Biliary tract dilator for PTCD operation

Abstract

The invention provides a biliary tract dilator for a PTCD operation, and belongs to the field of medical instruments. The problems that an expansion tube needs to be replaced frequently, the expansion mode of the expansion tube is step change, expansion is not soft, the expansion speed is difficult to control, and the flushing speed is difficult to control are solved. The biliary tract dilator for the PTCD operation comprises a dilation tube and a needle cylinder, the dilation tube further comprises branch tube walls, a spiral air tube is arranged between the branch tube walls in a penetrating mode to form a tube body, one end of the spiral air tube is connected with a head outlet tube, the head outlet tube is sequentially provided with a taper tube and a connector, and the connector is sequentially connected with a one-way air valve, a three-way tube and the needle cylinder. When the spiral air pipe is inflated, the diameter of the center of the spiral air pipe is gradually increased, and the branch pipe wall is expanded outwards from the center. The biliary tract dilator has the advantages that the dilation tube does not need to be frequently replaced, the dilation mode of the dilation tube is linear change, dilation is softer, the dilation speed is better controlled, and the biliary tract flushing speed of a doctor is controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery. Background Art

[0002] During PTCD surgery, a bile dilation tube is required to dilate the bile duct in some cases, such as when bile duct stones, inflammatory stenosis of the bile duct, bile duct tumors and other lesions cause bile duct stenosis or obstruction, and when tumors such as pancreatic head cancer and periampullary cancer compress the bile duct, causing bile duct stenosis. During PTCD tube placement and replacement surgery, the incidence of bile-cardiac reflex is 10-20%. Previous studies have shown that the cause of the bile-cardiac reflex is related to the doctor's excessively fast dilation of the bile duct.

[0003] The current method of bile duct dilation is to gradually introduce a dilation tube with increasing diameter on the guide wire, and complete the dilation of the bile duct as the diameter of the dilation tube increases. The bile duct is expanded by replacing dilation tubes with larger diameters in sequence. The diameter change of this dilation method is gradient, that is, the bile duct is expanded by a certain range after each replacement of the dilation tube, and it is easy to cause the patient to have a biliary-cardiac reflex within this range of change. Secondly, in this process of inserting and withdrawing the dilation tubes in sequence, the speed of bile duct expansion is difficult to control, and once it is too fast, it is easy for the patient to have a biliary-cardiac reflex. Secondly, it is difficult for the doctor to control the flushing speed when flushing the bile duct, and once the flushing speed is too fast, it will also cause the patient to have a biliary-cardiac reflex. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery, which has the advantages of not needing to frequently replace the dilation tube, the dilation tube's expansion mode is linearly changed, the expansion is gentler, the expansion speed can be better controlled, and the speed of the doctor's bile duct flushing can be controlled. This solves the problem that the diameter change of the current bile duct dilation mode is gradient, that is, the bile duct is expanded to a certain range after replacing the dilation tube once, and it is easy to cause the patient to have a biliary-cardiac reflex within this range of change. Secondly, in the process of inserting and withdrawing the dilation tube in sequence, the speed of bile duct expansion is difficult to control, and once it is too fast, it is easy to cause the patient to have a biliary-cardiac reflex. Also, when the doctor is flushing the bile duct, it is difficult to control the flushing speed, and once the flushing speed is too fast, the patient will also have a biliary-cardiac reflex.

[0005] (II) Technical solution In order to achieve the above purpose of not needing to frequently replace the expansion tube, the expansion mode of the expansion tube is linearly changed, the expansion is softer, the expansion speed can be better controlled, and the speed of the doctor's bile duct flushing can be controlled, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery, comprising an expansion tube and a syringe, the expansion tube also comprising a branch tube wall, a spiral air tube is inserted between the branch tube walls, the spiral air tube connects several branch tube walls into a tube body, one end of the spiral air tube is sealed in the branch tube wall, the other end of the spiral air tube is connected to an outlet tube, the outlet tube is sequentially provided with a cone tube and an interface, the interface is connected to a one-way air valve, the one-way air valve is connected to a three-way pipe, the three-way pipe is connected to a syringe, the syringe is used to inflate the spiral air tube, when the spiral air tube is inflated, the central diameter of the spiral air tube will gradually increase, and several branch tube walls will expand from the center to the outside.

