Automatic grinding equipment for metal shaft

Abstract

The invention provides automatic grinding equipment for a metal shaft, and relates to the technical field of metal shaft grinding, the automatic grinding equipment comprises a fixing frame, a reciprocating mechanism is arranged at the top end of the fixing frame, a grinding mechanism is arranged at the bottom end of the reciprocating mechanism, and a driving assembly and a pushing and pressing mechanism are arranged on the portions, located on the two sides of the grinding mechanism, of the fixing frame correspondingly; the grinding mechanism comprises a coarse grinding structure and a fine grinding structure, the coarse grinding structure comprises a square frame, an air cylinder, limiting rods, a pair of arc-shaped clamping plates, a grinding groove and an opening, the limiting rods are connected to the two sides of the interior of the square frame in a penetrating mode correspondingly, one end of each limiting rod extends into the square frame, and the other end of each limiting rod extends into the grinding groove. The two arc-shaped clamping plates are arranged in the square frame and connected with one sides of the arc-shaped clamping plates respectively, grinding grooves are formed in the adjacent sides of the arc-shaped clamping plates respectively, air cylinders are installed on the two sides of the square frame respectively, and the output ends of the two air cylinders are connected with the outer walls of the arc-shaped clamping plates respectively.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metal shaft grinding, and in particular to an automatic grinding device for a metal shaft. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the national economy and the continuous advancement of science and technology, my country's mechanical field has achieved great development. The types of mechanical equipment and mechanical parts produced are increasing, the quality of the corresponding mechanical equipment and mechanical parts is getting better and better, and the corresponding users are also increasing. Shaft parts are a kind of mechanical parts. Shaft parts are mainly used for transmission parts in machinery, and play a very important role in the operation of machinery. Therefore, the production quality requirements of shaft parts are also very high. Special automatic grinding equipment will be used to grind the shaft parts during the production process, so that the surface of the shaft parts is smooth and flawless, so that the use effect of the shaft parts is better.

[0003] At present, when polishing and grinding the surface of shaft parts, machine tools are usually used for turning. However, this method requires manual movement and adjustment of the cutter head to complete the grinding of the shaft surface. In addition, a certain amount of waste chips will be generated during the processing, and these waste chips will splash under the high-speed rotation of the shaft parts, which can easily cause abrasion accidents and is not conducive to the safe production work in the workshop. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic grinding device for a metal shaft, which reduces the number of processes that require real-time operation by staff and solves the problem of safety accidents that are prone to occur during the grinding process by realizing automatic grinding operations.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is: An automatic grinding device for metal shafts comprises a fixed frame, a reciprocating mechanism is provided at the top of the fixed frame, a grinding mechanism is provided at the bottom of the reciprocating mechanism, a driving assembly and a pushing mechanism are provided on both sides of the grinding mechanism, a chip collecting assembly is provided at the bottom of the fixed frame, and the grinding mechanisms are respectively configured as a coarse grinding structure and a fine grinding structure.

[0006] In order to better implement the technical solution of the present invention, the following technical measures are also adopted.

[0007] Furthermore, the rough grinding structure includes a square frame, a cylinder, a limit rod, a pair of arc-shaped clamps, a grinding groove and an opening. The limit rods are respectively inserted into the two sides of the interior of the square frame, one end of the limit rod extends to the interior of the square frame and is respectively connected to one side of a pair of arc-shaped clamps, and grinding grooves are respectively opened on adjacent sides of a pair of arc-shaped clamps. Cylinders are respectively installed on both sides of the square frame, and the output ends of the two cylinders are respectively connected to the outer walls of the pair of arc-shaped clamps, and an opening is set at the bottom end of the square frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the fine grinding structure includes an outer cover, a notch, a driving motor, rollers and sandpaper belts. The inner sides of the outer cover are respectively rotatably connected to the rollers. The outer walls of the two rollers are covered with sandpaper belts and are connected through the sandpaper belts. The driving motor is installed on the outer wall of the outer cover. The output end of the driving motor is transmission-connected to one end of one of the rollers. Notches are respectively arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the outer cover.

[0009] Furthermore, the reciprocating mechanism includes a shell, a linear motor and a second hydraulic cylinder, the linear motor is installed at the bottom end of the shell, the second hydraulic cylinder is installed at the moving end of the linear motor, and the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder is connected to the top end of the grinding mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, the moving end of the linear motor is connected to a coolant pipe, and one end of the coolant pipe is flush with one side of the grinding mechanism.

