Earth cutting device and earth cutting method for narrow operation foundation pit

Abstract

The invention discloses an earth cutting device and method for a narrow operation foundation pit, and belongs to the technical field of excavating. The earth cutting device comprises a hydraulic telescopic arm, a seat tube of the hydraulic telescopic arm is rotatably arranged at the tail end of a small arm of an excavator, a foundation earth cutting bucket is installed on a foundation installation seat, and the foundation installation seat is installed on a telescopic hydraulic arm; the foundation installation base is detachably fixed with the adjustable installation base, the adjustable installation base is provided with the adjustable earth cutting bucket, and when the foundation installation base is vertically and downwards excavated, the adjustable earth cutting bucket is arranged on the adjustable installation base, so that the adjustable earth cutting bucket can be used for cutting earth along the vertical and downward moving track. Through cooperation of the adjustable earth cutting bucket and the basic earth cutting bucket, the earth cutting amount can be increased, when other directions are excavated, the adjustable mounting base can be detached, the flexibility of excavation work is improved, additional earth cutting buckets can be additionally installed on the basic earth cutting bucket and the adjustable earth cutting bucket, and when soil is easy to excavate, the earth cutting amount can be increased by additionally installing the additional earth cutting buckets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of excavation, and in particular to an excavation device and an excavation method for a narrow working foundation pit. Background Art

[0002] The foundation pit is a soil pit excavated at the foundation design location according to the base elevation and foundation plane dimensions. In the prior art, the foundation pit is excavated by using a muck truck in conjunction with an excavator, and the method of loading as the excavation progresses is adopted to avoid the surrounding loads affecting the safety of the foundation pit. Although the excavators in the prior art can meet the excavation needs to a certain extent, their flexibility and efficiency are often greatly limited in a narrow working surface.

[0003] The excavator bucket of the prior art excavator is usually installed at the end of the forearm, and its excavation angle and range are relatively limited, which makes it difficult to adapt to the complex requirements of a narrow working surface, especially in the vertical excavation operation, and the excavation efficiency is low.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design an excavation device that can adapt to a narrow working surface, has high flexibility, and has higher excavation efficiency in the vertical direction. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an excavation device and an excavation method for a narrow working foundation pit, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an excavation device and an excavation method for a narrow working foundation pit, comprising a hydraulic telescopic arm, a seat tube of the hydraulic telescopic arm being rotatably arranged at the end of the forearm of an excavator, one end of an adjusting hydraulic cylinder being rotatably arranged on the seat tube of the hydraulic telescopic arm, the other end of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder being rotatably arranged on the forearm of the excavator, and a foundation mounting seat being fixed to the end of the moving tube of the hydraulic telescopic arm; A basic digging bucket is rotatably arranged on the basic mounting seat, and the bottom and side surfaces of the basic digging bucket both have side walls, one end of a basic hydraulic cylinder is rotatably arranged on the basic digging bucket, and the other end of the basic hydraulic cylinder is rotatably arranged on the basic mounting seat, an adjustable mounting seat is detachably fixed on the basic mounting seat, an adjustable digging bucket is rotatably arranged on the adjustable mounting seat, one end of an adjustable hydraulic cylinder is rotatably arranged on the adjustable digging bucket, the bottom and side surfaces of the adjustable digging bucket both have side walls, and the other end of the adjustable hydraulic cylinder is rotatably arranged on the adjustable mounting seat, and the openings of the adjustable digging bucket and the basic digging bucket can be closed; An additional digging bucket is detachably fixed on the basic digging bucket, and an additional digging bucket is also detachably fixed on the adjustable digging bucket.

[0007] Preferably, a forward and reverse threaded screw is rotatably arranged on the basic mounting seat, a left clamp and a right clamp are threadedly connected to the forward and reverse threaded screw, the left clamp and the right clamp are slidably arranged on the guide shaft, a left pad and a right pad are fixed on the adjustable mounting seat, the left clamp can press the left pad, the right clamp can press the right pad, and a rotating handle is coaxially fixed to one end of the forward and reverse threaded screw.