[0006] Preferably, the number of the branch pipe walls is at least 4.

[0007] Preferably, the spiral air pipe is made of rubber.

[0008] Preferably, the one-way air valve comprises an air inlet and an air outlet, the interface is connected to the air outlet of a one-way air valve, and the air inlet of the one-way air valve is connected to the three-way pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the three-way tube includes a T-shaped tube, and the three ends of the T-shaped tube are respectively provided with connection end one, connection end two and connection end three, the connection end two is connected to the air inlet of the one-way air valve connected to the interface, and the connection end one is connected to the needle of the syringe.

[0010] Preferably, the connection end three is connected to an air outlet of another one-way air valve.

[0011] Preferably, the one-way air valve also includes a cavity, wherein a spring is arranged inside the cavity and has one end connected to the inside of the air outlet, and the other end of the spring is connected to a sealing end cover, and when the spring is in a natural state, the sealing end cover is pressed against the inside of the air inlet, and the air inlet and the air outlet are not connected, and when the spring is in a compressed state, the sealing end cover is away from the air inlet, and the air inlet and the air outlet are connected.

[0012] Preferably, the syringe comprises a barrel and a piston, and the piston can slide in the barrel to inflate the spiral air tube.

[0013] Preferably, the outside of the cylinder is provided with scales.

[0014] Preferably, a limit ring is provided at the opening of the cylinder, and the limit ring is used to prevent the piston from sliding out of the cylinder and limit the initial position of the piston.

[0015] Preferably, when the expansion tube is placed in the patient's body and expanded to its full extent, when the bile duct needs to be flushed, a speed limiting valve is installed on the end of the expansion tube exposed outside the patient's body, and the speed limiting valve includes a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, the liquid inlet is connected to a syringe filled with flushing fluid, and the liquid outlet is connected to the expansion tube, and a wing-shaped obstacle is arranged inside the speed limiting valve.

[0016] (III) Beneficial effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery, which has the following beneficial effects: The bile duct dilator for the PTCD surgery is used in conjunction with a syringe, a three-way tube, a one-way air valve and a dilation tube. After the guide wire is inserted into the patient's body, the dilation tube is then inserted onto the guide wire. After ensuring that the dilation tube is fully expanded through external imaging equipment, the one-way air valve, three-way tube and syringe are assembled. Before assembling the syringe, the piston should be pulled outward to the limit ring to ensure that the initial inflation position is at the 0 scale. With the help of external imaging equipment, the piston is gradually compressed downward, and the spiral air tube expands accordingly, expanding the walls of each branch tube from the center to the outside. When the patient feels uncomfortable, the inflation is stopped, indicating that the patient's bile duct expansion limit has been reached. Each scale on the cylinder represents the diameter of the dilation tube when these gases are filled, which is convenient for medical staff to observe intuitively.

[0017] After the expansion tube is installed in place, during the subsequent bile duct flushing process. First, install a speed limit valve on the exposed end of the expansion tube, and then install a syringe filled with flushing fluid at the liquid inlet of the speed limit valve. Slowly press the syringe to fill the flushing fluid in the syringe into the expansion tube through the speed limit valve and then into the bile duct. In the process of pressing the syringe, if the doctor presses too fast, the wing-shaped obstacle in the speed limit valve will prevent the fast-flowing flushing fluid. The faster the doctor presses, the more difficult it is for the flushing fluid to flush into the expansion tube. Only when the doctor presses the syringe slowly, the flushing fluid will slowly flow into the expansion tube to flush the bile duct. The speed limit valve forms a structure similar to a Tesla valve, thereby controlling the speed at which the flushing fluid enters the expansion tube to flush the bile duct.

