An artificial knee joint prosthesis

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of medical devices, and particularly to an artificial knee joint prosthesis. An artificial knee joint prosthesis includes: a tibial tray; a liner mounted on the tibial tray; a femoral condyle prosthesis, which includes a femoral condyle metal component and a femoral condyle ceramic component. The femoral condyle ceramic component covers the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component. The femoral condyle ceramic component is in sliding fit with the liner. The inner wall of the femoral condyle metal component is a 3D printed trabecular bone structure, which can achieve biological fixation and bone ingrowth. This application has the effect of reducing the friction between the liner and the femoral condyle prosthesis, reducing the particles generated by polyethylene wear, thereby reducing the occurrence of inflammation in patients, avoiding bone cement reactions, and reducing the occurrence of postoperative pain and joint instability in patients.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of medical devices, and particularly to an artificial knee joint prosthesis. Background Art

[0002] Osteoarthritis is one of the major diseases seriously endangering the health of the elderly population. Knee joint replacement surgery is an effective method for treating end-stage osteoarthritis and restoring joint function. At present, most artificial knee joint prostheses adopt casting and machining processes, with standardized specifications and are fixed with bone cement, resulting in problems such as poor adaptability, bone cement syndrome, and long-term prosthesis loosening. Currently, the friction interface of knee joint prostheses is a friction interface with a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy - ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene mating pair. This interface can provide good friction performance and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene provides a certain buffering performance. However, particles generated by the wear of polyethylene under long-term use can induce inflammatory reactions, induce osteolysis, and lead to prosthesis loosening. The alloy material will also release certain ions to produce corresponding toxicity, easily resulting in postoperative pain and joint instability for patients. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide an artificial knee joint prosthesis, which is used to reduce the friction between the liner and the femoral condyle prosthesis, thereby reducing the particles generated by the wear of polyethylene, further reducing the occurrence of inflammation in patients, and reducing the occurrence of postoperative pain and joint instability in patients. Through a unique metal-ceramic nested design, the optimization of the friction interface is achieved, and at the same time, a 3D printed trabecular structure is designed to achieve biological fixation of the prosthesis, avoiding the use of bone cement.

[0004] An artificial knee joint prosthesis provided by this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] An artificial knee joint prosthesis, comprising:

[0006] Tibial tray;

[0007] Liner, installed on the tibial tray;

[0008] Femoral condyle prosthesis, comprising a femoral condyle metal component and a femoral condyle ceramic component, the femoral condyle ceramic component covering the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component, and the femoral condyle ceramic component slidingly cooperating with the liner.

[0009] Optionally, a plurality of abutting planes are provided on the outer surface of the femoral condyle metal component, and the abutting planes are also provided on the femoral condyle ceramic component, and the abutting planes on the femoral condyle ceramic component can be mutually attached to the abutting planes on the femoral condyle metal component.

[0010] Optionally, a trabecular structure is provided on the inner wall of the femoral condyle metal component.

[0011] Optionally, the femoral condyle ceramic component is made of Biolox delta ceramic material, alumina material, or zirconia material.

[0012] Optionally, the liner is made of UHMWPE material, XUHMWPE material, Vit-E XUHMWPE material, polyetheretherketone material, or polyetheretherketone reinforced material.

[0013] Optionally, the femoral condyle metal component is made of Ti6Al4V material, CoCrMo alloy material, or tantalum metal and its alloy materials.

[0014] Optionally, the tibial tray is made of Ti6Al4V material, CoCrMo alloy material, or tantalum metal and its alloy materials.

[0015] Optionally, there is a gap between the femoral condyle ceramic component and the femoral condyle metal component, and an elastic member is arranged in the gap. The elastic member is respectively in contact with the femoral condyle ceramic component and the femoral condyle metal component.

[0016] Optionally, the elastic member fills the gap. Protrusions are fixedly connected to both sides of the elastic member. Dovetail grooves are formed on the inner wall of the femoral condyle ceramic component and the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component. The protrusions are adapted to the dovetail grooves and can be inserted into the corresponding dovetail grooves.

[0017] Optionally, a plurality of elastic members are provided, and the plurality of elastic members are spaced apart and distributed in the gap. Grooves are formed on the inner wall of the femoral condyle ceramic component and the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component. The elastic members are inserted into the corresponding grooves and are in interference fit with the grooves.

