Electronic device

Abstract

The invention discloses electronic equipment, and the electronic equipment comprises a dielectric plate, the first surface of the dielectric plate is provided with a loudspeaker cavity, the loudspeaker cavity is a conductive cavity, and the first side surface of the loudspeaker cavity is provided with an opening; the metal plate is attached to the second surface of the dielectric plate, a gap is formed in the metal plate, the projection of the gap on the dielectric plate is attached to the side edge of the loudspeaker cavity, the side edge comprises the edge except the first edge of the loudspeaker cavity, and the first edge is the edge in the first side face; the feed microstrip line is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate, a feed point of the feed microstrip line is located outside the loudspeaker cavity, the feed microstrip line penetrates through the projection of the gap on the dielectric plate, and the feed microstrip line penetrates into the loudspeaker cavity from the outside of the loudspeaker cavity; the equivalent electrical length of the gap is lambda / 4, and lambda is the resonant wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency of the loudspeaker cavity working in the first frequency band.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electronic products, and in particular to an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of mobile communication technology, people's demand for mobile phones is also increasing. Especially in remote areas or areas without ground infrastructure, mobile phone signal coverage has become a problem. In order to solve this problem, mobile phone satellite antenna technology came into being. Mobile phone satellite antennas can receive satellite signals to achieve functions such as communication and positioning anywhere, greatly expanding the scope of use of mobile phones. Satellite communications use circularly polarized electromagnetic signals for communication. In related technologies, due to the size limitations of electronic devices, it is difficult to achieve a circularly polarized antenna with the maximum radiation direction facing the top of the electronic device. Summary of the invention

[0003] An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device to solve the problem that it is difficult to realize a circularly polarized antenna with a maximum radiation direction toward the top of the electronic device in the related art.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including:

[0006] A dielectric plate, wherein a speaker cavity is disposed on a first surface of the dielectric plate, the speaker cavity is a conductive cavity, an opening is disposed on a first side surface of the speaker cavity, and a plane where the first side surface is located is parallel to a width direction of the electronic device;

[0007] a metal plate, the metal plate is arranged in contact with the second surface of the dielectric plate, a gap is arranged on the metal plate, and a projection of the gap on the dielectric plate is in contact with a side edge of the speaker cavity, the side edge includes an edge other than a first edge of the speaker cavity, the first edge is an edge in the first side surface, and the second surface is a surface opposite to the first surface;

[0008] A feeding microstrip line, wherein the feeding microstrip line is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate, a feeding point of the feeding microstrip line is located outside the speaker cavity, the feeding microstrip line passes through a projection of the gap on the dielectric plate, and the feeding microstrip line penetrates from the outside of the speaker cavity to the inside of the speaker cavity;

[0009] The equivalent electrical length of the slot is λ / 4, where λ is the resonant wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency of the loudspeaker cavity operating in the first frequency band.

[0010] Thus, in the above scheme of the present application, a speaker cavity capable of conducting electricity is provided on the first surface of the dielectric plate, an opening is provided on the first side surface of the speaker cavity parallel to the width direction of the electronic device, and a gap that fits with the side of the speaker cavity is provided on the metal plate that is bonded to the second surface of the dielectric plate. Thus, when the feeding microstrip line is working, an electric field component parallel to the thickness direction of the electronic device can be generated at the opening, and an electric field component along the width direction of the electronic device can be generated at the gap, and the two electric field components form two electric field components that are orthogonal to each other and have a phase difference of 90 degrees. Since the equivalent electrical length of the gap is λ / 4, the amplitudes of the above two electric field components are equal, so that based on the two electric field components, a circularly polarized electromagnetic signal with the maximum radiation direction toward the top of the electronic device can be generated, effectively avoiding the problem of communication polarization mismatch. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the location of the satellite antenna in the mobile phone;

[0012] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the structure of an electronic device in some embodiments of the present application;

[0013] Figure 3 Indicates along Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross section along the AA direction;

[0014] Figure 4 Indicates along Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross section along the BB direction;

[0015] Figure 5 express Figure 2 a top view of the structure shown;

[0016] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the position of a speaker cavity in an electronic device in the related art;