[0018] There is no need to frequently replace the dilation tube, the dilation tube expands in a linear manner, the expansion is gentler, the expansion speed is better controlled, and the speed of bile duct flushing by the doctor is controlled. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a dilation tube of a bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery of the present invention; Figure 3This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of a bile duct dilator at position A for PTCD surgery according to the present invention; Figure 4 A top view of a dilation tube of a bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-way tube of a bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a one-way air valve of a bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery of the present invention; Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a one-way air valve of a bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery according to the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bile duct dilator syringe for PTCD surgery of the present invention; Fig. 9 A schematic structural diagram of a bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery of the present invention when a speed-limiting valve is installed; Fig.10 This is a cross-sectional view of a rate-limiting valve of a bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery according to the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1. Syringe, 11. Cylinder, 12. Piston, 13. Limiting ring, 2. Tee pipe, 21. Connection end one, 22. Connection end two, 23. Connection end three, 24. T-shaped pipe, 3. One-way air valve, 31. Air inlet, 32. Air outlet, 33. Cavity, 34. Spring, 35. Sealing end cap, 4. expansion tube, 41. branch tube wall, 42. spiral air tube, 43. cone tube, 44. interface, 45. outlet tube, 5. Speed ​​limiting valve, 51. Liquid inlet, 52. Liquid outlet, 53. Wing-shaped obstacle, Center diameter d. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] See also Figure 1-10A bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery includes a dilation tube 4 and a syringe 1. The dilation tube 4 is introduced into the patient's body under the guidance of a guide wire to dilate the patient's duct, and the syringe 1 inflates the spiral air tube 42 so that the diameter of the expansion tube gradually increases in a linear manner to achieve bile duct dilation.

[0023] The expansion tube 4 includes a branch wall 41, and the number of the branch walls 41 is at least 4. In this patent, there are 6 branch walls 41. The arrangement of multiple branch walls 41 makes the expansion more uniform and stable. The material of the branch wall 41 is nylon, polyperfluoroethylene propylene copolymer, etc.

[0024] A spiral air tube 42 is provided between the branch tube walls 41, and the spiral air tube 42 connects the six branch tube walls 41 into a tube body, thereby ensuring that the expansion tube 4 can be introduced into the patient's body under the action of the guide wire. When the spiral air tube 42 is inflated, the central diameter d of the spiral air tube 42 will gradually increase, expanding the several branch tube walls 41 from the center to the outside, thereby achieving the expansion effect.

[0025] One end of the spiral air tube 42 is sealed in the branch pipe wall 41, and the other end of the spiral air tube 42 is connected to an outlet pipe 45. The outlet pipe 45 leads the spiral air tube 42 out of the branch pipe wall 41, thereby facilitating the installation of the external components of the expansion tube 4 and the inflation operation.

[0026] The outlet pipe 45 is provided with a cone tube 43 and an interface 44 in sequence, the one-way air valve 3 includes an air inlet 31 and an air outlet 32, the interface 44 is connected to an air outlet 32 ​​of the one-way air valve 3, and the air inlet 31 of the one-way air valve 3 is connected to the three-way pipe 2. Since the diameter of the spiral air pipe 42 is relatively small, in the process of interconnection with the external one-way air valve 3, in order to ensure the stability of the connection, the diameter of the spiral air pipe 42 is enlarged through the cone tube 43, and then interconnected with the one-way air valve 3 through the interface 44 to realize the conduction of the air path.

[0027] The interface 44 is connected to a one-way air valve 3, to which a three-way pipe 2 is connected, to which a syringe 1 is connected, and the syringe 1 is used to inflate the spiral air tube 42. The one-way air valve 3 connected to the interface 44 is subsequently connected to a three-way pipe 2, which is in turn connected to the syringe 1, so as to achieve overall air conduction, ensure that the gas is smoothly and stably filled into the spiral air tube 42, and finally ensure the stable, continuous and controllable expansion of the expansion tube 4.

[0028] The three-way pipe 2 includes a T-shaped pipe 24, and the three ends of the T-shaped pipe 24 are respectively provided with a connection end 1 21, a connection end 22 and a connection end 3 23. The connection end 22 is connected to the air inlet 31 of the one-way air valve 3 connected to the interface 44, and the connection end 1 21 is connected to the needle of the syringe 1. The connection end 3 23 is connected to the air outlet 32 ​​of another one-way air valve 3. In order to ensure that the gas filled in the spiral air tube 42 will not leak, two one-way air valves 3 are respectively connected to the connection end 1 21 and the connection end 22 of the three-way pipe 2. When the spiral air tube 42 is inflated, the spring 34 inside the one-way air valve 3 on the branch of the T-shaped tube 24 is in a natural state, pressing the sealing end cover 35 onto the air inlet 31, and the air path is blocked; while the spring 34 inside the one-way air valve 3 on the main road of the T-shaped tube 24 is compressed under the impact of the gas, so that the sealing end cover 35 is away from the air inlet 31, the air path is blocked, and the gas is smoothly filled into the spiral air tube 42. On the contrary, in order to prevent the spiral air tube 42 that has expanded to a certain extent from deflation, the one-way air valve 3 on the main road of the T-shaped tube 24 is blocked, and the gas in the spiral air tube 42 cannot leak, thereby ensuring the shape of the expansion tube 4.

