Power grid equipment real-time monitoring and data fusion system based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention discloses a power grid equipment real-time monitoring and data fusion system based on the Internet of Things, and particularly relates to the field of real-time monitoring, and the system comprises a power grid equipment gas concentration detection module, a power grid equipment parameter data acquisition module, a data processing calculation module, a power grid equipment loss value calculation module, and a data fusion and calculation module. The gas concentration is measured through the laser, the laser wavelength is adjusted to coincide with the gas absorption spectral line, the radiation intensity and the gas absorption coefficient after absorption are calculated, the harmonic ratio is calculated, and the gas concentration is obtained through inversion. Acquiring voltage and resistance of the insulator, removing abnormal values and supplementing missing values of acquired data, calculating a heating value, comparing the heating value with a heating threshold value, and sending out a signal; the power grid equipment loss value calculation module calculates a loss value after receiving the signal; and finally, calculating a power grid equipment index value according to the gas concentration, the heating value and the loss value, comparing the power grid equipment index value with a threshold, and outputting a signal to ensure safe operation of power grid equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of real-time monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] In today's society, electricity is an indispensable basic energy source for modern industry and life. Its stable supply and efficient utilization have a vital impact on national economic development, social harmony and people's quality of life. With the continuous growth of electricity demand and the continuous expansion of the power grid, the safe operation and efficient management of power grid equipment are facing unprecedented challenges.

[0003] With the continuous development of the power industry and the expansion of the power grid, the number and types of power grid equipment are also increasing. These devices may experience various faults and abnormal conditions during operation, such as equipment aging, damage, overload, etc. If these problems are not solved in time, they may lead to power grid accidents and have serious impacts on social production and life. Therefore, real-time monitoring of power grid equipment and timely detection and handling of potential problems are of great significance to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid.

[0004] However, traditional power grid equipment monitoring still has some shortcomings in actual use. For example, in modern power maintenance, some regular preventive tests are generally carried out. Although some faults can be detected to a certain extent and power accidents can be prevented, some faults of power equipment are often staged, and early faults are difficult to detect in time. Ultimately, these early faults are deteriorated because they are not discovered in time and evolve into serious power accidents. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] Power grid equipment gas concentration detection module: used to install the laser at the location where the power grid equipment emits the most gas in historical events, and drive the laser to generate a wavelength-adjustable light source to measure the gas concentration;

[0008] Power grid equipment parameter data acquisition module: used to receive the preliminary warning signal issued by the gas concentration detection module of the power grid equipment, and after receiving the preliminary warning signal, collect the distributed voltage and resistance of the surface insulators of the power grid equipment;

[0009] Data processing and calculation module: used to be set up in the cloud data processing center, used to receive the data from the power grid equipment parameter acquisition module, and remove abnormal values ​​and supplement missing values ​​from the data; then calculate the calorific value of the processed data, and transmit the calorific value to the data fusion calculation module;

[0010] Power grid equipment loss value calculation module: used to receive the secondary warning signal in the data processing calculation module, and immediately calculate the power grid equipment loss value after receiving the secondary warning signal;

[0011] Data fusion and calculation module: used to calculate the power grid equipment index value based on the heating value, gas concentration and loss value.

[0012] Preferably, in the gas concentration detection module of the power grid equipment, a semiconductor laser is driven to generate a light source, and the calculation method of the light intensity of the light source emitted by the laser is specifically as follows:

[0013] , where D represents the light intensity emitted by the laser, Expressed as the radiation intensity before modulation, It is expressed as modulation frequency, a is light intensity modulation coefficient, and t is modulation time;

[0014] The instantaneous frequency calculation method of the laser is as follows:

[0015] , where E represents the instantaneous frequency of the laser, represents the center frequency of the laser, b represents the modulation amplitude of the laser, It is expressed as the modulation frequency, and t is expressed as the modulation time;