[0017] Figure 7a A schematic diagram showing the feeding of a loudspeaker cavity in some embodiments of the present application;

[0018] Figure 7b A schematic diagram showing the simulation effect corresponding to the loudspeaker cavity in some embodiments of the present application;

[0019] Figure 7c A schematic diagram showing the simulation effect corresponding to the loudspeaker cavity in some embodiments of the present application;

[0020] Figure 8a A schematic diagram showing the electric field and magnetic field in the loudspeaker cavity and the gap in some embodiments of the present application;

[0021] Figure 8bA schematic diagram showing the relationship between the loudspeaker cavity and the electric field in the gap in some embodiments of the present application;

[0022] Figure 9a A schematic diagram showing the simulation effect of the loudspeaker cavity and the gap in some embodiments of the present application;

[0023] Figure 9b A schematic diagram showing the simulation effect of the loudspeaker cavity and the gap in some embodiments of the present application;

[0024] Fig.9c A schematic diagram showing the simulation effect of the loudspeaker cavity and the gap in some embodiments of the present application;

[0025] Figure 9d A schematic diagram showing the simulation effect of the loudspeaker cavity and the gap in some embodiments of the present application;

[0026] Fig.10a A schematic diagram showing the position of microstrip branches in some embodiments of the present application;

[0027] Fig.10b A schematic diagram showing the simulation effect corresponding to an electronic device with microstrip branches added in some embodiments of the present application;

[0028] Fig.11a A schematic diagram showing adjustment of the slot length and the feeding microstrip line length in some embodiments of the present application;

[0029] Fig.11b A schematic diagram showing the position of a reactive element in some embodiments of the present application;

[0030] Fig.11c A schematic diagram showing the position of a reactive element in some embodiments of the present application;

[0031] Fig.12a A schematic diagram showing the simulation effect of the loudspeaker cavity and the gap in some embodiments of the present application;

[0032] Figure 12b A schematic diagram showing the simulation effect of the loudspeaker cavity and the gap in some embodiments of the present application;

[0033] Fig.13a A schematic diagram showing the simulation effect of the loudspeaker cavity and the gap in some embodiments of the present application;

[0034] Fig.13b A schematic diagram showing the simulation effect of the loudspeaker cavity and the gap in some embodiments of the present application;

[0035] Fig.13c A schematic diagram showing the simulation effect of the loudspeaker cavity and the gap in some embodiments of the present application;

[0036] Fig.13d A schematic diagram showing the simulation effect of the loudspeaker cavity and the gap in some embodiments of the present application;

[0037] Fig.14a A schematic diagram showing that a gap is provided on the right side of the speaker cavity in some embodiments of the present application;

[0038] Fig.14b A schematic diagram showing that a gap is provided on the right side of the speaker cavity in some embodiments of the present application;

[0039] Fig.15 A schematic diagram showing that in some embodiments of the present application, gaps are respectively provided on the left side and the right side of the speaker cavity;

[0040] Fig.16 A schematic diagram showing that in some embodiments of the present application, gaps are respectively provided on the left side and the right side of the speaker cavity;

[0041] Fig.17 express Fig.14a or Fig.14b Schematic diagram of the current flow in the structure shown and the direction of the electric field excitation;

[0042] Fig.18 A schematic diagram showing the position of a feeding microstrip line in some embodiments of the present application;

[0043] Fig.19 Indicates the TE101 mode and the TE102 mode generated by the electronic device in some embodiments of the present application;

[0044] Fig. 20 represents a TE201 mode generated by an electronic device in some embodiments of the present application;

[0045] Fig.21 A schematic diagram showing how the triple frequency of the gap is adjusted by loading a capacitor to adjust the TE102 mode of the cavity in some embodiments of the present application;

[0046] Fig. 22 A schematic diagram showing the position of a feeding microstrip line in some embodiments of the present application;

[0047] Fig.23 A schematic diagram showing how the triple frequency of the gap is adjusted by loading a capacitor to adjust the cavity TE102 mode in some embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present application and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0049] In some embodiments, the electronic device in the embodiment of the present application may be a terminal, or may be other devices other than a terminal. Exemplarily, the electronic device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a PDA, a vehicle-mounted electronic device, a mobile Internet device (MID), an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) device, a robot, a wearable device, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a netbook or a personal digital assistant (PDA), etc., and may also be a server, a network attached storage (NAS), a personal computer (PC), a television (TV), a teller machine or a self-service machine, etc., which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0050] For the sake of convenience, the embodiments of the present application generally take the electronic device as a mobile phone as an example for illustration, which does not constitute a specific limitation herein.