[0029] The syringe 1 includes a barrel 11 and a piston 12 . The piston 12 can slide in the barrel 11 to inflate the spiral air tube 42 .

[0030] The cylinder 11 is provided with a scale on the outside. When the piston 12 is compressed downward to inflate the spiral air tube 42, in order to intuitively understand the expansion degree of the expansion tube 4, the corresponding scale reached when the piston 12 is pressed down a certain distance indicates how large the diameter of the expansion tube is at this time when the volume of gas is filled, which is convenient for medical staff to observe intuitively.

[0031] A limit ring 13 is provided at the opening of the cylinder 11, and the limit ring 13 is used to prevent the piston 12 from slipping out of the cylinder 11 and limit the initial position of the piston 12. When filling the spiral air tube 42 with gas, it should be ensured that the piston 12 is at the outermost side of the cylinder 11. Only in this way, when the piston 12 is compressed downward, the corresponding scale and the diameter of the expansion tube at this time can correspond one to one. Therefore, before starting to inflate, the piston 12 should be pulled outward until the piston 12 reaches the limit ring 13, and the initial position of the fixed piston 12 during inflation is correct.

[0032] When the expansion tube 4 is placed in the patient's body and expanded to the right position, when the bile duct needs to be flushed, a speed limit valve 5 is installed on the end of the expansion tube 4 exposed outside the patient's body, and the speed limit valve 5 includes a liquid inlet 51 and a liquid outlet 52. The liquid inlet 51 is connected to a syringe 1 filled with flushing liquid, and the liquid outlet 52 is connected to the expansion tube 4. A wing-shaped obstacle 53 is arranged inside the speed limit valve 5. The wing-shaped obstacle 53 inside the speed limit valve 5 makes the flow channel inside the entire speed limit valve 5 form a structure similar to a Tesla valve. When the doctor presses the syringe 1 too fast, the flushing liquid inside the syringe 1 quickly rushes into the speed limit valve 5. At this time, the wing-shaped obstacle 53 will prevent the flushing liquid that rushes in quickly from flowing into the expansion tube 4. When the doctor presses the syringe 1 slowly, the flushing liquid inside the syringe 1 can slowly flow through the speed limit valve 5 and enter the expansion tube 4, thereby controlling the doctor's flushing speed and preventing the flushing speed from being too fast, causing the patient to have a gallbladder-heart reflex. Secondly, during the flushing process, the flushing liquid still needs to flow slowly through the speed limiting valve 5, but the flow speed is limited. Therefore, there is no need to set too many wing-shaped obstacles 53 in the speed limiting valve 5. Too many wing-shaped obstacles 53 will make it impossible for the flushing liquid to rush into the expansion tube 4 at all, thereby failing to achieve the flushing effect. In this patent, five wing-shaped obstacles 53 are set, which can not only prevent the flushing liquid from rushing into the expansion tube 4 quickly, but also allow the flushing liquid to rush into the expansion tube 4 slowly, thereby playing a role in speed control.

[0033] Working principle: After the guide wire is passed into the patient's body, the expansion tube 4 is then passed on the guide wire. After ensuring that the expansion tube 4 is expanded to the right position through external imaging equipment, the one-way air valve 3, the three-way pipe 2 and the syringe 1 are assembled. Before the syringe 1 is assembled, the piston 12 should be pulled outward to the limit ring 13 to ensure that the initial inflation position is at the 0 scale. With the help of external imaging equipment, the piston 12 is gradually compressed downward, and the spiral air tube 42 expands accordingly, expanding each branch wall 41 from the center to the outside. When the patient feels uncomfortable, the inflation is stopped, indicating that the limit of the patient's bile duct expansion has been reached at this time. Each scale on the cylinder 11 represents the diameter of the expansion tube 4 when these gases are filled, which is convenient for medical staff to observe intuitively.

