Head and neck tumor radiotherapy protection device

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of head and neck tumor radiotherapy protection device, including the top of the extension table of one end of sickbed is equipped with headrest, the top of extension table is equipped with the headgear worn by patient, rectangular hole opened in the outer wall of headgear is detachably equipped with cover plate, one of rectangular hole is inserted with the protection cylinder for protecting radiotherapy site, face shield for protecting the face of patient is equipped on headgear;Neck protection assembly is arranged at the bottom end of headgear, for protecting the neck of patient;Fixing mechanism is arranged on extension table, for fixing extension table in the one end of sickbed, while fixing headgear on extension table;Limiting component is arranged on extension table, and it is used in cooperation with fixed mechanism, for stabilizing head in headgear, while fixing protection cylinder on headgear;The problem that the spacing between head cover and scalp exists in the existing head protection device is solved, not only can not fix head, but also in the process of treatment, it will be through the skin around the corner radiation, and the problem of poor protection effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of medical protection and relates to a protective device for head and neck tumor radiotherapy. Background Technology

[0002] Radiation therapy for tumors is a local treatment method that uses radiation to treat tumors. Approximately 70% of cancer patients require radiation therapy during their treatment, and about 40% of cancer patients can be cured through radiation therapy. Radiation therapy releases some harmful substances, thus requiring skin protection. However, existing protective devices use a cage-like headgear with multiple openings for radiation treatment. However, there is a gap between the headgear and the scalp, which not only fails to secure the head but also allows radiation to radiate at an angle to the surrounding skin during treatment, resulting in inadequate protection. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, in order to solve the problem that existing head protection devices have a gap between the headgear and the scalp, which not only makes it impossible to fix the head, but also causes radiation to the surrounding skin through the angle during treatment, resulting in poor protection, the present invention provides a head and neck tumor radiotherapy protection device.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A head and neck tumor radiotherapy protective device includes an extension platform detachably connected to one end of a hospital bed. The top of the extension platform is equipped with a headrest, and the top of the extension platform is equipped with a helmet for the patient to wear. The outer wall of the helmet has multiple rectangular holes for radiotherapy. A cover plate is detachably installed in the rectangular holes. A protective cylinder for protecting the radiotherapy site is inserted into one of the rectangular holes. The helmet is equipped with a face shield for protecting the patient's face.

[0006] A neck protection component, located at the bottom of the helmet, is used to protect the patient's neck.

[0007] A fixing mechanism, set on the extension platform, is used to fix the extension platform to one end of the hospital bed, and at the same time fix the helmet to the extension platform;

[0008] The limiting component, set on the extension platform and used in conjunction with the fixing mechanism, is used to stabilize the head inside the helmet while fixing the protective cylinder to the helmet.

[0009] Furthermore, the neck protection mechanism includes two rubber strips, with the same protective cloth sliding between the two rubber strips. One of the rubber strips is fixed to the bottom of the helmet, and the two ends of the rubber strip are inserted to form a ring, allowing the protective cloth to move in a ring. The top of the protective cloth has a through hole corresponding to the radiotherapy position. An extension cloth is fixed to one side of the rubber strip, and multiple support strips are fixed between the two rubber strips.

[0010] Furthermore, two first fixing blocks are fixedly provided at one end of the adhesive strip, and the top of the two first fixing blocks is rotatably provided with the same rotating shaft. A second fixing block is fixedly provided at the other end of the adhesive strip. A groove is provided on one side of the second fixing block, and the groove corresponds to the diameter of the rotating shaft. A rectangular opening corresponding to the second fixing block is provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft.

[0011] Furthermore, the fixing mechanism includes a rotating bar rotatably mounted at the bottom of the bed, two sliding blocks slidably mounted on the top of the extension platform, two sliding holes with sliding plates inside the sliding holes, the rotating bar located between the two sliding plates, wedges fixedly mounted on the sides of the two sliding plates that are close to each other, a second insertion hole corresponding to the two wedges on one side of the rotating bar, a bidirectional screw rotatably mounted on the top of the extension platform, and both sliding blocks threaded onto the bidirectional screw.