[0016] By modulating the absorption peak center frequency of the laser to make it coincide with the gas absorption spectrum, the calculation method of the radiation intensity after absorption by the gas molecules is as follows:

[0017] , where F represents the radiation intensity after being absorbed by gas molecules, It is represented by the radiation intensity before modulation, a is represented by the light intensity modulation coefficient, represents the modulation frequency, t represents the modulation time, Expressed as the natural frequency, It is expressed as the gas absorption coefficient, A is expressed as the gas concentration value, and B is expressed as the gas path length that the laser beam passes through;

[0018] The radiation intensity after being absorbed by the gas molecules is processed by Fourier series expansion, and the first harmonic value and the second harmonic value are obtained after processing. The calculation method of the first harmonic value is specifically as follows:

[0019] ,in, It is expressed as the first harmonic value, a is the light intensity modulation coefficient, Expressed as the radiation intensity before modulation;

[0020] ,in, Expressed as the second harmonic value, It is represented as the gas absorption coefficient, d is represented as a constant, A is represented as the gas concentration value, B is represented as the gas path length that the laser beam passes through, Expressed as the radiation intensity before modulation;

[0021] The harmonic ratio is calculated based on the first harmonic value and the second harmonic value. The specific calculation method of the harmonic ratio is:

[0022] , where K represents the harmonic ratio, Expressed as the second harmonic value, Expressed as the first harmonic value;

[0023] It can be seen from the harmonic ratio that the harmonic ratio is proportional to the gas concentration value. The gas concentration is inverted by the constant, and the inverted gas concentration is: , where A represents the gas concentration, K represents the harmonic ratio, and d represents a constant;

[0024] The gas concentration after inversion is compared with the preset gas concentration threshold. If the gas concentration after inversion is greater than the preset gas concentration threshold, a preliminary warning signal is issued and sent to the power grid equipment parameter acquisition module; if the gas concentration after inversion is less than the preset gas concentration threshold, a safety signal is issued and monitoring continues.

[0025] Preferably, in the power grid equipment parameter acquisition module, after receiving the preliminary warning signal, the distributed voltage tester is started to collect the distributed voltage of the surface insulators of the power grid equipment; the resistance value is measured by collecting through the resistance divider rod, and the resistance of the insulator is calculated by measuring the potential difference between the two points and combining with the known resistance value; the collected distributed voltage and resistance of the surface insulators of the power grid equipment are transmitted to the data processing module through the wireless network for data processing.

[0026] Preferably, in the data processing module, the Z-score method is used to remove the received abnormal data, and the interpolation method is used to supplement the missing values;

[0027] The processed data is calculated to obtain the calorific value of the insulator of the power grid equipment. The specific method for calculating the calorific value is:

[0028] , where L represents the heating value, h represents the total number of insulators in the insulator string, It is expressed as the voltage borne by the g-th insulator. It is expressed as the dielectric loss tangent of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the power angular frequency, Expressed as the equivalent impedance of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the voltage correction factor of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the temperature correction factor for the g-th insulator, It is expressed as the temperature borne by the g-th insulator.

[0029] Preferably, in the power grid equipment loss value calculation module, the power grid equipment loss value calculation method is specifically as follows:

[0030] , where Q represents the power grid equipment loss value, h represents the total number of insulators in the insulator string, It is expressed as the current value of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the resistance value of the g-th insulator, It is expressed as the voltage borne by the g-th insulator. It is expressed as the dielectric loss tangent of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the power angular frequency, It is expressed as the load factor of the power grid equipment, U is expressed as the rated capacity of the voltage equipment, and V is expressed as the average power factor on the load side of the power grid equipment.