[0011] Furthermore, the driving assembly includes a stepper motor, a worm, a worm wheel and a four-jaw chuck, the stepper motor is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the fixed frame, the output end of the stepper motor extends to the interior of the fixed frame and is transmission-connected to one end of the worm, the worm is rotationally connected to the interior of the fixed frame, the four-jaw chuck is rotationally connected to one side of the fixed frame, one end of the four-jaw chuck extends to the interior of the fixed frame and is connected to the worm wheel set, and the worm wheel and the worm are meshed with each other.

[0012] Furthermore, the pushing mechanism includes a square tube, a square rod, a first hydraulic cylinder and a push plate. The inside of the square tube is slidably connected to the square rod. One end of the square rod extends to the outside of the square tube and is rotatably connected to one side of the push plate. The push plate and the four-jaw chuck are on the same axial line. The first hydraulic cylinder is installed at one end of the square tube, and the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to one side of the square rod.

[0013] Furthermore, the chip collection component includes a collection pool, a filter, an inclined slope and a valve. The inner bottom end of the collection pool is provided with an inclined slope, the top end of the inclined slope is installed with a filter, and the filter is located inside the collection pool. The outer bottom end of the collection pool is connected to the valve.

[0014] A method for using an automatic grinding device for a metal shaft comprises the following steps: S1. Clamping the shaft: placing one end of the metal shaft to be polished inside the four-jaw chuck and locking it with the four-jaw chuck, and then starting the first hydraulic cylinder in the pushing mechanism so that the output end of the hydraulic cylinder pushes the square rod to slide inside the square tube until the push plate at one end of the square rod contacts the other end of the metal shaft to be polished, thereby completing the clamping of the metal shaft; S2, coarse and fine adjustment: according to the roughness of the outer wall of the metal shaft in step S1, select the coarse grinding structure or the fine grinding structure in the grinding mechanism, wherein the two cylinder output ends in the coarse grinding structure respectively push the two arc-shaped clamping plates so that the grinding grooves on the inner walls of the two arc-shaped clamping plates can contact the outer wall of the metal shaft, and the rough convex points on the outer wall of the metal shaft are removed; secondly, the output end of the driving motor in the fine grinding structure drives the roller to rotate, so that the two rollers cause the sandpaper belt to move, and the sandpaper belt is brought into contact with the outer wall of the metal shaft, thereby achieving fine grinding of the outer wall of the metal shaft; S3, calibrating the orientation: after completing the process of step S2, the second hydraulic cylinder is started to press the grinding mechanism at its output end, so that the metal shaft extends to the inside of the opening or the notch, and the rough grinding or fine grinding is completed accordingly, wherein the metal shaft in the rough grinding structure needs to pass through the opening and enter between the two arc-shaped clamping plates; the metal shaft in the fine grinding structure needs to be located inside the notch and squeeze the sandpaper belt so that the sandpaper belt is bent and deformed; S4, driving operation: by starting the stepper motor, the output end of the stepper motor drives the worm to rotate, and the worm and the worm wheel cooperate with each other, so that the worm wheel drives the four-jaw chuck to rotate synchronously with the worm, so that the metal shaft clamped in the four-jaw chuck rotates, and then the linear motor is started, so that the moving end of the linear motor drives the second hydraulic cylinder to move, and at the same time, the grinding mechanism on the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder moves to different ends of the metal shaft, so as to complete the comprehensive grinding process of the metal shaft; S5. Disassembly, assembly and replacement: After completing the metal shaft grinding in step S4, the metal shaft installation and assembly steps are disassembled from the equipment again, and then the next metal shaft is ground, wherein the coarse grinding structure and the fine grinding structure in the grinding mechanism are replaced so that the metal shafts in different conditions can be ground; secondly, the coarse grinding structure and the fine grinding structure are replaced without replacing the metal shaft, so that the coarse grinding structure and the fine grinding structure perform a combination of coarse and fine grinding on the metal in turn.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention uses a reciprocating mechanism, a grinding mechanism, a driving component, a pushing mechanism and a chip collecting component in coordination, so that the device can realize the function of automatically grinding metal shafts, effectively reduce the process of manual contact, and thus improve the safety of the use of the device, wherein the metal shaft is clamped by the driving component and the pushing mechanism, so that the metal can be separated from manual operation after the clamping and fixation are completed, and then the grinding mechanism is pressed down by the second hydraulic cylinder in the reciprocating mechanism so that the grinding mechanism can contact the metal shaft, and by replacing the different coarse grinding structures and fine grinding structures of the grinding mechanism, the coarse and fine grinding of the metal shaft can be completed, and the replacement method is carried out in the shutdown state, thereby reducing the occurrence of safety accidents and ensuring the safety of the use of the equipment.