[0012] Furthermore, a support column is fixedly provided on the helmet, and a pin is fixedly provided on one side of one of the sliding blocks. A first insertion hole adapted to the pin is opened on one side of the support column for fixing the helmet to the extension platform.

[0013] Furthermore, the limiting mechanism includes a cavity opened on one side of another sliding block, a piston plate that cooperates with a pin is slidably installed in the cavity, a spring is installed in the cavity, and the two ends of the spring are fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the cavity and one side of the piston plate, respectively. A three-way connector that communicates with the cavity is fixedly installed through the top of the sliding block, and the other two ends of the three-way connector are connected to a first connecting pipe. Two first airbags are installed inside the helmet, and the other end of the first connecting pipe is connected to the corresponding first airbag. The head is fixed inside the helmet by the expansion of the first airbag.

[0014] Furthermore, nut blocks are fixed on both sides of the protective cylinder, and a first screw is threaded through one side of the nut block. One end of the first screw is equipped with a suction cup that adheres to the helmet, which is used to fix the protective cylinder to the helmet.

[0015] Furthermore, a rotating seat is fixedly provided on one side of the suction cup, and a universal ball is embedded on one side of the rotating seat. The universal ball is fixed at one end of the first screw.

[0016] Furthermore, a cylinder is fixedly installed on the top of the extension platform, and piston rods are slidably installed at both ends of the cylinder. An extension seat is fixedly installed on one side of the sliding block. One end of the piston rod is fixedly connected to the corresponding extension seat. A second connecting pipe is connected to both ends of the cylinder, and the other end of the second connecting pipe is connected to the corresponding suction cup, which is used to evacuate the air between the suction cup and the helmet.

[0017] Furthermore, a third connecting pipe is connected to the middle section of the cylinder, and a second airbag corresponding to the through hole is fixed at the bottom of the protective cloth. The other end of the third connecting pipe is connected to the second airbag to drive the second airbag to fit against the neck.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. The head and neck tumor radiotherapy protective device disclosed in this invention has multiple rectangular holes for radiotherapy on the helmet, and a cover plate and a protective cylinder are detachably provided inside. The protective cylinder can be used in conjunction with the cover plate, which can be easily adjusted according to the needs of radiotherapy, so as to effectively protect the non-radiation areas of the head. Moreover, the protective cylinder is flexibly fixed on the helmet by means of suction cups and universal balls, ensuring the stability of the head and the radiotherapy site during radiotherapy.

[0020] 2. The head and neck tumor radiotherapy protective device disclosed in this invention achieves a stable connection between the extension table and the bed and a stable fixation of the helmet on the extension table through structures such as rotating bars, sliding blocks, sliding plates, and wedges. At the same time, the expansion of the first airbag fixes the head inside the helmet, which can effectively fix the head and is convenient and quick to operate.

[0021] 3. The head and neck tumor radiotherapy protective device disclosed in this invention has a neck protection component that allows the protective cloth to move in a ring shape by sliding between two rubber strips to adapt to different patients' neck sizes. At the same time, the two ends of the rubber strips are connected in a ring shape by a rotating shaft and a rectangular opening, which facilitates adjustment and fixation. In addition, the second airbag can further fit the patient's neck and provide additional support and protection.