[0008] Preferably, an anti-loosening hole is provided on the left pad block, and an anti-loosening hole is also provided on the right pad block. The diameter of the anti-loosening hole is D1, and the distance between the two anti-loosening holes is S, and the value of S is between D1-4D1. An anti-loosening bracket is fixed on the base mounting seat, and two anti-loosening pins are slidably provided on the anti-loosening bracket. The diameter of the anti-loosening pins is D2, and the value of D2 is between 0.5D1-0.8D1. The anti-loosening pins can float in the anti-loosening bracket, one anti-loosening pin can be inserted into the anti-loosening hole of the left clamp, and the other anti-loosening pin can be inserted into the anti-loosening hole of the right clamp. One end of each anti-loosening pin is spherical, and the other end is connected to a driving mechanism.

[0009] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a slider, which is slidably set on the optical axis, the optical axis is fixed in an anti-loosening bracket, the slider is threadedly connected to the driving screw, the driving screw is rotatably set in the anti-loosening bracket, one end of the A connecting rod is rotatably set on the slider, the other end of the A connecting rod is rotatably set on one end of the B connecting rod, the other end of the B connecting rod is rotatably set on one end of the C connecting rod, and the other end of the C connecting rod is rotatably set on the anti-loosening pin.

[0010] Preferably, an input pulley is coaxially fixed on the forward and reverse threaded screws, an output pulley is coaxially fixed on the driving screw, and the input pulley is connected to the output pulley via a belt.

[0011] Preferably, a locking structure is fixed on the side wall of the basic digging bucket, and a locking structure is also fixed on the side wall of the adjustable digging bucket. A mounting protrusion is fixed on the side of the additional digging bucket, and the mounting protrusion can be connected and locked with the locking structure. The additional digging bucket can be installed on both sides of the basic digging bucket and the adjustable digging bucket through the locking structure.

[0012] Preferably, the locking structure includes a mounting hole, which is provided on the side wall, and the mounting protrusion can be inserted from the mounting hole. A mounting bracket is fixed on the side wall above the mounting hole, and a locking block is provided on the mounting bracket for lifting. A locking hole is provided on the mounting protrusion, and the locking block can be inserted into the locking hole.

[0013] Preferably, a straight groove is provided on the locking block, a roller is slidably arranged in the straight groove, the roller is rotatably arranged on the rocker arm, and the rocker arm is rotatably arranged on the side wall. When the locking block is in the upper limit position, the rocker arm is perpendicular to the straight groove, and an unlocking handle is fixed on the locking block.

[0014] Preferably, a trigger block is slidably provided on the side wall on one side of the mounting hole, an inclined surface is provided at one end of the trigger block, the inclined surface can contact the mounting protrusion, a friction plate is fixed on the trigger block, a gear is fixed to the rotating end of the rocker arm, a rack is meshingly connected with the gears, the rack is slidably provided on the side wall, a friction plate is fixed at one end of the rack, the friction plate of the rack can contact the friction plate of the trigger block, and a reset handle is fixed on the trigger block.