[0016] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of an automated grinding device for a metal shaft disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a drive assembly of an automated grinding device for a metal shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the development of the pushing mechanism of the automatic grinding equipment for metal shafts disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a reciprocating mechanism of an automated grinding device for a metal shaft disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a first embodiment of an automated grinding device for a metal shaft disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the automatic grinding device for metal shafts disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the expanded chip collecting component of the automatic grinding device for metal shafts disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 A flowchart of a method for using the automatic grinding device for metal shafts disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Reference numerals: 100, fixed frame; 200, driving assembly; 2001, stepping motor; 2002, worm; 2003, worm wheel; 2004, four-jaw chuck; 300, pushing mechanism; 3001, square tube; 3002, square rod; 3003, first hydraulic cylinder; 3004, push plate; 400, reciprocating mechanism; 4001, housing; 4002, linear motor; 4003, second hydraulic cylinder; 500, grinding mechanism; 500101, square frame; 500102, cylinder; 500103, limit rod; 500104, arc clamp; 500105, grinding groove; 500106, opening; 500201, outer cover; 500202, notch; 500203, drive motor; 500204, roller; 500205, sandpaper belt; 600, chip collection component; 6001, collection tank; 6002, filter; 6003, inclined slope; 6004, valve; 700, coolant pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0019] See attached Figure 1 As shown, an automated grinding device for a metal shaft includes a fixed frame 100, a reciprocating mechanism 400 is provided at the top of the fixed frame 100, a grinding mechanism 500 is provided at the bottom of the reciprocating mechanism 400, a driving assembly 200 and a pushing mechanism 300 are provided on both sides of the grinding mechanism 500 of the fixed frame 100, a chip collecting assembly 600 is provided at the bottom of the fixed frame 100, and the grinding mechanism 500 is respectively configured as a coarse grinding structure and a fine grinding structure.

[0020] See attached Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention is also implemented through the following technical solutions.

[0021] Embodiment 1 As a preferred technical solution, the coarse grinding structure includes a square frame 500101, a cylinder 500102, a limiting rod 500103, a pair of arc-shaped clamping plates 500104, a grinding groove 500105 and an opening 500106. The limiting rods 500103 are respectively inserted into the two sides of the interior of the square frame 500101. One end of the limiting rod 500103 extends to the interior of the square frame 500101 and is respectively connected to one side of a pair of arc-shaped clamping plates 500104. Grinding grooves 500105 are respectively provided on adjacent sides of a pair of arc-shaped clamping plates 500104. Cylinders 500102 are respectively installed on both sides of the square frame 500101. The output ends of the two cylinders 500102 are respectively connected to the outer walls of a pair of arc-shaped clamping plates 500104. An opening 500106 is set at the bottom end of the square frame 500101.

