Data transmission method and device

Abstract

The invention provides a data transmission method and device, and relates to the technical field of communication, and the method comprises the steps: receiving first information, the first information is used for indicating a preset time length, and the preset time length corresponds to synchronization time delay information between a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow; a first data packet is sent, the first data packet is transmitted through the first QoS stream, and the moment when the first data packet is sent by the first network device is a first moment; the second data packet is sent according to the first moment and the preset duration, the second data packet is transmitted through the second QoS stream, and the second data packet is associated with the first data packet. The first network device can send the synchronous data packet according to the sending time of the reference data packet and the preset duration used for indicating the synchronous delay information, thereby realizing synchronization of the synchronous data packet and the reference data packet. Therefore, according to the data transmission method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the synchronization effect of the plurality of data streams can be improved, so that the user experience is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a data transmission method and device. Background Art

[0002] In scenarios such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), extended reality (XR), and metaverse, in order to meet the user's immersive experience needs, the data to be transmitted has evolved from single audio or video data to data of multiple modalities including audio, video, touch, etc. Data of different modalities can be divided into different data streams, for example, auditory data streams, visual data streams, and tactile data streams. When multiple modalities exist at the same time, in order to avoid the problem of asynchrony between hearing, vision, and touch, these data streams need to be synchronized.

[0003] However, how to improve the data synchronization effect of multiple data streams is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a data transmission method and device, which can improve the data synchronization effect of multiple data streams.

[0005] In a first aspect, a data transmission method is provided, which can be executed by a first network device, or by a component (e.g., a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.) in the first network device, or by a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first network device. The method includes: receiving first information, the first information is used to indicate synchronization delay information between a first quality of service (QoS) flow and a second QoS flow; sending a first data packet at a first moment, the first data packet is transmitted through the first QoS flow; sending the second data packet according to the first moment and the synchronization delay information, wherein the second data packet is transmitted through the second QoS flow, and wherein the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

[0006] Optionally, the first network device may be an access network device. It is understandable that the moment when the first data packet is sent by the first network device is the first moment. Optionally, the synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow corresponds to a preset duration.

[0007] Based on the above scheme, the first network device can send a synchronization data packet according to the time when the reference data packet is sent and the synchronization delay information, so that the delay between the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet can meet the synchronization requirement, thereby achieving synchronization between the synchronization data packet and the reference data packet. Therefore, the data transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the synchronization effect of multiple data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0008] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes: receiving second information, where the second information is used to determine an association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow.

[0009] Based on the above scheme, the first network device can determine the association relationship between the data packets of the reference stream and the data packets of the synchronization stream according to the second information, wherein there is a synchronization requirement between the data packets with the association relationship. Therefore, the above scheme enables the first network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between the data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first data packet corresponds to the second information, and the second data packet corresponds to the second information, wherein the method further includes: when the second information corresponding to the first data packet is the same as the second information corresponding to the second data packet, determining the association between the second data packet and the first data packet.

[0011] For example, the second information is a first identifier. When the first identifier corresponding to the first data packet is the same as the first identifier corresponding to the second data packet, the first network device determines that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

[0012] Based on the above solution, the first network device can determine that the data packets carrying the same second information are associated with each other, wherein the associated data packets have synchronization requirements. Therefore, the above solution enables the first network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first data packet corresponds to the second information, wherein the method further includes: receiving the first data packet from a second network device, and the second information is also used to indicate that the first data packet is a synchronization reference for the data packet of the second QoS flow.

[0014] For example, the second information is a second identifier, the first network device receives the first data packet from the second network device, the first data packet corresponds to the second identifier, and the second identifier is also used to indicate that the first data packet is a synchronization reference for the data packet of the second QoS flow.

[0015] Based on the above scheme, the second information can indicate that the first data packet is the reference data packet of the data packet of the second QoS flow, which enables the first network device to identify the reference data packet and synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0016] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes: after the first network device receives the first data packet, when the first network device receives the second data packet from the second network device, determining that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

[0017] Based on the above solution, the second identifier can indicate that the first data packet is a reference data packet of the data packet on the synchronization stream, and the first network device can determine that the data packet of the synchronization stream received after the reference data packet is associated with the reference data packet. The above solution enables the first network device to identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0018] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the second network device is a user plane function network element.

[0019] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the second information also indicates a first duration, wherein the method further includes: determining the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow based on the moment when the first network device receives the data packets of the first QoS flow, the first duration, and the moment when the first network device receives the data packets of the second QoS flow.

[0020] Based on the above solution, the first network device can determine the association relationship between the data packets on the reference stream and the data packets on the synchronization stream according to the time when the first network device receives the data packets on the reference stream, the first duration, and the time when the data packets on the synchronization stream are received. The above solution enables the first network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0021] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow is determined based on the moment when the first network device receives the data packet of the first QoS flow, the first duration, and the moment when the first network device receives the data packet of the second QoS flow, including: when the first network device receives the second data packet within the first duration from the time when the first network device receives the first data packet, determining that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

[0022] Based on the above scheme, the first network device can determine that the data packets received within the first time period after receiving the reference data packet are synchronization data packets, which enables the first network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0023] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first duration is determined based on first jitter information and / or second jitter information, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow.

[0024] Based on the above scheme, the first duration takes into account the jitter of the first QoS flow and / or the jitter of the second QoS flow. In the event of a delay in receiving a data packet, the scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application can still accurately identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, thereby improving the applicability of the data transmission method.

[0025] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the association relationship between the data packet of the first QoS flow and the data packet of the second QoS flow is determined based on the moment when the first network device receives the data packet of the first QoS flow, the first duration, and the moment when the first network device receives the data packet of the second QoS flow, including: determining the second duration based on the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information, and the first duration, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow; and determining that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet if the first network device receives the second data packet within the second duration from the time when the first network device receives the first data packet.

[0026] Based on the above solution, the first network device takes into account the jitter of the first QoS flow and / or the jitter of the second QoS flow on the basis of the first duration to obtain the second duration. In the case of a delay in receiving a data packet, the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application can still accurately identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, thereby improving the applicability of the data transmission method.

[0027] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow corresponds to a preset duration, wherein sending the second data packet according to the first moment and the synchronization delay information includes: sending the second data packet within the preset duration starting from the first moment.

[0028] Based on the above scheme, the first network device can send the synchronization data packet within the preset time length of the reference data packet received, so that the delay between the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet can meet the synchronization requirement, thereby achieving synchronization between the synchronization data packet and the reference data packet. Among them, the synchronization data packet and the reference data packet belong to data streams of different modes, respectively. Therefore, the data transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the synchronization effect of multiple data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0029] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow are used to transmit at least two of data flows of different modes of the target service.

[0030] Based on the above scheme, the data transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the synchronization effect of data streams of multiple modes, thereby improving the user experience.

[0031] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first information is carried in the configuration information of the first QoS flow and / or the configuration information of the second QoS flow.

[0032] Based on the above scheme, the first information can be carried in the configuration information of the first QoS flow and / or the configuration information of the second QoS flow. Therefore, the first network device can obtain the synchronization delay information between the baseline flow and the synchronization flow, thereby improving the synchronization effect between the baseline flow and the synchronization flow.

[0033] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first information is also used to instruct the first network device to perform synchronization between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow based on at least two associated data packets, and the at least two associated data packets are data packets that have an associated relationship on the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow, respectively.

[0034] Based on the above solution, the first network device can determine to perform synchronization between multiple QoS flows at the granularity of associated data packets according to the first information. The method provided in the embodiment of the present application can perform synchronization between multiple QoS flows at a finer granularity, thereby improving the synchronization effect.

[0035] In a second aspect, a data transmission method is provided, which can be executed by a second network device, or by a component (e.g., a processor, a chip, or a chip system) in the second network device, or by a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the second network device. The method includes: obtaining second information, the second information being used to indicate an association relationship between a data packet of a first QoS flow and a data packet of a second QoS flow; and sending the second information to the first network device.

[0036] Optionally, the second network device may be a user plane function network element.

[0037] Based on the above scheme, the second network device can send the second information to the first network device, so that the first network device can determine the association between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow based on the second information, thereby enabling the first network device to identify the baseline data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, thereby realizing synchronization between multiple data streams.

[0038] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the first data packet corresponds to the second information, and the second data packet corresponds to the second information, wherein sending the second information to the first network device includes: sending a first data packet and a second data packet to the first network device, wherein the first data packet is transmitted through the first QoS stream, and the second data packet is transmitted through the second QoS stream.

[0039] For example, the second information is a first identifier, wherein the first data packet corresponds to the first identifier, and the second data packet corresponds to the first identifier.

[0040] Based on the above solution, the second network device can make the associated data packets correspond to the same second information, wherein there is a synchronization requirement between the associated data packets. Therefore, the above solution enables the first network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0041] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the second information is also used to indicate at least one data packet of the synchronization reference of the data packets of the second QoS flow, wherein sending the second information to the first network device includes: sending a first data packet to the first network device, wherein the first data packet corresponds to the second information.

[0042] For example, the second information is a second identifier, wherein the first data packet corresponds to the second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that the first data packet is a synchronization reference of a data packet of the second QoS flow.

[0043] Based on the above solution, the second network device indicates the reference data packet through the second information, and the reference data packet can be used as a synchronization reference for the data packet of the synchronization stream. The above solution enables the first network device to identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0044] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the method also includes: receiving indication information from a third network device, the indication information being used to trigger the second network device to determine an association relationship between data packets of the first QoS flow and data packets of the second QoS flow; wherein obtaining the second information includes: determining the second information based on an association relationship between data packets of the first QoS flow and data packets of the second QoS flow.

[0045] Based on the above solution, after receiving the indication information, the second network device can identify the association between the data packets of the reference stream and the data packets of the synchronization stream. Therefore, the first network device can identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized through the second information determined and sent by the second network device. The above solution further improves the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0046] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the method also includes: receiving a target identifier from an application function network element, wherein the target identifier is used to determine an association relationship between data packets of the first QoS flow and data packets of the second QoS flow.

[0047] Based on the above scheme, the second network device can determine the association relationship between the data packets of the reference flow and the data packets of the synchronization flow according to the target identifier, wherein there is a synchronization requirement between the data packets with the association relationship. Therefore, the above scheme enables the second network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between the data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0048] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the method also includes: receiving a first data packet and a second data packet from the application function network element, wherein the first data packet corresponds to the target identifier and the second data packet corresponds to the target identifier; and determining that the first data packet and the second data packet are associated when the target identifier corresponding to the second data packet is the same as the target identifier corresponding to the first data packet.

[0049] Based on the above solution, the second network device can determine that the data packets carrying the same identifier are associated with each other, wherein the associated data packets have synchronization requirements. Therefore, the above solution enables the second network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0050] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the target identifier is also used to indicate at least one data packet of the synchronization reference of the data packets of the second QoS flow, wherein receiving the target identifier from the application function network element includes: receiving a first data packet, the first data packet corresponding to the target identifier, and after the second network device receives the first data packet, when the second network device receives a second data packet, determining that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

[0051] Based on the above scheme, the target identifier can indicate the first data packet as a reference data packet of the synchronization stream, and the second network device can determine that the data packet of the synchronization stream received after the reference data packet is associated with the reference data packet. The above scheme enables the first network device to identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0052] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the indication information is also used to indicate a third duration, wherein the method further includes: determining the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow based on the moment when the second network device receives the data packets of the first QoS flow, the third duration and the moment when the second network device receives the data packets of the second QoS flow.

[0053] Based on the above solution, the second network device can determine the association relationship between the data packets on the reference stream and the data packets on the synchronization stream according to the time when the second network device receives the data packets on the reference stream, the third duration, and the time when the data packets on the synchronization stream are received. The above solution enables the second network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0054] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow is determined based on the moment when the second network device receives the data packet of the first QoS flow, the third time duration, and the moment when the second network device receives the data packet of the second QoS flow, including: determining that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet if the second network device receives the second data packet within the third time duration from the time when the second network device receives the first data packet.

[0055] Based on the above scheme, the second network device can determine that the data packets received within the third time period after receiving the benchmark data packet are synchronization data packets, which enables the second network device to identify the benchmark data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0056] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the third duration is determined based on first jitter information and / or second jitter information, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow.

[0057] Based on the above scheme, the third duration takes into account the jitter of the first QoS flow and / or the jitter of the second QoS flow. In the event of a delay in receiving data packets, the scheme provided in the embodiment of the present application can still accurately identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, thereby improving the applicability of the data transmission method.

[0058] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow is determined based on the moment when the second network device receives the data packet of the first QoS flow, the third time duration, and the moment when the second network device receives the data packet of the second QoS flow, including: determining a fourth time duration based on the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information, and the third time duration, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow; and determining that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet if the second network device receives the second data packet within the fourth time duration from the time the second network device receives the first data packet.

[0059] Based on the above solution, the second network device takes into account the jitter of the first QoS flow and / or the jitter of the second QoS flow on the basis of the third duration to obtain a fourth duration. In the case of a delay in receiving a data packet, the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application can still accurately identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, thereby improving the applicability of the data transmission method.

[0060] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the method also includes: receiving the first data packet from the application function network element; determining a target identifier corresponding to the first data packet, the target identifier being used to indicate that the first data packet serves as a synchronization reference for the data packet of the second QoS flow; wherein, sending the first data packet to the first network device includes: sending the first data packet to the first network device, the first data packet corresponding to the second information.

[0061] Based on the above scheme, the target identifier can indicate that the first data packet is a reference data packet of the data packet on the synchronization stream. When the second network device identifies that the first data packet corresponds to the target identifier, it can make the first data packet sent to the first network device correspond to the second identifier. Therefore, the above scheme enables the first network device to identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience. In addition, the second network device does not need to identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet in the above scheme, which improves the data transmission efficiency.

[0062] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow are used to transmit at least two of the data flows of different modes of the target service.

[0063] Based on the above scheme, the data transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the synchronization effect of data streams of multiple modes, thereby improving the user experience.

[0064] In a third aspect, a data transmission method is provided, which can be executed by a third network device, or by a component (e.g., a processor, a chip, or a chip system) in the third network device, or by a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the third network device. The method includes: obtaining first information, wherein the first information is used to indicate synchronization delay information between a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow; and sending the first information to the first network device.

[0065] Optionally, the third network device may be a session management network element.

[0066] Based on the above scheme, the third network device can obtain the synchronization delay information between the reference stream and the synchronization stream, and send it to the first network device, so that the first network device can send the data packet on the reference stream and the data packet on the synchronization stream according to the synchronization delay information. In this way, the delay between the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet can meet the synchronization requirement, thereby achieving synchronization between the synchronization data packet and the reference data packet. Therefore, the data transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the synchronization effect of multiple data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0067] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the indication information is used to trigger the second network device to determine the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow, wherein the method also includes: sending the indication information to the second network device.

[0068] Based on the above solution, the third network device can send indication information to the second network device, so that the second network device can identify the association between the data packets of the reference stream and the data packets of the synchronization stream. The above solution further improves the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving user experience.

[0069] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the indication information is further used to indicate a third duration, and the third duration is used to determine an association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow.

[0070] Based on the above solution, the third network device can also indicate the third duration to the second network device through the indication information, so that the second network device can determine the association relationship between the data packet on the reference stream and the data packet on the synchronization stream according to the third duration. The above solution enables the second network device to identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between the data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0071] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the method also includes: receiving third information from an application function network element, the third information being used to indicate a fifth duration; determining the third duration based on the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information, and the fifth duration, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow.

[0072] Based on the above scheme, the third duration takes into account the jitter of the first QoS flow and / or the jitter of the second QoS flow. In the event of a delay in receiving data packets, the scheme provided in the embodiment of the present application can still accurately identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, thereby improving the applicability of the data transmission method.

[0073] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the second information is used to indicate a first duration, wherein the first duration is used to determine an association relationship between data packets of the first QoS flow and data packets of the second QoS flow, wherein the method further includes: sending the second information to the first network device.