[0015] Another aspect of the present invention provides an excavation method using an excavation device in a narrow working pit, comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare to install the hydraulic telescopic arm and the adjusting hydraulic cylinder on the excavator arm; S2, preliminary excavation, using the basic excavator bucket and the adjustable excavator bucket to excavate in the vertical direction; S3. Trim: remove the adjustable mounting base and the adjustable digging bucket, and use the basic digging bucket to trim other directions of the foundation pit.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the basic excavating bucket is mounted on the basic mounting seat, and the basic mounting seat is mounted on the telescopic hydraulic arm, so that the basic excavating bucket can perform excavation work in a vertical downward running track, which is convenient for performing vertical excavation work on a narrow working surface; An adjustable mounting seat is detachably fixed on the basic mounting seat, and an adjustable digging bucket is installed on the adjustable mounting seat. When digging vertically downward, the digging amount and digging efficiency can be increased through the cooperation of the adjustable digging bucket and the basic digging bucket. When digging in other directions, the adjustable mounting seat and the adjustable digging bucket can be removed to improve the flexibility of the digging work; The basic bucket and the adjustable bucket can be equipped with an additional bucket. When the soil is easy to dig, the digging amount can be increased by adding an additional bucket. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is an axonometric view of the basic mounting base, the basic digging bucket and the additional digging bucket of the present invention; Figure 3 It is an axonometric view of the foundation mounting base and the foundation digging bucket of the present invention; Figure 4 It is an axonometric view of the adjustable mounting seat of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a front view of the adjustable mounting seat of the present invention, and the dotted line indicates the hidden part; Figure 6 Another angle axonometric view of the foundation mounting base and the foundation digging bucket of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an axonometric view of the base mounting seat of the present invention, with the top cover removed; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the anti-loosening pin and the sliding block of the present invention, and the dotted line represents the hidden part; Fig. 9 An axonometric view of the additional digging bucket of the present invention; Fig.10 Another angled axonometric view of the foundation mounting base and the foundation digging bucket of the present invention; Fig.11 For the present invention Fig.10 A local enlarged view of point A; Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the locking structure of the present invention; Fig.13 For the present invention Fig.10 A partial enlarged view of point B; Fig.14 It is an axonometric view of the locking block and unlocking handle of the present invention; In the figure: 101, forearm, 102, seat tube, 103, moving tube, 104, adjusting hydraulic cylinder, 105, basic mounting seat, 106, basic digging bucket, 107, basic hydraulic cylinder, 108, adjustable mounting seat, 109, adjustable digging bucket, 110, adjustable hydraulic cylinder, 111, additional digging bucket, 112, side wall, 201, positive and negative threaded screw, 202, left clamp, 203, right clamp, 204, left pad, 205, right pad, 206, rotating handle, 207, anti-loosening hole, 208, anti-loosening bracket, 20 9. Anti-loosening pin, 210. Slider, 211. Optical axis, 212. Driving screw, 213. Connecting rod A, 214. Connecting rod B, 215. Connecting rod C, 216. Belt, 217. Guide shaft, 301. Mounting protrusion, 302. Mounting hole, 303. Mounting bracket, 304. Locking block, 305. Locking hole, 306. Straight groove, 307. Roller, 308. Rocker, 309. Unlocking handle, 310. Trigger block, 311. Inclined surface, 312. Rack, 313. Reset handle, 314. Gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Embodiment 1: The present invention provides a technical solution: Figure 1As shown, an excavation device and excavation method for a narrow working foundation pit include a hydraulic telescopic arm. The hydraulic telescopic arm is a commonly used component, including a seat tube, a movable tube and a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder can control the movable tube to extend out of the seat tube or retract into the seat tube. The seat tube 102 of the hydraulic telescopic arm is rotatably set at the end of the arm 101 of the excavator, and one end of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 104 is rotatably set on the seat tube 102 of the hydraulic telescopic arm. The other end of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 104 is rotatably set on the arm 101 of the excavator, and the end of the movable tube 103 of the hydraulic telescopic arm is fixed with a foundation mounting seat 105.

[0020] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, a basic digging bucket 106 is rotatably provided on a basic mounting seat 105, and the bottom and side surfaces of the basic digging bucket 106 both have side walls 112, one end of a basic hydraulic cylinder 107 is rotatably provided on the basic digging bucket 106, and the other end of the basic hydraulic cylinder 107 is rotatably provided on the basic mounting seat 105, an adjustable mounting seat 108 is detachably fixed on the basic mounting seat 105, an adjustable digging bucket 109 is rotatably provided on the adjustable mounting seat 108, one end of an adjustable hydraulic cylinder 110 is rotatably provided on the adjustable digging bucket 109, and the bottom and side surfaces of the adjustable digging bucket 109 both have side walls 112, and the other end of the adjustable hydraulic cylinder 110 is rotatably provided on the adjustable mounting seat 108, and the openings of the adjustable digging bucket 109 and the basic digging bucket 106 can be closed.

[0021] The basic excavator bucket 106 is mounted on a basic mounting seat 105, and the basic mounting seat 105 is mounted on a telescopic hydraulic arm. Compared with directly mounting the excavator bucket 106 on the forearm of the excavator, the excavation device of this embodiment enables the basic excavator bucket 106 to perform excavation work in a vertical downward running trajectory, which is convenient for vertical excavation work on a narrow working surface.

[0022] An adjustable mounting seat 108 is detachably fixed on the basic mounting seat 105, and an adjustable digging bucket 109 is installed on the adjustable mounting seat 108. When digging vertically downward, the cooperation of the adjustable digging bucket 109 and the basic digging bucket 106 can increase the digging amount and digging efficiency. When digging in other directions, the adjustable mounting seat 108 and the adjustable digging bucket 109 can be removed to improve the flexibility of the digging work.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, an additional digging bucket 111 is detachably fixed to the basic digging bucket 106. An additional digging bucket 111 (not shown in the drawings) is also detachably fixed to the adjustable digging bucket 109 of this embodiment.

[0024] The basic digging bucket 106 and the adjustable digging bucket 109 can be equipped with an additional digging bucket 111. When the soil is easy to dig, the digging amount can be increased by adding the additional digging bucket 111.