[0022] Embodiment 2 As a preferred technical solution, the fine grinding structure includes an outer cover 500201, a notch 500202, a drive motor 500203, rollers 500204 and sandpaper belts 500205. The inner sides of the outer cover 500201 are respectively rotatably connected to the rollers 500204. The outer walls of the two rollers 500204 are covered with sandpaper belts 500205 and are connected by the sandpaper belts 500205. The drive motor 500203 is installed on the outer wall of the outer cover 500201. The output end of the drive motor 500203 is connected by transmission to one end of one of the rollers 500204. Notches 500202 are respectively arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the outer cover 500201.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution, the reciprocating mechanism 400 includes a housing 4001, a linear motor 4002 and a second hydraulic cylinder 4003. The linear motor 4002 is installed at the bottom end of the housing 4001, and the second hydraulic cylinder 4003 is installed at the moving end of the linear motor 4002. The output end of the second hydraulic cylinder 4003 is connected to the top end of the grinding mechanism 500. Through the installation and use of the second hydraulic cylinder 4003, it provides power for the lifting and lowering action of the grinding mechanism 500.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution, the moving end of the linear motor 4002 is connected to a coolant pipe 700, one end of which is flush with one side of the grinding mechanism 500. Through the connection and use of the coolant pipe 700, the device can be connected to the coolant supply device, and the positional relationship between the coolant pipe 700 and the grinding mechanism 500 is coordinated to facilitate the coolant to contact the grinding area of ​​the metal shaft, thereby achieving corresponding cooling.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution, the drive assembly 200 includes a stepper motor 2001, a worm 2002, a worm wheel 2003 and a four-jaw chuck 2004. The stepper motor 2001 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the fixed frame 100. The output end of the stepper motor 2001 extends to the inside of the fixed frame 100 and is transmission-connected to one end of the worm 2002. The worm 2002 is rotationally connected to the inside of the fixed frame 100. The four-jaw chuck 2004 is rotationally connected to one side of the fixed frame 100. One end of the four-jaw chuck 2004 extends to the fixed frame. 100, and is connected with the worm wheel 2003 set, the worm wheel 2003 and the worm 2002 are meshed with each other. The coordinated use of the worm 2002 and the worm wheel 2003 not only facilitates the transmission of the power output by the stepper motor 2001, so that the four-jaw chuck 2004 rotates, but also can utilize the self-locking characteristics between the worm 2002 and the worm wheel 2003 to offset the force generated by the sandpaper belt 500205 running in the reverse direction in the fine grinding structure, thereby helping to protect the load operation of the stepper motor 2001.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution, the pushing mechanism 300 includes a square tube 3001, a square rod 3002, a first hydraulic cylinder 3003 and a push plate 3004. The interior of the square tube 3001 is slidably connected to the square rod 3002. One end of the square rod 3002 extends to the outside of the square tube 3001 and is rotatably connected to one side of the push plate 3004. The push plate 3004 and the four-jaw chuck 2004 are on the same axis. The first hydraulic cylinder 3003 is installed at one end of the square tube 3001. The output end of the first hydraulic cylinder 3003 is connected to one side of the square rod 3002. The metal shaft between the drive assembly 200 and the pushing mechanism 300 is maintained on a horizontal line through the positional relationship that the push plate 3004 and the four-jaw chuck 2004 are on the same axis.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution, the chip collection component 600 includes a collection pool 6001, a filter screen 6002, an inclined slope 6003 and a valve 6004. The inclined slope 6003 is set at the bottom end of the inner part of the collection pool 6001, and the filter screen 6002 is installed on the top of the inclined slope 6003. The filter screen 6002 is located inside the collection pool 6001. The bottom end of the outer surface of the collection pool 6001 is connected to the valve 6004. Through the setting of the collection pool 6001, it can receive the coolant dripping during the grinding process, and through the setting of the inclined slope 6003, the coolant accumulated in the collection pool 6001 can be discharged through the valve 6004. At the same time, the installation and use of the filter screen 6002 is helpful to filter out the metal waste chips in the coolant.

[0028] Embodiment 3 See attached Figure 1-Figure 8 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for using an automatic grinding device for a metal shaft, comprising the following steps: S1. Clamping the shaft: placing one end of the metal shaft to be polished inside the four-jaw chuck 2004 and locking it with the four-jaw chuck 2004, and then starting the first hydraulic cylinder 3003 in the pushing mechanism 300 so that the output end thereof pushes the square rod 3002 to slide inside the square tube 3001 until the push plate 3004 at one end of the square rod 3002 contacts the other end of the metal shaft to be polished, thereby completing the clamping work of the metal shaft; S2, coarse and fine adjustment: according to the roughness of the outer wall of the metal shaft in step S1, the coarse grinding structure or the fine grinding structure in the grinding mechanism 500 is selected, wherein the output ends of the two cylinders 500102 in the coarse grinding structure respectively push the two arc-shaped clamping plates 500104, so that the grinding grooves 500105 on the inner walls of the two arc-shaped clamping plates 500104 can contact the outer wall of the metal shaft, and the rough convex points on the outer wall of the metal shaft are removed; secondly, the output end of the driving motor 500203 in the fine grinding structure drives the roller 500204 to rotate, so that the two rollers 500204 cause the sandpaper belt 500205 to move, and the sandpaper belt 500205 is brought into contact with the outer wall of the metal shaft, thereby achieving fine grinding of the outer wall of the metal shaft; S3, calibrating the orientation: after completing the process of step S2, the second hydraulic cylinder 4003 is started to make its output end press down the grinding mechanism 500, so that the metal shaft extends to the inside of the opening 500106 or the notch 500202, and the rough grinding or fine grinding is completed accordingly, wherein the metal shaft in the rough grinding structure needs to pass through the opening 500106 and enter between the two arc-shaped clamping plates 500104; the metal shaft in the fine grinding structure needs to be located inside the notch 500202 and squeeze the sandpaper belt 500205, so that the sandpaper belt 500205 is bent and deformed; S4, driving operation: by starting the stepper motor 2001, the output end thereof drives the worm 2002 to rotate, and by utilizing the mutual cooperation between the worm 2002 and the worm wheel 2003, the worm wheel 2003 drives the four-jaw chuck 2004 to rotate synchronously with the worm 2002, so as to cause the metal shaft clamped in the four-jaw chuck 2004 to rotate, and then by starting the linear motor 4002, the moving end of the linear motor 4002 drives the second hydraulic cylinder 4003 to move, and at the same time, causes the grinding mechanism 500 on the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder 4003 to move to different ends of the metal shaft, so as to complete a comprehensive grinding process on the metal shaft; S5. Disassembly and replacement: After completing the metal shaft grinding in step S4, the metal shaft installation and assembly steps are disassembled from the equipment again, and then the next metal shaft is ground, wherein the coarse grinding structure and the fine grinding structure in the grinding mechanism 500 are replaced so that the metal shafts in different conditions can be ground; secondly, the coarse grinding structure and the fine grinding structure are replaced without replacing the metal shaft, so that the coarse grinding structure and the fine grinding structure perform a combination of coarse and fine grinding on the metal in turn.