[0051] Functions such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) and satellite communications have high requirements on the circular polarization performance of the antenna.

[0052] Among them, absolute circular polarization requires the synthesis of two field components with equal amplitude, perpendicular to each other and 90° phase difference. If any of the above three factors is not met, the degree of circular polarization will be poor. Due to the thin thickness of mobile phones, it is difficult to form two perpendicular field components with close radiation and 90° phase difference on mobile phones to form a circularly polarized antenna.

[0053] In related technologies, such as Figure 1 As shown, the mobile phone antenna is a metal frame, which is an X and Y directional antenna. The main directions of the electric field of the current are also X and Y directions, so it is very easy to achieve the maximum radiation direction of the antenna and the maximum radiation direction of circular polarization in ±Z direction.

[0054] Satellite communications use circularly polarized electromagnetic signals for communication, but the existing antenna solution with the maximum radiation direction facing the +Y direction is a linearly polarized antenna, and the polarization mismatch generated by the communication is 3dB. The reason is that due to the thin thickness of the mobile phone in the Z direction, the ordinary antenna solution cannot generate a Z-direction electric field or current. According to the conditions for the formation of circular polarization, circular polarization pointing to the +Y direction cannot be formed.

[0055] The present application reuses the existing structure on the top of the electronic device, namely the speaker cavity, to generate a Z-direction electric field component, and designs a circularly polarized antenna suitable for the terminal device through reasonable feeding, so that the maximum radiation direction of the circular polarization is toward the +Y direction of the terminal device, thereby solving the problem of communication polarization mismatch.

[0056] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including:

[0057] A dielectric plate 101, wherein a speaker cavity 102 is disposed on a first surface of the dielectric plate 101, wherein the speaker cavity 102 is a conductive cavity, an opening 1021 is disposed on a first side surface of the speaker cavity 102, and a plane where the first side surface is located is parallel to a width direction of the electronic device;

[0058] A metal plate 103, wherein the metal plate 103 is arranged in contact with the second surface of the dielectric plate 101, and a slit 104 is arranged on the metal plate 103, and a projection of the slit on the dielectric plate is in contact with a side edge of the speaker cavity, wherein the side edge includes an edge other than a first edge of the speaker cavity, wherein the first edge is an edge in the first side surface, and the second surface is a surface opposite to the first surface; illustratively, the slit is parallel to a length direction of the electronic device;

[0059] A feeding microstrip line 105, wherein the feeding microstrip line 105 is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate 101, a feeding point 1051 of the feeding microstrip line 105 is located outside the speaker cavity 102, the feeding microstrip line 105 passes through the projection of the slot 104 on the dielectric plate and the feeding microstrip line 105 penetrates from the outside of the speaker cavity 102 to the inside of the speaker cavity 102;

[0060] The equivalent electrical length of the slot 104 is λ / 4, where λ is the resonant wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency of the loudspeaker cavity operating in the first frequency band.

[0061] In an embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned gap is arranged along the edges other than the first edge of the speaker cavity, which can prevent the gap from causing band blocking to the opening, thereby affecting the antenna radiation at the opening, and can effectively ensure that the phase difference between the electric field component generated at the opening and the electric field component generated at the gap is 90 degrees, thereby facilitating the generation of a circularly polarized electromagnetic signal with the maximum radiation direction toward the top of the electronic device based on these two electric field components.

[0062] Optionally, at least one opening 1011 is provided on the dielectric plate 101 , the feeding microstrip line 105 is connected to the metal plate through the opening 1011 , and the feeding microstrip line is grounded through the metal plate 103 .

[0063] Optionally, the medium board is a printed circuit board (PCB).

[0064] Optionally, the projection of the gap on the dielectric plate is an orthographic projection of the gap on the dielectric plate.