[0025] like Figure 2-4 As shown, the base mounting seat 105 is rotatably provided with a positive and negative threaded screw 201 (shown in Figure 3 ), the positive and negative thread screw is a screw with a left-hand thread processed at one end and a right-hand thread processed at the other end. The positive and negative thread screw 201 is threadedly connected with a left clamp 202 and a right clamp 203. With the left hand direction facing the opening of the basic digging bucket 106 as the left, the left clamp 202 and the right clamp 203 are slidably arranged on the guide shaft 217 (shown in Figure 2 The left pad 204 and the right pad 205 (shown in FIG. Figure 4 ), the left clamp 202 can press the left pad 204, the right clamp 203 can press the right pad 205, and a handle 206 is coaxially fixed to one end of the positive and negative threaded screw 201. In this embodiment, the handle 206 adopts a square protrusion and can be rotated by a corresponding wrench.

[0026] Rotating the handle 206 can drive the forward and reverse screws 201 to rotate, thereby driving the left clamp 202 and the right clamp 203 to move, thereby driving the left clamp 202 to press the left pad 204, and the right clamp 203 to press the right pad 205, thereby causing the basic mounting seat 105 to press the adjustable mounting seat 108, thereby facilitating quick disassembly and assembly of the adjustable mounting seat 108.

[0027] like Figure 3-6 As shown, the left pad 204 is provided with a locking hole 207 (shown in Figure 4 , 5 ), the right pad 205 is also provided with an anti-loosening hole 207, the diameter of the anti-loosening hole 207 is D1, the distance between the two anti-loosening holes 207 is S, and the value of S is between D1-4D1, and an anti-loosening bracket 208 is fixed on the basic mounting seat 105, and two anti-loosening pins 209 are slidably provided on the anti-loosening bracket 208, and the diameter of the anti-loosening pins 209 is D2 (shown in Figure 8 ), the value of D2 is between 0.5D1-0.8D1, the anti-loosening pin 209 can float in the anti-loosening bracket 208, one anti-loosening pin 209 can be inserted into the anti-loosening hole 207 of the left clamp 202, and the other anti-loosening pin 209 can be inserted into the anti-loosening hole 207 of the right clamp 203, and one end of each anti-loosening pin 209 is spherical, and the other end is connected to a driving mechanism.

[0028] After the basic mounting seat 105 presses the adjustable mounting seat 108, the anti-loosening pin 209 is inserted into the anti-loosening hole 207, which can prevent the adjustable mounting seat 108 from gradually detaching from the basic mounting seat 105 due to external vibration. Since the diameter of the anti-loosening pin 209 is smaller than the diameter of the anti-loosening hole 207, the anti-loosening pin 209 can move in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the anti-loosening hole 207 when inserted into the anti-loosening hole 207, which facilitates the insertion of the anti-loosening pin 209 into the anti-loosening hole 207. Since the distance between the two anti-loosening holes 207 is S, which is not on the same straight line, the shaking of the adjustable mounting seat 108 around the anti-loosening pin 209 can be reduced.

[0029] like Figure 7 , 8 As shown, the driving mechanism includes a slider 210, which is slidably set on the optical axis 211, and the optical axis 211 is fixed in the anti-loosening bracket 208. The slider 210 is threadedly connected to the driving screw 212, and the driving screw 212 is rotatably set in the anti-loosening bracket 208. One end of the A connecting rod 213 is rotatably set on the slider 210, and the other end of the A connecting rod 213 is rotatably set on one end of the B connecting rod 214, and the other end of the B connecting rod 214 is rotatably set on one end of the C connecting rod 215, and the other end of the C connecting rod 215 is rotatably set on the anti-loosening pin 209.

[0030] The rotation of the driving screw 212 can drive the slider 210 to move, and then drive the A connecting rod 213, the B connecting rod 214, and the C connecting rod 215 to move, and then drive the anti-loosening pin 209 to move. The A connecting rod 213, the B connecting rod 214, and the C connecting rod 215 cooperate so that the anti-loosening pin 209 can move in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the anti-loosening hole 207 when inserted into the anti-loosening hole 207 to adjust the position.

[0031] like Figure 7 As shown, an input pulley is coaxially fixed on the forward and reverse threaded screw 201, and an output pulley is coaxially fixed on the driving screw 212, and the input pulley is connected to the output pulley via a belt 216.