[0018] In this application, a layer of femoral condyle ceramic component is wrapped on the femoral condyle metal component. During the operation of the artificial knee joint prosthesis, the femoral condyle ceramic component and the liner rub against each other. Compared with the traditional metal-polyethylene friction interface, the friction force between the femoral condyle ceramic component and the liner is smaller, and its wear resistance is better. Therefore, the particles generated by polyethylene wear are reduced, thereby reducing the possibility of inducing inflammatory reactions, and reducing the occurrence of osteolysis and prosthesis loosening. And because the femoral condyle ceramic component isolates the femoral condyle metal component and the liner from each other, the wear of the femoral condyle metal component is eliminated, and further, the situation of releasing ions due to the wear of metal materials and generating corresponding toxicity is reduced, thereby reducing the damage to the patient. And because the femoral condyle ceramic component is coated on the femoral condyle metal component, the contact area between the femoral condyle metal component and body fluid is reduced, and further, the situation of corrosion of the femoral condyle metal component is reduced, and further, the situation of releasing ions due to the femoral condyle metal component and generating corresponding toxicity is reduced.

[0019] In summary, the ceramic - polyethylene friction interface is a superior artificial joint friction pair, and has been widely verified in artificial hip joints. It can avoid the precipitation of metal ions and reduce the wear of the polymer liner.

[0020] Secondly, by arranging an elastic member between the femoral condyle metal component and the femoral condyle ceramic component, during the patient's movement, the liner made of high - molecular polyethylene material provides the first buffer for the femoral condyle ceramic component, and the elastic member provides the second buffer for the femoral condyle ceramic component. Thus, the risk of the femoral condyle ceramic component cracking is reduced. And due to the existence of two - stage buffering, during the patient's movement, the impact force on the artificial knee joint prosthesis is reduced, improving the patient's comfort level during movement. Moreover, on one side of the femoral condyle ceramic component is the liner and on the other side is the elastic member, and both sides are in flexible contact. The liner and the elastic member wrap the femoral condyle ceramic component, further reducing the impact force on the femoral condyle ceramic component and reducing the occurrence of damage to the femoral condyle ceramic component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an artificial knee joint prosthesis applied in a total artificial knee joint prosthesis in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0022] Figure 2 FIG. is an oblique view of the femoral condyle prosthesis in the total artificial knee joint prosthesis in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0023] Figure 3 FIG. is a front view of the femoral condyle prosthesis in the total artificial knee joint prosthesis in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0024] Figure 4 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an artificial knee joint prosthesis applied in a unicompartmental prosthesis in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0025] Figure 5 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the femoral condyle prosthesis in a specific embodiment of Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0026] Figure 6 FIG. is a sectional view of the femoral condyle prosthesis in another specific embodiment of Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0027] In the figures, 1, tibial tray; 2, liner; 3, femoral condyle prosthesis; 31, femoral condyle metal component; 32, femoral condyle ceramic component; 33, abutting plane; 34, gap; 4, trabecular structure; 5, elastic member; 6, protrusion; 7, dovetail groove; 8, groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0028] The following further describes the present application in detail Figure 1 - attached Figure 6 drawings,

[0029] The artificial knee joint prosthesis introduced below can be applied to total artificial knee joint prostheses or unicompartmental prostheses. The specific solutions are as follows: Example 1:

[0030] An artificial knee joint prosthesis, referring to Figures 1 to 4 , includes a tibial tray 1, a liner 2, and a femoral condyle prosthesis 3. The femoral condyle prosthesis 3 includes a femoral condyle metal component 31 and a femoral condyle ceramic component 32. The liner 2 is fixed on the tibial tray 1, and the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is coated on the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component 31. The ceramic component slides in cooperation with the liner 2.

[0031] Specifically, when installing the artificial knee joint prosthesis, first cut the tibia and femoral condyle of the human body into corresponding shapes, then fix the tibial tray 1 on the tibia, wrap and fix the femoral condyle metal component 31 on the femoral condyle, and then fix the liner 2 on the tibial tray 1 so that the liner 2 forms a sliding fit with the femoral condyle ceramic component 32. During the movement of the leg, the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 rotates and slides on the liner 2 to simulate the movement of the joint.

[0032] In this embodiment, the tibial tray 1 is fixed on the tibia, the femoral condyle metal component 31 is fixed on the tibia, and the liner 2 is fixed on the tibial tray 1. Specifically, a trabecular structure 4 is provided on the inner wall of the femoral condyle metal component 31. By setting the trabecular structure 4, bone tissue will grow into the interior of the trabecular structure 4, so that the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the femoral condyle are fixed to each other. The bottom surface of the tibial tray 1 is also provided with the above trabecular structure 4. The tibial tray 1 is fixed on the tibia through the trabecular structure 4, and the liner 2 is fixed on the tibial tray 1 by a buckle. In other embodiments, the liner 2 can also be fixed on the tibial tray 1 by a mortise and tenon structure or other means. In a mobile-bearing unicompartmental prosthesis, the liner 2 can slide in cooperation with the tibial tray 1.

