High-speed steam explosion equipment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of steam explosion equipment, and particularly relates to high-speed steam explosion equipment which comprises an upper fixed tank body, a lower fixed tank body, a movable tank body capable of being ejected downwards at a high speed and a high-speed moving air cylinder, the upper fixed tank body and the lower fixed tank body are connected through a connecting piece, and a large-area steam injection opening is formed in an interval space; the lower fixed tank body is sleeved with the movable tank body, and a set gap is formed between the movable tank body and the outer wall of the lower fixed tank body; an upper sealing structure and a lower sealing structure are correspondingly formed between the upper end and the lower end of the movable tank body and the flange rings on the upper fixed tank body and the lower fixed tank body respectively, and the high-speed moving air cylinders are fixedly connected with the movable tank body, arranged along the circumference and used for pressing the movable tank body and achieving the high-speed opening function. The three-section type structure is adopted, the opening speed of the steam injection opening is high, the blasting strength is high, the blasting effect is good, meanwhile, the treatment capacity of equipment is large, material loading and unloading are convenient, the uniformity of treated materials is good, and the reliability of the equipment is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of steam explosion equipment, and in particular relates to high-speed steam explosion equipment. Background Art

[0002] Steam explosion is a technology that uses steam to instantly reduce the pressure to pre-treat biomass. The essence of the technology is to instantly release the steam molecules that have penetrated into the plant tissue, so that the internal energy of the steam is converted into mechanical energy and acts on the cell layers of the biomass tissue, thereby using less energy to decompose the raw materials according to the purpose.

[0003] The physical concept of explosion is: the energy is suddenly released in a short time. In chemical reactions, nuclear reactions and physical decompression processes, one of the characteristics of measuring their suddenness is to see whether there is a "bang" sound when the energy is released, that is, a shock wave is generated, and the reaction process is completed in milliseconds. Therefore, whether it is an explosion caused by explosives or pressure vessels, only when there is a sudden explosion sound and an explosion shock wave can it be considered a real explosion in the physical sense. In contrast, some decompression processes that rapidly reduce the pressure in the container by opening the quick release valve do not produce millisecond-level shock waves. The materials involved in the reaction are released in a balanced manner from high pressure to low pressure in a forward and backward order, so there will be no violent explosion sound. The decompression process is far from reducing all the materials in the container to normal pressure in milliseconds, and does not have the necessary conditions for explosion and steam explosion. These work processes take a long time and do not produce instantaneous high power, so they cannot achieve the expected physical and chemical effects of explosion. Therefore, the necessary attributes of steam explosion equipment should first meet the maximum limit of explosion (degassing) time. According to the steam explosion principle, in order to obtain the maximum explosion power under the same energy, the explosion (deflation) time needs to be close to zero. Therefore, under the same steam pressure and pressure maintenance time, different steam explosion equipment will produce different pretreatment effects due to their own different explosion (deflation) time.

[0004] It can be seen that in order to obtain a better blasting effect, the blasting (degassing) process needs to be completed in the shortest possible time. The speed of blasting (degassing) depends on the size of the steam jet and the speed of opening. If a conventional valve is used, the valve caliber is limited. At the same time, the larger the valve caliber, the longer the opening time. Therefore, the valve degassing method cannot achieve the purpose of blasting.

[0005] In response to the above problems, the Chinese invention patent application document with application publication number CN114045694A discloses a steam explosion cage, an ejection cage assembly and a steam explosion machine, wherein the steam explosion machine adopts the principle of steam ejection and is a piston-type steam explosion machine; the steam explosion machine includes an ejection cage assembly and an outer cylinder body, the ejection cage assembly includes a steam explosion cage body, a charging cover and a charging cage, the steam explosion cage body includes an upper end body, a lower bottom cover and a plurality of pulling columns, the charging cover is sealed and installed on the top of the steam explosion cage body through a charging cover seal, the top and bottom of the outer cylinder body are respectively provided with sealing members, and the steam explosion cage body is driven to move up and down in the outer cylinder body by the pulling explosion cylinder. When the above steam explosion machine is working, the upper cover is opened, the charging cage filled with materials is placed on the weight of the steam explosion cage body and the charging cage is placed in a suspended state, and then the upper cover is closed, and after the steam is pressurized to the set index, the pulling explosion cylinder is quickly pulled down to pull the steam explosion cage body out of the outer cylinder body. Since the side wall of the steam explosion cage is an open cage structure, the material is exposed to normal pressure and the explosion (deflation) process is completed. The opening degree of steam discharge depends on the stroke of the explosion cylinder, which is large enough. At the same time, there is an acceleration process when the cylinder is pulled down to explode, so a better explosion effect can be obtained. At present, this structure is the best among the known steam explosion equipment, and it is said to be able to achieve an explosion (deflation) speed of 0.0085 seconds.