[0065] Optionally, the equivalent electrical length can be understood as the ratio of the physical length of the feeding microstrip line to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and the equivalent electrical length can be described as the electrical length.

[0066] Optionally, the first side surface of the speaker cavity is a side surface of the speaker cavity close to the top of the electronic device.

[0067] In related technologies, such as Figure 6 As shown, since the speaker needs to be sealed to prevent sound leakage and air leakage, the speaker needs to be sealed to form a sound cavity, that is, the above-mentioned speaker cavity, which can also be described as a speaker sound cavity.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present application, the above-mentioned speaker sound cavity is formed by surrounding conductive sealing foam and non-conductive sealing foam. Specifically, the first side surface corresponding to the above-mentioned opening uses non-conductive sealing foam, and the other sides of the sound cavity except the first side surface are formed by surrounding conductive sealing foam. The speaker sound cavity is configured with the mainboard steel sheet bracket and the PCB, and can be used as an antenna resonance cavity.

[0069] Optionally, when the feeding point 1051 is connected to the feed source, the electric field direction of the electric field in the speaker cavity 102 is parallel to the thickness direction of the electronic device, and the electric field direction of the electric field in the gap 104 is parallel to the length direction of the electronic device.

[0070] In some embodiments, the width direction of the electronic device is defined as the X-axis direction, the length direction of the electronic device is defined as the Y-axis direction, and the thickness direction of the electronic device is defined as the Z-axis direction. The antenna resonant cavity can generate a Z-direction electric field. Figure 7aAs shown, a feeding microstrip line 105 is arranged on the PCB and extends into the speaker cavity. The speaker cavity is fed with a magnetic ring. The feeding position is located outside the cavity. The simulation shows that the cavity resonates at 2.4 GHz. Figure 7b and Figure 7c As shown, the electric field distribution generated by the resonant cavity is mainly in the Z direction at the opening, and the electric field component is single, so the axial ratio between +Y (Phi = 0°Thera = 90°) and +Z (Phi = 0°Thera = 0°) directions is greater than 20dB, indicating that the antenna is a linearly polarized antenna and the maximum radiation direction is the XOY plane.

[0071] The Z-direction electric field generated by the above-mentioned antenna resonant cavity forms a Z-direction component of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave. Due to assembly errors and sound leakage prevention, a small area near the sound cavity sealing foam is reserved for placing components. This area can be used as a wiring forbidden area. A slit is made on the metal plate on the back of the dielectric plate to make a metal gap. This is equivalent to adding a gap next to the cavity to provide an X-direction electric field component. According to the principle of electromagnetic field complementarity, the pattern formed by the gap complements the dipole antenna perpendicular to the gap on the XOY plane, and its maximum radiation direction is the YOZ plane. At this time, the first condition for circular polarization is formed: there are two orthogonal electric field components in the Y direction, which is also the maximum radiation direction.

[0072] like Figure 8a As shown, since the slot and the cavity fit closely in the X direction and are fed by a cascade feed line, the phase difference of the feed can be almost considered to be 0°. Both the slot and the cavity are standing wave antennas, so the phase difference between the magnetic field intensity vector H and the electric field intensity vector E is certain. The magnetic field component H2 generated by the feeding current in the slot generates an electric field component E2, and at the same time, a magnetic field component H1 is generated near the right wall inside the cavity. Since the right wall of the cavity is metal, that is, an electric wall, the corresponding electric field component cannot be generated, and H1 needs to be rotated 90° counterclockwise in the +Y direction to generate an electric field component E1 in the +Z direction. At this time, as shown in Figure 8a and Figure 8b As shown, E1 and E2 naturally form a 90° phase difference in the +Y direction, satisfying the second condition of circular polarization. By setting the equivalent electrical length of the slot to 1 / 4 of the resonant wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency of the speaker cavity operating in the first frequency band, the amplitudes of the two electric fields E1 and E2 can be ensured to be the same. Therefore, it is only necessary to adjust the slot length to near the transverse electromagnetic wave (TE101) mode of the cavity, so that circular polarization with the maximum radiation direction in the +Y direction can be formed based on the above-mentioned cavity and slot.