[0022] 4. The head and neck tumor radiotherapy protective device disclosed in this invention, through the extension table, helmet, neck protection components and fixing and limiting mechanism, achieves comprehensive, flexible and stable protection for the patient's head and neck. It not only facilitates the adjustment of the position of the radiotherapy port and protective cylinder according to the radiotherapy needs, but also ensures the stability of the head and radiotherapy site through technologies such as airbag inflation and suction cup fixation. At the same time, the sliding protective cloth and the second airbag provide close protection for the patient's neck, improving the comfort and safety of radiotherapy.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a head and neck tumor radiotherapy protective device according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the helmet structure of a head and neck tumor radiotherapy protective device according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram from another perspective;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the protective cylinder structure of a head and neck tumor radiotherapy protective device according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the protective cloth for a head and neck tumor radiotherapy protective device according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural diagram from another perspective;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the plug connection structure of a head and neck tumor radiotherapy protection device according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the connecting platform and the sliding block of a head and neck tumor radiotherapy protective device according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the sliding block of a head and neck tumor radiotherapy protection device according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the bed and the connecting platform of the head and neck tumor radiotherapy protective device of the present invention.

[0035] Reference numerals: 1. Hospital bed; 2. Extension table; 3. Helmet; 4. Face mask; 5. Rectangular hole; 6. Cover plate; 7. First airbag; 8. Protective cloth; 9. Through hole; 10. Headrest; 11. Protective cylinder; 12. Support column; 13. First insertion hole; 15. First connecting tube; 16. Nut block; 17. First screw; 18. Universal ball; 19. Rotating seat; 20. Suction cup; 21. Second connecting tube; 22. Second airbag; 23. Extension cloth; 24. Adhesive strip; 25. Support bar; 26. First fixing block; 27. Double-acting screw; 28. Rotating shaft; 29. ​​Rectangular opening; 30. Second fixing block; 31. Groove; 32. Sliding block; 33. Pin; 34. Third connecting pipe; 35. Cylinder; 36. Extension seat; 37. Piston rod; 38. Cavity; 39. Piston plate; 40. Spring; 41. T-joint; 42. Sliding hole; 43. Sliding plate; 44. Wedge; 45. Rotating bar; 46. Second insertion hole. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0037] like Figures 1-10 The diagram illustrates a radiation protection device for head and neck tumors, in which an extension table 2 is detachably connected to one end of a hospital bed 1. A headrest 10 and a helmet 3 are mounted on the top of the extension table 2. The helmet 3 has multiple rectangular holes 5 on its outer wall for radiation therapy, and each rectangular hole 5 has a detachable cover plate 6. For protection of specific radiation therapy sites, a protective cylinder 11 is inserted into one of the rectangular holes 5; the protective cylinder 11 and the cover plate 6 are interchangeable depending on the treatment area. Furthermore, the helmet 3 is equipped with a face shield 4 for protecting the patient's face.

[0038] At the bottom of the helmet 3, a neck protection component is provided. This component mainly consists of two adhesive strips 24, with a protective fabric 8 sliding between them. One adhesive strip 24 is fixed to the bottom of the helmet 3, and the two ends of the two adhesive strips 24 are interlocked to form a ring, allowing the protective fabric 8 to move in a ring shape. A through hole 9 is provided at the top of the protective fabric 8, corresponding to the radiotherapy position. At the same time, an extension fabric 23 is fixed to one side of the adhesive strip 24 to achieve full protection. Multiple support strips 25 are also fixed between the two adhesive strips 24 to provide necessary support for them.

[0039] Furthermore, two first fixing blocks 26 are fixedly provided at one end of the adhesive strip 24, and the top of the two first fixing blocks 26 is rotatably connected to the same rotating shaft 28. A second fixing block 30 is fixedly provided at the other end of the adhesive strip 24, and a groove 31 corresponding to the diameter of the rotating shaft 28 is provided on one side of the second fixing block 30. A rectangular opening 29 corresponding to the second fixing block 30 is also provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 28 to achieve an annular connection of the adhesive strip 24. When the rectangular opening 29 corresponds to the second fixing block 30, the second fixing block can be inserted between the two first fixing blocks 26; when the rectangular opening 29 is misaligned with the groove 31, the second fixing block 30 can be fixed.