[0006] However, the above structure also has obvious defects. First, the steam explosion cage and the charging cage filled with materials move as a whole. There are too many components in the moving part and the load is too large, so it is difficult to scale up the equipment. At the same time, if the charging volume is too large, the steam cannot penetrate, and the problem of uniform heating cannot be solved, which also leads to limited production capacity of the equipment. Since the charging cage needs to be used for loading, it is necessary to enter and exit from the upper part of the steam explosion cage, which has low production efficiency. The seal on the upper part of the steam explosion cage rubs against the outer cylinder at high speed, causing serious wear, which reduces the reliability of the equipment, increases the movement resistance of the steam explosion cage, and prolongs the activity time of the steam explosion cage. At the same time, the movement speed of the high-speed cylinder is only 3 meters per second. The steam explosion cage is pulled by an ordinary pulling explosion cylinder, and the running speed of this heavy cylinder is far less than 3 meters per second. When the ordinary cylinder is moving, the piston sealing structure and the piston rod sealing structure will bring friction resistance, hindering the steam explosion cage from running downward at high speed. At the same time, high-speed movement also affects the life of the sealing ring. The above problems affect the production and application of steam explosion equipment.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a steam explosion device with faster blasting speed, better reliability, higher production efficiency and simpler structure. Summary of the invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a high-speed steam explosion device to solve the technical problem that the use effect of traditional piston-type steam explosion devices is poor.

[0009] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a high-speed steam explosion device adopting the following technical solutions: A high-speed steam explosion device comprises an upper fixed tank body, a lower fixed tank body and a movable tank body capable of ejecting downward at high speed; the upper fixed tank body and the lower fixed tank body are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction and connected by a plurality of circumferentially distributed connecting pieces, and a steam injection port is formed in the interval space; The upper and lower ends of the movable tank body correspond to the flange rings on the upper fixed tank body and the lower fixed tank body to form an upper sealing structure and a lower sealing structure respectively. The inner side of the movable tank body has a downward force surface in the vertical direction under the action of steam pressure; the movable tank body is located outside the lower fixed tank body and can move in the up and down directions. The movable tank body seals the steam injection port through the upper sealing structure and the lower sealing structure, and opens the steam injection port at high speed when ejected downward at high speed.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the high-speed steam explosion equipment of the present invention adopts a three-stage structure. When the movable tank body moves upward, a pressure-resistant enclosed space can be formed between the upper fixed tank body, the lower fixed tank body and the movable tank body through the upper sealing structure and the lower sealing structure; when the movable tank body is ejected downward at high speed, the large-area steam injection port formed by the gap space between the upper fixed tank body and the lower fixed tank body can be opened at high speed, so that the steam in the above-mentioned enclosed space can be exploded to the outside, and the steam explosion process is realized. At the same time, the above-mentioned steam injection port can also be used as the inlet of materials, which is convenient for loading and unloading materials and improving production efficiency. Compared with the traditional piston steam explosion machine, in the process of implementing steam explosion, the present invention only needs the movable tank body to move, without other loads, and has a simple structure, which can realize large-scale equipment and higher equipment reliability; at the same time, the steam injection port can be opened at high speed, which increases the explosion speed, and the steam is released in a very short time to form a stronger shock wave, and the internal energy is converted into mechanical energy more thoroughly, the explosion intensity is significantly improved, and the explosion effect is better.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a plurality of high-speed motion cylinders evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the movable tank body, the high-speed motion cylinder includes a cylinder body, a cylinder head, a piston rod and a piston, the piston rod is fixedly connected to the lower end of the movable tank body, the cylinder body is connected to the lower fixed tank body, a piston sealing ring is provided on the piston, and a piston rod sealing ring is provided on the cylinder head; the interior of the cylinder body is a variable diameter structure, including a cylinder body adapter part whose diameter is matched with the piston sealing ring and a cylinder body resistance-free part whose diameter is larger than the piston sealing ring; the piston rod is a variable diameter structure, including an adapter rod section whose diameter is matched with the piston rod sealing ring and a resistance-free rod section whose diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the piston sealing ring; a buffer device is provided in the cylinder body or on the lower fixed tank body; when the high-speed motion cylinder is lifted into place, the adapter rod section is in sealing contact with the piston rod sealing ring and the piston sealing ring is in sealing contact with the cylinder body adapter part, and during the downward ejection of the movable tank body, the adapter rod section is out of contact with the piston rod sealing ring, the piston sealing ring is out of contact with the cylinder body adapter part and enters the resistance-free part of the cylinder body.