[0031] Preferably, in the data fusion and analysis module, the calculation method of the power grid equipment index value is specifically as follows:

[0032] , where Z represents the index value of the power grid equipment, A represents the gas concentration, L represents the calorific value, and Q represents the loss value of the power grid equipment. , , Expressed as a weight factor;

[0033] The calculated grid equipment index value is compared with the preset grid equipment index threshold. If the calculated grid equipment index value is greater than the preset grid equipment index threshold, a final warning signal is output and transmitted to the control end, and the control end notifies relevant personnel to make corrections; if the calculated grid equipment index value is less than the preset grid equipment index threshold, a safety signal is output and monitoring continues.

[0034] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0035] The present invention measures the gas concentration by means of a laser, and then uses the harmonic ratio to invert the gas concentration and compare it with the threshold value to issue a warning; after receiving the warning, the distributed voltage and resistance of the insulator are collected, and then the heating value is calculated and compared with the threshold value, and a secondary warning is issued; after receiving the secondary warning, the loss value of the power grid equipment is calculated, and the heating value, gas concentration and loss value are used to calculate the index value of the power grid equipment, and the index value is compared with the threshold value to output a final warning or safety signal; the above method can cope with staged faults and timely discover early faults, thereby preventing the occurrence of serious power accidents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of module connection of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] See also Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things, which includes a power grid equipment gas concentration detection module, a power grid equipment parameter data acquisition module, a data processing and calculation module, a power grid equipment loss value calculation module, and a data fusion and calculation module.

[0039] Power grid equipment gas concentration detection module: used to install the laser at the location where the power grid equipment emits the most gas in historical events, and drive the laser to generate a wavelength-adjustable light source to measure the gas concentration;

[0040] In the gas concentration detection module of the power grid equipment, a semiconductor laser is driven to generate a light source, and the calculation method of the light intensity of the light source emitted by the laser is specifically as follows:

[0041] , where D represents the light intensity emitted by the laser, Expressed as the radiation intensity before modulation, It is expressed as modulation frequency, a is light intensity modulation coefficient, and t is modulation time;

[0042] The modulation frequency is the instantaneous frequency of the carrier signal during the frequency modulation process. The new frequency of the modulated carrier signal is the modulation frequency.

[0043] The instantaneous frequency calculation method of the laser is as follows:

[0044] , where E represents the instantaneous frequency of the laser, represents the center frequency of the laser, b represents the modulation amplitude of the laser, It is expressed as the modulation frequency, and t is expressed as the modulation time;

[0045] By modulating the absorption peak center frequency of the laser to make it coincide with the gas absorption spectrum, the calculation method of the radiation intensity after absorption by the gas molecules is as follows:

[0046] , where F represents the radiation intensity after being absorbed by gas molecules, It is represented by the radiation intensity before modulation, a is represented by the light intensity modulation coefficient, represents the modulation frequency, t represents the modulation time, Expressed as the natural frequency, It is expressed as the gas absorption coefficient, A is expressed as the gas concentration value, and B is expressed as the gas path length that the laser beam passes through;

[0047] The calculation method of the gas absorption coefficient is as follows:

[0048] ,in, Expressed as the gas absorption coefficient, It is represented by the absorption cross section of the gas, and E is represented by the instantaneous frequency of the laser; Expressed as the center frequency of the absorption peak, Expressed as the half-width of the absorption line,

[0049] The central frequency of the absorption peak refers to the maximum absorption value corresponding to the central wavelength of the absorbance versus wavelength curve in the absorption spectrum;

[0050] The calculation method of natural frequency is as follows:

[0051] ,in, is the natural frequency, b is the modulation amplitude of the laser, It is expressed as the half-width of the absorption line;

[0052] The radiation intensity after being absorbed by the gas molecules is processed by Fourier series expansion, and the first harmonic value and the second harmonic value are obtained after processing. The calculation method of the first harmonic value is specifically as follows:

[0053] ,in, It is expressed as the first harmonic value, a is the light intensity modulation coefficient, It is expressed as the radiation intensity before modulation;