[0040] To secure the extension platform 2 to the hospital bed 1 and the helmet 3 to the extension platform 2, a fixing mechanism is provided. This mechanism includes a rotating bar 45 rotatably mounted at the bottom of the hospital bed 1 and two sliding blocks 32 slidably mounted on the top of the extension platform 2. Two sliding holes 42 are also provided on the top of the extension platform 2, each containing a sliding plate 43. The rotating bar 45 is located between the two sliding plates 43, and wedges 44 are fixedly mounted on the adjacent sides of the two sliding plates 43. A second insertion hole 46 corresponding to the two wedges 44 is provided on one side of the rotating bar 45. Furthermore, a bidirectional screw 27 is rotatably mounted on the top of the extension platform 2, and the two sliding blocks 32 are threaded onto the bidirectional screw 27. By rotating the bidirectional screw 27, the two sliding blocks 32 can be driven to move simultaneously towards the center or sides, thereby moving the sliding plates 43 and wedges 44, enabling the wedges 44 to insert into the corresponding second insertion holes 46, thus securing the extension platform 2 to the hospital bed 1.

[0041] The helmet 3 is connected to the extension platform 2 via a support column 12. The support column 12 is fixedly mounted on the helmet 3, and a pin 33 is fixedly mounted on one side of a sliding block 32. A first insertion hole 13, which mates with the pin 33, is provided on one side of the support column 12. When the sliding block 32 moves to the appropriate position, the pin 33 can be inserted into the first insertion hole 13, thereby fixing the helmet 3 to the extension platform 2.

[0042] To ensure the head is stably fixed inside the helmet 3 and simultaneously secure the protective sleeve 11 to the helmet 3, a limiting mechanism is provided. This mechanism includes a cavity 38 opened on one side of another sliding block 32, within which a piston plate 39, which engages with a pin 33, is slidably mounted. A spring 40 is also provided within the cavity 38, with its two ends fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the cavity 38 and one side of the piston plate 39, respectively. A three-way connector 41, communicating with the cavity 38, is fixedly mounted through the top of the sliding block 32, with its other two ends connected to first connecting pipes 15. The helmet 3 contains two first airbags 7, with the other end of the first connecting pipe 15 communicating with the corresponding first airbag 7. When the piston plate 39 is moved under pressure, it compresses the spring 40 and pushes air from the cavity 38 through the first connecting pipe 15 into the first airbag 7, causing it to inflate and secure the head.

[0043] Nut blocks 16 are fixedly installed on both sides of the protective cylinder 11, and a first screw 17 is threaded through one side of the nut block 16. One end of the first screw 17 is provided with a suction cup 20 for adhering to the helmet 3, which is used to fix the protective cylinder 11 to the helmet 3. A rotating seat 19 is fixedly installed on one side of the suction cup 20, and a universal ball 18 is embedded on one side of the rotating seat 19. The universal ball 18 is fixed to one end of the first screw 17 to achieve flexible adjustment of the fixing angle.

[0044] To enhance stability, a cylinder 35 is fixedly mounted on the top of the extension platform 2. Piston rods 37 are slidably mounted at both ends of the cylinder 35, while an extension seat 36 is fixedly mounted on one side of the sliding block 32. One end of the piston rod 37 is fixedly connected to the corresponding extension seat 36. A second connecting pipe 21 is connected to both ends of the cylinder 35, and the other end of the second connecting pipe 21 is connected to the corresponding suction cup 20. When the piston rod 37 moves, it evacuates the air between the suction cup 20 and the helmet 3 through the second connecting pipe 21, further enhancing stability.

[0045] In addition, a third connecting pipe 34 is connected to the middle section of the cylinder 35. A second airbag 22 corresponding to the through hole 9 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the protective cloth 8, and the other end of the third connecting pipe 34 is connected to the second airbag 22. When the two piston rods 37 approach each other, they can squeeze the air out of the cylinder 35, and the squeezed air can enter the second airbag 22 through the third connecting pipe 34, causing it to inflate and fit against the patient's neck, providing additional neck protection.