[0012] Beneficial effects: When the high-speed motion cylinder starts working, it can provide a thrust to lift the movable tank body upward to ensure the seal between the movable tank body and the upper fixed tank body and the lower fixed tank body; when the high-speed motion cylinder is ejected downward, compressed air is introduced into the upper end face of the piston. At this time, the pressure of the compressed air can be higher than the compressed air pressure during the upward lifting. At the same time, the upper and lower sealing structures are unsealed, and the cylinder body of the high-speed motion cylinder begins to deflate, so that the high-speed motion cylinder can move downward at a high speed. During the movement, the adapter rod section of the piston rod is disengaged from the piston rod sealing ring, and the piston sealing ring is disengaged from the adapter part of the cylinder body, so that the piston rod and the piston sealing ring have no friction resistance when moving downward, and then the movable tank body can be ejected downward at high speed under the action of its own gravity and steam pressure, thereby improving the steam explosion effect.

[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of lifting cylinders evenly distributed in a circle are provided at the bottom of the movable tank body. The lifting cylinders are installed on the lower fixed tank body. The piston rods of the lifting cylinders are used to contact the movable tank body to lift the movable tank body upward, and retract when lifted to a set position to break contact with the movable tank body.

[0014] Beneficial effect: The lifting cylinder can assist in realizing the lifting of the movable tank body. When the piston rod of the lifting cylinder lifts the movable tank body upward, it can drive the piston rod of the high-speed motion cylinder to extend upward until the piston rod of the high-speed motion cylinder is sealed with the piston rod sealing ring, and the piston sealing ring is sealed with the cylinder body. At this time, the high-speed motion cylinder supports the movable tank body, and then the lifting cylinder can be retreated, and only the high-speed motion cylinder supports the movable tank body to ensure the subsequent high-speed downward ejection of the movable tank body.

[0015] Furthermore, the lifting cylinders and the high-speed motion cylinders are alternately distributed in the circumferential direction of the movable tank body.

[0016] Beneficial effect: The force on the movable tank is more uniform, and it is more stable when ejected downward at high speed.

[0017] Furthermore, the upper sealing structure includes a circle of sealing grooves arranged on the flange ring of the upper fixed tank body, a tank body sealing ring installed in the sealing groove, and the top of the movable tank body is a convex structure, which is plugged into and fits with the sealing groove; the lower sealing structure includes a horizontal sealing surface arranged on the movable tank body, and the horizontal sealing surface presses the flange sealing ring of the lower fixed tank body under the action of the lifting cylinder. The horizontal sealing surface is coplanar with the force-bearing surface, and provides kinetic energy for the movable tank body to eject downward under the action of steam pressure.

[0018] Beneficial effects: The instantaneous thrust provided by the steam pressure is used to provide the initial kinetic energy for the movable tank body to eject downward at high speed, so that the movable tank body reaches high speed in a very short time, thereby shortening the blasting time. In addition, the upper sealing structure and the lower sealing structure are both vertical compression structures. When the movable tank body ejects downward, the upper and lower sealing surfaces can be quickly separated without friction resistance. At the same time, there is a gap between the movable tank body and the lower fixed tank body to ensure that there is no friction resistance between the tank bodies when ejecting downward, avoiding the wear problem of the sealing surface caused by high-speed friction in the prior art, and improving the working stability of the entire equipment.

[0019] Furthermore, the tank body sealing ring is an inflatable sealing ring.

[0020] Beneficial effect: By pressurizing the inflatable sealing ring, sealing at the upper sealing structure can be achieved, compensating for the poor sealing of the sealing surfaces of the upper sealing structure and the lower sealing structure due to machining accuracy errors or compression deformation of the sealing elements.

[0021] Furthermore, a steam explosion cavity is formed between the upper fixed tank body, the lower fixed tank body and the movable tank body, and a cylindrical fence is installed in the steam explosion cavity. The fence is in a grid shape to facilitate steam injection and limit the material to a set space.

[0022] Beneficial effect: The cylindrical fence can surround the material. During steam explosion, the fence will confine the material inside, avoiding excessive splashing of the material and ensuring that the material remains stable during steam explosion.