[0054] ,in, Expressed as the second harmonic value, It is represented as the gas absorption coefficient, d is represented as a constant, A is represented as the gas concentration value, B is represented as the gas path length that the laser beam passes through, It is expressed as the radiation intensity before modulation;

[0055] The harmonic ratio is calculated based on the first harmonic value and the second harmonic value. The specific calculation method of the harmonic ratio is:

[0056] , where K represents the harmonic ratio, Expressed as the second harmonic value, Expressed as the first harmonic value;

[0057] It can be seen from the harmonic ratio that the harmonic ratio is proportional to the gas concentration value. The gas concentration is inverted by the constant, and the inverted gas concentration is: , where A represents the gas concentration, K represents the harmonic ratio, and d represents a constant;

[0058] The gas concentration after inversion is compared with the preset gas concentration threshold. If the gas concentration after inversion is greater than the preset gas concentration threshold, a preliminary warning signal is issued and sent to the power grid equipment parameter acquisition module; if the gas concentration after inversion is less than the preset gas concentration threshold, a safety signal is issued and monitoring continues.

[0059] Power grid equipment parameter data acquisition module: used to receive the preliminary warning signal issued by the gas concentration detection module of the power grid equipment, and after receiving the preliminary warning signal, collect the distributed voltage and resistance of the surface insulators of the power grid equipment;

[0060] In the power grid equipment parameter acquisition module, after receiving the preliminary warning signal, the distributed voltage tester is started to collect the distributed voltage of the surface insulator of the power grid equipment; the resistance value is measured by collecting through the resistance voltage divider rod, and the resistance of the insulator is calculated by measuring the potential difference between two points and combining the known resistance value; the collected distributed voltage and resistance of the surface insulator of the power grid equipment are transmitted to the data processing module through the wireless network for data processing;

[0061] The distributed voltage tester includes short-circuit fork, resistance voltage divider rod, capacitance voltage divider rod, spark gap inspection rod and other parts; the short-circuit fork is used to detect damaged insulators and determine the voltage conditions of the insulators by observing the spark discharge conditions; the resistance voltage divider rod and capacitance voltage divider rod are used to measure the potential difference of each point on the insulator string. The resistance voltage divider rod is suitable for measuring high-voltage substations and line insulator strings, while the capacitance voltage divider rod is suitable for measuring low-voltage levels; the spark gap inspection rod is used to detect degraded insulators in the insulator string and determine the voltage distribution of the insulators by observing the spark discharge conditions.

[0062] Data processing and calculation module: used to be set up in the cloud data processing center, used to receive the data of the power grid equipment parameter acquisition module, and remove abnormal values ​​and supplement missing values ​​from the data; then calculate the calorific value of the processed data, and transmit the calorific value to the data fusion calculation module;

[0063] In the data processing module, the Z-score method is used to eliminate the received abnormal data, and the interpolation method is used to supplement the missing values;

[0064] The specific method of using the Z-score method to eliminate the received data is:

[0065] Step A1: Calculate the mean and standard deviation of the collected data set. The mean is the average of all data points, and the standard deviation is a measure of the degree to which the data points deviate from the mean.

[0066] Step A2: For each data point x in the data set, calculate its Z value by applying the Z-score formula:

[0067] , where Y represents the Z-score value, X represents the data value, S is the mean of the data set, and σ is the standard deviation of the data set;

[0068] Step A3: Set the threshold range to , it means that the data point is more than 3 standard deviations away from the mean, and this data value is an outlier;

[0069] The processed data is calculated to obtain the calorific value of the insulator of the power grid equipment. The specific method for calculating the calorific value is:

[0070] , where L represents the heating value, h represents the total number of insulators in the insulator string, It is expressed as the voltage borne by the g-th insulator. It is expressed as the dielectric loss tangent of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the power angular frequency, Expressed as the equivalent impedance of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the voltage correction factor of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the temperature correction factor for the g-th insulator, It is expressed as the temperature of the g-th insulator;

[0071] The calculated heating value is compared with the preset heating threshold. If the heating value is greater than the preset heating threshold, a secondary warning signal is issued and sent to the power grid equipment loss value calculation module; if the heating value is less than the preset heating threshold, monitoring continues;

[0072] Among them, the power angular frequency represents the angular velocity corresponding to the sine wave frequency when the power supply outputs the voltage. It describes the number of radians that the AC signal changes in unit time.