[0032] When installing the adjustable mounting seat 108, first insert the adjustable mounting seat 108 into the basic mounting seat 105, and then rotate the handle 206. The rotation of the handle 206 can drive the forward and reverse screws 201 to rotate, so that the basic mounting seat 105 presses the adjustable mounting seat 108. The rotation of the forward and reverse screws 201 can drive the input pulley to rotate, and then drive the output pulley to rotate through the belt 216, and then drive the drive screw 212 to rotate, and then drive the slider 210 to move, so that the anti-loosening pin 209 is inserted into the anti-loosening hole 207, and the installation of the adjustable mounting seat 108 is completed.

[0033] Through the cooperation of the belt 216 and the driving mechanism, the anti-loosening pin 209 can be inserted into the anti-loosening hole 207 while the adjustable mounting seat 108 is pressed, so as to facilitate the installation of the adjustable mounting seat 108.

[0034] like Figure 3 , 9 As shown, a locking structure is fixed on the side wall 112 of the basic digging bucket 106, and a locking structure is also fixed on the side wall 112 of the adjustable digging bucket 109. A mounting protrusion 301 is fixed on the side of the additional digging bucket 111, and the mounting protrusion 301 can be connected and locked with the locking structure. The additional digging bucket 111 can be installed on both sides of the basic digging bucket 106 and the adjustable digging bucket 109 through the locking structure.

[0035] like Fig. 9 , 10 As shown, the locking structure includes a mounting hole 302, which is opened on the side wall 112, and the mounting protrusion 301 can be inserted from the mounting hole 302. A mounting bracket 303 is fixed on the side wall 112 above the mounting hole 302, and a locking block 304 is lifted and lowered on the mounting bracket 303. A locking hole 305 is opened on the mounting protrusion 301, and the locking block 304 can be inserted into the locking hole 305.

[0036] When installing the additional excavator bucket 111 , the mounting protrusion 301 is first inserted into the mounting hole 302 , and then the locking block 304 is lowered and inserted into the locking hole 305 . After the locking block 304 is inserted into the locking hole 305 , the mounting protrusion 301 cannot be detached from the mounting hole 302 .

[0037] like Fig.10 , 11 As shown in FIGS. 12 and 14 , a straight groove 306 is provided on the locking block 304, a roller 307 is slidably provided in the straight groove 306, the roller 307 is rotatably provided on a rocker bar 308, the rocker bar 308 is rotatably provided on the side wall 112, when the locking block 304 is in the upper limit position, the rocker bar 308 is perpendicular to the straight groove 306, and an unlocking handle 309 is fixed on the locking block 304.

[0038] When the locking structure is unlocked, the unlocking handle 309 is pulled upward, thereby driving the locking block 304 to rise, and then driving the rocker arm 308 to rotate. When the locking block 304 is in the upper limit position, the rocker arm 308 is perpendicular to the straight groove 306, and the locking block 304 leaves the locking hole 305. At this time, after releasing the unlocking handle 309, the locking block 304 is subjected to a gravity, and the rocker arm 308 is subjected to a pressure F applied by the locking block 304. The pressure F is perpendicular to the straight groove 306, and the speed direction V of the rocker arm 308 is perpendicular to the rocker arm 308, so the pressure F is perpendicular to the speed V. The gravity of the locking block 304 cannot drive the rocker arm 308 to move, and the locking block 304 remains in the upper limit position, which is convenient for the operator to unlock the locking structure.

[0039] like Figure 10-13 As shown, a trigger block 310 is slidably disposed on the side wall 112 on one side of the mounting hole 302, and an inclined surface 311 is disposed at one end of the trigger block 310 (shown in FIG. Fig.13 ), the inclined surface 311 can contact the mounting protrusion 301, a friction plate is fixed on the trigger block 310, a gear 314 is fixed to the rotating end of the swing rod 308, the gear 314 is meshingly connected with a rack 312, the rack 312 is slidably arranged on the side wall 112, a friction plate is fixed to one end of the rack 312, the friction plate of the rack 312 can contact the friction plate of the trigger block 310, and a reset handle 313 is fixed to the trigger block 310.

