070] S22: Combine one and / or more attributes and their corresponding attribute values ​​into a predicate expression of the attribute information.

[0071] Combine one or more attributes and their corresponding attribute values ​​into a predicate expression of attribute information. A predicate expression is a logical expression that describes specific attributes of a data packet and the conditions that these attributes should satisfy. For example, a predicate expression might be "the data type is temperature and the location is office." Predicate expressions can contain logical operators such as AND, OR, and NOT to implement more complex conditional judgments.

[0072] S23: Combine a predicate expression and information of a next-hop node into a routing table entry.

[0073] The predicate expression indicates the conditions that must be met for the routing table entry to take effect. The next-hop node information specifies the transmission medium type and physical address of the next node to which the data needs to be forwarded when the condition is met. Depending on the protocol type used by the device, the address of the next-hop node can be an IP address in the Internet, an IEEE 802.15.4 address in a Zigbee network, etc.

[0074] S24: Combine multiple routing table entries into a routing table.

[0075] The routing table is a collection of routing entries, each of which contains a predicate expression and the corresponding next-hop node information.

[0076] S25: In the order of the routing table, the attributes of the current data packet are used to evaluate the predicate expression of each routing table entry in turn. If a predicate expression is satisfied, the current data packet is forwarded to the corresponding next-hop node address through the transmission medium specified in the routing table entry. If all predicate expressions in the routing table are not satisfied, the current data packet is discarded.

[0077] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a load balancing guarantee scenario in an embodiment of the present invention. In this load balancing guarantee scenario, the routing goal is to transmit data to the destination server. The network policy PolicySet lb , network topology information G lb (N,E,BW,LA,NA) and network traffic demand TD lb . Network Policy PolicySet lb It is required to transfer data of type=video to the node with attribute service=video. Network topology information G lb In the example, nodes 1 and 2 are connected to forwarding node 3, and the bandwidth can meet the bandwidth requirements of nodes 1 and 2, that is, the routing focuses on the connection on the right side of node 3. If any of the edges carries a large amount of traffic, the connection will be overloaded. Network traffic demand TD lbA special network demand scenario is set in the network. The demand can only be met by sending demand 1 to node 5 through the fourth connection and demand 2 to node 4 through the third connection.

[0078] This also reflects the role of the predicate expression, that is, to meet the traffic demand, it is necessary to make conditional judgments on the edges with bandwidth and delay. td Refer to the routing table shown in Table 1. In the network policy PolicySet lb In the example, the type attribute of the data packet is video, and the type attribute of the route it can forward is also video. Therefore, the predicate expression needs to satisfy (type == service == video) so that the route can be forwarded. Each edge connected to a node is an entry in the routing table.

[0079] Table 1: Routing table of node 1

[0080] Route Name Bandwith Latency Type Route 1 100 1 video

[0081] It should be noted that the routing algorithm mentioned in step S6 is the same as the routing algorithm adopted by the sending node in step S2, and the present invention will not be described in detail here.

[0082] exist Figure 4 In the simplified content-centric network (ICN) example shown, a network consisting of sensors, gateways, and servers is shown. The sensors are connected to the gateway via Bluetooth, and the gateway is connected to the server via an IP network. In this network architecture, the gateway plays the role of a forwarding node defined in the present invention.

[0083] When the sensor captures temperature data and is ready to send it to the server, it first extracts two key attribute information: data type and location. In this example, the data type is set to "temperature" and the location is set to "office".

[0084] Before sending data, the sensor checks its internal routing table and uses the attribute predicate expression to match the extracted attribute information. If the predicate expression in the routing table matches the sensor's attribute information, the sensor sends the data to the specified next-hop device according to the instructions of the routing table. For example, if the location attribute value in the attribute information is "office", the sensor will send the data packet to the Bluetooth address of the gateway, marked as <bt1>.

[0085] After receiving the data from the sensor, the gateway will also match the attributes of the data packet according to its routing table. When the gateway recognizes that the type attribute value of the data packet is "temperature", it will forward the data to the IP address of the server, marked as<IP 1> Through such a routing algorithm, effective data transmission can be achieved even if there are different communication protocols between the sensor and the server. The above process shows how to use the attribute-based routing algorithm to achieve data transmission between sensors and servers across different communication protocols.