[0029] It should be noted that the specific models and specifications of the stepper motor 2001, the first hydraulic cylinder 3003, the linear motor 4002, the second hydraulic cylinder 4003, the cylinder 500102 and the drive motor 500203 need to be selected and determined according to the actual specifications of the device, and the specific selection calculation method adopts the existing technology in this field, so it will not be described in detail. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An automatic grinding device for metal shafts, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fixed frame (100), wherein a reciprocating mechanism (400) is provided at the top end of the fixed frame (100), a grinding mechanism (500) is provided at the bottom end of the reciprocating mechanism (400), a driving assembly (200) and a pushing mechanism (300) are provided on both sides of the grinding mechanism (500), a chip collecting assembly (600) is provided at the bottom end of the fixed frame (100), and the grinding mechanism (500) is respectively configured as a coarse grinding structure and a fine grinding structure.

2. The automatic grinding device for metal shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rough grinding structure comprises a square frame (500101), a cylinder (500102), a limiting rod (500103), a pair of arc-shaped clamping plates (500104), a grinding groove (500105) and an opening (500106). The limiting rods (500103) are respectively inserted and connected to the two sides of the interior of the square frame (500101). One end of the limiting rod (500103) extends into the interior of the frame (500101) and is respectively connected to the pair of arc-shaped clamping plates (500104). One side of the arc-shaped clamping plate (500104) is connected, and grinding grooves (500105) are respectively provided on adjacent sides of a pair of the arc-shaped clamping plates (500104), and cylinders (500102) are respectively installed on both sides of the square frame (500101), and the output ends of the two cylinders (500102) are respectively connected to the outer walls of the pair of arc-shaped clamping plates (500104), and an opening (500106) is provided at the bottom end of the square frame (500101).

3. The automatic grinding device for metal shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fine grinding structure comprises an outer cover (500201), a notch (500202), a driving motor (500203), a roller (500204) and a sandpaper belt (500205); the inner two sides of the outer cover (500201) are respectively rotatably connected to the rollers (500204); the outer walls of the two rollers (500204) are sleeved with sandpaper belts (500205) and are transmission connected via the sandpaper belts (500205); the outer wall of the outer cover (500201) is equipped with a driving motor (500203); the output end of the driving motor (500203) is transmission connected to one end of one of the rollers (500204); and the notches (500202) are respectively arranged on the outer walls of the outer cover (500201).

4. The automatic grinding device for metal shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reciprocating mechanism (400) comprises a housing (4001), a linear motor (4002) and a second hydraulic cylinder (4003); the linear motor (4002) is mounted at the bottom end of the housing (4001); the second hydraulic cylinder (4003) is mounted at the moving end of the linear motor (4002); and the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder (4003) is connected to the top end of the grinding mechanism (500).

5. The automatic grinding device for metal shafts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The moving end of the linear motor (4002) is connected to a coolant pipe (700), and one end of the coolant pipe (700) is flush with one side of the grinding mechanism (500).