[0074] Based on the above solution, the third network device can indicate the first duration to the first network device through the second information, so that the first network device can determine the association between the data packets on the reference stream and the data packets on the synchronization stream according to the first duration. The above solution enables the first network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between the data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0075] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the method also includes: receiving third information from an application function network element, the third information being used to indicate a fifth duration; determining the first duration based on the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information, and the fifth duration, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow.

[0076] Based on the above solution, the third network device can take into account the jitter of the first QoS flow and / or the jitter of the second QoS flow on the basis of the fifth duration indicated by the application function network element to obtain the first duration. In the case of a delay in receiving a data packet, the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application can still accurately identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, thereby improving the applicability of the data transmission method.

[0077] In combination with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the method further includes: receiving fourth information from the second network device, where the fourth information is used to indicate the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information.

[0078] Based on the above solution, the third network device can obtain the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information from the second network device, thereby taking into account the jitter of the first QoS flow and / or the jitter of the second QoS flow on the basis of the fifth duration indicated by the application function network element to obtain the first duration. In the case of a delay in receiving a data packet, the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application can still accurately identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, thereby improving the applicability of the data transmission method.

[0079] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow are used to transmit at least two of the data flows of different modes of the target service.

[0080] Based on the above scheme, the data transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the synchronization effect of data streams of multiple modes, thereby improving the user experience.

[0081] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the first information is carried in the configuration information of the first QoS flow and / or the configuration information of the second QoS flow.

[0082] Based on the above scheme, the first information can be carried in the configuration information of the first QoS flow and / or the configuration information of the second QoS flow. Therefore, the third network device can indicate the synchronization delay information between the baseline flow and the synchronization flow to the first network device, thereby improving the synchronization effect between the baseline flow and the synchronization flow.

[0083] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the first information is also used to instruct the first network device to perform synchronization between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow based on at least two associated data packets, and the at least two associated data packets are data packets that have an associated relationship on the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow, respectively.

[0084] Based on the above solution, the first network device can determine to perform synchronization between multiple QoS flows at the granularity of associated data packets according to the first information. The method provided in the embodiment of the present application can perform synchronization between multiple QoS flows at a finer granularity, thereby improving the synchronization effect.

[0085] In a fourth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising a processor, wherein the processor is used to enable the communication device to execute the first aspect and any possible method of the first aspect, or to enable the communication device to execute the second aspect and any possible method of the second aspect, or to enable the communication device to execute the third aspect and any possible method of the third aspect, by executing a computer program or instruction, or by a processing circuit.

[0086] In a possible implementation, the communication device further includes a memory for storing the computer program or instruction. Further, the processor is specifically used to call and run the computer program or computer instruction stored in the memory, so that the processor implements any one of the implementations of the first aspect, the second aspect, or the third aspect.

[0087] In a possible implementation, the communication device further includes a transceiver (also referred to as a communication interface), the transceiver being used to input and / or output signals through the communication interface. The processor is used to control the transceiver to transmit and receive signals.

[0088] In a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising a processing circuit (also referred to as a processor) and an input / output interface (also referred to as an interface circuit), the input / output interface being used to input and / or output signals, the processing circuit being used to execute the first aspect and any possible method of the first aspect; or the processing circuit being used to execute the second aspect and any possible method of the second aspect; or the processing circuit being used to execute the third aspect and any possible method of the third aspect.

[0089] In a possible implementation, the processor is used to communicate with other devices through an interface circuit and execute the method in any one of the implementations of the first aspect, the second aspect or the third aspect. The processor includes one or more.

[0090] In a sixth aspect, a communication device is provided. The communication device may be a first network device, or a device or module for performing a function of the first network device; the communication device may be a second network device, or a device or module for performing a function of the second network device; the communication device may be a third network device, or a device or module for performing a function of the third network device.

[0091] In one possible implementation, the communication device may include a module or unit corresponding to each of the methods / operations / steps / actions described in the first aspect. The module or unit may be a hardware circuit, software, or a combination of a hardware circuit and software.

[0092] In another possible implementation, the communication device may include a module or unit corresponding to the method / operation / step / action described in the second aspect, and the module or unit may be a hardware circuit, or software, or a combination of hardware circuit and software.

[0093] In another possible implementation, the communication device may include a module or unit corresponding to the method / operation / step / action described in the third aspect, and the module or unit may be a hardware circuit, or software, or a combination of hardware circuit and software.

[0094] In the seventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program or instruction is stored. When the computer program or the instruction is run on a computer, the first aspect and any possible method of the first aspect are executed; or, the second aspect and any possible method of the second aspect are executed; or, the third aspect and any possible method of the third aspect are executed.

[0095] In an eighth aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program or instructions, which, when executed on a computer, causes the first aspect and any possible method of the first aspect to be executed; or, causes the second aspect and any possible method of the second aspect to be executed; or, causes the third aspect and any possible method of the third aspect to be executed.

[0096] In a ninth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising a processor, which is connected to a memory and is used to call a program stored in the memory to execute any possible method of the first aspect, the second aspect, or the third aspect. The memory may be located inside the communication device or outside the communication device. The processor may include one or more.

[0097] In one implementation, the communication device of the fourth, fifth, and sixth aspects mentioned above may be a chip or a chip system.

[0098] In a tenth aspect, a chip device is provided, comprising a processor for calling a computer program or computer instruction in a memory so that the processor executes any one of the implementation methods of the first aspect, the second aspect or the third aspect.

[0099] Optionally, the processor is coupled to the memory via an interface.

[0100] In the eleventh aspect, a communication system is provided, which includes a first network device, a second network device and a third network device; the first network device is used to execute the method shown in the first aspect, the second network device is used to execute the method shown in the second aspect, and the third network device is used to execute the method shown in the third aspect.

[0101] The description of the advantageous effects of any of the fourth to eleventh aspects etc. may refer to the description of the advantageous effects of the first or second aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0102] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a network architecture of a communication system applicable to an embodiment of the present application.

[0103] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of data transmission.

[0104] Figure 3 It is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0105] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0106] Figure 5 It is a schematic flowchart of another data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0107] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a method for associating data packets of different data streams provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0108] Figure 7 It is a schematic flowchart of another data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0109] Figure 8 It is a schematic block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0110] Fig. 9 It is a schematic block diagram of another communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0111] Fig.10 This is a schematic block diagram of another communication device of the embodiment of the present application.

[0112] Fig.11 A schematic block diagram of yet another communication device of the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0113] The technical solution in this application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0114] The technical solution provided by this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as the fifth generation (5 th generation, 5G) or new radio (NR) system, long term evolution (LTE) system, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, LTE time division duplex (TDD) system, etc. The technical solution provided in this application can also be applied to future communication systems, such as the sixth generation (6 th The technical solution provided in this application can also be applied to device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine type communication (MTC), and Internet of Things (IoT) communication systems or other communication systems.

[0115] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the network architecture of a communication system applicable to an embodiment of the present application is shown, and the network architecture includes terminal equipment, access network equipment, access and mobility management network element, session management network element, user plane function network element, policy control network element, network slice selection network element, network warehouse function network element, network data analysis network element, unified data management network element, unified data storage network element, authentication service function network element, network capability exposure network element, application function network element, and a data network (DN) connected to the operator network. The terminal equipment can send service data to the data network through the access network equipment and the user plane function network element, and receive service data from the data network.

[0116] The terminal device is a device with wireless transceiver function, which can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld, wearable or vehicle-mounted; it can also be deployed on the water surface (such as ships, etc.); it can also be deployed in the air (such as airplanes, balloons and satellites, etc.). The terminal device can communicate with the core network via the radio access network (RAN) and exchange voice and / or data with the RAN. The terminal device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer (Pad), a computer with wireless transceiver function, a mobile Internet device (MID), a wearable device, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in self driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical, a wireless terminal in smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in smart city, a wireless terminal in smart home, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the application scenarios. The terminal device may also be sometimes referred to as user equipment (UE), mobile station, remote station, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technology, device form, and name of the terminal device.

[0117] Access network equipment is a device in the network used to access terminal devices to the wireless network. Access network equipment can be a node in the wireless access network, which can also be called a base station, or a radio access network ((radio) access network, (R)AN) node (or device). In addition, (R)AN can also be equivalent to the next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) in the layer3 relay architecture. In other words, (R)AN can be NG-RAN. For ease of description, RAN is sometimes used below to refer to access network equipment. It can be understood that RAN can also be AN.

[0118] The access network equipment may include an evolved base station (NodeB or eNB or e-NodeB, evolutionary Node B) in a long term evolution (LTE) system or an evolved LTE system (LTE-Advanced, LTE-A), such as a traditional macro base station eNB and a micro base station eNB in ​​a heterogeneous network scenario, or may also include a next generation node B (next generation node B, gNB) in a 5G or NR system, or may also include a radio network controller (radio network controller, RNC), a node B (Node B, NB), a base station controller (base station controller, BSC), a base transceiver station (base transceiver station, BTS), a transmission reception point (transmission reception point, TRP), a home base station (for example, home evolved NodeB, or home Node B, HNB), a base band unit (base band unit, BBU), a base band pool BBU pool, or a WiFi access point (access point, AP), etc., or may also include a centralized unit (centralized unit, CU) and a distributed unit (distributed unit) in a cloud radio access network (cloudRAN) system. Unit, DU), which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. In the separate deployment scenario where the access network equipment includes CU and DU, CU supports protocols such as radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), and service data adaptation protocol (SDAP); DU mainly supports radio link control layer (RLC), media access control layer (MAC) and physical layer protocols.

[0119] The access and mobility management network element is mainly used for the attachment and tracking area update process of the terminal in the mobile network. The access and mobility management network element can provide non-access stratum (NAS) messages, complete registration management, connection management, reachability management, assign tracking area list (TA list), legal monitoring, access authorization, authentication and mobility management, etc., and transparently route session management (SM) messages to the session management network element. In the fifth generation (5G) communication system, the access and mobility management network element can be the access and mobility management function (AMF). In future communication systems (such as 6G communication systems), the mobility management network element can still be the AMF network element, or it can have other names, which is not limited in this application.

[0120] The session management network element is mainly used for session and bearer management in mobile networks, such as session establishment, modification, and release. Specific functions include allocating Internet Protocol (IP) addresses to terminals, selecting user plane function network elements that provide message forwarding functions, etc. In 5G communication systems, the session management network element can be a session management function (SMF). In future communication systems (such as 6G communication systems), the session management network element can still be an SMF network element, or it can have other names, which are not limited in this application.

[0121] The user plane function network element is mainly used to process user messages, such as forwarding, billing, legal monitoring, etc. In addition, the user plane function network element can be used for routing forwarding, threshold control, traffic monitoring, verification and other functions of user plane data. The user plane function network element can also be used for the management of UE IP addresses, the management of core network (CN) tunnel information, etc. The user plane function network element can also be called a protocol data unit (PDU) session anchor (PDU session anchor, PSA). In a 5G communication system, the user plane function network element may be a user plane function (UPF). In future communication systems (such as 6G communication systems), the user plane function network element may still be a UPF network element, or may have other names, which is not limited in this application.

[0122] The policy control network element includes user subscription data management function, policy control function, charging policy control function QoS control, etc. In the 5G communication system, the policy control network element may be a policy control function (PCF). In future communication systems (such as 6G communication systems), the policy control network element may still be a PCF network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.

[0123] The network slice selection function network element is mainly used to select a suitable network slice for the service of the terminal device. In the 5G communication system, the network slice selection network element may be a network slice selection function (NSSF) network element. In future communication systems (such as 6G communication systems), the network slice selection network element may still be an NSSF network element, or may have other names, which is not limited in this application.

[0124] The network repository function network element is mainly used to provide registration and discovery functions for network elements or services provided by network elements. In the 5G communication system, the network repository function network element may be a network repository function (NRF). In future communication systems (such as 6G communication systems), the network repository function network element may still be an NRF network element, or may have other names, which is not limited in this application.

[0125] The network data analysis network element can collect data from various network functions (NF), such as policy control network elements, session management network elements, user plane function network elements, access and mobility management network elements, and application function network elements (through network capability exposure function network elements), and perform analysis and prediction. In a 5G communication system, the network data analysis network element may be a network data analysis function (NWDAF). In future communication systems (such as 6G communication systems), the network data analysis network element may still be an NWDAF network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.

[0126] The unified data management network element is mainly used to manage the contract information of the terminal device. In the 5G communication system, the unified data management network element can be unified data management (UDM). In future communication systems (such as 6G communication systems), the unified data management network element can still be the UDM network element, or it can have other names, which is not limited in this application.

[0127] The unified data storage network element is mainly used to store structured data information, including contract information, policy information, and network data or business data defined in a standard format. In a 5G communication system, the unified data storage network element may be a unified data repository (UDR). In future communication systems (such as a 6G communication system), the unified data storage network element may still be a UDR network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.

[0128] The authentication service function network element is mainly used to perform security authentication on the terminal device. In the 5G communication system, the authentication service function network element can be an authentication server function (AUSF). In future communication systems (such as 6G communication systems), the authentication service function network element can still be an AUSF network element, or it can have other names, which is not limited by this application.

[0129] The network capability exposure network element can expose some functions of the network to applications in a controlled manner. In the 5G communication system, the network capability exposure network element can be a network exposure function (NEF). In future communication systems (such as 6G communication systems), the network capability exposure network element can still be a NEF network element, or it can have other names, which is not limited in this application.

[0130] The application function network element can provide service data of various applications to the control plane network elements of the operator's communication network, or obtain network data information and control information from the control plane network elements of the communication network. In the 5G communication system, the application function network element can be an application function (AF). In future communication systems (such as 6G communication systems), the application function network element can still be an AF network element, or it can have other names, which is not limited by this application. For example, the application function network element can also be called an application server or a service server. In addition, the application function network element can be deployed by the operator network or by a third party.

[0131] Data network is mainly used to provide data transmission services for terminal devices. Data network can be a private network, such as a local area network, or a public data network (PDN) network, such as the Internet, or a proprietary network jointly deployed by operators, such as the configured IP multimedia corenetwork subsystem (IMS) service. Data network can also come from a third party.

[0132] exist Figure 1 In the architecture shown, the interface names and functions between the various network elements are as follows:

[0133] 1. N1: The interface between AMF and UE, which can be used to deliver QoS control rules to UE.

[0134] 2. N2: The interface between AMF and (R)AN, which can be used to transmit radio bearer control information from the core network side to the RAN.

[0135] 3. N3: Interface between RAN and UPF, used to transfer uplink or downlink user plane data between RAN and UPF.

[0136] 4. N4: The interface between SMF and UPF can be used to transmit information between the control plane and the user plane, including the control of the forwarding rules, QoS control rules, traffic statistics rules, etc. for the user plane and the reporting of information on the user plane.

[0137] 5. N6: Interface between UPF and DN, used to transfer uplink or downlink user data flow between UPF and DN.

[0138] 6. The service-oriented interfaces Nnssf, Nnef, Nausf, Nnrf, Namf, Npcf, Nsmf, and Nudm are respectively provided by the above-mentioned NSSF network element, NEF network element, AUSF network element, NRF network element, AMF network element, PCF network element, SMF network element, and UDM network element, and are used to call corresponding service-oriented operations.

[0139] It should be understood that the above network elements or functions can be network elements in hardware devices, software functions running on dedicated hardware, or virtualized functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform). Optionally, the above network elements or functions can be implemented by one device, or by multiple devices, or can be a functional module within a device, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application. Optionally, the above network elements can be specific network elements of the 5G core network in the Layer3 relay architecture.

[0140] It should also be understood that the above naming is only defined for the convenience of distinguishing different functions and should not constitute any limitation to this application. This application does not exclude the possibility of using other naming in 5G networks and other future networks. For example, in 6G networks, some or all of the above networks may continue to use the terminology in 5G, or may use other names, etc. Figure 1The interface name between the network elements is only an example. The interface name in the specific implementation may be other names, and this application does not specifically limit this. In addition, the name of the message (or signaling) transmitted between the above network elements is only an example and does not constitute any limitation on the function of the message itself.