[0040] When the mounting protrusion 301 is inserted into the mounting hole 302, the mounting protrusion 301 can squeeze the inclined surface 311 of the trigger block 310, and then drive the trigger block 310 to move through the inclined surface 311, so that the trigger block 310 moves to the side of the mounting protrusion 301. The movement of the trigger block 310 drives the rack 312 to move through the friction plate, and then drives the gear 314 to rotate, and then drives the swing rod 308 to rotate. After the swing rod 308 rotates through a certain angle, the pressure F and the speed V are no longer perpendicular, and the locking block 304 falls under the action of gravity and drives the swing rod 308 to swing. Then the locking block 304 is inserted into the locking hole 305 to complete the installation of the additional digging bucket 111.

[0041] When removing the additional excavator bucket 111, first pull the unlocking handle 309 upward, thereby driving the locking block 304 to rise, thereby driving the swing rod 308 to swing, thereby driving the gear 314 to rotate, and thereby driving the rack 312 to move. The movement of the rack 312 causes the trigger block 310 to have a tendency to move toward the mounting protrusion 301 through the friction plate. Since the trigger block 310 is blocked by the mounting protrusion 301, the rack 312 and the trigger block 310 move relative to each other. When the locking block 304 rises, When it reaches the upper limit position, the rocker arm 308 is perpendicular to the straight groove 306, and the locking block 304 leaves the locking hole 305. The locking block 304 remains at the upper limit position, and then the additional digging bucket 111 is pulled out to separate the mounting protrusion 301 from the locking structure, completing the disassembly of the additional digging bucket 111. Then, the unlocking handle 309 is grasped, and while keeping the rocker arm 308 perpendicular to the straight groove 306, the reset handle 313 is pushed to move the trigger block 310 toward the mounting hole 302.

[0042] Through the cooperation of the trigger block 310 , the rack 312 and the gear 314 , the locking block 304 can be automatically released when the mounting protrusion 301 is inserted, so as to complete the locking of the mounting protrusion 301 .

[0043] Working process: First, the hydraulic telescopic arm and the adjustable hydraulic cylinder 104 are installed on the excavator arm 101, and then the basic digging bucket 106 and the adjustable digging bucket 109 are used to cooperate to dig in the vertical direction. When the soil is easy to dig, the digging amount can be increased by adding an additional digging bucket 111.

[0044] Before installing the additional excavator bucket 111, first pull the unlocking handle 309 upwards, thereby driving the locking block 304 to rise, and then driving the rocker arm 308 to rotate, so that when the locking block 304 is in the upper limit position, the rocker arm 308 is perpendicular to the straight groove 306, and then grab the unlocking handle 309, while keeping the rocker arm 308 perpendicular to the straight groove 306, push the reset handle 313 to move the trigger block 310 toward the mounting hole 302.

[0045] Subsequently, the mounting protrusion 301 is inserted into the mounting hole 302. The mounting protrusion 301 can squeeze the inclined surface 311 of the trigger block 310, and then drive the trigger block 310 to move through the inclined surface 311, so that the trigger block 310 moves to the side of the mounting protrusion 301. The movement of the trigger block 310 drives the rack 312 to move through the friction plate, and then drives the gear 314 to rotate, and then drives the swing rod 308 to rotate. After the swing rod 308 rotates through a certain angle, the pressure F and the speed V are no longer perpendicular, and the locking block 304 falls under the action of gravity and drives the swing rod 308 to swing. Subsequently, the locking block 304 is inserted into the locking hole 305 to complete the installation of the additional excavator bucket 111.

[0046] When removing the additional excavator bucket 111, first pull the unlocking handle 309 upwards, thereby driving the locking block 304 to rise, thereby driving the swing rod 308 to swing, thereby driving the gear 314 to rotate, and thereby driving the rack 312 to move. The movement of the rack 312 causes the trigger block 310 to have a tendency to move in the direction of the mounting protrusion 301 through the friction plate. Since the trigger block 310 is blocked by the mounting protrusion 301, the rack 312 and the trigger block 310 move relative to each other. When the locking block 304 rises to the upper limit position, the swing rod 308 is perpendicular to the straight groove 306, the locking block 304 leaves the locking hole 305, and the locking block 304 remains at the upper limit position. Then, the additional excavator bucket 111 is pulled out to separate the mounting protrusion 301 from the locking structure, and the removal of the additional excavator bucket 111 is completed.

[0047] After the vertical excavation of the foundation pit is completed, the adjustable mounting seat 108 and the adjustable digging bucket 109 are removed, and the basic digging bucket 106 is used to trim the other directions of the foundation pit.