[0073] If the PCB medium is FR4 (relative dielectric constant of about 4.4), the gap length is adjusted to about 14.5mm, that is, the resonance of the gap is adjusted to around 2.4GHz. The cavity size is about 14×20×5mm3, and the sound cavity related module is inside. Its TE101 mode resonates around 2.4GHz. The simulation results are as follows Figure 9a and Figure 9b As shown, compared to Figure 7b and Figure 7c The simulation results show that a mode is added. Since the two mode field distributions are orthogonal, the axial ratio between +Y (Phi = 0° Thera = 90°) and +Z (Phi = 0° Thera = 0°) directions is less than 10 dB near 2.4-2.5 GHz. Fig.9c and Figure 9d They are the radiation patterns of the XOY and ZOY sections at 2.4 GHz. It can be seen from the radiation patterns that the maximum radiation direction is close to the +Y direction and is left-hand circular polarization.

[0074] In the above scheme of the present application, a speaker cavity capable of conducting electricity is provided on the first surface of the dielectric plate, an opening is provided on the first side surface of the speaker cavity parallel to the width direction of the electronic device, and a gap that fits with the side of the speaker cavity is provided on the metal plate that is bonded to the second surface of the dielectric plate. In this way, when the feeding microstrip line is working, an electric field component parallel to the thickness direction of the electronic device can be generated at the opening, and an electric field component along the width direction of the electronic device can be generated at the gap, and the two electric field components form two electric field components that are orthogonal to each other and have a phase difference of 90 degrees. Since the equivalent electrical length of the gap is λ / 4, the amplitudes of the above two electric field components are equal, so that based on the two electric field components, a circularly polarized electromagnetic signal with the maximum radiation direction toward the top of the electronic device can be generated, effectively avoiding the problem of communication polarization mismatch.

[0075] Optionally, the electronic device of the embodiment of the present application further includes: a matching element, which is connected to the feeding microstrip line, and the matching element is used to adjust the feeding phase of at least one of the gap and the speaker cavity.

[0076] In order to better adjust the phase and matching frequency of the component fed into the gap, the embodiment of the present application can add matching elements to the feeding of one or both of the two electric field components to change the feeding phase so that the phase difference between the two electric field components can be controlled.

[0077] Optionally, the matching element includes: at least one of a first matching element and a second matching element;

[0078] Wherein, the first matching element is arranged in the projection area of ​​the slot on the dielectric plate, and the first matching element is used to adjust the feeding phase of the slot;

[0079] The second matching element is disposed in the speaker cavity, and the second matching element is used to adjust the feeding phase of the speaker cavity.

[0080] Optionally, the matching element includes a microstrip branch 1061 or a reactive element 1062 .

[0081] For example, Fig.10a As shown, adding microstrip branches in the slot, that is, increasing the feeding load to the slot, mainly changes the feeding phase to the slot, and at the same time optimizes the standing wave, and the result is as follows Fig.10b As shown (the S parameter is in the unmatched state, and matching elements can be added to optimally match the reflection of the corresponding frequency band), compared with the gap without adding feed loading, the +Y axis ratio near 2.4-2.5GHz is further optimized, and at the same time, a minimum axis ratio point is generated near 2.7GHz. This point is caused by the microstrip branches pulling down the third frequency component of the gap and interacting with the cavity component.

[0082] Based on the cavity in the embodiment of the present application, the length of the feeding loading microstrip line and the length of the gap (such as Fig.11a ) The resonance of the first and third frequency electric field components of the gap are adjusted to around 2 GHz and 2.7 GHz respectively. The final simulation results are as follows Fig.12a , Figure 12b , Fig.13a , Fig.13b , Fig.13c and Fig.13d As shown, it can be seen that the +Y axis ratio near 1.8-2.4GHz and 2.5GHz is less than 10dB, and 1.8-2.4GHz is left-hand circular polarization, and 2.5GHz is right-hand circular polarization, which can cover Tiantong Tx (1980-2010MHz) + Rx (2170-2200MHz) and Beidou Rx (2491.75±5MHz). Fig.11a The slot in the speaker includes a first slot portion parallel to the length direction of the electronic device and a second slot portion parallel to the width direction of the electronic device, and a feeding point of the feeding microstrip line is grounded through an opening in the speaker cavity.