[0046] When using this head and neck tumor radiotherapy protective device, the rotating bar 45 is turned so that it is parallel to the bed 1. Then the extension table 2 is moved to one end of the bed 1 and the rotating bar 45 is positioned between the two wedges 44. The patient then puts the helmet 3 on his head and pulls the two ends of the rubber strip 24 to align them, which can move the second fixing block 30 between the two extension seats 36. Then the rotating shaft 28 is rotated so that the rectangular opening 29 is misaligned with the groove 31, which can fix the second fixing block 30. At this time, the rubber strip 24 is in the shape of a ring.

[0047] The patient then lies on bed 1 with their head on extension table 2 until support column 12 touches the top of extension table 2. Medical staff observe the positions of the first insertion hole 13 and pin 33, aligning them. Simultaneously, according to the radiotherapy location, the corresponding cover plate 6 is removed, and the protective cylinder 11 is inserted into the corresponding rectangular hole 5, allowing suction cup 20 to adhere to helmet 3. The bidirectional screw 27 is then rotated, causing two sliding blocks 32 to move closer together. The movement of sliding blocks 32 moves pin 33, inserting it into the corresponding first insertion hole 13. When pin 33 contacts piston plate 39, it compresses the gas in cavity 38, allowing the gas to enter the corresponding first insertion hole 13 through tee connector 41 and first connecting pipe 15. Inside the airbag 7, the head can be fixed inside the helmet 3. As the sliding block 32 moves, it can drive the two piston rods 37 to move into the cylinder 35. During the movement, the air between the suction cup 20 and the helmet 3 can be extracted through the second connecting tube 21, so that the suction cup 20 is tightly attached to the helmet 3. Then, the first screw 17 is rotated. During the rotation of the first screw 17, it can drive the protective cylinder 11 to move into the helmet 3 until one end of the protective cylinder 11 can contact the scalp. At this time, the protection is completed. As the two sliding blocks 32 approach each other, they can drive the two sliding plates 43 to approach each other. During the approach, they can drive the two wedges 44 to be inserted into the second insertion hole 46, fixing the extension table 2 to one end of the hospital bed 1. Then, radiotherapy is performed through external equipment.