[0048] When disassembling the adjustable mounting seat 108, first rotate the handle 206. The rotation of the handle 206 can drive the forward and reverse threaded screws 201 to rotate, and then drive the left clamp 202 and the right clamp 203 to move, and then drive the left clamp 202 to loosen the left pad 204, and the right clamp 203 to loosen the right pad 205, so that the basic mounting seat 105 loosens the adjustable mounting seat 108. The rotation of the forward and reverse threaded screws 201 can drive the input pulley to rotate, and then drive the output pulley to rotate through the belt 216, and then drive the drive screw 212 to rotate, and then drive the slider 210 to move, so that the anti-loosening pin 209 leaves the anti-loosening hole 207, and then pull out the adjustable mounting seat 108 to complete the disassembly of the adjustable mounting seat 108.

[0049] When installing the adjustable mounting seat 108, first insert the adjustable mounting seat 108 onto the basic mounting seat 105, and then rotate the handle 206. The rotation of the handle 206 can drive the forward and reverse screws 201 to rotate, and then drive the left clamp 202 and the right clamp 203 to move, and then drive the left clamp 202 to press the left pad 204, and the right clamp 203 to press the right pad 205, so that the basic mounting seat 105 presses the adjustable mounting seat 108. The rotation of the forward and reverse screws 201 can drive the input pulley to rotate, and then drive the output pulley to rotate through the belt 216, and then drive the drive screw 212 to rotate, and then drive the slider 210 to move, and then insert the anti-loosening pin 209 into the anti-loosening hole 207 to complete the installation of the adjustable mounting seat 108.

[0050] Embodiment 2: A method for digging soil in a narrow working pit using the digging device of embodiment 1, comprising the following steps: S1, preparation, installing the hydraulic telescopic arm and the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 104 on the excavator arm 101; S2, preliminary excavation, using the basic excavation bucket 106 and the adjustable excavation bucket 109 to cooperate in excavating in the vertical direction; S3, trimming, removing the adjustable mounting seat 108 and the adjustable digging bucket 109, and using the basic digging bucket 106 to trim other directions of the foundation pit.

[0051] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An excavation device for a narrow working pit, characterized in that: It comprises a hydraulic telescopic arm, wherein a seat tube (102) of the hydraulic telescopic arm is rotatably arranged at the end of a small arm (101) of an excavator, one end of an adjusting hydraulic cylinder (104) is rotatably arranged on the seat tube (102) of the hydraulic telescopic arm, the other end of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (104) is rotatably arranged on the small arm (101) of the excavator, a moving tube (103) is slidably arranged in the seat tube (102) of the hydraulic telescopic arm, and a base mounting seat (105) is fixed to the end of the moving tube (103) of the hydraulic telescopic arm; A basic digging bucket (106) is rotatably arranged on the basic mounting seat (105), the bottom and side surfaces of the basic digging bucket (106) both have side walls (112), one end of a basic hydraulic cylinder (107) is rotatably arranged on the basic digging bucket (106), the other end of the basic hydraulic cylinder (107) is rotatably arranged on the basic mounting seat (105), an adjustable mounting seat (108) is detachably fixed on the basic mounting seat (105), an adjustable digging bucket (109) is rotatably arranged on the adjustable mounting seat (108), one end of an adjustable hydraulic cylinder (110) is rotatably arranged on the adjustable digging bucket (109), the bottom and side surfaces of the adjustable digging bucket (109) both have side walls (112), the other end of the adjustable hydraulic cylinder (110) is rotatably arranged on the adjustable mounting seat (108), and the openings of the adjustable digging bucket (109) and the basic digging bucket (106) can be closed; An additional digging bucket (111) is detachably fixed to the basic digging bucket (106), and an additional digging bucket (111) is also detachably fixed to the adjustable digging bucket (109).

2. The excavation device for a narrow working pit according to claim 1, characterized in that: A forward and reverse threaded screw (201) is rotatably arranged on the base mounting seat (105), a left clamp (202) and a right clamp (203) are threadedly connected on the forward and reverse threaded screw (201), the left clamp (202) and the right clamp (203) are slidably arranged on the guide shaft (217), a left cushion block (204) and a right cushion block (205) are fixed on the adjustable mounting seat (108), the left clamp (202) can press the left cushion block (204), the right clamp (203) can press the right cushion block (205), and a rotating handle (206) is coaxially fixed to one end of the forward and reverse threaded screw (201).