[0023] Furthermore, there is a set distance between the fence and the tank walls of the upper fixed tank body and the lower fixed tank body to form a steam exhaust channel.

[0024] Beneficial effects: A certain distance is left between the fence and the tank wall. On the one hand, it provides operating space for the installation, disassembly and maintenance of the fence. On the other hand, the steam discharge channel formed allows the steam to form a circular flow path around the material. Combined with the breathable mesh structure on the fence, it ensures that the steam penetrates the material in all directions and improves the heating uniformity. Furthermore, the steam discharge channel is the main channel for instantaneous steam discharge, ensuring that the high-pressure steam is quickly discharged through the gap during explosion to form a uniform shock wave.

[0025] Furthermore, a stirring device or a steam distribution device is provided in the steam explosion cavity.

[0026] Beneficial effects: It can achieve uniform steam penetration, quickly balance the internal and external pressures of the material, improve the efficiency of heating and pressurizing, and ensure the consistency of the internal and external materials.

[0027] Furthermore, a detachable wear-resistant bushing is installed on the portion of the connecting piece facing the material.

[0028] Beneficial effects: During the steam explosion process, small particles of impurities in the material will be ejected outward at high speed, causing wear on the connectors. The wear-resistant bushing can reduce the wear of the connectors and can be disassembled and replaced after long-term use, reducing maintenance costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the high-speed steam explosion equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the high-speed steam explosion device of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the coordination between the upper sealing structure, the lower sealing structure and the movable tank body; Figure 4 Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the steam release tree; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A top view of the middle fence; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the movable tank; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the lifting cylinder and the high-speed motion cylinder; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom bin cover and the mounting ring on the lower fixed tank body; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the high-speed steam explosion device of the present invention in a stable pressure state; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the high-speed steam explosion device of the present invention during steam explosion; Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the high-speed steam explosion device of the present invention when the cylinder is in a high-speed moving state in a pressure-stabilizing state; Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the high-speed steam explosion device of the present invention when the cylinder moves at high speed during steam explosion.

[0030] Description of reference numerals: 1. Upper fixed tank body; 11. Material inlet; 12. First steam inlet; 13. Upper flange ring; 131. Sealing groove; 2. Lower fixed tank body; 21. Lower flange ring; 22. Second steam inlet; 23. Mounting ring; 231. Stop protrusion; 232. Snap-fit ​​groove; 3. Movable tank body; 31. Horizontal sealing surface; 32. Sealing protrusion; 4. Steam injection port; 5. Bottom bin cover; 51. Plug-in protrusion; 52. Avoidance groove; 6. Steam release tree; 61. Steam main pipe; 62. Steam branch pipe; 7. Lifting cylinder; 8. High-speed motion cylinder; 81. Cylinder body; 811. Cylinder body adapter; 812. Cylinder body resistance-free part; 82. Piston; 83. Piston rod; 84. Buffer device; 85. Cylinder head; 9. Fence. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should know that the embodiments described below are part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The principle and spirit of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] Embodiments of the high-speed steam explosion equipment provided by the present invention: like Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, a high-speed steam explosion device includes an upper fixed tank body 1, a lower fixed tank body 2, a movable tank body 3, a lifting cylinder 7, a high-speed moving cylinder 8 and a fence 9; Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, a material inlet 11 is provided at the top of the upper fixed tank body 1, a first steam inlet 12 is provided at the side of the upper fixed tank body 1, an upper flange ring 13 is installed at the bottom of the upper fixed tank body 1, a sealing groove 131 is provided on the side of the upper flange ring 13 facing the lower fixed tank body 2, and a tank body sealing ring is installed in the sealing groove 131.

[0034] The outer diameter of the lower fixed tank body 2 is the same as that of the upper fixed tank body 1. A lower flange ring 21 corresponding to the upper flange ring 13 is installed on the top of the lower fixed tank body 2. The outer diameter of the lower flange ring 21 is smaller than the outer diameter of the upper flange ring 13. A second steam inlet 22 is installed on the side of the lower fixed tank body 2. A mounting ring 23 is coaxially mounted on the bottom of the lower fixed tank body 2. The bottom bin cover 5 is detachably connected to the mounting ring 23. Figure 8 As shown, a sealing gasket is installed on the inner ring surface of the mounting ring 23, and it also has a plurality of stop protrusions 231 evenly spaced around the circumference, and a snap-fit ​​groove 232 is formed between any two adjacent stop protrusions 231. A plug-in protrusion 51 corresponding to the stop protrusion 231 is provided on the top circumferential direction of the bottom bin cover 5, and an avoidance groove 52 for avoiding the stop protrusion 231 is formed between any two adjacent plug-in protrusions 51. During installation, the plug-in protrusions 51 are snapped into the mounting ring 23 from the corresponding snap-fit ​​grooves 232. After the plug-in protrusions 51 pass over the snap-fit ​​grooves 232, the bottom bin cover 5 is rotated to move the plug-in protrusions 51 above the corresponding stop protrusions 231. At this time, a seal is formed between the mounting ring 23 and the bottom bin cover 5 through the above-mentioned sealing gasket, and finally as shown in FIG. Figure 1 shown.