[0141] It should be noted that the above-mentioned "network element" may also be referred to as an entity, device, apparatus or module, etc., which is not specifically limited in this application. Moreover, in this application, for the sake of ease of understanding and explanation, the description of "network element" is omitted in some descriptions. For example, the PCF network element is referred to as PCF. In this case, the "PCF" should be understood as a PCF network element or a PCF entity. Hereinafter, the description of the same or similar situations is omitted.

[0142] As mentioned above, how to improve the data synchronization effect of multiple modal data flows is an urgent problem to be solved. Exemplarily, the application function network element can provide synchronization requirements of multiple modal service data flows (SDF), as shown in Table 1.

[0143] Table 1

[0144]

[0145] Refer to Table 1. For hearing and vision, if RAN sends visual data first, the auditory data associated with the visual data needs to be sent within 20ms after the visual data is sent; if RAN sends auditory data first, the visual data associated with the auditory data also needs to be sent within 20ms after the auditory data is sent. For hearing and touch, if RAN sends tactile data first, the auditory data associated with the tactile data needs to be sent within 25ms after the tactile data is sent; if RAN sends auditory data first, the tactile data associated with the auditory data needs to be sent within 12ms after the auditory data is sent. For vision and touch, if RAN sends tactile data first, the visual data associated with the tactile data needs to be sent within 20ms after the tactile data is sent; if RAN sends visual data first, the tactile data associated with the visual data needs to be sent within 30ms after the visual data is sent.

[0146] If it is later than the above threshold, it is considered that the data of the SDF of the two modes corresponding to the threshold are not synchronized. For example, for hearing and vision, if the visual data is sent first, and the auditory data associated with the visual data is sent 20ms after the visual data is sent, the user may perceive that the vision and hearing are not synchronized, reducing the viewing experience. It should be noted that the synchronization requirements provided by the application function network element are not limited to the above Table 1. For example, the requirement for tactile delay over visual can also be 5ms.

[0147] The data included in the data stream is represented below in units of data packets. Exemplarily, in the present application, a data packet can be a data message based on a protocol data unit (PDU) (for example, a PDU can refer to an IP packet), or a set (PDU set) composed of one or more PDUs, and there is no specific limitation in the present application. Among them, a PDU set can refer to a payload that carries an information unit generated by the application layer. For example, a PDU set can be one or more frames for an XR service, or one or more video slices, etc.

[0148] In addition, data streams can be divided into triplets, quintuples, or application identifiers. For example, when data streams are divided into triplets, data packets with the same protocol type, local IP address, and local port (or destination IP address and destination port) are divided into the same data stream. For another example, when data streams are divided into quintuples, data packets with the same protocol type, local IP address, local port, destination IP address, and destination port are divided into the same data stream. For another example, when data streams are divided into application identifiers, data packets with the same application identifier are divided into the same data stream.

[0149] However, the synchronization requirements based on data stream granularity cannot reflect the information of the data packets on the data stream that actually need synchronization, and thus cannot achieve accurate synchronization. For example, for one or more data packets in the visual data stream, it is not clear which data packets in the tactile data stream are associated with which data packets in the visual data stream. Figure 2 Let's explain this in detail with an example.

[0150] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of data transmission.

[0151] See also Figure 2 , data flow 1 and data flow 2 may belong to different modes. Data flow 1 has data packets 11 to 15, and data flow 2 has data packets 21 and 22. The horizontal axis represents the time when the RAN sends the data packet, and the further to the right, the later the data packet is sent.

[0152] Data packets 11 to 13 in data stream 1 arrive at RAN first, while data packet 21 of data stream 2 arrives at RAN later. In other words, RAN sends data packets 11 to 13 in data stream 1 first, and then sends data packet 21 of data stream 2. If the aforementioned solution with data stream as granularity is adopted, RAN only sends synchronization requirements with data stream as granularity from the application function network element, and it is not clear which data packet 21 needs to be synchronized with from data packets 11 to 13, and it is also impossible to accurately determine the transmission delay of data packet 21.

[0153] For example, data stream 1 is a tactile data stream, and data stream 2 is a visual data stream. If data packet 21 needs to be synchronized with data packet 11 (i.e., data packet 11 is a tactile data packet associated with visual data packet 21), but RAN sends data packet 21 based on the sending time of data packet 12 or data packet 13, then data packet 21 is sent later and may not meet the synchronization requirement, causing the user to perceive that the tactile sense and vision are not synchronized. In other words, data packet 21 is used as a synchronization data packet, and data packet 11 is used as a reference data packet. If RAN mistakenly determines that data packet 12 or data packet 13 is a reference data packet, the synchronization requirement may not be met. The data stream that transmits the reference data packet is referred to as the reference stream, and the data stream that transmits the synchronization data packet is referred to as the synchronization stream. It can be understood that when some data packets transmitted on a data stream are reference data packets and other data packets are synchronization data packets, the data stream is used as a reference stream when transmitting the reference data packet and as a synchronization stream when transmitting the synchronization data packet. Alternatively, the data stream is always referred to as a reference stream, but the data packets in the data stream are sometimes used as reference data packets and sometimes as synchronization data packets. Among them, the synchronization data packet is transmitted based on the reference data packet.

[0154] The above solution will cause multiple data streams to be out of sync, resulting in a poor user experience.

[0155] Figure 3 3 is a schematic flow chart of a data transmission method 300 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method 300 can improve the data synchronization effect of multiple data streams. Figure 3 An embodiment of method 300 is introduced.

[0156] S310: The third network device obtains first information, where the first information is used to indicate synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow.

[0157] Exemplarily, the first network device may be an access network device, and the third network device may be a session management network element.

[0158] The synchronization delay information may be a reflection of the synchronization requirement. The synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow may correspond to a preset duration. The present application does not limit the specific value of the preset duration. In combination with the aforementioned Table 1, when the first QoS flow is a visual flow and the second QoS flow is an auditory flow, the value of the preset duration may be 20ms. However, the value of the preset duration may not be selected according to Table 1. For example, the preset duration may be an arbitrary value.

[0159] The first information may directly indicate the preset duration. The first information may also include or carry information about the preset duration, and indicate the preset duration through the information about the preset duration. In other words, the information about the preset duration may be carried in the first information.

[0160] It should be understood that the synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow can be understood as the synchronization requirement between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow. Exemplarily, the synchronization delay information can be represented by a synchronization delay budget (SyncDB), and the preset duration can correspond to the value of SyncDB. The synchronization delay information can also be represented by other names, which are not limited in this application. For example, the synchronization delay information can be represented by other names such as delay budget, delay difference, synchronization delay difference, transmission time difference or arrival time difference. Furthermore, the synchronization delay information can also be understood as the synchronization delay information between the data packets with an associated relationship in the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow.

[0161] As an example, the first information can be used only to indicate the preset duration, so that the first network device can determine through another information that there is an association relationship or synchronization requirement between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow. Therefore, the first network device can determine through the first information and another information that the synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow is the preset duration. For example, the first information indicates that the value of the preset duration is 20ms, and the other information indicates that the first QoS flow is associated with the second QoS flow or has a synchronization requirement. The first network device can determine that the synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow is 20ms. The association relationship between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow can also be understood as a synchronization requirement between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow.

[0162] As another example, the first information can also be used to indicate the synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow. That is, the first network device can determine that the synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow is a preset duration only through the first information. For example, the first information can be (20ms, first QoS flow, second QoS flow). The first network device can determine that the synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow is 20ms based on the first information. For another example, the first information can indirectly indicate that it is related to the first QoS flow in other ways (for example, the first information is carried in the configuration information of the first QoS flow), and indicate the first QoS flow and the preset duration. The first network device can determine the synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow based on the first information.

[0163] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiment, the first information is also used to indicate that the synchronization between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow is performed based on at least two associated data packets, and the at least two associated data packets are data packets with an associated relationship on the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow. It can be understood that in this case, the first information is also used to indicate that the synchronization between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow is performed based on packet granularity. S320, the first network device receives the first information. Accordingly, the third network device sends the first information to the first network device.

[0164] The third network device may directly send the first information to the first network device, or may send the first information to another network device, and the other network device may send the first information to the first network device.

[0165] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiment, the first information is carried in the configuration information of the first QoS flow and / or the configuration information of the second QoS flow, for example, the configuration information may be a QoS profile. Alternatively, the first information is carried in an N2 message sent by the third network device to the first network device. The third network device may directly send the N2 message to the first network device, or may send the N2 message to another network device, and the other network device may send the N2 message to the first network device.

[0166] For example, the first information can be carried in the configuration information of the first QoS flow, and the first information can be "20ms->identifier of the second QoS flow", where "->" can mean "corresponding to", "relative to" or "based on". The first network device can determine that the synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow is 20ms. In other words, the first QoS flow has a synchronization requirement relative to the second QoS flow, wherein the second QoS flow can be regarded as a reference data flow, and the first QoS flow can be regarded as a synchronization data flow. Alternatively, the second QoS flow has a synchronization requirement relative to the first QoS flow, wherein the first QoS flow can be regarded as a reference data flow, and the second QoS flow can be regarded as a synchronization data flow.

[0167] For another example, the first information can be carried in the configuration information of the second QoS flow, and the first information can be "20ms->identifier of the first QoS flow". The first network device can determine that the synchronization delay information between the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow is 20ms. In other words, the second QoS flow has a synchronization requirement relative to the first QoS flow, wherein the first QoS flow can be regarded as a reference data flow, and the second QoS flow can be regarded as a synchronization data flow. Alternatively, the first QoS flow has a synchronization requirement relative to the second QoS flow, wherein the second QoS flow can be regarded as a reference data flow, and the first QoS flow can be regarded as a synchronization data flow.

[0168] The first two examples can be understood as "unidirectional requirements", that is, one QoS flow has a synchronization requirement for another QoS flow, and vice versa, the other QoS flow has no synchronization requirement for this QoS flow, for example, the tactile flow has a synchronization requirement relative to the visual flow, but the visual flow has no synchronization requirement relative to the tactile flow. However, this application is not limited to this, for example, it can also be a "bidirectional requirement", that is, the two QoS flows have synchronization requirements with each other, for example, the tactile flow has a synchronization requirement relative to the visual flow, but the visual flow also has a synchronization requirement relative to the tactile flow.

[0169] In the case of "bidirectional demand", it can be understood that the first information includes two parts, one part is the synchronization demand of one QoS flow for another QoS flow, and the other part is the synchronization demand of another QoS flow for this QoS. The corresponding preset duration can include two durations.

[0170] For the case of "bidirectional demand", the configuration method of the first information may be to carry the first information in the configuration information of the first QoS flow or in the configuration information of the second QoS, or, another method may be to carry the first information in the configuration information of the first QoS flow and the configuration information of the second QoS flow. For the first method, the first information may be carried in the configuration information of the first QoS flow. For example, the first information is "20ms->identifier of the second QoS flow, identifier of the second QoS flow->10ms", which means that the synchronization requirement of the second QoS flow relative to the first QoS flow is 20ms, and the synchronization requirement of the first QoS flow relative to the second QoS flow is 10ms, or the synchronization requirement of the first QoS flow relative to the second QoS flow is 20ms, and the synchronization requirement of the second QoS flow relative to the first QoS flow is 10ms. For the first method, the first information can also be carried in the configuration information of the second QoS flow. For example, the first information is "20ms->identifier of the first QoS flow, identifier of the first QoS flow->10ms", which means that the synchronization requirement of the first QoS flow relative to the second QoS flow is 20ms, and the synchronization requirement of the second QoS flow relative to the first QoS flow is 10ms, or, the synchronization requirement of the second QoS flow relative to the first QoS flow is 20ms, and the synchronization requirement of the first QoS flow relative to the second QoS flow is 10ms.

[0171] Another way of "bidirectional demand" may be to carry the first information in the configuration information of the first QoS flow and the configuration information of the second QoS flow. It should be understood that the first information includes two parts. One of the parts can be configured in the configuration information of the first QoS flow, and the other part can be configured in the configuration information of the second QoS flow. For example, one part of the first information is carried in the configuration information of the first QoS flow, which may be "20ms->identifier of the second QoS flow"; the other part of the first information is carried in the configuration information of the second QoS flow, which may be "20ms->identifier of the first QoS flow". In this way, the first QoS flow has a synchronization requirement relative to the second QoS flow, and the second QoS flow also has a synchronization requirement relative to the first QoS flow. The first QoS flow and the second QoS flow are each other's reference data flow and synchronization data flow.

[0172] The above configuration information may be configuration information in a QoS profile, or may be configuration information in other forms. For example, it may be an N2 message sent by a third network device to a first network device. The third network device may directly send the N2 message to the first network device, or may send the N2 message to another network device, and the other network device may send the N2 message to the first network device.

[0173] Based on the above scheme, the first information can be carried in the configuration information of the first QoS flow and / or the configuration information of the second QoS flow. Therefore, the first network device can obtain the synchronization delay information between the baseline flow and the synchronization flow, thereby improving the synchronization effect between the baseline flow and the synchronization flow.

[0174] It should be noted that the present application does not limit the first information to be carried in the configuration information, for example, it can also be carried in other information.

[0175] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the first information is also used to instruct the first network device to perform synchronization between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow based on at least two associated data packets, and the at least two associated data packets are data packets that have an associated relationship on the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow, respectively.

[0176] According to the indication of the first information, the first network device needs to identify the association between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow, and then apply the synchronization requirements between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow to the transmission of the data packets with association between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow. For the transmission of the data packets without association between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow, there is no need to consider the synchronization requirements between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow, that is, during the transmission process, they can be transmitted according to the PDB or PSDB of the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow respectively.

[0177] Based on the above solution, the first network device can determine to perform synchronization between multiple QoS flows at the granularity of associated data packets according to the first information. The method provided in the embodiment of the present application can perform synchronization between multiple QoS flows at a finer granularity, thereby improving the synchronization effect.

[0178] S330, the first network device sends a first data packet, the first data packet is transmitted through the first QoS flow, and the time when the first data packet is sent by the first network device is a first time. In other words, the first network device sends the first data packet at the first time.

[0179] The first data packet is transmitted through the first QoS flow. Therefore, the first data packet can also be referred to as the first data packet of the first QoS flow, or the first data packet on the first QoS flow.

[0180] Exemplarily, the first network device may send the first data packet to the terminal device, but the present application is not limited thereto, and the first network device may also send the first data packet to other devices.

[0181] It is assumed below that the second QoS flow has synchronization requirements relative to the first QoS flow, and the first data packet is sent before the second data packet. The first data packet can be regarded as a reference data packet. This application does not limit the order in which the first network device receives the first data packet and the second data packet. The first data packet can be received by the first network device before the second data packet, and the second data packet can also be received by the first network device before the first data packet. The second data packet can be understood as the payload part of the N6 data packet or the N3 data packet.

[0182] In the above embodiment, the first moment is the moment when the first network device sends the first data packet. In other embodiments, the first moment may be the moment when the first network device receives the first data packet.

[0183] S340: The first network device sends the second data packet according to the first moment and the preset duration, wherein the second data packet is transmitted through the second QoS flow, and wherein the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

[0184] The first data packet is associated with the second data packet, or there is an association relationship between the first data packet and the second data packet. It can also be understood that the first data packet and the second data packet are data packets in the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow that need to be synchronized. It should be understood that after receiving the first data packet and the second data packet, the first network device needs to determine that the first data packet is associated with the second data packet. There are multiple schemes for how the first network device determines that the first data packet is associated with the second data packet. The sending time difference of the data packets with an associated relationship needs to be within a preset time length, so that the data packets with an associated relationship meet the synchronization requirements. In other words, the data packets with an associated relationship need to be synchronized according to the synchronization delay information, so that the data packets with an associated relationship meet the synchronization requirements. In other words, the first data packet is associated with the second data packet, indicating that the first network device needs to send the first data packet and the second data packet according to the synchronization delay information. In other words, the first data packet and the second data packet are sent by the first network device according to the synchronization delay information. The first information can also be used to indicate the synchronization delay information between the first data packet and the second data packet.