[0083] like Fig.11b As shown, the microstrip branch can be changed to a grounded reactance element or as Fig.11cAs shown, the microstrip line cascade reactance element inside the cavity changes the feeding phase difference between the slot component and the cavity component by switching the switch, thereby realizing polarization reconfiguration of left-hand circular polarization (for example, if the slot electric field component leads the cavity component by 90°, it is left-hand circular polarization; if the slot electric field component lags behind the cavity component by 90°, it is right-hand circular polarization).

[0084] Optionally, the gap includes at least one of a first gap and a second gap, wherein a projection of the first gap on the dielectric plate is aligned with a first side edge of the speaker cavity, and a projection of the second gap on the dielectric plate is aligned with a second side edge of the speaker cavity.

[0085] In some embodiments of the present application, the first side is the left side of the speaker cavity, and the second side is the right side of the speaker cavity. Figures 2 to 5 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the first gap can be set at the position corresponding to the left side of the sound cavity, such as Fig.14a and Fig.14b As shown, the second gap may also be provided at the right side of the corresponding sound cavity. Fig.13c and Fig.13d The maximum direction of the XOY cross-section pattern is not toward the +Y direction, such as Fig.15 and Fig.16 As shown, slots are made on both sides of the cavity to create a symmetrical structure to improve the radiation pattern characteristics. If the right slot cannot achieve the same length as the left slot due to structural reasons, the switch-switching reactance (inductance, capacitance) device can be loaded on the right slot feeding microstrip to make the electric field component generated by the right slot consistent with that of the left slot, thereby improving the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern.

[0086] Among them, based on Fig.14a or Fig.14b The circular polarization direction of the directional diagram obtained by the structure shown should be consistent with the circular polarization direction based on Figure 2-Figure 5 The circular polarization direction of the directional diagram obtained by the structure shown is exactly opposite. Fig.14a or Fig.14b In the structure shown, an opening 1011 is provided on the dielectric plate at a position corresponding to the center of the speaker cavity, and an opening 1011 is also provided on the right side of the gap. Fig.14a or Fig.14b The specific current and electric field excitation direction of the structure shown are as follows Fig.17As shown, the feed source is fed from the left side of the feeding microstrip line and returns to the ground at the center of the cavity, forming a magnetic ring feeding of the cavity, forming an electric field E1 at the opening, and the magnetic field in the cavity excites a corresponding current from the center of the cavity to the right side of the ground. This current feeds the gap opened on the right side of the cavity, excites the gap, and forms an electric field E2. Since the two electric field components are orthogonal in space and differ in phase by 90°, but the arrangement order is opposite, right-hand circular polarization is generated.

[0087] As a way to achieve this, Fig.10a , Fig.11a As shown, the feeding microstrip line 105 is parallel to the length direction of the electronic device, and the feeding microstrip line 105 passes through a target position point, which is a projection of the center position of the speaker cavity 102 on the dielectric plate 101 .

[0088] Optionally, the first frequency band is a frequency band corresponding to a transverse electromagnetic wave TE101 mode of the speaker cavity 102 .

[0089] In this implementation, the speaker cavity is a rectangular cavity. By adjusting the slot length to near the TE101 mode of the speaker cavity, the cavity mode and the slot mode can form circular polarization with the maximum radiation direction in the +Y direction.

[0090] As another implementation, the feeding microstrip line 105 is parallel to the length direction of the electronic device, and the distance between the feeding microstrip line 105 and the center line is 1 / 4 of the length of the speaker cavity 102;

[0091] The center line is parallel to the width direction of the speaker cavity 102 and passes through a target position point, where the target position point is a projection of the center position of the speaker cavity 102 on the dielectric plate 101 .

[0092] Optionally, the first frequency band is a frequency band corresponding to a transverse electromagnetic wave TE102 mode of the speaker cavity 102 .

[0093] Optionally, the projection of the speaker cavity 102 on the dielectric plate 101 has a shape other than a square.