[0033] First, by setting the femoral condyle metal component 31, the strength of the entire femoral condyle prosthesis 3 is ensured. Secondly, a layer of femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is wrapped around the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component 31. The femoral condyle ceramic component 32 isolates the liner 2 from the femoral condyle metal component 31. During the operation of the artificial knee joint prosthesis, the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the liner 2 rub against each other. Compared with the mutual friction between the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the liner 2, the frictional force between the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the liner 2 is smaller, thereby reducing the wear of the liner 2, reducing the particles generated by polyethylene wear, reducing the possibility of inducing an inflammatory reaction, and reducing the occurrence of osteolysis and prosthesis loosening. And because the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 isolates the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the liner 2 from each other, the wear of the femoral condyle metal component 31 is reduced, and further the situation of releasing ions due to metal material wear and generating corresponding toxicity is reduced, thereby reducing the damage to the patient. Finally, since the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is coated on the femoral condyle metal component 31, the contact area between the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the body fluid is reduced, and further the situation of corrosion of the femoral condyle metal component 31 is reduced, and the situation of releasing ions due to the femoral condyle metal component 31 and generating corresponding toxicity is further reduced.

[0034] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is made of Biolox delta ceramic material, or alumina material, or zirconia material; the liner 2 is made of UHMWPE material, or XUHMWPE material, or Vit-E XUHMWPE material, or polyetheretherketone material, or polyetheretherketone reinforced material; the femoral condyle metal component 31 is made of Ti6Al4V material, or CoCrMo alloy material, or tantalum metal and its alloy; the tibial tray 1 is also made of Ti6Al4V material, or CoCrMo alloy material, or tantalum metal and its alloy. In other embodiments, other materials can also be used to make the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, the femoral condyle metal component 31, the liner 2, and the tibial tray 1.

[0035] Furthermore, a number of abutting planes 33 are provided on the outer surface of the femoral condyle metal component 31, and a number of the above-mentioned abutting planes 33 are also provided on the femoral condyle ceramic component 32. When installing the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, the abutting planes 33 on the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 are aligned with and fixedly attached to the abutting planes 33 on the femoral condyle metal component 31.

[0036] Since abutting planes 33 are provided on both the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31, an angle will be formed at the edge of each abutting plane 33. Therefore, when the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is attached to the femoral condyle metal component 31, due to the presence of multiple angles at the abutting portion between the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31, after the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is attached to the femoral condyle metal component 31, the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is not likely to slide on the femoral condyle metal component 31, thereby making the connection between the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31 more stable and reducing the occurrence of position offset between the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31 during movement. Embodiment 2:

[0037] The structure of this Embodiment 2 is substantially the same as that of Embodiment 1, and the difference lies in that an elastic member 5 is added.

[0038] Referring to Figure 5 , an elastic member 5 is provided between the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, a gap 34 is provided between the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, and the elastic member 5 is arranged in the gap 34 and abuts against the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 respectively. In this embodiment, the elastic member 5 is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene material, and in other embodiments, the elastic member 5 can also be made of other materials that can generate elasticity.

[0039] In a specific implementation manner of this embodiment, the elastic member 5 is in a sheet shape and fills the gap 34, and both sides of the elastic member 5 are fixedly connected to the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 respectively. When the patient is moving, pressure will be generated between the cushion 2 and the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, especially when the patient is running or jumping, the pressure is greater. However, since the strength of the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is less than that of the femoral condyle metal component 31, there is a risk of rupture of the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 during the patient's use. By providing the elastic member 5 between the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, during the patient's movement, the cushion 2 made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene material buffers the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 for the first time, and the elastic member 5 buffers the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 for the second time, thereby reducing the risk of rupture of the femoral condyle ceramic component 32. And due to the existence of two buffers, during the patient's movement, the impact force received by the artificial knee joint prosthesis is reduced, and the patient's movement comfort is improved. Moreover, one side of the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is the cushion 2 and the other side is the elastic member 5, and both sides are in flexible contact. The cushion 2 and the elastic member 5 wrap the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, further reducing the impact force received by the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and reducing the occurrence of damage to the femoral condyle ceramic component 32.