[0185] For example, method 300 may also include: receiving second information, the second information being used by the first network device to determine the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow. Accordingly, the second network device sends the second information to the first network device. Alternatively, the third network device sends the second information to the first network device. Among them, the second information sent by the second network device or the third network device to the first network device may come from other network devices (such as application function network elements), or may be determined by the second network device or the third network device. Optionally, in the implementation mode in which the third network device sends the second information to the first network device, the second information is carried in the configuration information of the first QoS flow and / or the configuration information of the second QoS flow. In other words, the configuration information of the first QoS flow and / or the configuration information of the second QoS flow may include the second information. For example, the configuration information may be a QoS profile or other forms. For example, it may be an N2 message sent by the third network device to the first network device. In the implementation mode where the second network device sends the second information to the first network device, the second information may be included in the data sent by the second network device to the first network device. For example, the second information may be included in the header information corresponding to the data packet sent by the second network device to the first network device. For details, please refer to the following about Figure 5 and Figure 6 The description is not repeated here.

[0186] The third network device may directly send the second information to the first network device, or may send the second information to another network device, and the other network device may send the second information to the first network device.

[0187] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiment, S340 includes: sending the second data packet within the preset time length starting from the first moment. Based on this scheme, the first network device can send the synchronization data packet within the preset time length received by the reference data packet, so that the delay between the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet can meet the synchronization requirements, thereby achieving synchronization between the synchronization data packet and the reference data packet. Among them, the synchronization data packet and the reference data packet can belong to data streams of different modes respectively. Therefore, the data transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the synchronization effect of multiple data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0188] It should be noted that the preset duration may also correspond to synchronization delay information between more QoS flows. For example, the preset duration may correspond to synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow, the second QoS flow, and the third QoS flow. The first network device may also send a third data packet according to the first moment and the preset duration, wherein the third data packet is transmitted through the third QoS flow, wherein the third data packet is associated with the first data packet. In other words, the first network device may send multiple data packets of different QoS flows according to the first moment and the preset duration. The present application only takes two QoS flows as an example, and may also be applicable to a greater number of QoS flows.

[0189] Figure 4 3 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission method 300 provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 The relationship between the preset duration, the first moment, the first data packet and the second data packet is described. It is worth noting that: Figure 4 The horizontal axis for the second QoS flow is the receiving time. Going right along the horizontal axis indicates that the first network device receives the data packet of the second QoS flow later.

[0190] See also Figure 4 , Figure 4 The first QoS flow in Figure 2 The data stream 1 in corresponds to, Figure 4 The second QoS flow in Figure 2 The data flow 2 in the above diagram corresponds to the data flow 2 in the above diagram, which will not be described in detail here. It should be noted that Figure 4 It is only exemplary, and the method 300 does not limit the specific sending and receiving conditions of the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow. The data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow may also be sent and received in a different manner. Figure 4 The transmission interval and reception interval of the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow may be greater or less than Figure 4 The sending interval can be equal or unequal. The receiving interval can be equal or unequal. In other words, Figure 4 It does not constitute any limitation on the method 300 of the present application. Figure 4 These examples are given only for ease of understanding.

[0191] See also Figure 4 In (a), assuming that data packet 12 is the first data packet, the time when the first data packet is sent is the first time. Assuming that data packet 21 is the second data packet, the second data packet needs to be sent at the first time. Figure 4 In other words, the first network device must Figure 4 The second data packet is sent before the latest sending time shown.

[0192] If the first network device does not send the second data packet within the preset time period from the first moment, the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow will be out of synchronization, resulting in a poor user experience.

[0193] Based on the above scheme, the first network device can send the synchronization data packet within the preset time length of the reference data packet received, so that the delay between the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet can meet the synchronization requirements, thereby achieving synchronization between the synchronization data packet and the reference data packet. Among them, the synchronization data packet and the reference data packet can belong to data streams of different modes respectively. Therefore, the data transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the synchronization effect of data streams of multiple modes, thereby improving the user experience.

[0194] See also Figure 4 In (b) and (c), assuming that the time when the first data packet is sent is T1 (ie, the first time is T1), and the time when the second data packet is received is T2, the actual budget of the second data packet can be obtained according to the following formula.

[0195] Actual budget = preset duration - (T2-T1)

[0196] See also Figure 4 In (b) and (c), the packet budget can be a PDU set delay budget (PSDB), and PSDB can represent the budget delay of a PDU set in a data stream. After the first network device receives a PDU set, it must send the PDU set out in the PSDB. In order to ensure user experience, each PDU set needs to be transmitted within a certain time interval. The so-called transmission refers to the transmission from the sending end to the receiving end of the PDU set. For downlink data transmission, PSDB can be the upper limit of the time delay of the PDU set from UPF to UE, or the upper limit of the time that the data packet may be delayed between UPF and the N6 termination point of the terminal. If the transmission time of a PDU set exceeds PSDB, the user may perceive a large delay, which will cause a decrease in user experience.

[0197] In addition, the above PSDB can also be replaced by packet delay budget (PDB). PDB has similar meanings to PSDB, except that PSDB is for PDU sets, while PDB is for packets. In other words, the above packet budget can also be PDB.

[0198] According to the relationship between the actual budget and the packet budget, the time of sending the second data packet can be further determined. Figure 4In (b), when the packet budget is greater than or equal to the actual budget, the second data packet can be sent according to the actual budget. In other words, the second data packet will be sent by the first network device before the actual budget, or the second data packet will be sent by the first network device before the latest sending time. For another example, see Figure 4 In (c), when the packet budget is less than or equal to the actual budget, the second data packet can be sent according to the packet budget. In other words, the second data packet will be sent by the first network device before the packet budget. The above solution can also be understood as the first network device sending the second data packet according to the smaller value of the actual budget and the packet budget.

[0199] It is understandable that in Figure 4 In the cases shown in (b) and (c), the second data packet is sent by the first network device before the latest sending time, that is, it is sent by the first network device within the preset time period from the first time.

[0200] The first network device can schedule and transmit the second data packet based on the actual budget, thereby ensuring the user experience. Alternatively, the first network device can discard it based on a certain strategy. For example, if the current resource scheduling cannot meet the actual budget, the second data packet can be discarded. This is because failure to meet the actual budget means failure to meet the synchronization requirements, and the user experience is affected. In order to save network resources, the data packet can be discarded.

[0201] As an example, the first network device may use different data radio bearers (DRBs) to transmit the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow respectively. For example, the first QoS flow corresponds to DRB1 transmission, and the second QoS flow corresponds to DRB2 transmission. After the first network device receives the first data packet, it may notify DRB2 corresponding to the second QoS flow to start a timer with a preset duration. If the second data packet is received during the operation of the timer, the first network device may determine the actual budget of the second data packet based on the remaining length of the timer, and the second data packet needs to be transmitted before the timer expires.

[0202] It should be noted that, as mentioned above, the preset duration can be configured in the reference stream (e.g., the first QoS stream) or in the synchronization stream (e.g., the second QoS stream). If the preset duration is configured in the reference stream, the first network device can use the preset duration in the configuration of the reference stream to determine the timer parameters of the DRB of the synchronization stream when configuring the DRB of the synchronization stream. If the preset duration is configured in the synchronization stream, the first network device can directly use the preset duration in the configuration of the synchronization stream to determine the timer parameters of the DRB of the synchronization stream when configuring the DRB of the synchronization stream.

[0203] Based on the above scheme, the first network device can send a synchronization data packet according to the moment when the reference data packet is sent and the preset duration for indicating the synchronization delay information, so that the delay between the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet can meet the synchronization requirement, thereby realizing the synchronization of the synchronization data packet and the reference data packet. Therefore, the data transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present application can improve the synchronization effect of multiple data streams, thereby improving the user experience. And, based on the above scheme, the third network device can obtain the synchronization delay information between the reference stream and the synchronization stream, and send it to the first network device, so that the first network device can send the data packet on the reference stream and the data packet on the synchronization stream according to the preset duration. In this way, the delay between the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet can meet the synchronization requirement, thereby realizing the synchronization of the synchronization data packet and the reference data packet. Therefore, the data transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present application can improve the synchronization effect of multiple data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0204] Figure 5 1 is a schematic flow chart of another data transmission method 500 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method 500 can improve the data synchronization effect of multiple data streams. Figure 5 An embodiment of method 500 is introduced. It should be noted that method 500 can be combined with method 300 .

[0205] S510: The second network device obtains second information, where the second information is used to indicate an association relationship between a data packet of the first QoS flow and a data packet of the second QoS flow.

[0206] As an example, the second network device obtains the second information, which may include: the second network device determines the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow, and determines the second information according to the association relationship. As another example, the second network device does not need to determine the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow, and obtains the second information by other means. For an embodiment of obtaining the second information by other means, see below.

[0207] S520: The second network device sends the second information to the first network device.

[0208] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the second information is carried in the configuration information of the first QoS flow and / or the configuration information of the second QoS flow. In other words, the configuration information of the first QoS flow and / or the configuration information of the second QoS flow may include the second information. For example, the configuration information may be a QoS profile or other forms. For example, the configuration information may be an N2 message sent by a third network device to a first network device. In the implementation method in which the second information is carried in the configuration information of the first QoS flow and / or the configuration information of the second QoS flow, the second information may be sent by a third network device to the first network device. Among them, the third network device may send the second information directly to the first network device, or may send the second information to another network device, and the other network device may send the second information to the first network device.

[0209] In some other implementation scenarios, the second information may be carried in the data of the first QoS flow and / or the second QoS flow sent to the first network device. For example, the second information may be carried in the packet header information corresponding to the data packet of the first QoS flow and / or the second QoS flow. In the implementation method in which the second information is carried in the data sent to the first network device, the second information may be sent by the second network device to the first network device. In other words, the second information may be carried in the data of the first QoS flow and / or the second QoS flow sent by the second network device to the first network device. For details, please refer to the following about Figure 5 and Figure 6 The description is not repeated here.

[0210] Method 500 can be combined with method 300. Method 300 will be described below. Figure 5 and Figure 6 Description.

[0211] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiment, method 300 further includes: receiving second information, where the second information is used by the first network device to determine the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow. Accordingly, the second network device sends the second information to the first network device. That is, the second network device executes S520. Alternatively, the third network device sends the second information to the first network device. Alternatively, other network devices (such as application function network elements) send the second information to the first network device.

[0212] The third network device may directly send the second information to the first network device, or may send the second information to another network device, and the other network device may send the second information to the first network device.

[0213] Based on the above scheme, the first network device can determine the association relationship between the data packets of the reference stream and the data packets of the synchronization stream according to the second information, wherein there is a synchronization requirement between the data packets with the association relationship. Therefore, the above scheme enables the first network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between the data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0214] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a method for associating data packets of different QoS flows provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 The embodiment in which the second information is used by the first network device to determine the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow is specifically introduced. It should be noted that, Figure 6 The horizontal axis in the figure is the receiving time of the data packet, which can be the receiving time when the first network device receives the data packet, or the receiving time when the second network device receives the data packet. The following first introduces an embodiment in which the receiving time is the receiving time when the first network device receives the data packet.

[0215] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiment, the second information is a first identifier, wherein S520 includes: the first network device determines that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet when the first identifier corresponding to the first data packet is the same as the first identifier corresponding to the second data packet. Correspondingly, the second network device sends the second information as the first identifier to the first network device, wherein the method 500 also includes: the second network device sends the first data packet and the second data packet to the first network device, wherein the first data packet corresponds to the first identifier, the second data packet corresponds to the first identifier, the first data packet is transmitted through the first QoS flow, and the second data packet is transmitted through the second QoS flow.

[0216] Exemplarily, the first identifier may be a synchronization sequence number (SSN). For example, the first data packet corresponds to the SSN, and the second data packet also corresponds to the same SSN.

[0217] The first identifier may be carried in the header information corresponding to the first data packet or the second data packet. For example, the header information may be the header information of the N3 data packet, and the header information of the N3 data packet may be understood as the GTP-U header. It should be noted that the first identifier may not be in the header information corresponding to the first data packet or the second data packet. For example, the first identifier may be a parameter independent of the first data packet or the second data packet. In the case where the first identifier is used as an independent parameter, the first identifier may include the identifier of the data packet, so that the first network device can determine the data packet corresponding to the first identifier based on the identifier of the data packet. For example, the first identifier may include the identifier of the first data packet.

[0218] Before the second network device sends the first data packet and the second data packet to the first network device, the method 500 may further include: determining that the first data packet and the second data packet have an association relationship; and adding the first identifier to the first packet header information corresponding to the first data packet and the first packet header information corresponding to the second data packet. The first packet header information may be the packet header information of the N3 packet.

[0219] Before the second network device sends the first data packet and the second data packet to the first network device, the method 500 may also include: determining that the first data packet and the second data packet have an association relationship; determining a first identifier, the first identifier corresponding to the first data packet, and the first identifier corresponding to the second data packet.

[0220] See also Figure 6 In (a), the data packet 12 of the first QoS flow includes the first identifier 1, and the data packet 21 of the second QoS flow also includes the first identifier 1. Therefore, the first network device can determine that the data packet 12 with the first identifier 1 is associated with the data packet 21. In addition, the data packet 14 of the first QoS flow includes the first identifier 2, and the data packet 22 of the second QoS flow also includes the first identifier 2. Therefore, the first network device can determine that the data packet 14 with the first identifier 2 is associated with the data packet 22. It can be understood that the first identifier 1 and the first identifier 2 are different first identifiers.

[0221] Furthermore, among the data packets with the same first identifier, the data packet that arrives at the first network device first can be used as a benchmark for the data packet that arrives later. In other words, among the data packets with the same first identifier, the data packet that arrives at the first network device first can be used as a benchmark data packet, and the data packet that is associated with the data packet that arrives at the first network device first and arrives at the first network device later can be used as a synchronization data packet.

[0222] Based on the above scheme, the first network device can determine that there is an association relationship between data packets carrying the same identifier, wherein there is a synchronization requirement between the data packets with the association relationship. Therefore, the above scheme enables the first network device to identify the baseline data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience. And, based on the above scheme, the second network device can make the data packets with the association relationship have the same identifier, wherein there is a synchronization requirement between the data packets with the association relationship. Therefore, the above scheme enables the first network device to identify the baseline data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0223] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiment, the second information is a second identifier, wherein S520 includes: the first network device receives the first data packet, the first data packet corresponds to the second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that the first data packet is used as a synchronization reference for the data packet of the second QoS flow. Correspondingly, the second network device sends the second information to the first network device as a second identifier, wherein the method 500 also includes: the second network device sends the first data packet to the first network device, wherein the first data packet corresponds to the second identifier, and the second identifier is used to indicate that the first data packet is used as a synchronization reference for the data packet of the second QoS flow.

[0224] As an example, the second identifier can be any identifier, which is used for the first network device to identify and determine the data packet corresponding to the second identifier as the synchronization reference of the data packet of the second QoS flow. As another example, the second identifier can be used to indicate the starting time, which is the time when the first network device receives the data packet corresponding to the second identifier. After the starting time, the data packets of the second QoS flow received by the first network device use the data packet received at the starting time as the synchronization reference.

[0225] The first data packet serves as a synchronization reference for the data packets of the second QoS flow. This can be understood as the first data packet serving as a reference data packet for the data packets of the second QoS flow, or as the first data packet being associated with the data packets of the second QoS flow.

[0226] The second identifier may be carried in the header information corresponding to the first data packet or the second data packet, for example, the header information may be the header information of the N3 data packet. The second identifier may also not be in the header information corresponding to the first data packet or the second data packet, for example, the second identifier may be used as a parameter independent of the first data packet or the second data packet.