[0048] When radiotherapy is needed for the neck, the protective cloth 8 is pushed to move within the two adhesive strips 24. The movement of the protective cloth 8 can adjust the position of the through hole 9 until the through hole 9 corresponds to the radiotherapy position. As the two piston rods 37 move into the cylinder 35, they can squeeze out the gas in the cylinder 35. The gas enters the second airbag 22 through the third connecting pipe 34, causing the second airbag 22 to inflate. This allows the second airbag 22 to come into contact with the neck, and then the radiotherapy is performed.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A radiation protection device for head and neck tumors, characterized in that, The device includes an extension platform (2) that is detachably connected to one end of the hospital bed (1). The top of the extension platform (2) is provided with a headrest (10). The top of the extension platform (2) is provided with a helmet (3) for the patient to wear. The outer wall of the helmet (3) is provided with multiple rectangular holes (5) for radiotherapy. A cover plate (6) is detachably provided in the rectangular holes (5). A protective cylinder (11) for protecting the radiotherapy site is inserted into one of the rectangular holes (5). A face mask (4) for protecting the patient's face is provided on the helmet (3). A neck protection component is provided at the bottom of the helmet (3) for protecting the patient's neck; the neck protection mechanism includes two rubber strips (24), and the same protective cloth (8) is slidably provided between the two rubber strips (24), and a through hole (9) is provided at the top of the protective cloth (8). A fixing mechanism is provided on the extension platform (2) to fix the extension platform (2) to one end of the hospital bed (1) and to fix the helmet (3) on the extension platform (2); the fixing mechanism includes a rotating bar (45) rotatably provided at the bottom of the hospital bed (1), two sliding blocks (32) are slidably provided on the top of the extension platform (2), two sliding holes (42) are opened on the top of the extension platform (2), and sliding plates (43) are provided in the sliding holes (42). The rotating bar (45) is located between the two sliding plates (43), and the two sliding plates (43) are fixed on the side closest to each other. The device is provided with wedges (44), and a second insertion hole (46) corresponding to the two wedges (44) is opened on one side of the rotating bar (45). A double-acting screw (27) is rotatably provided on the top of the extension platform (2). The two sliding blocks (32) are threaded onto the double-acting screw (27). A support column (12) is fixed on the helmet (3). A pin (33) is fixed on one side of one of the sliding blocks (32). A first insertion hole (13) adapted to the pin (33) is opened on one side of the support column (12) for fixing the helmet (3) on the extension platform (2). A limiting component, mounted on the extension platform (2) and used in conjunction with the fixing mechanism, is used to stabilize the head inside the helmet (3) and fix the protective cylinder (11) to the helmet (3). The limiting component includes a cavity (38) opened on one side of another sliding block (32). A piston plate (39) that cooperates with a pin (33) is slidably disposed in the cavity (38). A spring (40) is disposed in the cavity (38). The two ends of the spring (40) are fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the cavity (38) and one side of the piston plate (39), respectively. The sliding block (32) The top of the helmet (3) is fixedly provided with a three-way connector (41) that communicates with the cavity (38). The other two ends of the three-way connector (41) are connected to a first connecting pipe (15). The helmet (3) is provided with two first airbags (7). The other end of the first connecting pipe (15) is connected to the corresponding first airbag (7). The expansion of the first airbag (7) is used to fix the head inside the helmet (3). Nut blocks (16) are fixedly provided on both sides of the protective cylinder (11). A first screw (17) is threaded through one side of the nut block (16). One end is provided with a suction cup (20) for adsorbing the helmet (3) to fix the protective cylinder (11) to the helmet (3); a rotating seat (19) is fixedly provided on one side of the suction cup (20), and a universal ball (18) is embedded on one side of the rotating seat (19), and the universal ball (18) is fixedly provided on one end of the first screw (17); a cylinder (35) is fixedly provided on the top of the extension platform (2), and piston rods (37) are slidably provided on both ends of the cylinder (35). An extension seat (36) is fixedly provided on one side of the sliding block (32), and one end of the piston rod (37) is connected to the side of the extension platform (2). The corresponding extension seat (36) is fixedly connected. Both ends of the cylinder (35) are connected to the second connecting pipe (21). The other end of the second connecting pipe (21) is connected to the corresponding suction cup (20) to evacuate the air between the suction cup (20) and the helmet (3). The middle section of the cylinder (35) is connected to the third connecting pipe (34). The bottom of the protective cloth (8) is fixedly provided with the second airbag (22) corresponding to the through hole (9). The other end of the third connecting pipe (34) is connected to the second airbag (22) to drive the second airbag (22) to fit against the neck.

2. The head and neck tumor radiotherapy protective device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, One of the adhesive strips (24) is fixed to the bottom of the helmet (3). The two ends of the adhesive strip (24) are inserted to form a ring, which allows the protective cloth (8) to move in a ring. The through hole (9) corresponds to the radiotherapy position. An extension cloth (23) is fixed on one side of the adhesive strip (24). Multiple support strips (25) are fixed between the two adhesive strips (24).

3. The head and neck tumor radiotherapy protective device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Two first fixing blocks (26) are fixedly provided at one end of the adhesive strip (24). The top of the two first fixing blocks (26) is rotatably provided with the same rotating shaft (28). A second fixing block (30) is fixedly provided at the other end of the adhesive strip (24). A groove (31) is provided on one side of the second fixing block (30). The groove (31) corresponds to the diameter of the rotating shaft (28). A rectangular opening (29) corresponding to the second fixing block (30) is provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (28).

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