[0086] In summary, the present invention realizes the interconnection between different networks by implementing a preset routing algorithm on the overlay network, and effectively solves the compatibility problem caused by the difference in the underlying communication protocol. The corresponding routing algorithm improves the efficiency and reliability of network transmission, and enhances the network's adaptability to various types of data, thereby promoting efficient data management and transmission.

[0087] Second embodiment

[0088] Based on the above method, the second embodiment of the present invention provides a system for Internet of Things data routing. Figure 5 As shown, the system includes one or more processors and a memory, wherein the memory is coupled to the processor and is used to store one or more computer programs, and when the computer programs are executed by the processor, the processor implements the method in the above embodiment.

[0089] Wherein, the processor is used to control the overall operation of the system to complete all or part of the steps of the above method. The processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processing (DSP) chip, etc. The memory is used to store various types of data to support operations in the system, and these data may include, for example, instructions for any application or method for operating on the system, and application-related data. The memory can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, etc.

[0090] In an exemplary embodiment, the system can be implemented by a computer chip or entity, or by a product with a certain function, for executing the above method and achieving the same technical effect as the above method. Specifically, the computer can be, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a vehicle-mounted human-computer interaction device, a cellular phone, a camera phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.

[0091] In another exemplary embodiment, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium including program instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method in any of the above embodiments. For example, the computer-readable storage medium may be the above-mentioned memory including program instructions, which may be executed by a processor to complete the above-mentioned method and achieve the same technical effect as the above-mentioned method.

[0092] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only examples, and the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined, all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0093] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0094] The above is a detailed description of the method and system for IoT data routing provided by the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any obvious changes made to it without departing from the essence of the present invention will constitute an infringement of the patent right of the present invention and will bear corresponding legal responsibilities.

Claims

1. A method for routing data in the Internet of Things, characterized in that The steps include: S1: The sending node searches the original data for key information used for routing decisions and extracts attribute information from it; S2: The sending node uses a preset routing algorithm to make routing decisions based on the extracted attribute information and presets the routing link; S3: The sending node encapsulates the original data and the extracted attribute information into a data packet format suitable for the selected transmission medium; S4: The sending node selects the corresponding physical interface according to the preset routing link and sends the encapsulated data packet to the next node; if the preset routing link includes a forwarding node, proceed to step S5; if the preset routing link does not include a forwarding node, proceed to step S9; S5: The forwarding node receives the encapsulated data packet, decapsulates it, and extracts the original data and attribute information; S6: The forwarding node uses the routing algorithm again according to the extracted attribute information to make a new routing decision; S7: The forwarding node re-encapsulates the original data and the attribute information into a data packet, wherein the encapsulation format is adapted to the selected transmission medium; S8: The forwarding node selects the corresponding physical interface according to the preset routing link and sends the re-encapsulated data packet to the next node; if the next node is still a forwarding node, steps S5 to S8 are repeated; if the next node is a data processing node, step S9 is entered; S9: The data processing node receives the data packet, decapsulates it, and extracts the original data and attribute information; S10: The data processing node sends the original data to the corresponding application and / or service according to the preset routing link; S11: The application and / or service receives the original data and completes data processing and response.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The attribute information includes: any one or more of the geographical location of the device, the data type, the environmental parameters, the role of the sender, and the authority of the sender.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The routing algorithm uses the attribute information to determine the next node to which the data needs to be delivered, the corresponding transmission medium, and the physical address of the next node.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The routing algorithm includes the following sub-steps: S21: Establish an attribute set, each attribute maps data to a corresponding attribute value, and defines a value range for each attribute value; S22: combining one and / or more attributes and their corresponding attribute values ​​into a predicate expression of attribute information; S23: combining a predicate expression and information of a next hop node into a routing table entry; S24: combining multiple routing table entries into a routing table; S25: Evaluate the predicate expression of each routing table entry in turn using the attributes of the current data packet in the order of the routing table; If a predicate expression is satisfied, the current data packet is forwarded to the corresponding next-hop node address through the transmission medium specified in the routing table entry; if all predicate expressions in the routing table are not satisfied, the current data packet is discarded.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that During the encapsulation process, the data is encoded, encrypted, and / or header information is added.

6. A system for Internet of Things data routing, characterized in that It comprises a processor and a memory; wherein the memory is coupled to the processor and is used to store a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor implements the method described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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