[0227] Before the second network device sends the first data packet and the second data packet to the first network device, the method 500 may further include: determining that the first data packet and the second data packet have an association relationship; and adding the second identifier to the first packet header information corresponding to the first data packet. The first packet header information may be the packet header information of the N3 packet.

[0228] Before the second network device sends the first data packet and the second data packet to the first network device, the method 500 may further include: determining that the first data packet has an association relationship with the second data packet; and determining a second identifier, where the second identifier corresponds to the first data packet.

[0229] It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the second network device may determine the second identifier without determining whether the first data packet has an association relationship with the second data packet. Please refer to the embodiments below for details, which will not be described here.

[0230] Based on the above scheme, the second identifier can indicate that the first data packet is used as a reference data packet of the data packet of the second QoS flow, which enables the first network device to identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience. In addition, based on the above scheme, the second network device indicates the reference data packet through the second information, and the reference data packet can be used as a synchronization reference for the data packet of the synchronization flow. The above scheme enables the first network device to identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0231] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the method 300 further includes: after the first network device receives the first data packet, when the first network device receives the second data packet, determining that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

[0232] See also Figure 6 In (b), data packet 12 includes or carries the second identifier, so the first network device can determine that data packet 21 is associated with data packet 12 because data packet 21 is received before data packet 12. Data packet 12 can be understood as a first data packet, and data packet 21 can be understood as a second data packet.

[0233] As an example, the method 300 also includes: after receiving the second data packet, receiving a third data packet, the third data packet corresponds to a second identifier, the second identifier is used to indicate that the third data packet serves as a synchronization reference for the data packet of the second QoS flow, and the third data packet is transmitted through the first QoS flow.

[0234] Furthermore, the method 300 also includes: after the first network device receives the first data packet and before receiving the third data packet, the data packet of the second QoS flow received by the first network device is associated with the first data packet.

[0235] See also Figure 6 In (b), since the first network device receives data packet 21 after receiving data packet 12 (corresponding to the first data packet) and before receiving data packet 14, the first network device can determine that data packet 21 is associated with data packet 12.

[0236] Furthermore, the method 300 further includes: after the first network device receives the third data packet, associating the data packet of the second QoS flow received by the first network device with the third data packet.

[0237] For example, data packet 14 includes or carries the second identifier, so the first network device can determine that data packet 22 is associated with data packet 14 because data packet 22 is received before data packet 14. Data packet 14 can be understood as a third data packet.

[0238] It can be understood that the second identifier corresponding to the third data packet and the second identifier corresponding to the first data packet may be the same identifier or different identifiers.

[0239] For the second identifier corresponding to the third data packet, the second identifier can be used to indicate the start time and can also be used to indicate the end time. The start time is the time when the first network device receives the third data packet. After the start time, the data packets of the second QoS flow received by the first network device use the third data packet received at the start time as a synchronization reference. The end time is also the time when the first network device receives the third data packet. Before the end time, the data packets of the second QoS flow received by the first network device use the last data packet (such as the first data packet) as a synchronization reference. In other words, in the time period between the start time indicated by the second identifier corresponding to the first data packet and the end time indicated by the second identifier corresponding to the third data packet, the data packets of the second QoS flow received by the first network device use the first data packet as a synchronization reference.

[0240] See also Figure 6 In (b), since the first network device receives data packet 21 during the time period from the start time indicated by the second identifier corresponding to data packet 12 to the end time indicated by the second identifier corresponding to data packet 14, data packet 21 uses data packet 12 as a synchronization reference.

[0241] Based on the above solution, the second identifier can indicate that the first data packet is a reference data packet of the data packet on the synchronization stream, and the first network device can determine that the data packet of the synchronization stream received after the reference data packet is associated with the reference data packet. The above solution enables the first network device to identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0242] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiment, the receiving of the second information includes: receiving the second information from a second network device.

[0243] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the second information is used to indicate a first duration, wherein the method 300 also includes: determining the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow based on the moment when the first network device receives the data packets of the first QoS flow, the first duration, and the moment when the first network device receives the data packets of the second QoS flow.

[0244] It is understandable that the preset duration includes determining the transmission delay of the synchronization data packet, and the first duration includes determining the associated data packet. The first duration and the preset duration may be the same or different. The first duration and the preset duration may be one parameter or two parameters. When the preset duration and the first duration are the same parameter, the parameter has the function of determining both the associated data packet and the transmission delay.

[0245] The first duration may also have other names, such as associated time window, time window, associated duration, etc. This application limits the specific name of the first duration.

[0246] It should be noted that, when the second information is used to indicate the first duration, the second information may be received by the first network device from the third network device, or may be received from the second network device. Figure 5 Although only a scheme in which the first network device receives the second information from the second network device is shown, the present application is not limited to this, and the first network device may also receive the second information from the third network device.

[0247] The second information sent by the second network device or the third network device to the first network device may come from other network devices (such as application function network elements), or may be determined by the second network device or the third network device. In other words, the first network device may receive the second information from the third network device, and the second information is used to indicate the first duration. The first network device may receive the second information from the second network device, and the second information is used to indicate the first duration.

[0248] See also Figure 6 In (c), the associated time period corresponding to a data packet of the first QoS flow is determined from the start position of the associated time period corresponding to the data packet when the data packet is received, and the first duration is used as the length of the associated time period. For example, data packet 11 corresponds to associated time period 1, data packet 12 corresponds to associated time period 2, data packet 13 corresponds to associated time period 3, and data packet 14 corresponds to associated time period 4. It should be noted that in order to better combine Figure 5 Explain the above scheme, Figure 5 The associated time periods in (b) are not aligned on the horizontal axis, but the lengths of the associated time periods (ie, the first durations) are consistent.

[0249] Continue to see Figure 6 In (c), data packet 21 of the second QoS flow is located in the associated time period 2, and the associated time period 2 corresponds to data packet 12. Therefore, data packet 21 is associated with data packet 12; data packet 22 of the second QoS flow is located in the associated time period 4, and the associated time period 4 corresponds to data packet 14. Therefore, data packet 22 is associated with data packet 14.

[0250] If a synchronization data packet is within the associated time period of multiple reference data packets, the synchronization data packet may use any one of the multiple reference data packets as a synchronization reference, or the synchronization data packet may use the data packet first received by the first network device among the multiple reference data packets as a synchronization reference.

[0251] As an example, the first network device may start a timer with a first duration based on the reception time of the data packet 12. Before the timer expires, the data packet received on the second QoS flow is a data packet associated with the data packet 12.

[0252] Based on the above solution, the first network device can determine the association relationship between the data packets on the reference stream and the data packets on the synchronization stream according to the time when the first network device receives the data packets on the reference stream, the first duration, and the time when the data packets on the synchronization stream are received. The above solution enables the first network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0253] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow is determined based on the moment when the first network device receives the data packet of the first QoS flow, the first duration and the moment when the first network device receives the data packet of the second QoS flow, including: when the first network device receives the second data packet within the first duration from the time when the first network device receives the first data packet, determining that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

[0254] That is, the first network device may directly use the first duration received by the first network device as the associated time window to determine the associated data packet.

[0255] Based on the above scheme, the first network device can determine that the data packets received within the first time period after receiving the reference data packet are synchronization data packets, which enables the first network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0256] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the first duration is related to first jitter information and / or second jitter information, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow.

[0257] That is, the second network device or the third network device may determine the first duration according to the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information. The second network device or the third network device determines the first duration according to the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information similar to the embodiment in which the first network device determines the second duration according to the first duration. The embodiment in which the first network device determines the second duration according to the first duration is described later and will not be repeated here.

[0258] The first jitter information can reflect the jitter of the N6 data packet corresponding to the data packet of the first QoS flow. The second jitter information can reflect the jitter of the N6 data packet corresponding to the data packet of the second QoS flow. However, the present application is not limited to this. For example, the jitter information can also reflect the jitter of the N3 data packet corresponding to the data packet of a QoS flow. The jitter information can be understood as delay information. The jitter information of the N6 data packet can be determined by the second network device, and the second network device can send the jitter information of the N6 data packet to other network devices. The other network devices receive the jitter information of the N6 data packet and determine the first duration based on the jitter information of the N6 data packet.

[0259] The jitter information may be a value, for example, 1 ms (millisecond); the jitter information may also be a value range, for example, 1-5 ms.

[0260] Based on the above scheme, the first duration takes into account the jitter of the first QoS flow and / or the jitter of the second QoS flow. In the event of a delay in receiving a data packet, the scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application can still accurately identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, thereby improving the applicability of the data transmission method.

[0261] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow is determined according to the moment when the first network device receives the data packet of the first QoS flow, the first duration and the moment when the first network device receives the data packet of the second QoS flow, including: determining the second duration according to the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information, and the first duration, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow; and determining that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet if the first network device receives the second data packet within the second duration from the time when the first network device receives the first data packet.

[0262] That is, after receiving the second information indicating the first duration, the first network device may determine the second duration according to the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information and the first duration.

[0263] As mentioned above, jitter information can also reflect the jitter of N6 data packets corresponding to a QoS flow data packet, the jitter of N3 data packets, and the jitter of data packets on other interfaces. Jitter information can be understood as delay information.

[0264] The above scheme can be understood as the first network device determines the final association time window (corresponding to the second duration) based on the original association time window (corresponding to the first duration) and jitter information indicated by the core network device. In other words, the first network device can adjust the length of the association time window according to the jitter information. For example, when the duration of the association time window (corresponding to the first duration) is 10ms and the jitter information is plus or minus 1ms, the adjusted length of the association time window (corresponding to the second duration) is 11 to 9ms.

[0265] The jitter information may indicate jitter of the data packet. If the jitter indicated by the jitter information is positive, it means that the data packet arrives at the target device (such as the first network device, the second network device or other device) later, and if the jitter indicated by the jitter information is negative, it means that the data packet arrives at the target device earlier.

[0266] By integrating jitter information of at least one of the multiple data streams, an adjusted correlation time window (corresponding to the second duration) may be determined. In some embodiments, the duration of the adjusted correlation time window may be calculated using the following formula.

[0267] Second duration = first duration - jitter of reference stream

[0268] For example, the first QoS flow is a reference flow, and the jitter of the data packets on the first QoS flow is jitter 1. The second duration can be set to the first duration minus jitter 1. If the reference flow arrives at the target device earlier than the theoretical arrival time, the jitter of the reference flow is a positive number, and the second duration is smaller than the first duration. If the reference flow arrives at the target device later than the theoretical arrival time, the jitter of the reference flow is a negative number, and the second duration is larger than the first duration.

[0269] In other embodiments, the adjusted duration of the associated time window may be calculated using the following formula.

[0270] Second duration = first duration + jitter of synchronous data stream

[0271] For example, if the second QoS flow is a synchronous flow, and the jitter of the data packets on the second QoS flow is jitter 2, the second duration can be set to the first duration plus jitter 1. If the synchronous flow arrives at the target device earlier than the theoretical arrival time, the jitter of the synchronous flow is a positive number, and the second duration is longer than the first duration. If the synchronous flow arrives at the target device later than the theoretical arrival time, the jitter of the synchronous flow is a negative number, and the second duration is shorter than the first duration.

[0272] In some further embodiments, the adjusted duration of the associated time window may be calculated using the following formula.

[0273] Second duration = first duration - jitter of reference data stream + jitter of synchronization data stream

[0274] This calculation method can be a combination of the first two calculation methods. For examples, please refer to the first two embodiments, which will not be described here.

[0275] Based on the above solution, the first network device takes into account the jitter of the first QoS flow and / or the jitter of the second QoS flow on the basis of the second duration to obtain the first duration. In the case of jitter in the received data packet, the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application can still accurately identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, thereby improving the applicability of the data transmission method.

[0276] The second network device or the third network device determines the first duration according to the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information in a similar manner to the above-mentioned embodiment in which the first network device determines the second duration according to the first duration, and thus will not be described in detail.

[0277] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the method 300 also includes: the third network device sends second information to the first network device, the second information is used to indicate a first duration, wherein the first duration is used by the first network device to determine the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow.

[0278] The third network device may directly send the second information to the first network device, or may send the second information to another network device, and the other network device may send the second information to the first network device.

[0279] Based on the above solution, the third network device can indicate the first duration to the first network device through the second information, so that the first network device can determine the association between the data packets on the reference stream and the data packets on the synchronization stream according to the first duration. The above solution enables the first network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between the data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0280] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the method 300 also includes: a third network device receives third information from an application function network element, and the third information is used to indicate a fifth duration; the third network device determines the first duration based on the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information, and the fifth duration, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow.

[0281] The embodiment in which the third network device determines the third duration based on the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information and the fifth duration is similar to the embodiment in which the first network device determines the second duration based on the first duration. The difference is that in this embodiment, the first duration is replaced by the fifth duration, the second duration is replaced by the third duration, and the device for determining the adjusted associated time window is replaced by the third network device from the first network device. For details, please refer to the above embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0282] Based on the above solution, the third network device can take into account the jitter of the first QoS flow and / or the jitter of the second QoS flow on the basis of the fifth duration indicated by the application function network element to obtain the first duration. In the case of a delay in receiving a data packet, the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application can still accurately identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, thereby improving the applicability of the data transmission method.

[0283] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the method 300 further includes: the third network device receives fourth information from the second network device, where the fourth information is used to indicate the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information.

[0284] Based on the above solution, the third network device can obtain the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information from the second network device, thereby taking into account the jitter of the first QoS flow and / or the jitter of the second QoS flow on the basis of the fifth duration indicated by the application function network element to obtain the first duration. In the case of a delay in receiving a data packet, the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application can still accurately identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, thereby improving the applicability of the data transmission method.

[0285] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow are respectively used to transmit at least two of the data flows of different modes of the target service.

[0286] The modality of the first QoS flow is different from the modality of the second QoS flow. For example, when the first QoS flow is an auditory flow, the second QoS flow may be a visual flow or a tactile flow. However, the present application does not limit the specific modalities of the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow.

[0287] Based on the above scheme, the data transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the synchronization effect of data streams of multiple modes, thereby improving the user experience.

[0288] It should be noted that, in some other embodiments, the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow can be used to transmit data flows of the same mode of the target service.

[0289] Combine the following Figure 5 An embodiment of the method 500 is described in detail.

[0290] See also Figure 5 Based on method 500, the second network device can send the second information to the first network device, so that the first network device can determine the association between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow according to the second information, thereby enabling the first network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, thereby realizing synchronization between multiple data streams.

[0291] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the method 500 also includes: the second network device receives indication information from a third network device, and the indication information is used to trigger the second network device to determine the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow; wherein, S510 includes: determining the second information based on the indication information.

[0292] Correspondingly, the method 300 further includes: the third network device sends indication information to the second network device.

[0293] For example, the third network device may send the indication information to the second network device via an N4 session establishment message or an N4 session modification message. The present application does not limit the specific message carried by the indication information, and the third network device may send the indication information to the second network device via other messages. For example, the indication information may be carried in a request message, a configuration message, or other messages.

[0294] It is understandable that the indication information can trigger the process of the second network device determining the association relationship between the data packets of multiple QoS flows. This application does not limit the name of the indication information, for example, the name of the indication information can also be request information, configuration information or other names.

[0295] In some embodiments, the indication information is also used to instruct the second network device to send the association relationship between the data packet of the first QoS flow and the data packet of the second QoS flow to the first network device. In other words, the indication information can be used to trigger the second network device to determine the association relationship between the data packet of the first QoS flow and the data packet of the second QoS flow, and send the association relationship to the first network device.