[0094] Exemplary, the calculation formula for the cavity mode resonant frequency is:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, f mnl represents the cavity mode resonant frequency, a represents the width, b represents the height, d represents the length, m, n and l represent the mode counts, c represents the speed of light, ∈ r Represents the relative dielectric constant of the medium, μr Indicates the relative magnetic permeability of the medium.

[0097] The resonant frequency of a cavity is related to the cavity size. For example, if the medium inside the cavity is adjusted to make the TE101 mode resonate around 1.6 GHz, the frequency of the TE201 / TE102 mode is When the cavity projection plane is a square (a=d), the TE201 / TE102 mode resonates near 2.5 GHz, just near the uplink (1615.68±7 MHz) and downlink (2491.75±5 MHz) frequency bands of Beidou satellite communication. The feeding form is designed as follows Fig.18 In the form shown, the feeding position is Fig.18 3 / 4 of the Fig.19 As shown, TE101 mode and TE102 mode are generated, and the direction of the electric field generated in the opening direction is exactly 180° different. The resonant frequency of the slot is adjusted to between the two modes, so that the electric field generated by the slot is superimposed on the TE101 and TE102 modes of the cavity, and two circular polarizations with two polarizations completely orthogonal are generated near 1.6 GHz and 2.5 GHz respectively, which can meet the polarization requirements of Beidou satellite uplink and downlink communications; and the reason for using the TE102 mode instead of the TE201 mode is that its maximum radiation direction is the same as that of the TE101 mode, which is beneficial to the point-to-point communication between the mobile terminal and the satellite, and the TE102 mode is equivalent to the two antennas superimposed in phase at the radiation opening, and the gain in the maximum radiation direction is higher, which is beneficial to receiving weaker signals and has more advantages in harsh communication environments.

[0098] In such Fig.18 Under the incentive mode shown, Fig. 20 As shown, it is inevitable that the TE201 mode will be partially excited. According to the cavity mode calculation formula, if the Z-direction projection of the cavity is a square, the TE102 and TE201 mode frequencies are the same, and their radiation patterns will affect the radiation efficiency and the maximum radiation direction due to the electric field cancellation of the two modes. Therefore, it is best to design the cavity into a rectangle, fan or other irregular shape to separate the resonant frequencies of TE102 and TE201. For example, if calculated strictly according to the Beidou satellite communication frequency, the width a and length d should meet 7a 2 =8d 2 , the resonant frequency of TE102 mode is 2491.75MHz, and that of TE201 mode is 2.70GHz. Since the frequency band of satellite communication is very narrow, Beidou’s downlink only uses the TE102 mode and avoids the TE201 mode to achieve consistent sending and receiving directions of communication.

[0099] If the triple frequency of the gap is passed through Fig.21The loading capacitor shown is adjusted to be near the TE102 mode of the cavity, and superimposed with the TE102 mode. Since the electric field participating in the radiation at the opening is 180° different from the electric field generated by the one-time frequency of the slot, the handedness of the circular polarization generated by the one-time frequency of the slot and the superposition of TE101 is the same. If both are right-hand circular polarization, it can work in the uplink (1626.5-1660.5MHz) and downlink (1525-1559MHz) of the maritime communication satellite and the downlink of the Beidou satellite. In the embodiment of the present application, when feeding at 3 / 4 of the opening, the electric field phase of the one-time frequency and the three-time frequency generated by the slot at the opening differs by 180.

[0100] If the feed position is Fig. 22 At the 1 / 4 opening shown, the electric field difference in the radiation direction of the TE101 and TE102 modes is 0°, and the circular polarization of the two frequency bands generated by the superposition of the slot is the same. If both are right-hand circular polarization, they can work in the uplink and downlink of maritime communication satellites and the downlink of Beidou satellites. Fig.23 The loading capacitor shown is adjusted to be near the TE102 mode of the cavity and superimposed with the TE102 mode. Since the electric field participating in the radiation at the opening is in the same direction as the electric field generated by the one-fold frequency of the slot, the handedness of the circular polarization it produces is the same as the handedness of the circular polarization generated by the superposition of the one-fold frequency of the slot and TE101.