[0034] After the expansion tube 4 is installed in place, in the subsequent process of bile duct flushing. First, install the speed limit valve 5 on the exposed end of the expansion tube 4, and then install the syringe 1 filled with flushing liquid at the liquid inlet 51 of the speed limit valve 5. Slowly press the syringe 1, and the flushing liquid in the syringe 1 is filled into the expansion tube 4 through the speed limit valve 5 and then enters the bile duct. In the process of pressing the syringe 1, if the doctor presses too fast, the wing-shaped obstacle 53 in the speed limit valve 5 will prevent the flushing liquid from flowing quickly. The faster the doctor presses, the more difficult it is for the flushing liquid to flush into the expansion tube 4. Only when the doctor presses the syringe 1 slowly, the flushing liquid will slowly flow into the expansion tube 4 to flush the bile duct. The speed limit valve 5 forms a structure similar to a Tesla valve, thereby controlling the speed at which the flushing liquid enters the expansion tube 4 to flush the bile duct.

[0035] Therefore, there is no need to frequently replace the expansion tube 4. The expansion mode of the expansion tube 4 is a linear change, the expansion is gentler, the expansion speed can be better controlled, and the speed of bile duct flushing by the doctor can be controlled.

[0036] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0037] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery, comprising a dilation tube (4) and a syringe (1), characterized in that: The expansion tube (4) further comprises branch tube walls (41), spiral air tubes (42) are provided between the branch tube walls (41), the spiral air tube (42) connects a plurality of branch tube walls (41) into a tube body, one end of the spiral air tube (42) is sealed in the branch tube wall (41), the other end of the spiral air tube (42) is connected to an outlet tube (45), a cone tube (43) and an interface (44) are sequentially provided on the outlet tube (45), a one-way air valve (3) is connected to the one-way air valve (3), a three-way pipe (2) is connected to the three-way pipe (2), a syringe (1) is connected to the syringe (1), and the syringe (1) is used to inflate the spiral air tube (42). When the spiral air tube (42) is inflated, the central diameter (d) of the spiral air tube (42) gradually increases, thereby expanding the plurality of branch tube walls (41) from the center to the outside.

2. The bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the branch pipe walls (41) is at least 4.

3. The bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral air pipe (42) is made of rubber.

4. The bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way air valve (3) comprises an air inlet (31) and an air outlet (32); the interface (44) is connected to an air outlet (32) of the one-way air valve (3); and the air inlet (31) of the one-way air valve (3) is connected to the three-way pipe (2).

5. The bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-way pipe (2) comprises a T-shaped pipe (24), the three ends of the T-shaped pipe (24) are respectively provided with a first connection end (21), a second connection end (22) and a third connection end (23), the second connection end (22) is connected to the air inlet (31) of the one-way air valve (3) connected to the interface (44), and the first connection end (21) is connected to the needle of the syringe (1).

6. The bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connection end three (23) is connected to the air outlet (32) of another one-way air valve (3).

7. The bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way air valve (3) further comprises a cavity (33), wherein a spring (34) having one end connected to the inside of the air outlet (32) is arranged inside the cavity (33), and the other end of the spring (34) is connected to a sealing end cover (35). When the spring (34) is in a natural state, the sealing end cover (35) is pressed into the inside of the air inlet (31), and the air inlet (31) and the air outlet (32) are not in communication. When the spring (34) is in a compressed state, the sealing end cover (35) is away from the air inlet (31), and the air inlet (31) and the air outlet (32) are in communication.

8. The bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The syringe (1) comprises a barrel (11) and a piston (12), wherein the piston (12) can slide inside the barrel (11) to inflate the spiral air tube (42).

9. The bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outside of the cylinder (11) is provided with scales.

10. The bile duct dilator for PTCD surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the dilation tube (4) is placed in the patient's body and expanded to the proper position, when the bile duct needs to be flushed, a speed limiting valve (5) is installed on the end of the dilation tube (4) exposed outside the patient's body, the speed limiting valve (5) comprising a liquid inlet (51) and a liquid outlet (52), the liquid inlet (51) being connected to a syringe (1) filled with flushing liquid, the liquid outlet (52) being connected to the dilation tube (4), and a wing-shaped obstacle (53) being arranged inside the speed limiting valve (5).

Images