[0296] Based on the above scheme, after receiving the indication information, the second network device can identify the association between the data packets of the reference stream and the data packets of the synchronization stream. Therefore, the first network device can identify the reference data packets and the synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized through the second information determined and sent by the second network device. The above scheme further improves the synchronization effect between the data streams, thereby improving the user experience. In addition, based on the above scheme, the third network device can send indication information to the second network device, so that the second network device can identify the association between the data packets of the reference stream and the data packets of the synchronization stream. The above scheme further improves the synchronization effect between the data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0297] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the method 500 also includes: receiving a target identifier from an application function network element, wherein the target identifier is used to determine an association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow.

[0298] Exemplarily, the target identifier may be similar to the aforementioned first identifier, and when at least one data packet of the second QoS flow from the application function network element corresponds to the target identifier, the second network device may determine that the at least one data packet is associated with the first data packet.

[0299] Exemplarily, the target identifier may be similar to the aforementioned second identifier. After the second network device receives the first data packet from the application function network element, at least one data packet of the second QoS flow from the application function network element received by the second network device is associated with the first data packet.

[0300] Based on the above scheme, the second network device can determine the association relationship between the data packets of the reference flow and the data packets of the synchronization flow according to the target identifier, wherein there is a synchronization requirement between the data packets with the association relationship. Therefore, the above scheme enables the second network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between the data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0301] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, receiving a target identifier from an application function network element includes: receiving a first data packet and a second data packet from the application function network element, wherein the first data packet corresponds to the target identifier and the second data packet corresponds to the target identifier; when the target identifier corresponding to the second data packet is the same as the target identifier corresponding to the first data packet, determining that the first data packet and the second data packet are associated.

[0302] The specific embodiment is similar to the above embodiment related to the first identifier, for example, see Figure 6 The difference is that Figure 6The first identifier in (a) is replaced by the target identifier ( Figure 6 not shown), Figure 6 The horizontal axis of (a) represents the reception time of the data packet received by the third network device.

[0303] Based on the above solution, the second network device can determine that the data packets carrying the same identifier are associated with each other, wherein the associated data packets have synchronization requirements. Therefore, the above solution enables the second network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0304] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the target identifier is also used to indicate at least one data packet of the synchronization reference of the data packets of the second QoS flow, wherein receiving the target identifier from the application function network element includes: receiving a first data packet, the first data packet corresponding to the target identifier, and after the second network device receives the first data packet, when the second network device receives a second data packet, determining that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

[0305] The specific embodiment is similar to the above embodiment related to the second identifier, for example, see Figure 6 The difference is that Figure 6 The second identifier in (b) is replaced by the target identifier ( Figure 6 not shown), Figure 6 The horizontal axis of (b) represents the reception time of the data packet received by the third network device.

[0306] Based on the above scheme, the target identifier can indicate the first data packet as a reference data packet of the synchronization stream, and the second network device can determine that the data packet of the synchronization stream received after the reference data packet is associated with the reference data packet. The above scheme enables the first network device to identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0307] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the indication information is also used to indicate a third duration, wherein the method 500 also includes: the second network device determines the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow based on the moment when the second network device receives the data packets of the first QoS flow, the third duration and the moment when the second network device receives the data packets of the second QoS flow.

[0308] That is, the third duration is used by the second network device to determine the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow.

[0309] The specific embodiments are similar to the aforementioned embodiments related to the first duration, for example, see Figure 6 (c) in . The difference is that Figure 6 The first duration in (c) is replaced by the third duration ( Figure 6 not shown), Figure 6 The horizontal axis of (c) represents the reception time of the data packet received by the third network device.

[0310] Based on the above scheme, the second network device can determine the association relationship between the data packets on the reference stream and the data packets on the synchronization stream according to the time when the second network device receives the data packets on the reference stream, the third duration, and the time when the data packets on the synchronization stream are received. The above scheme enables the second network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience. Moreover, based on the above scheme, the third network device can also indicate the third duration to the second network device through indication information, so that the second network device can determine the association relationship between the data packets on the reference stream and the data packets on the synchronization stream according to the third duration. The above scheme enables the second network device to identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0311] Optionally, in other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the method 300 also includes: a third network device receives third information from an application function network element, and the third information is used to indicate a fifth duration; the third network device determines the third duration based on the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information, and the fifth duration, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow.

[0312] The embodiment in which the third network device determines the first duration based on the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information and the fifth duration is similar to the embodiment in which the first network device determines the second duration based on the first duration. The difference is that in this embodiment, the first duration in the aforementioned embodiment is replaced by the fifth duration, and the second duration in the aforementioned embodiment is replaced by the first duration, and the device for determining the adjusted associated time window is replaced by the third network device from the first network device. For details, please refer to the above embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0313] It should be noted that the third duration is indicated by the indication information, and the indication information can trigger the process of the second network device identifying the associated data packets of multiple QoS flows, and can also indicate the third duration. The first duration is indicated by the second information, and the second information is different from the indication information. The second information may not trigger the process of the second network device identifying the associated data packets of multiple QoS flows. In other words, the process of triggering the second network device to identify the associated data packets of multiple QoS flows and the associated time window can be coupled or decoupled. The first duration and the third duration can be the same or different.

[0314] Based on the above scheme, the third duration takes into account the jitter of the first QoS flow and / or the jitter of the second QoS flow. In the event of a delay in receiving data packets, the scheme provided in the embodiment of the present application can still accurately identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, thereby improving the applicability of the data transmission method.

[0315] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the method 300 further includes: the third network device receives fourth information from the second network device, where the fourth information is used to indicate the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information.

[0316] Based on the above solution, the third network device can obtain the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information from the second network device, thereby taking into account the jitter of the first QoS flow and / or the jitter of the second QoS flow on the basis of the fifth duration indicated by the application function network element to obtain the first duration. In the case of a delay in receiving a data packet, the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application can still accurately identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, thereby improving the applicability of the data transmission method.

[0317] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the second network device determines the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow based on the moment when the second network device receives the data packets of the first QoS flow, the third time duration and the moment when the second network device receives the data packets of the second QoS flow, including: when the second network device receives the second data packet within the third time duration from the time when the second network device receives the first data packet, the second network device determines that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

[0318] That is, the second network device may directly use the third duration as the associated time window to determine the associated data packet.

[0319] Based on the above scheme, the second network device can determine that the data packets received within the third time period after receiving the benchmark data packet are synchronization data packets, which enables the second network device to identify the benchmark data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience.

[0320] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the third duration is related to the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow.

[0321] That is, the third network device may determine the third duration according to the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information. For specific embodiments, please refer to the embodiments of the third network device below, which will not be described in detail here.

[0322] Jitter information can reflect the jitter of a data packet corresponding to a data packet of a QoS flow, and jitter information can be understood as delay information. For other meanings of jitter information, please refer to the description of jitter information above, which will not be repeated here.

[0323] Based on the above scheme, the third duration takes into account the jitter of the first QoS flow and / or the jitter of the second QoS flow. In the event of a delay in receiving data packets, the scheme provided in the embodiment of the present application can still accurately identify the reference data packets and synchronization data packets that need to be synchronized, thereby improving the applicability of the data transmission method.

[0324] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the second network device determines the association relationship between the data packet of the first QoS flow and the data packet of the second QoS flow based on the time when the second network device receives the data packet of the first QoS flow, the third time duration and the time when the second network device receives the data packet of the second QoS flow, including: the second network device determines a fourth time duration based on the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information, and the third time duration, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow; within the fourth time duration from the time when the second network device receives the first data packet, if the second network device receives the second data packet, the second network device determines that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

[0325] That is to say, after receiving the indication information indicating the third duration, the second network device can determine the fourth duration according to the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information and the third duration. This scheme is similar to the above-mentioned embodiment in which the first network device determines the second duration according to the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information and the first duration, except that, in this scheme, the third duration is replaced by the first duration, and the second duration is replaced by the fourth duration, and the device for determining the adjusted associated time window is replaced by the second network device from the first network device, and the details are referred to the above embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0326] Based on the above solution, the second network device takes into account the jitter of the first QoS flow and / or the jitter of the second QoS flow on the basis of the third duration to obtain a fourth duration. In the case of a delay in receiving a data packet, the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application can still accurately identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, thereby improving the applicability of the data transmission method.

[0327] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the method 500 also includes: the second network device receives the first data packet from the application function network element; determines a target identifier corresponding to the first data packet, the target identifier being used to indicate that the first data packet serves as a synchronization reference for the data packet of the second QoS flow; wherein, sending the first data packet to the first network device includes: sending the first data packet to the first network device, the first data packet corresponding to the second identifier.

[0328] The target identifier and the second identifier may be carried in the header information corresponding to the first data packet. For example, the first header information may be the header information of an N6 data packet, the first header information may include the target identifier, and the first header information may be the header information of the first data packet encapsulated by the application function network element. The second header information may be the header information of an N3 data packet, the second header information may include the second identifier, and the second header information may be the header information of the first data packet encapsulated by the second network device. The first data packet may be understood as the payload portion of an N6 data packet or an N3 data packet.

[0329] The target identifier and the second identifier may not be in the packet header information corresponding to the first data packet. For example, the target identifier and the second identifier may be used as parameters independent of the first data packet.

[0330] It should be noted that, in the above scheme, the second network device may not determine the association relationship between the first data packet and the data packet of the second QoS flow. The above scheme can be understood as, after the second network device receives the first data packet from the application function network element, if the second network device identifies or parses the first data packet corresponding to the identifier for indicating that the first data packet is a synchronization reference for the data packet of the second QoS flow, then the second network device can correspond the identifier indicating that the first data packet is a synchronization reference for the data packet of the second QoS flow to the first data packet during the process of sending the first data packet.

[0331] The second identifier and the target identifier may be the same or different.

[0332] Based on the above scheme, the target identifier can indicate that the first data packet is a reference data packet of the data packet on the synchronization stream. When the second network device identifies that the first data packet corresponds to the target identifier, it can make the first data packet sent to the first network device correspond to the second identifier. Therefore, the above scheme enables the first network device to identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet that need to be synchronized, further improving the synchronization effect between data streams, thereby improving the user experience. In addition, the second network device does not need to identify the reference data packet and the synchronization data packet in the above scheme, which improves the data transmission efficiency.

[0333] Optionally, in some other implementation scenarios of the above embodiments, the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow are respectively used to transmit at least two of the data flows of different modes of the target service.

[0334] Based on the above scheme, the data transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the synchronization effect of data streams of multiple modes, thereby improving the user experience.

[0335] Figure 7 It is a schematic flowchart of another data transmission method 700 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0336] See also Figure 7 The data transmission method 700 involves the interaction between multiple core network elements and access network devices. Figure 7 This is only an example and does not constitute a limitation of the present application. Figure 7 Method 700 is described.

[0337] S710, the AF sends the service requirements of multiple SDFs to the PCF, wherein the service requirements include the transmission requirements corresponding to each SDF and the synchronous delay budget (SyncDB) between the multiple SDFs.

[0338] Taking the above multiple SDFs as two SDFs as an example, the modes of SDF1 and SDF2 in the two SDFs may be different. For example, SDF1 corresponds to the first QoS flow in the above method 300, and SDF2 corresponds to the second QoS flow in the above method 300.

[0339] Business requirements can be unidirectional. For example, the business requirements of SDF1 can be expressed as {SDF1: PSDB1}. The business requirements of SDF2 can be expressed as {SDF2: PSDB2, SyncDB->SDF1, associated time window->SDF1}. The above unidirectional requirements can be understood as SDF1 can receive and send normally without considering synchronization issues, and SDF2 needs to consider how to synchronize with SDF1.

[0340] Business requirements can also be bidirectional. For example, the business requirements of SDF1 can be expressed as {SDF1: PSDB1, SyncDB->SDF2, associated time window->SDF2}. The business requirements of SDF2 can be expressed as {SDF2: PSDB2, SyncDB->SDF1, associated time window->SDF1}. The above bidirectional requirements can be understood as SDF1 needs to consider how to synchronize with SDF2, and SDF2 also needs to consider how to synchronize with SDF1. Or it can be understood that, based on SDF1, SDF2 has synchronization requirements relative to SDF1, and at the same time, based on SDF2, SDF1 also has synchronization requirements relative to SDF2. That is, SDF1 and SDF2 have synchronization requirements with each other.

[0341] The above business requirements may not include the associated time window. For example, the business requirements of SDF1 can be expressed as {SDF1: PSDB1}. The business requirements of SDF2 can be expressed as {SDF2: PSDB2, SyncDB->SDF1}. For another example, the business requirements of SDF1 can be expressed as {SDF1: PSDB1, SyncDB->SDF2}. The business requirements of SDF2 can be expressed as {SDF2: PSDB2, SyncDB->SDF1}.

[0342] It should be noted that, in addition to being provided by the AF, the above-mentioned association time window may also be determined by the UPF itself. Alternatively, the association time window may also be provided by other network elements (such as NWDAF). Exemplarily, after the other network elements determine the association time window, the other network elements may send information indicating the association time window to the SMF, and the SMF sends the information indicating the association time window to the access network device.

[0343] The PSDB can also be replaced by a packet delay budget (PDB). The meanings of PDB and PSDB are similar, except that PSDB is for a PDU set, while PDB is for a packet.

[0344] The value of SyncDB can be the aforementioned preset duration. SyncDB is the budget delay for synchronization between an SDF and a reference SDF. For example, when data packet 11 in the reference SDF arrives at the access network device at time t0, data packet 21 in the SDF associated with data packet 11 should be sent within SyncDB from time t0.

[0345] The value of the associated time window may be the aforementioned first duration, second duration, third duration, fourth duration or fifth duration. For example, according to the associated time window, data packets with synchronization requirements on other SDFs that are associated with the reference SDF can be determined relative to the reference SDF. Taking "Associated Time Window->SDF1" as an example, with SDF1 as the reference SDF, data packet 11 on SDF1 arrives at the access network device at time t0, or the access network device sends data packet 11 at time t0. Assuming that the associated time window is △t, then the data packet on SDF2 within △t starting from time t0, that is, within t0+△t, is associated with data packet 11 (or has synchronization requirements).

[0346] In some embodiments, S710 may include: the AF sends the service requirements of multiple SDFs to a network exposure function (NEF), and the NEF sends the service requirements of the multiple SDFs to the PCF.

[0347] NEF is located between the 5G core network and the external third-party application function body (in some other embodiments, NEF also includes part of AF), and is responsible for managing the network element open to the outside world. AF can send information directly to PCF, or send information to PCF through NEF. NEF can provide corresponding security guarantees to ensure the security of external applications to the 3GPP network, and provide external application QoS customization capability opening, mobility status event subscription, AF request distribution and other functions.

[0348] S720, PCF generates a policy and charging control (PCC) rule according to the above service requirements, and sends the PCC rule to SMF. PCC rule includes SDF description information and SDF service requirements, that is, the service requirements provided by AF in S710.

[0349] S730, SMF sends indication information to UPF, where the indication information is used to determine the associated data packets on the associated QoS flow.

[0350] For example, SMF can send indication information to UPF through N4 session establishment message or N4 session modification message.

[0351] In this way, the UPF can send the above indication information (ie, the indication information in S730) to the access network device via a general packet radio service tunneling protocol user plane (GTP-U) message. The specific process can be referred to in the following S760 and S770, which will not be described here.

[0352] S740, SMF determines the synchronization requirement between multiple QoS flows according to the PCC rule, and sends the synchronization requirement to the access network device.

[0353] For example, SMF can establish QoS flow 1 (corresponding to SDF1) and QoS flow 2 (corresponding to SDF2) according to PCC rule, determine the synchronization requirement between QoS flow 1 and QoS flow 2, and then send the synchronization requirement to the access network device.

[0354] For example, SMF sends an N2 SM message to the access network device. The QoS profile of the N2 SM message includes a synchronization requirement, which includes a QoS flow identifier associated with a QoS flow and a SyncDB. Taking a unidirectional requirement as an example, the synchronization requirement can be configured in the reference flow or in the synchronized flow, for example:

[0355] QoS Profile 1 {5QI, PSDB, SyncDB->QFI2} QoS Profile 2 {5QI, PSDB}, or,

[0356] QoS Profile 1 {5QI, PSDB} QoS Profile 2 {5QI, PSDB, SyncDB <- QFI1}

[0357] Among them, the 5G QoS identifier (5QI) is a standardized scalar, and the value of 5QI corresponds one-to-one with some 5G QoS characteristics. The QoS flow identifier (QFI) is the identifier of the QoS flow. The QFI can be generated by the SMF and can be the same as or different from the 5QI.