[0035] In this embodiment, Figure 2As shown, the upper fixed tank body 1 and the lower fixed tank body 2 are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction, and the two are connected by a plurality of circumferentially evenly distributed connecting pieces, and the connecting pieces are steel columns. In other embodiments, the connecting pieces may also be radially arranged connecting plates. The interval space between the upper fixed tank body 1 and the lower fixed tank body 2 forms a steam injection port 4. During the steam explosion process, impurities mixed in the material will be ejected outward from the steam injection port 4 at high speed, which will cause wear to the steel column. Therefore, a removable wear-resistant bushing is installed on the part of the steel column facing the material to increase the service life of the steel column. After long-term use, the wear-resistant bushing can be disassembled and replaced without removing the steel column.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the outer diameter of the movable tank body 3 is larger than the outer diameters of the upper fixed tank body 1 and the lower fixed tank body 2. The movable tank body 3 moves in the up and down directions and is located outside the lower fixed tank body 2. The upper and lower ends of the movable tank body 3 form an upper sealing structure and a lower sealing structure with the upper flange ring 13 and the lower flange ring 21 respectively. The movable tank body 3 can open or close the above-mentioned steam injection port 4 during the movement.

[0037] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the top of the movable tank body 3 is a convex structure with a sealing protrusion 32. The sealing protrusion 32 is plugged into the above-mentioned sealing groove 131, and the tank body sealing ring is sleeved outside the sealing protrusion 32 to form the above-mentioned upper sealing structure. The bottom of the movable tank body 3 is provided with a circle of annular flanges, so that the inner surface of the movable tank body 3 is an L-shaped structure. The upper surface of the annular flange forms a horizontal sealing surface 31. There is a certain gap between the edge of the horizontal sealing surface 31 and the outer wall of the lower fixed tank body 2. The horizontal sealing surface 31 is used to press the sealing ring on the lower flange ring 21 upward to form the above-mentioned lower sealing structure. In the actual processing process, the sealing surfaces of the upper sealing structure and the lower sealing structure will inevitably have certain processing errors. In order to compensate for the poor sealing problem caused by the above-mentioned processing accuracy error, the tank body sealing ring adopts an inflatable sealing ring. By pressurizing the inflatable sealing ring, the sealing at the upper sealing structure can be achieved. The part of the inner side of the movable tank body 3 that contacts the steam has a downward lower force-bearing surface in the vertical direction, and the force-bearing surface is coplanar with the above-mentioned horizontal sealing surface 31, and the steam pressure is used to provide the movable tank body 3 with initial kinetic energy for downward ejection. Of course, in other embodiments, the top of the movable tank body 3 can also adopt an L-shaped structure. In this case, the part of the inner top of the movable tank body 3 that contacts the steam has an upward upper force-bearing surface in the vertical direction. The inner bottom of the movable tank body 3 can also adopt an irregular shape. In this case, the horizontal sealing surface 31 is not coplanar with the lower force-bearing surface. It is sufficient to ensure that the area of ​​the lower force-bearing surface is greater than the area of ​​the upper force-bearing surface. In this case, the steam pressure difference is used to provide the movable tank body 3 with initial kinetic energy for downward ejection.

[0038] When the movable tank body 3 and the upper fixed tank body 1 and the lower fixed tank body 2 are in a sealed state, the three together form a steam explosion cavity, in which a cylindrical fence 9 is fixed by a bracket. Figure 5 and Figure 2 As shown, the bottom of the fence 9 extends into the lower fixed tank 2. The fence 9 is made of steel structure, in a grid shape, and is opposite to the material inlet 11. The fence 9 is used to place the material and surround the material. The fence 9 is provided with air-permeable mesh holes, which can allow steam to pass through and prevent excessive splashing of the material during blasting.