6. The automatic grinding device for metal shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly (200) comprises a stepping motor (2001), a worm (2002), a worm wheel (2003) and a four-jaw chuck (2004); the stepping motor (2001) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the fixing frame (100); the output end of the stepping motor (2001) extends to the inside of the fixing frame (100) and is drivingly connected to one end of the worm (2002); the worm (2002) is rotationally connected to the inside of the fixing frame (100); the four-jaw chuck (2004) is rotationally connected to one side of the fixing frame (100); one end of the four-jaw chuck (2004) extends to the inside of the fixing frame (100) and is sleeve-connected to the worm wheel (2003); the worm wheel (2003) and the worm (2002) are meshed with each other.

7. The automatic grinding device for metal shafts according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pushing mechanism (300) comprises a square tube (3001), a square rod (3002), a first hydraulic cylinder (3003) and a push plate (3004); the interior of the square tube (3001) is slidably connected to the square rod (3002); one end of the square rod (3002) extends to the outside of the square tube (3001) and is rotatably connected to one side of the push plate (3004); the push plate (3004) and the four-jaw chuck (2004) are on the same axis; the first hydraulic cylinder (3003) is installed at one end of the square tube (3001); and the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder (3003) is connected to one side of the square rod (3002).

8. The automatic grinding device for metal shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chip collection component (600) comprises a collection pool (6001), a filter screen (6002), an inclined slope (6003) and a valve (6004); the inclined slope (6003) is arranged at the inner bottom end of the collection pool (6001); the filter screen (6002) is installed at the top end of the inclined slope (6003); the filter screen (6002) is located inside the collection pool (6001); and the outer bottom end of the collection pool (6001) is connected to the valve (6004).

9. A method for using the automatic grinding device for a metal shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Clamping the shaft: placing one end of the metal shaft to be polished inside the four-jaw chuck (2004), and locking it with the four-jaw chuck (2004), and then starting the first hydraulic cylinder (3003) in the pushing mechanism (300) so that the output end thereof pushes the square rod (3002) to slide inside the square tube (3001) until the push plate (3004) at one end of the square rod (3002) contacts the other end of the metal shaft to be polished, thereby completing the clamping work of the metal shaft; S2, coarse and fine adjustment: according to the roughness of the outer wall of the metal shaft in step S1, a coarse grinding structure or a fine grinding structure in the grinding mechanism (500) is selected, wherein the output ends of the two cylinders (500102) in the coarse grinding structure respectively push the two arc-shaped clamping plates (500104), so that the grinding grooves (500105) on the inner walls of the two arc-shaped clamping plates (500104) can contact the outer wall of the metal shaft, and the rough convex points on the outer wall of the metal shaft are removed; secondly, the output end of the driving motor (500203) in the fine grinding structure drives the roller (500204) to rotate, so that the two rollers (500204) cause the sandpaper belt (500205) to move, and the sandpaper belt (500205) is brought into contact with the outer wall of the metal shaft, thereby achieving fine grinding of the outer wall of the metal shaft; S3, calibrating the orientation: after completing the process of step S2, the second hydraulic cylinder (4003) is started so that its output end presses down the grinding mechanism (500), causing the metal shaft to extend to the inside of the opening (500106) or the notch (500202), and correspondingly completing the rough grinding or fine grinding, wherein the metal shaft in the rough grinding structure needs to pass through the opening (500106) and enter between the two arc-shaped clamping plates (500104); the metal shaft in the fine grinding structure needs to be located inside the notch (500202) and squeeze the sandpaper belt (500205), causing the sandpaper belt (500205) to bend and deform; S4, driving operation: by starting the stepper motor (2001), the output end of the stepper motor (2001) drives the worm (2002) to rotate, and by using the mutual cooperation between the worm (2002) and the worm wheel (2003), the worm wheel (2003) drives the four-jaw chuck (2004) to rotate synchronously with the worm (2002), so as to cause the metal shaft clamped in the four-jaw chuck (2004) to rotate, and then by starting the linear motor (4002), the moving end of the linear motor (4002) drives the second hydraulic cylinder (4003) to move, and at the same time, causes the grinding mechanism (500) on the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder (4003) to move to different ends of the metal shaft, thereby completing a comprehensive grinding process on the metal shaft; S5. Disassembly and replacement: After completing the metal shaft grinding in step S4, the metal shaft installation and assembly step is disassembled from the equipment again, and then the next metal shaft is ground, wherein the coarse grinding structure and the fine grinding structure in the grinding mechanism (500) are replaced so that the metal shafts in different conditions can be ground; secondly, the coarse grinding structure and the fine grinding structure are replaced without replacing the metal shaft, so that the coarse grinding structure and the fine grinding structure perform a coarse and fine grinding combination on the metal in turn.

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