[0358] QoS profile 1 can be understood as the QoS profile corresponding to QoS flow 1 (QoS flow with QFI of 1), and QoS profile 2 can be understood as the QoS profile corresponding to QoS flow 2 (QoS flow with QFI of 2).

[0359] The first information may include a preset duration, for example, the first information may be the above-mentioned SyncDB. The first information may also be used to indicate that multiple QoS flows have an association relationship, for example, the first information may be the above-mentioned SyncDB->QFI2 or SyncDB<-QFI1. The first information may also be configuration information of the QoS flow, for example, the first information may be the above-mentioned QoS profile 1 or profile 2.

[0360] In addition, the N2 SM message sent by the SMF to the access network device may also include another indication information, and the other indication information is used to instruct the RAN to perform synchronization between the QoS flow 1 and the QoS flow 2 according to at least two associated data packets, and the at least two associated data packets are data packets with an associated relationship on QoS flow 1 and QoS flow 2. In other words, the other indication information is used to instruct the RAN to perform synchronization between multiple QoS flows based on the granularity of the associated data packets. In this way, the access network device can obtain information about data packets with an associated relationship between different QoS flows by parsing the GTP-U message from the UPF. Alternatively, the access network device can identify data packets with an associated relationship between different QoS flows through an associated time window.

[0361] The above another indication information may be the first information. That is to say, the first information may have the function of the above another indication information.

[0362] It should be noted that SMF can send N2 SM message to access network equipment through AMF. For example, SMF sends Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTansfer including N2 SM message to AMF, and AMF sends N2 SM message to access network equipment through N2 PDU session request message. AMF does not parse N2 SM message, but only performs transparent transmission.

[0363] S750: After receiving the downlink data, the UPF determines the associated data packets on the associated QoS flow.

[0364] For example, after receiving data packet 21 on QoS flow2, UPF can determine which of the multiple data packets (data packet 11, data packet 12 and data packet 13) received on QoS flow1 that are associated with data packet 21 is associated with data packet 21.

[0365] There are many specific ways, which are introduced below.

[0366] For example, see Figure 6 The embodiment related to (a) in the embodiment is similar to the solution of the above embodiment, except that the data packet here is an N6 data packet, so the first identifier can be carried in the N6 packet header. In addition, the execution subject here is the UPF, not the access network device. In addition, if this method is adopted, there is no need to provide an associated time window in S710.

[0367] For example, see Figure 6 The embodiment related to (c) in the embodiment is similar to the solution of the above embodiment, except that the data packet here is an N6 data packet, so the second identifier can be carried in the N6 packet header. In addition, the execution subject here is the UPF, not the access network device. In addition, if this method is adopted, there is no need to provide an associated time window in S710.

[0368] For example, see Figure 6 The embodiment related to (c) in the figure is similar to the scheme of the aforementioned embodiment, except that the execution subject here is UPF instead of access network equipment.

[0369] S760, UPF provides the access network device with the association relationship between the data packets with synchronization requirements on different QoS flows through GTP-U.

[0370] For example, see Figure 6 The embodiments related to (a), (b) or (c) here are similar to the solutions of the aforementioned embodiments, except that the executor here is the UPF in the core network device.

[0371] S770, after receiving the data packet, the access network device determines the transmission delay of the data packet with synchronization requirement according to the reception time of the reference data packet, the reception time of the synchronization data packet, the synchronization requirement in the QoS configuration information, and the PDB / PSDB of the synchronization data packet. In other words, the access network device executes the corresponding steps of the aforementioned method embodiment.

[0372] Based on the above solution, the preset duration can be sent by the SMF to the access network device, and the access network device determines the synchronization requirements between the data packets with synchronization requirements on different data streams. The associated time window can be sent by the SMF to the UPF, and the UPF can determine the data packets with synchronization requirements on different data streams based on the associated time window.

[0373] The present application also provides a data transmission method, including: an application function network element sends a synchronization requirement between a first service flow and a second service flow to a policy control network element; the policy control network element generates a synchronization policy according to the synchronization requirement; the policy control network element sends the synchronization policy to a session management network element; the session management network element generates a synchronization configuration according to the synchronization policy; the session management network element sends the synchronization configuration to an access network device. In other words, the application function network element configures the synchronization requirement between the first service flow and the second service flow for the access network device.

[0374] In some embodiments, the application function network element initiates data transmission of the first service flow and the second service flow to the terminal device. The first service flow and the second service flow pass through the user plane function network element and the access network device to reach the terminal device. The first service flow and the second service flow meet the synchronization requirement.

[0375] In some embodiments, the application function network element initiates data transmission of a first data packet and a second data packet to a terminal device, and the first data packet and the second data packet pass through the user plane function network element and the access network device to reach the terminal device, and the first data packet and the second data packet meet the synchronization requirement, wherein the first data packet is associated with the second data packet, the first data packet is transmitted through a first service flow, and the second data packet is transmitted through a second service flow.

[0376] In some embodiments, the application function network element receives a first service request message or a first service subscription message from a terminal device, and the first service request corresponds to a first service or a first application. The first service or the first application corresponds to at least two service flows, including the first service flow and the second service flow, that is, the execution of the first service or the first application requires the application function network element to transmit at least two service flows. The first service request message or the first service subscription message also carries a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate the first service or the first application, wherein the first service or the first application corresponds to a first provider. Exemplarily, the service includes but is not limited to games, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), extended reality (XR) and other services, and the corresponding service flows include but are not limited to multimodal service flows such as auditory service flows, visual service flows, and tactile service flows, and the provider is the provider of the service.

[0377] In some embodiments, the application function network element sends the synchronization requirement between the first service flow and the second service flow to the policy control network element in response to the first service request message or the first service subscription message.

[0378] In some embodiments, the application function network element spontaneously sends the synchronization requirement between the first service flow and the second service flow to the policy control network element.

[0379] The present application also provides a data transmission method, including: receiving a first message from a first terminal device through a first interface, wherein the first message corresponds to a first service or a first application; determining a first synchronization strategy and at least two service flows corresponding to the first service or the first application based on the first message; completing synchronization configuration according to the first synchronization strategy and sending the at least two service flows to the first terminal device or other terminal devices.

[0380] Exemplarily, the first message may be a first service request message or a first service subscription message; the at least two service flows sent to the first terminal device or other terminal devices meet the synchronization requirements of the first service or the first application.

[0381] In some embodiments, the application function network element receives the first message, and determines at least two service flows and synchronization requirement information corresponding to the first service or the first application according to the first service or the first application corresponding to the first message. The application function network element also sends the at least two service flows and synchronization requirement information corresponding to the first service or the first application to the policy control network element. The policy control network element generates synchronization policy information according to the synchronization requirement information and sends it to the session management network element. The session management network element generates synchronization configuration information according to the received information and sends it to the access network device. The access network device completes the configuration according to the synchronization configuration information, synchronizes the at least two received service flows, and sends them to the terminal through the second interface.

[0382] In some embodiments, the synchronization configuration information generated by the session management network element is used to indicate synchronization between two associated data packets on the at least two service flows. The two data packets are transmitted by the at least two service flows respectively, and are not transmitted by the same service flow.

[0383] In some embodiments, the application function network element, the policy control network element, the image management network element and the access network device are configured to implement the solutions in the aforementioned embodiments.

[0384] In some embodiments, the first synchronization strategy is determined according to synchronization requirement information. The synchronization requirement information may be a specific value, or a value range, or a delay threshold, or a qualitative description (such as "low", "medium", etc.).

[0385] Optionally, in some embodiments, the synchronization information may be preconfigured.

[0386] Optionally, in some embodiments, the first message also carries a first requirement, where the requirement includes a delay requirement, which can also be understood as a synchronization requirement, and is used to indicate synchronization information between data streams of corresponding services.

[0387] In some embodiments, the application function network element further receives data, the data corresponding to the at least two service flows mentioned above. The data may be received through the first interface or through a preset second interface.

[0388] In some embodiments, the application function network element sends the pre-stored data to the policy control network element.

[0389] The following is an introduction to the device embodiment corresponding to the method embodiment of the present application. The following is only a brief introduction to the device, and the specific implementation steps and details of the scheme can refer to the method embodiment above.

[0390] In order to implement the functions in the method provided in this application, the terminal device and the network device may include a hardware structure and / or a software module, and implement the above functions in the form of a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module. Whether one of the above functions is executed in the form of a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0391] Figure 8 8 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device 800 according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 800 includes a processor 810 and a communication interface 820, and the processor 810 and the communication interface 820 can be connected to each other via a bus 830. The communication device 800 can be a first network device, a second network device, or a third network device.

[0392] Optionally, the communication device 800 may further include a memory 840. The memory 840 includes, but is not limited to, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or a portable read-only memory (CD-ROM), and the memory 840 is used for related instructions and data. The memory 840 may be integrated with the processor 810 or separately provided.

[0393] The processor 810 may be one or more central processing units (CPUs). When the processor 810 is a CPU, the CPU may be a single-core CPU or a multi-core CPU. The processor 810 may be a signal processor, a chip, or other integrated circuit that can implement the method of the present application, or a portion of the circuit for processing functions in the aforementioned processor, chip, or integrated circuit. In addition, the communication interface 820 may also be an input / output interface, which is used for input or output of signals or data, or may be an input / output circuit.

[0394] When the communication device 800 is a first network device, exemplarily, the processor 810 is used to perform the following operations: receive first information, the first information being used to indicate a preset duration, the preset duration corresponding to synchronization delay information between a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow; send a first data packet, the first data packet being transmitted through the first QoS flow, and the moment when the first data packet is sent by the first network device is a first moment; send the second data packet according to the first moment and the preset duration, wherein the second data packet is transmitted through the second QoS flow, and wherein the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

[0395] When the communication apparatus 800 is a second network device, exemplarily, the processor 810 is used to perform the following operations: obtain second information, where the second information is used to indicate an association relationship between data packets of the first QoS flow and data packets of the second QoS flow; and send the second information to the first network device.

[0396] When the communication device 800 is a third network device, exemplarily, the processor 810 is used to perform the following operations: obtain first information, wherein the first information is used to indicate a preset duration, and the preset duration corresponds to the synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow; send the first information to the first network device.

[0397] The above contents are only exemplary descriptions. When the communication device 800 is the first network device, the second network device or the third network device, it will be responsible for executing the methods or steps related to the first network device, the second network device or the third network device in the above method embodiments.

[0398] It is understandable that when the communication device 800 is a first network device, a second network device, or a third network device, the communication interface 820 may also be referred to as a transceiver. The transceiver may include a transmitter and a receiver, the transmitter being used to perform a sending operation, and the receiver being used to perform a receiving operation. For example, the processor 810 is used to control the transceiver to receive and / or send a signal.

[0399] It should be noted that the communication device 800 may include a transmitter but not a receiver. Alternatively, the communication device 800 may include a receiver but not a transmitter. Specifically, it may depend on whether the above solution executed by the communication device 800 includes a sending action and a receiving action.

[0400] The above description is only an exemplary description. For specific content, please refer to the content shown in the above method embodiment. Figure 8 The implementation of each operation in can also refer to Figures 3 to 7 The corresponding description of the method embodiment shown.

[0401] For example, the communication device 800 can be used to perform Figure 3 or Figure 5 The scheme shown.

[0402] In the case where the communication device 800 is a first network device: the communication interface 820 is used to receive first information, the first information is used to indicate a preset duration, and the preset duration corresponds to the synchronization delay information between the first quality of service QoS flow and the second QoS flow; the communication interface 820 is also used to send a first data packet, the first data packet is transmitted through the first QoS flow, and the moment when the first data packet is sent by the first network device is the first moment; the communication interface 820 is also used to send the second data packet according to the first moment and the preset duration, wherein the second data packet is transmitted through the second QoS flow, and wherein the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

[0403] When the communication apparatus 800 is a second network device: the processor 810 is used to obtain second information, where the second information is used to indicate the association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow; the communication interface 820 is used to send the second information to the first network device.

[0404] When the communication device 800 is a second network device: the processor 810 is used to obtain first information, wherein the first information is used to indicate a preset duration, and the preset duration corresponds to the synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow; the communication interface 820 is used to send the first information to the first network device.

[0405] For other implementations, please refer to the above Figure 3 or Figure 5 It should be understood that the specific process of each component executing the above corresponding process has been described in detail in the above method embodiment, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0406] Fig. 9900 is a schematic block diagram of another communication device 900 of an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 900 may be a first network device, a second network device or a third network device, or may be a chip or module in the first network device, the second network device or the third network device, for implementing Figures 3 to 8 For details of the method involved in the illustrated embodiment, please refer to the relevant introduction in the above method embodiment.

[0407] The communication device 900 includes a transceiver unit 910. The transceiver unit 910 is exemplarily introduced below.

[0408] The transceiver unit 910 may include a sending unit and a receiving unit. The sending unit is used to perform a sending action of the communication device, and the receiving unit is used to perform a receiving action of the communication device. For ease of description, the embodiment of the present application combines the sending unit and the receiving unit into one transceiver unit. A unified description is given here, and no further description is given below. The transceiver unit 910 can implement corresponding communication functions. The transceiver unit 910 can also be called a communication interface or a communication module.

[0409] It should be noted that the communication device 900 may include a sending unit but not a receiving unit. Alternatively, the communication device 900 may include a receiving unit but not a sending unit. Specifically, it may depend on whether the above solution executed by the communication device 900 includes a sending action and a receiving action.

[0410] When the communication device 900 is a first network device, illustratively, the transceiver unit 910 is used to receive first information and the like.

[0411] Optionally, the communication device 900 may further include a processing unit 920, which is used to execute the content of the steps involving processing, coordination, etc. of the first network device.

[0412] When the communication device 900 is a second network device, illustratively, the transceiver unit 910 is used to send second information to the first network device.

[0413] Optionally, the communication device 900 may further include a processing unit 920, which is used to execute the content of the steps involving processing, coordination, etc. of the second network device.

[0414] When the communication device 900 is a third network device, illustratively, the transceiver unit 910 is used to send first information, etc. to the first network device.

[0415] Optionally, the communication device 900 may further include a processing unit 920, which is used to execute the content of the steps involving processing, coordination, etc. of the third network device.

[0416] The above contents are only exemplary descriptions. When the communication device 900 is the first network device, the second network device or the third network device, it will be responsible for executing the methods or steps related to the first network device, the second network device or the third network device in the above method embodiments.

[0417] Optionally, the communication device 900 further includes a storage unit 930, which is used to store a program or code for executing the aforementioned method. In other words, the storage unit 930 can be used to store instructions and / or data, and the processing unit 920 can read the instructions and / or data in the storage unit 930 so that the communication device 900 implements the aforementioned method embodiment. For example, the communication device 900 can be used to execute Figure 3 The scheme shown.

[0418] In the case where the communication device 900 is a first network device: the transceiver unit 910 is used to receive first information, where the first information is used to indicate a preset duration, where the preset duration corresponds to the synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow; the transceiver unit 910 is also used to send a first data packet, where the first data packet is transmitted through the first QoS flow, and the moment when the first data packet is sent by the first network device is the first moment; the transceiver unit 910 is also used to send the second data packet according to the first moment and the preset duration, where the second data packet is transmitted through the second QoS flow, and where the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

[0419] When the communication device 900 is a second network device: the processing unit 920 is used to obtain second information, where the second information is used to indicate the association between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow; the transceiver unit 910 is used to send the second information to the first network device.

[0420] When the communication device 900 is a third network device: the processing unit 920 is used to obtain first information, wherein the first information is used to indicate a preset duration, and the preset duration corresponds to the synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow; the transceiver unit 910 is used to send the first information to the first network device.