[0073] Temperature is an important factor affecting the performance of insulating materials. Increased temperature may lead to increased dielectric loss, thereby increasing heat generation. Introducing a temperature correction factor can reflect temperature dependence, making the calculation of the calorific value more in line with actual conditions.

[0074] Changes in voltage can also affect dielectric loss; in some cases, an increase in voltage may lead to a nonlinear increase in dielectric loss. The introduction of a voltage correction factor can take into account the effect of this voltage on dielectric loss, making the calculation of heating power more accurate.

[0075] The specific calculation method of dielectric loss tangent is:

[0076] ,in, Expressed as the loss tangent value of the g-th dielectric, It is expressed as the gth insulator at the reference temperature The dielectric loss tangent value under Expressed as the temperature coefficient, Expressed as actual temperature, Expressed as reference temperature, Expressed as the secondary temperature coefficient of the g-th insulator;

[0077] Among them, dielectric loss angle is an important indicator to characterize the electrical properties of insulating materials. It reflects the degree to which insulating materials convert electrical energy into thermal energy under the action of alternating electric fields.

[0078] Among them, the introduction of the quadratic temperature coefficient can accurately describe the nonlinear characteristics of the dielectric loss tangent value changing with temperature.

[0079] Power grid equipment loss value calculation module: used to receive the secondary warning signal in the data processing calculation module, and immediately calculate the power grid equipment loss value after receiving the secondary warning signal;

[0080] In the power grid equipment loss value calculation module, the calculation method of the power grid equipment loss value is specifically as follows:

[0081] , where Q represents the power grid equipment loss value, h represents the total number of insulators in the insulator string, It is expressed as the current value of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the resistance value of the g-th insulator, It is expressed as the voltage borne by the g-th insulator. It is expressed as the dielectric loss tangent of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the power angular frequency, It is expressed as the load factor of the power grid equipment, U is expressed as the rated capacity of the voltage equipment, and V is expressed as the average power factor on the load side of the power grid equipment;

[0082] The calculated power grid equipment loss value is transmitted to the data fusion and analysis module.

[0083] Data fusion and calculation module: used to calculate the power grid equipment index value based on the heating value, gas concentration and loss value;

[0084] In the data fusion and analysis module, the calculation method of the power grid equipment index value is specifically as follows:

[0085] , where Z represents the index value of the power grid equipment, A represents the gas concentration, L represents the calorific value, and Q represents the loss value of the power grid equipment. , , Expressed as a weight factor;

[0086] in, The value of is 50%. The value of is 30%. The weight of is 20%;

[0087] The calculation method of the power grid equipment index threshold is as follows:

[0088] ,in, It is represented as the threshold value of the power grid equipment index, and n is represented as the number of times the historical power grid equipment index value is calculated. In order to reduce the error of the calculated value, the value of n is , It is expressed as the gas concentration of the i-th historical data, It is expressed as the heating value of the i-th historical data, It is represented by the power grid equipment loss value of the i-th historical data;

[0089] Compare the calculated grid equipment index value with the preset grid equipment index threshold value. If the calculated grid equipment index value is greater than the preset grid equipment index threshold value, output a final warning signal, transmit the final warning signal to the control end, and the control end notifies relevant personnel to make corrections; if the calculated grid equipment index value is less than the preset grid equipment index threshold value, output a safety signal and continue monitoring;