[0039] When the fence 9 is placed, it keeps a certain distance from the tank wall of the upper fixed tank body 1 and the lower fixed tank body 2, and serves as a steam discharge channel, which is connected to the steam injection port 4. In order to ensure uniform heating, a steam distribution device is installed in the fence 9, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the steam distribution device adopts a common steam release tree 6 in the prior art, such as Figure 4 As shown, it includes a steam main pipe 61 and a plurality of steam branch pipe groups connected to the steam main pipe 61 and arranged at equal intervals in the upper and lower parts. Each steam branch pipe group includes a plurality of steam branch pipes 62 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the steam main pipe 61 and connected to the steam main pipe 61. The steam main pipe 61 is connected to the second steam inlet 22 through a built-in steam pipe. When steam is introduced into the steam explosion chamber through the first steam inlet 12 and the second steam inlet 22, it can ensure that the pressure inside and outside the material quickly reaches equilibrium, improve the efficiency of heating and pressurization, and ensure the consistency of the internal and external materials. Of course, in other embodiments, a stirring device can also be provided in the steam explosion chamber, and by stirring the material, the steam can evenly contact the material and evenly heat the material.

[0040] like Figure 7 As shown, the lifting cylinder 7 and the high-speed motion cylinder 8 are both fixed on the mounting ring 23 at the bottom of the lower fixed tank body 2, and multiple lifting cylinders 7 and high-speed motion cylinders 8 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the movable tank body 3 and arranged alternately. Among them, the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 7 contacts the bottom support of the movable tank body 3, but is not connected to the movable tank body 3, and is used to drive the movable tank body 3 to rise; while the piston rod 83 of the high-speed motion cylinder 8 is connected to the movable tank body 3 and moves synchronously with the movable tank body 3.

[0041] like Fig.11 and Fig.12As shown, a piston seal ring is provided on the piston 82 of the high-speed motion cylinder 8, and a piston rod seal ring is provided on the cylinder head 85 of the high-speed motion cylinder 8. The interior of the cylinder body 81 of the high-speed motion cylinder 8 is a variable diameter structure, which is irregular in shape, including a cylinder body adapter portion 811 whose diameter is adapted to the above-mentioned piston seal ring and a cylinder body resistance-free portion 812 whose diameter is larger than the piston seal ring. The piston rod 83 is also a variable diameter structure, including an adapter rod section whose diameter is adapted to the piston rod seal ring and a resistance-free rod section whose diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the piston seal ring. In this embodiment, the piston rod 83 is a round rod, and its diameter gradually increases from top to bottom. When the piston rod 83 is in a supporting state, the piston seal ring is located in the cylinder body adapter portion 811 and is in sealing contact with the cylinder body 81, and the adapter rod section of the piston rod 83 is in contact with the piston rod seal ring to form a sealing area. At this time, the portion of the piston rod 83 that is in sealing contact with the piston rod seal ring and the portion below it are all the adapter rod section of the piston rod 83, and the portion of the piston rod 83 that is above the portion that is in sealing contact with the piston rod seal ring is all the resistance-free rod section of the piston rod 83. Of course, in other embodiments, the piston rod 83 may also adopt an irregular shape, in which case only the portion of the piston rod 83 that is in sealing contact with the piston rod seal ring forms the adapter rod section of the piston rod 83.

[0042] Under the action of the compressed air at the lower part of the high-speed motion cylinder 8, the piston rod 83 supports the movable tank body 3. At this time, the cylinder body's non-resistance portion 812 does not contact the piston seal ring, and the non-resistance rod section does not contact the piston rod seal ring. When the movable tank body 3 is ejected downward, under the combined action of the compressed air at the upper part of the high-speed motion cylinder 8 and the steam pressure on the lower sealing surface, the adapter rod section is separated from the piston rod seal ring, and the piston seal ring is pushed out of the sealing area. After the piston seal ring is separated from the sealing area, it enters the cylinder body's non-resistance portion 812, does not contact the inner wall of the cylinder body 81, and has no friction resistance. Under the dual action of its own gravity and steam pressure, the movable tank body 3 runs downward at high speed.