[0421] For other implementations, please refer to the above Figure 3 or Figure 5 It should be understood that the specific process of each component executing the above corresponding process has been described in detail in the above method embodiment, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0422] Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The device embodiment shown is used to implement Figures 3 to 8 The content described. Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The specific execution steps and methods of the device shown can refer to the contents described in the aforementioned method embodiment.

[0423] The present application also provides an apparatus 1000, which may be a first network device, a processor in the first network device, or a chip. The apparatus 1000 may be used to execute the operations executed by the first network device in the above method embodiment.

[0424] When the apparatus 1000 is a first network device, Fig.10 FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic diagram of the structure of a first network device. Fig.10 As shown, the first network device includes a processor, a memory, and a transceiver. The memory can store computer program codes, and the transceiver includes a transmitter 1031, a receiver 1032, a radio frequency circuit (not shown in the figure), and an antenna 1033.

[0425] The processor is mainly used to process the communication protocol and communication data; control the first network device, execute the software program and process the data of the software program, etc.

[0426] Memory is mainly used to store software programs and data.

[0427] Radio frequency circuits are mainly used for conversion between baseband signals and radio frequency signals and for processing radio frequency signals.

[0428] Antennas are mainly used to send and receive radio frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves.

[0429] When data needs to be sent, the processor performs baseband processing on the data to be sent and outputs the baseband signal to the RF circuit. Then, the RF circuit performs RF processing on the baseband signal and sends the RF signal outward in the form of electromagnetic waves through the antenna. When data is sent to the first network device, the RF circuit receives the RF signal through the antenna. The RF circuit converts the RF signal into a baseband signal and outputs the baseband signal to the processor. The processor converts the baseband signal into data and processes the data. For ease of explanation, Fig.10 Only one memory, processor and transceiver are shown. In the actual product of the first network device, there may be one or more processors and one or more memories. The memory may also be referred to as a storage medium or a storage device. The memory may be set independently of the processor or integrated with the processor, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0430] Part 1010 and part 1020 may include one or more single boards, and each single board may include one or more processors and one or more memories. The processor is used to read and execute the program in the memory to realize the baseband processing function and control the device 1000. If there are multiple single boards, each single board can be interconnected to enhance the processing capability. As an optional implementation, multiple single boards may share one or more processors, or multiple single boards may share one or more memories, or multiple single boards may share one or more processors at the same time.

[0431] In the embodiment of the present application, the antenna and the radio frequency circuit with transceiver functions may be regarded as the transceiver module of the first network device, and the processor with processing function may be regarded as the processing module of the first network device.

[0432] like Fig.10 As shown, the first network device includes a processor 1010, a memory 1020, and a transceiver 1030. The processor 1010 may also be referred to as a processing unit, a processing board, a processing module, or a processing device, etc. The transceiver 1030 may also be referred to as a transceiver unit, a transceiver, or a transceiver device, etc.

[0433] Optionally, the device for implementing the receiving function in the transceiver 1030 is regarded as a receiving module, and the device for implementing the sending function in the transceiver 1030 is regarded as a sending module, that is, the transceiver 1030 includes a receiver and a transmitter. The transceiver may sometimes be referred to as a transceiver, a transceiver module, or a transceiver circuit. The receiver may sometimes be referred to as a receiver, a receiving module, or a receiving circuit. The transmitter may sometimes be referred to as a transmitter, a transmitting module, or a transmitting circuit.

[0434] The processor 1010 is used to execute the above Figure 3 The processing action of the first network device side in the embodiment shown. The transceiver 1030 is used to perform the above Figure 3 The sending and receiving actions on the first network device side in the embodiment shown.

[0435] When the device 1000 is a chip, the chip includes a processor, a memory and a transceiver. Among them, the transceiver can be an input-output circuit or a communication interface. The processor can be a processing module or a microprocessor or an integrated circuit integrated on the chip. The sending operation of the first network device in the above method embodiment can be understood as the output of the chip, and the receiving operation of the first network device in the above method embodiment can be understood as the input of the chip.

[0436] The present application also provides a device 1100, which may be a second network device or a chip of the second network device. The device 1100 may be used to perform the above Figures 3 to 7 Operations performed by the second network device in the illustrated embodiment.

[0437] Fig.11 A simplified structural diagram is shown. The device 1100 includes a portion 1110 , a portion 1120 , and a portion 1130 .

[0438] Part 1110 is mainly used for baseband processing, etc. Part 1110 is usually the control center of device 1100, which can usually be called a processor, and is used to control device 1100 to perform processing operations on the second network device side or the third network device side in the above method embodiment.

[0439] The 1120 section is mainly used to store computer program code and data.

[0440] Part 1130 is mainly used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals and converting radio frequency signals into baseband signals; Part 1130 can generally be referred to as a transceiver module, a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, or a transceiver. The transceiver module of Part 1130 can also be referred to as a transceiver or a transceiver, etc. It includes an antenna 1133 and a radio frequency circuit (not shown in the figure), wherein the radio frequency circuit is mainly used for radio frequency processing. Optionally, the device used to implement the receiving function in Part 1130 can be regarded as a receiver, and the device used to implement the transmitting function can be regarded as a transmitter, that is, Part 1130 includes a receiver 1132 and a transmitter 1131. The receiver can also be referred to as a receiving module, a receiver, or a receiving circuit, etc., and the transmitter can be referred to as a transmitting module, a transmitter, or a transmitting circuit, etc.

[0441] Part 1110 and part 1120 may include one or more single boards, each of which may include one or more processors and one or more memories. The processor is used to read and execute the program in the memory to realize the baseband processing function and control the device 1000. If there are multiple single boards, each single board can be interconnected to enhance the processing capability. As an optional implementation, multiple single boards may share one or more processors, or multiple single boards may share one or more memories, or multiple single boards may share one or more processors at the same time.

[0442] For example, in one implementation, the transceiver module of part 1130 is used to execute Figure 3 or Figure 5 In the embodiment shown, the second network device or the third network device performs a process related to sending and receiving. The processor in part 1110 is used to Figure 3 or Figure 5 The illustrated embodiment is related to the process performed by the second network device or the third network device.

[0443] When the device 1100 is a chip, the chip includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor. The transceiver may be an input / output circuit or a communication interface; the processor may be a processor, a microprocessor, or an integrated circuit integrated on the chip. The sending operation of the second network device or the third network device in the above method embodiment may be understood as the output of the chip, and the receiving operation of the second network device or the third network device in the above method embodiment may be understood as the input of the chip.

[0444] The present application also provides a chip, including a processor, for calling and executing instructions stored in a memory from the memory, so that a communication device equipped with the chip executes the methods in the above examples.

[0445] The present application also provides another chip, including: an input interface, an output interface, and a processor, wherein the input interface, the output interface, and the processor are connected via an internal connection path, and the processor is used to execute the code in the memory, and when the code is executed, the processor is used to execute the method in each of the above examples. Optionally, the chip also includes a memory, and the memory is used to store computer programs or codes.

[0446] The present application also provides a processor, which is coupled to a memory and is used to execute the method and function involving the first network device, the second network device or the third network device in any of the above embodiments.

[0447] In another embodiment of the present application, a computer program product including a computer program or instructions is provided. When the computer program product is run on a computer, the method of the above embodiment is implemented.

[0448] The present application also provides a computer program. When the computer program is executed in a computer, the method of the above embodiment is implemented.

[0449] In another embodiment of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a computer, the method described in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0450] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0451] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0452] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0453] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0454] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0455] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application can be essentially or partly embodied in the form of a software product that contributes to the prior art. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage media include: various media that can store program codes, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories ROM, random access memories RAM, magnetic disks or optical disks.

[0456] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, applied to a first network device, characterized in that: include: Receiving first information, where the first information is used to indicate synchronization delay information between a first quality of service QoS flow and a second QoS flow; Sending a first data packet at a first moment, wherein the first data packet is transmitted through the first QoS flow; A second data packet is sent according to the first moment and the synchronization delay information, wherein the second data packet is transmitted through the second QoS flow, and wherein the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: Second information is received, where the second information is used to determine an association relationship between data packets of the first QoS flow and data packets of the second QoS flow.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The first data packet corresponds to the second information, and the second data packet corresponds to the second information, wherein the method further includes: When the second information corresponding to the first data packet is the same as the second information corresponding to the second data packet, it is determined that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first data packet corresponds to the second information, wherein the method further comprises: The first data packet is received from a second network device, and the second information is further used to indicate that the first data packet is a synchronization reference of a data packet of the second QoS flow.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The method further comprises: After the first network device receives the first data packet, in a case where the first network device receives the second data packet from a second network device, it is determined that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The second network device is a user plane functional network element.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The second information further indicates a first duration, wherein the method further includes: Determine the association between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow based on the time when the first network device receives the data packets of the first QoS flow, the first duration, and the time when the first network device receives the data packets of the second QoS flow.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The first duration is determined according to first jitter information and / or second jitter information, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The determining, according to the time when the first network device receives the data packet of the first QoS flow, the first duration, and the time when the first network device receives the data packet of the second QoS flow, the association relationship between the data packet of the first QoS flow and the data packet of the second QoS flow includes: Determine a second duration according to first jitter information and / or second jitter information, and the first duration, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow; If the first network device receives the second data packet within the second time period after the first network device receives the first data packet, it is determined that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The synchronization delay information between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow corresponds to a preset duration, wherein sending the second data packet according to the first moment and the synchronization delay information includes: The second data packet is sent within the preset time period from the first moment.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that The first QoS flow and the second QoS flow are used to transmit at least two of data flows of different modes of the target service.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that The first information is carried in the configuration information of the first QoS flow and / or the configuration information of the second QoS flow.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that The first information is also used to instruct the first network device to perform synchronization between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow according to at least two associated data packets, and the at least two associated data packets are data packets with an associated relationship on the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow respectively.

14. A data transmission method, applied to a second network device, characterized in that: include: Acquire second information, where the second information is used to indicate an association relationship between a data packet of the first quality of service QoS flow and a data packet of the second QoS flow; The second information is sent to the first network device.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The first data packet corresponds to the second information, and the second data packet corresponds to the second information, wherein sending the second information to the first network device includes: The first data packet and the second data packet are sent to the first network device, wherein the first data packet is transmitted through the first QoS flow, and the second data packet is transmitted through the second QoS flow.

16. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The second information is further used to indicate at least one data packet of a synchronization reference of the data packets of the second QoS flow, wherein the sending the second information to the first network device includes: A first data packet is sent to the first network device, wherein the first data packet corresponds to the second information.

17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that The method further comprises: Receiving indication information from a third network device, where the indication information is used to trigger determination of an association relationship between a data packet of the first QoS flow and a data packet of the second QoS flow; wherein obtaining the second information includes: The second information is determined according to an association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that The method further comprises: A target identifier is received from an application function network element, wherein the target identifier is used to determine an association relationship between a data packet of the first QoS flow and a data packet of the second QoS flow.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The method further comprises: receiving a first data packet and a second data packet from the application function network element, wherein the first data packet corresponds to the target identifier, and the second data packet corresponds to the target identifier; When the target identifier corresponding to the second data packet is the same as the target identifier corresponding to the first data packet, it is determined that the first data packet is associated with the second data packet.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that The target identifier is also used to indicate at least one data packet of a synchronization reference of the data packet of the second QoS flow, wherein the receiving the target identifier from the application function network element includes: receiving a first data packet, wherein the first data packet corresponds to the target identifier; After the second network device receives the first data packet, in the case where the second network device receives a second data packet, it is determined that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

21. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that The indication information is further used to indicate a third duration, wherein the method further includes: Determine the association between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow based on the time when the second network device receives the data packets of the first QoS flow, the third duration and the time when the second network device receives the data packets of the second QoS flow.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that The determining, according to the time when the second network device receives the data packet of the first QoS flow, the third duration, and the time when the second network device receives the data packet of the second QoS flow, an association relationship between the data packet of the first QoS flow and the data packet of the second QoS flow comprises: If the second network device receives a second data packet within the third time period after the second network device receives the first data packet, it is determined that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that The third duration is determined according to first jitter information and / or second jitter information, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow.

24. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that The determining, according to the time when the second network device receives the data packet of the first QoS flow, the third duration, and the time when the second network device receives the data packet of the second QoS flow, an association relationship between the data packet of the first QoS flow and the data packet of the second QoS flow comprises: A fourth duration is determined based on the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information, and the third duration, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow; within the fourth duration from the time when the second network device receives the first data packet, if the second network device receives the second data packet, it is determined that the second data packet is associated with the first data packet.

25. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that The method further comprises: Receiving the first data packet from the application function network element; Determine a target identifier corresponding to the first data packet, where the target identifier is used to indicate that the first data packet is a synchronization reference for a data packet of the second QoS flow; wherein sending the first data packet to the first network device includes: The first data packet is sent to the first network device, where the first data packet corresponds to the second information.

26. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 25, characterized in that The first QoS flow and the second QoS flow are used to transmit at least two of data flows of different modes of the target service.

27. A data transmission method, applied to a third network device, characterized in that: include: Acquire first information, wherein the first information is used to indicate synchronization delay information between the first quality of service QoS flow and the second QoS flow; The first information is sent to a first network device.

28. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that The indication information is used to trigger the second network device to determine an association relationship between a data packet of the first QoS flow and a data packet of the second QoS flow, wherein the method further includes: The indication information is sent to the second network device.

29. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that The indication information is further used to indicate a third duration, and the third duration is used to determine an association relationship between the data packets of the first QoS flow and the data packets of the second QoS flow.

30. The method according to claim 29, characterized in that The method further comprises: receiving third information from the application function network element, where the third information is used to indicate a fifth duration; The third duration is determined according to first jitter information and / or second jitter information, and the fifth duration, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow.

31. The method according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that The second information is used to indicate a first duration, wherein the first duration is used to determine an association relationship between a data packet of the first QoS flow and a data packet of the second QoS flow, wherein the method further includes: The second information is sent to the first network device.

32. The method according to claim 31, characterized in that The method further comprises: receiving third information from the application function network element, where the third information is used to indicate a fifth duration; The first duration is determined according to first jitter information and / or second jitter information, and the fifth duration, wherein the first jitter information is related to the first QoS flow, and the second jitter information is related to the second QoS flow.

33. The method according to claim 30 or 32, characterized in that The method further comprises: Fourth information is received from a second network device, where the fourth information is used to indicate the first jitter information and / or the second jitter information.

34. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 33, characterized in that The first QoS flow and the second QoS flow are used to transmit at least two of data flows of different modes of the target service.

35. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 34, characterized in that The first information is carried in the configuration information of the first QoS flow and / or the configuration information of the second QoS flow.

36. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 35, characterized in that The first information is also used to instruct the first network device to perform synchronization between the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow according to at least two associated data packets, and the at least two associated data packets are data packets with an associated relationship on the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow respectively.

37. A communication device, characterized in that: It comprises a processing circuit and an input-output interface, wherein the input-output interface is used to input and / or output signals, and the processing circuit is used to execute the method described in any one of claims 1 to 13, or the processing circuit is used to execute the method described in any one of claims 14 to 26, or the processing circuit is used to execute the method described in any one of claims 27 to 36.

38. A communication device, characterized in that: The method comprises at least one module, wherein the at least one module is used to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, or the at least one module is used to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 26, or the at least one module is used to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 36.

39. A communication system, characterized in that: The method comprises a first network device, a second network device and a third network device, wherein the first network device is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, the second network device is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 14 to 26, and the third network device is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 27 to 36.

40. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions are executed on a computer, the method described in any one of claims 1 to 10 is executed, or the method described in any one of claims 14 to 26 is executed, or the method described in any one of claims 27 to 36 is executed.

41. A computer program product, characterized in that Comprising computer program code, when the computer program code is executed, implementing the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, or implementing the method as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 26, or implementing the method as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 36.

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