3. The excavation device for a narrow working foundation pit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The left pad (204) is provided with an anti-loose hole (207), and the right pad (205) is also provided with an anti-loose hole (207). The diameter of the anti-loose hole (207) is D1, and the distance between the two anti-loose holes (207) is S, and the value of S is between D1-4D1. An anti-loose bracket (208) is fixed on the basic mounting seat (105), and two anti-loose pins (209) are slidably provided on the anti-loose bracket (208). The anti-loose pins (209) are straight. The diameter of the left clamp (202) is D2, and the value of D2 is between 0.5D1 and 0.8D1. The anti-loosening pin (209) can float in the anti-loosening bracket (208). One anti-loosening pin (209) can be inserted into the anti-loosening hole (207) of the left clamp (202), and the other anti-loosening pin (209) can be inserted into the anti-loosening hole (207) of the right clamp (203). One end of each anti-loosening pin (209) is spherical, and the other end is connected to a driving mechanism.

4. The excavation device for a narrow working foundation pit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a slider (210), wherein the slider (210) is slidably arranged on an optical axis (211), the optical axis (211) is fixed on an anti-loosening bracket (208), the slider (210) is threadedly connected to a driving screw (212), the driving screw (212) is rotatably arranged in the anti-loosening bracket (208), one end of an A connecting rod (213) is rotatably arranged on the slider (210), one end of a B connecting rod (214) is rotatably arranged on the other end of the A connecting rod (213), one end of a C connecting rod (215) is rotatably arranged on the other end of the B connecting rod (214), and the other end of the C connecting rod (215) is rotatably arranged on an anti-loosening pin (209).

5. The excavation device for a narrow working foundation pit according to claim 4, characterized in that: An input pulley is coaxially fixed on the positive and negative threaded screw (201), an output pulley is coaxially fixed on the driving screw (212), and the input pulley is connected to the output pulley via a belt (216).

6. The excavation device for a narrow working pit according to claim 1, characterized in that: A locking structure is fixed on the side wall (112) of the basic digging bucket (106), and a locking structure is also fixed on the side wall (112) of the adjustable digging bucket (109). A mounting protrusion (301) is fixed on the side of the additional digging bucket (111). The mounting protrusion (301) can be connected to and locked with the locking structure. The additional digging bucket (111) can be mounted on both sides of the basic digging bucket (106) and the adjustable digging bucket (109) through the locking structure.

7. The excavation device for a narrow working foundation pit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The locking structure comprises a mounting hole (302), wherein the mounting hole (302) is formed on a side wall (112), and a mounting protrusion (301) can be inserted from the mounting hole (302). A mounting bracket (303) is fixed on the side wall (112) above the mounting hole (302), and a locking block (304) is provided on the mounting bracket (303) in a lifting manner. A locking hole (305) is formed on the mounting protrusion (301), and the locking block (304) can be inserted into the locking hole (305).

8. The excavation device for a narrow working foundation pit according to claim 7, characterized in that: A straight groove (306) is provided on the locking block (304), a roller (307) is slidably disposed in the straight groove (306), the roller (307) is rotatably disposed on a swing rod (308), and the swing rod (308) is rotatably disposed on the side wall (112). When the locking block (304) is in the upper limit position, the swing rod (308) is perpendicular to the straight groove (306), and an unlocking handle (309) is fixed on the locking block (304).

9. The excavation device for a narrow working pit according to claim 8, characterized in that: A trigger block (310) is slidably disposed on the side wall (112) on one side of the mounting hole (302); an inclined surface (311) is disposed at one end of the trigger block (310); the inclined surface (311) can contact the mounting protrusion (301); a friction plate is fixed to the trigger block (310); a gear (314) is fixed to the rotating end of the swing rod (308); the gear (314) is meshingly connected with a rack (312); the rack (312) is slidably disposed on the side wall (112); a friction plate is fixed at one end of the rack (312); the friction plate of the rack (312) can contact the friction plate of the trigger block (310); and a reset handle (313) is fixed to the trigger block (310).

10. A method for digging in a narrow working pit using the digging device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, preparation, installing the hydraulic telescopic arm and the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (104) on the excavator arm (101); S2, preliminary excavation, using the basic excavation bucket (106) and the adjustable excavation bucket (109) to perform excavation in the vertical direction; S3, trimming, removing the adjustable mounting seat (108) and the adjustable digging bucket (109), and using the basic digging bucket (106) to trim other directions of the foundation pit.

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