[0043] In order to avoid the movable tank body 3 from impacting downward at high speed, a buffer device 84 is also provided. The buffer device 84 is a prior art. In the present embodiment, it is arranged in the cylinder body 81 of the high-speed motion cylinder 8. When the end face of the piston 82 of the high-speed motion cylinder 8 moves downward to an appropriate position, it contacts the buffer device 84 and stops the movable tank body 3. In practice, the buffer device 84 can be a raised stopper provided at the bottom of the cylinder body 81, and a high-temperature resistant rubber or polyurethane buffer pad is installed on the piston 82. When the piston 82 touches, the buffer pad absorbs the impact energy. Alternatively, a spring buffer is installed at the bottom of the cylinder body 81 or on the piston 82. When the piston 82 touches the bottom, the spring is compressed to buffer the impact force. Of course, the buffer device 84 can also be arranged outside the high-speed motion cylinder 8, such as being arranged on the mounting ring 23 at the bottom of the lower fixed tank body 2, and a hydraulic buffer is used to decelerate the movable tank body 3.

[0044] The working process of the high-speed steam explosion device of the present invention is as follows: first, the movable tank body 3 is lifted upward by the lifting cylinder 7, and the piston seal ring moves to the cylinder body adapter 811, such as Fig.11 As shown, the high-speed motion cylinder 8 starts to work, providing an upward thrust for the movable tank body 3, so that the upper and lower ends of the movable tank body 3 are respectively in a sealed state with the upper fixed tank body 1 and the lower fixed tank body 2, and the lifting cylinder 7 returns to the contracted state from the lifting state to avoid affecting the high-speed downward movement of the movable tank body 3; then, the material is added to the steam explosion cavity through the material inlet 11, and the material inlet 11 is closed after the material is added, so that the steam explosion cavity is in a closed state; at this time, steam is introduced into the steam explosion cavity through the first steam inlet 12 and the second steam inlet 22, so that the steam fully penetrates into the material. Fig. 9 As shown, when a certain pressure holding time is reached, the high-speed motion cylinder 8 starts to eject downward and open, and compressed air is introduced into the upper end surface of the piston 82 of the high-speed motion cylinder 8. At this time, the pressure of the compressed air can be higher than the compressed air pressure during upward lifting. At the same time, the inflation seal ring releases pressure, and the cylinder body 81 of the high-speed motion cylinder 8 starts to deflate with a large-caliber electromagnetic valve. Under the combined effect of the deadweight of the movable tank body 3, the cylinder thrust and the steam pressure, the movable tank body 3 ejects downward at high speed, and the steam injection port 4 is opened at high speed, as shown in FIG. Fig.10 As shown, the steam explosion process is realized. It should be noted that in actual work, Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The bottom bin cover 5 is installed at the bottom of the lower fixed tank 2. When moving to the set position, the built-in buffer device 84 of the high-speed motion cylinder 8 is used to slow down and brake. The meaning of high-speed ejection in the field of steam explosion machines specifically refers to the core technology of realizing millisecond-level steam release by using the principle of mechanical ejection.

[0045] During the steam explosion process, since the horizontal sealing surface 31 and the sealing protrusion 32 move downward and do not contact the upper fixed tank body 1 and the lower fixed tank body 2, the sealing surfaces of the upper sealing structure and the lower sealing structure have no resistance when the movable tank body 3 is ejected downward, and the problem of high-speed friction and easy wear of the sealing ring in the traditional piston steam explosion machine will not occur. In addition, Fig.12 As shown, the piston rod 83 of the high-speed motion cylinder 8 moves downward together with the movable tank body 3. When the piston rod 83 moves downward, it does not have frictional contact with the piston rod sealing ring, and when the piston sealing ring moves in the resistance-free portion 812 of the cylinder body, it does not have frictional contact with the inner wall of the cylinder body 81. There is no frictional resistance, which accelerates the ejection speed of the movable tank body 3.

[0046] The high-speed steam explosion equipment of the present invention adopts a three-stage structure, which increases the opening area of ​​the steam injection, has a fast opening speed, high explosion strength and good explosion effect. At the same time, the high-speed steam explosion equipment has a large processing capacity, can realize the large-scale equipment, can be fed from the top, the bottom bin cover 5 can be fully opened, and the material can be unloaded quickly, the material loading and unloading efficiency is greatly improved, the processed material uniformity is good, and the equipment reliability is high.

[0047] It should be noted that the lifting of the high-speed motion cylinder 8 is not limited to the form driven by the lifting cylinder 7 in the above embodiment. In actual use, lifting auxiliary equipment can also be used to achieve the lifting of the high-speed motion cylinder 8.

[0048] It should be noted that the high-speed motion cylinder 8 in the present invention realizes high-speed downward motion of the piston rod 83 only when the movable tank body 3 is ejected downward at high speed.

[0049] In other embodiments, if the particle size of the material is relatively large, no fence may be provided, and the material may be loaded from the steam injection port instead of being loaded through the material inlet.