[0101] In the above scheme of the present application, a speaker cavity 102 capable of conducting electricity is provided on the first surface of the dielectric plate 101, and an opening is provided on the first side surface of the speaker cavity 102 parallel to the width direction of the electronic device, and a gap parallel to the length direction of the electronic device is provided on the metal plate 103 arranged in contact with the second surface of the dielectric plate 101. In this way, when the feeding microstrip line 105 is working, an electric field component parallel to the thickness direction of the electronic device can be generated at the opening 1021, and an electric field component along the width direction of the electronic device can be generated at the gap 104. The two electric field components form two electric field components that are orthogonal to each other and have a phase difference of 90 degrees. Since the equivalent electrical length of the gap 104 is λ / 4, the amplitudes of the above two electric field components are equal, so that based on the two electric field components, a circularly polarized electromagnetic signal with a maximum radiation direction toward the top of the electronic device can be generated, effectively avoiding the problem of communication polarization mismatch. In addition, by adding reactive elements and switches at appropriate positions inside the gap and the cavity, and by reasonably switching the equivalent electrical lengths of the two (the order of the resonant frequencies), the circular polarization frequency can be reconfigured.

[0102] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0103] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0104] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or terminal device including the elements.

[0105] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary personnel in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles described in the present application. These improvements and modifications are also within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A dielectric plate, wherein a speaker cavity is disposed on a first surface of the dielectric plate, the speaker cavity is a conductive cavity, an opening is disposed on a first side surface of the speaker cavity, and a plane where the first side surface is located is parallel to a width direction of the electronic device; a metal plate, the metal plate is arranged in contact with the second surface of the dielectric plate, a gap is arranged on the metal plate, and a projection of the gap on the dielectric plate is in contact with a side edge of the speaker cavity, the side edge includes an edge other than a first edge of the speaker cavity, the first edge is an edge in the first side surface, and the second surface is a surface opposite to the first surface; A feeding microstrip line, wherein the feeding microstrip line is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate, a feeding point of the feeding microstrip line is located outside the speaker cavity, the feeding microstrip line passes through a projection of the gap on the dielectric plate, and the feeding microstrip line penetrates from the outside of the speaker cavity to the inside of the speaker cavity; The equivalent electrical length of the slot is λ / 4, where λ is the resonant wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency of the loudspeaker cavity operating in the first frequency band.

2. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the feeding point is connected to the feed source, the electric field direction of the electric field in the speaker cavity is parallel to the thickness direction of the electronic device, and the electric field direction of the electric field in the gap is parallel to the width direction of the electronic device.

3. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gap includes at least one of a first gap and a second gap, wherein a projection of the first gap on the dielectric plate is aligned with a first side edge of the speaker cavity, and a projection of the second gap on the dielectric plate is aligned with a second side edge of the speaker cavity.

4. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A matching element is connected to the feeding microstrip line, and the matching element is used to adjust the feeding phase of at least one of the gap and the speaker cavity.

5. The electronic device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The matching element comprises: at least one of a first matching element and a second matching element; Wherein, the first matching element is arranged in the projection area of ​​the slot on the dielectric plate, and the first matching element is used to adjust the feeding phase of the slot; The second matching element is disposed in the speaker cavity, and the second matching element is used to adjust the feeding phase of the speaker cavity.

6. The electronic device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The matching element includes a microstrip branch or a reactive element.

7. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding microstrip line is parallel to the width direction of the electronic device, and the feeding microstrip line passes through a target position point, which is a projection of the center position of the speaker cavity on the dielectric board.

8. The electronic device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first frequency band is a frequency band corresponding to the transverse electromagnetic wave TE101 mode of the speaker cavity.

9. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding microstrip line is parallel to the width direction of the electronic device, and the distance between the feeding microstrip line and the center line is 1 / 4 of the length of the speaker cavity; The center line is parallel to the width direction of the speaker cavity and passes through a target position point, and the target position point is a projection of the center position of the speaker cavity on the dielectric plate.

10. The electronic device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first frequency band is a frequency band corresponding to the transverse electromagnetic wave TE102 mode of the speaker cavity.

11. The electronic device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: The projection of the speaker cavity on the dielectric plate has a shape other than a square.

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