[0040] Further, convex portions 6 are fixedly connected to both sides of the elastic member 5. Dovetail grooves 7 are formed in the inner wall of the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component 31. The convex portions 6 are adapted to the dovetail grooves 7. When installing the elastic member 5, the convex portion 6 on one side of the elastic member 5 is inserted into the dovetail groove 7 on the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, and the convex portion 6 on the other side of the elastic member 5 is inserted into the dovetail groove 7 on the femoral condyle metal component 31, thereby completing the installation of the elastic member 5 and realizing the mutual fixation between the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31. To further increase the installation stability of the elastic member 5, the elastic member 5 is in interference fit with the dovetail groove 7.

[0041] Due to the provision of the convex portions 6 and the dovetail grooves 7, during the installation process of the elastic member 5, the convex portions 6 are inserted into the corresponding dovetail grooves 7, thereby limiting the position of the elastic member 5 and reducing the occurrence of the situation where the elastic member 5 is displaced within the gap 34, thus facilitating the installation and fixation of the elastic member 5.

[0042] Refer to Figure 6 Referring to, in another specific embodiment of the present embodiment, the elastic member 5 is columnar and a plurality of elastic members 5 are provided. The plurality of elastic members 5 are evenly spaced within the gap 34. A plurality of grooves 8 are formed in the inner wall of the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component 31. The grooves 8 are adapted to the elastic members 5. The elastic members 5 can be inserted into the grooves 8 and are in interference fit with the grooves 8. When installing the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, the plurality of elastic members 5 are placed between the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31, and then the two ends of the elastic members 5 are respectively inserted into the grooves 8 on the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31. When the elastic members 5 abut against the inner bottom walls of the grooves 8, a gap 34 is formed between the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31.

[0043] In another specific embodiment of the present embodiment, the elastic member 5 is strip-shaped. A plurality of elastic members 5 are spaced within the gap 34, and there is a group of elastic members 5 arranged around the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 for one week to close the gap 34 and reduce the situation of body fluid flowing into the gap 34. The elastic member 5 can be mutually fixed to the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31 respectively. Since the plurality of elastic members 5 are spaced apart from each other, a space is left for the elastic member 5 to undergo sufficient elastic deformation, thereby further increasing the buffering of the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and reducing the impact force received by the femoral condyle ceramic component 32.

[0044] The embodiments of this specific embodiment are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the protection scope of the present application accordingly. The same components are denoted by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An artificial knee joint prosthesis, characterized in that, Comprising: Tibial tray (1); Pad (2), mounted on the tibial tray (1); Femoral condyle prosthesis (3), including a femoral condyle metal component (31) and a femoral condyle ceramic component (32), the femoral condyle ceramic component (32) covering the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component (31), and the femoral condyle ceramic component (32) being in sliding fit with the pad (2); A number of abutting planes (33) are provided on the outer surface of the femoral condyle metal component (31), and the abutting planes (33) are also provided on the femoral condyle ceramic component (32), and the abutting planes (33) on the femoral condyle ceramic component (32) can be mutually abutted against the abutting planes (33) on the femoral condyle metal component (31); There is a gap (34) between the femoral condyle ceramic component (32) and the femoral condyle metal component (31), and an elastic member (5) is provided in the gap (34), and the elastic member (5) is respectively abutted against the femoral condyle ceramic component (32) and the femoral condyle metal component (31).

2. An artificial knee joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that, A trabecular structure (4) is provided on the inner wall of the femoral condyle metal component (31).

3. An artificial knee joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The femoral condyle ceramic component (32) is made of Biolox delta ceramic material or alumina material or zirconia material.

4. An artificial knee joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pad (2) is made of UHMWPE material or polyetheretherketone material or polyetheretherketone reinforced material.

5. An artificial knee joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The femoral condyle metal component (31) is made of Ti6Al4V material or CoCrMo alloy material or tantalum metal and its alloy materials.

6. An artificial knee joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tibial tray (1) is made of Ti6Al4V material or CoCrMo alloy material or tantalum metal and its alloy materials.

7. An artificial knee joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic member (5) fills the gap (34), and protrusions (6) are fixedly connected to both sides of the elastic member (5). Dovetail grooves (7) are provided on the inner wall of the femoral condyle ceramic component (32) and the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component (31), and the protrusions (6) are adapted to the dovetail grooves (7) and can be inserted into the corresponding dovetail grooves (7).

8. An artificial knee joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that, A number of elastic members (5) are provided, and the number of elastic members (5) are spaced apart and distributed in the gap (34). Grooves (8) are provided on the inner wall of the femoral condyle ceramic component (32) and the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component (31), and the elastic members (5) are inserted into the corresponding grooves (8) and are in interference fit with the grooves (8).

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