[0050] In other embodiments, when the sealing surfaces of the upper sealing structure and the lower sealing structure are processed with high precision, the tank body sealing ring may adopt a conventional O-ring.

[0051] In other embodiments, the pressure bearing area of ​​the lower sealing structure may also be equal to the pressure bearing area of ​​the upper sealing structure. In this case, the movable tank body can be ejected at high speed only by its own gravity. Even so, this scheme is faster than the traditional piston steam explosion machine in which the steam explosion cage moves together with the charging cage, and the steam explosion effect is better.

[0052] In addition, in the description of this specification, “plurality” means at least two, for example, two, three or more, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0053] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed steam explosion device, characterized in that: It includes an upper fixed tank body, a lower fixed tank body and a movable tank body capable of ejecting downward at high speed; The upper fixed tank body and the lower fixed tank body are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction and connected by a plurality of circumferentially distributed connecting pieces, and a steam injection port is formed in the interval space; The upper and lower ends of the movable tank body correspond to the flange rings on the upper fixed tank body and the lower fixed tank body to form an upper sealing structure and a lower sealing structure, and the inner side of the movable tank body has a downward force surface in the vertical direction under the action of steam pressure; The movable tank body is located outside the lower fixed tank body and can move in the up and down directions. The movable tank body seals the steam injection port through the upper sealing structure and the lower sealing structure, and opens the steam injection port at high speed when ejected downward at high speed.

2. A high-speed steam explosion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-speed motion cylinders are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction around the movable tank body, the high-speed motion cylinders include a cylinder body, a cylinder head, a piston rod and a piston, the piston rod is fixedly connected to the lower end of the movable tank body, the cylinder body is fixed along the circumference of the lower fixed tank body, a piston sealing ring is provided on the piston, and a piston rod sealing ring is provided on the cylinder head; the interior of the cylinder body is a variable diameter structure, including a cylinder body adapter portion whose diameter is matched with the piston sealing ring and a cylinder body resistance-free portion whose diameter is larger than the piston sealing ring; the piston rod is a variable diameter structure, including an adapter rod section whose diameter is matched with the piston rod sealing ring and a resistance-free rod section whose diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the piston sealing ring; a buffer device is provided in the cylinder body or on the lower fixed tank body; when the high-speed motion cylinder is lifted into place, the adapter rod section is in sealing contact with the piston rod sealing ring and the piston sealing ring is in sealing contact with the cylinder body adapter portion, and during the downward ejection of the movable tank body, the adapter rod section is out of contact with the piston rod sealing ring, the piston sealing ring is out of contact with the cylinder body adapter portion and enters the resistance-free portion of the cylinder body.

3. A high-speed steam explosion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the movable tank body is also provided with a plurality of lifting cylinders evenly distributed in a circle, which are fixed on the lower fixed tank body. The piston rods of the lifting cylinders are used to contact the movable tank body to lift the movable tank body upward, and retract when lifted to a set position to break contact with the movable tank body.

4. A high-speed steam explosion device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lifting cylinders and the high-speed motion cylinders are alternately distributed in the circumferential direction of the movable tank body.

5. A high-speed steam explosion device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The upper sealing structure includes a sealing groove of a flange ring arranged on an upper fixed tank body, a tank body sealing ring installed in the sealing groove, and the top of the movable tank body is a convex structure, which is plugged into and matched with the sealing groove; the lower sealing structure includes a horizontal sealing surface arranged on the movable tank body, and the horizontal sealing surface presses the flange sealing ring of the lower fixed tank body under the action of the lifting cylinder. The horizontal sealing surface is coplanar with the force-bearing surface, and provides kinetic energy for the movable tank body to eject downward under the action of steam pressure.

6. A high-speed steam explosion device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tank body sealing ring is an inflatable sealing ring.

7. A high-speed steam explosion device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A steam explosion cavity is formed between the upper fixed tank body, the lower fixed tank body and the movable tank body. A cylindrical fence is installed in the steam explosion cavity. The fence is in a grid shape to facilitate steam injection and limit materials to a set space.

8. A high-speed steam explosion device according to claim 7, characterized in that: There is a set distance between the fence and the tank walls of the upper fixed tank body and the lower fixed tank body to form a steam discharge channel.

9. A high-speed steam explosion device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A stirring device or a steam distribution device is arranged in the steam explosion cavity.

10. A high-speed steam explosion device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A detachable wear-resistant bushing is installed on the part of the connecting piece facing the material.

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