[0090] Finally: The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The real-time monitoring and data fusion system of power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things is characterized by: include: Power grid equipment gas concentration detection module: used to install the laser at the location where the power grid equipment emits the most gas in historical events, and drive the laser to generate a wavelength-adjustable light source to measure the gas concentration; Power grid equipment parameter data acquisition module: used to receive the preliminary warning signal issued by the gas concentration detection module of the power grid equipment, and after receiving the preliminary warning signal, collect the distributed voltage and resistance of the surface insulators of the power grid equipment; Data processing and calculation module: used to be set up in the cloud data processing center, used to receive the data from the power grid equipment parameter acquisition module, and remove abnormal values ​​and supplement missing values ​​from the data; then calculate the calorific value of the processed data, and transmit the calorific value to the data fusion calculation module; Power grid equipment loss value calculation module: used to receive the secondary warning signal in the data processing calculation module, and immediately calculate the power grid equipment loss value after receiving the secondary warning signal; Data fusion and calculation module: used to calculate the power grid equipment index value based on the heating value, gas concentration and loss value.

2. The real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the gas concentration detection module of the power grid equipment, a semiconductor laser is driven to generate a light source, and the calculation method of the light intensity of the light source emitted by the laser is specifically as follows: , where D represents the light intensity emitted by the laser, Expressed as the radiation intensity before modulation, It is expressed as modulation frequency, a is light intensity modulation coefficient, and t is modulation time; The instantaneous frequency calculation method of the laser is as follows: , where E represents the instantaneous frequency of the laser, represents the center frequency of the laser, b represents the modulation amplitude of the laser, It is expressed as the modulation frequency, and t is expressed as the modulation time; By modulating the absorption peak center frequency of the laser to make it coincide with the gas absorption spectrum, the calculation method of the radiation intensity after absorption by the gas molecules is as follows: , where F represents the radiation intensity after being absorbed by gas molecules, It is represented by the radiation intensity before modulation, a is represented by the light intensity modulation coefficient, represents the modulation frequency, t represents the modulation time, Expressed as the natural frequency, It is expressed as the gas absorption coefficient, A is the gas concentration value, and B is the gas path length that the laser beam passes through.

3. The real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The calculation method of gas absorption coefficient is as follows: ,in, Expressed as the gas absorption coefficient, It is represented by the absorption cross section of the gas, and E is represented by the instantaneous frequency of the laser; Expressed as the center frequency of the absorption peak, It is expressed as the half-width of the absorption line; The calculation method of natural frequency is as follows: ,in, is the natural frequency, b is the modulation amplitude of the laser, Expressed as the half-width of the absorption line.

4. The real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 2 or 3 is characterized in that: The radiation intensity after being absorbed by the gas molecules is processed by Fourier series expansion, and the first harmonic value and the second harmonic value are obtained after processing. The calculation method of the first harmonic value is specifically as follows: ,in, It is expressed as the first harmonic value, a is the light intensity modulation coefficient, Expressed as the radiation intensity before modulation; ,in, Expressed as the second harmonic value, It is represented as the gas absorption coefficient, d is represented as a constant, A is represented as the gas concentration value, B is represented as the gas path length that the laser beam passes through, It is expressed as the radiation intensity before modulation; The harmonic ratio is calculated based on the first harmonic value and the second harmonic value. The specific calculation method of the harmonic ratio is: , where K represents the harmonic ratio, Expressed as the second harmonic value, Expressed as the first harmonic value; It can be seen from the harmonic ratio that the harmonic ratio is proportional to the gas concentration value. The gas concentration is inverted by the constant, and the inverted gas concentration is: , where A represents the gas concentration, K represents the harmonic ratio, and d represents a constant.

5. The real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the power grid equipment parameter acquisition module, after receiving the preliminary warning signal, the distributed voltage tester is started to collect the distributed voltage of the surface insulator of the power grid equipment; the resistance value is measured by the resistance divider rod, and the resistance of the insulator is calculated by measuring the potential difference between two points and combining the known resistance value; the collected distributed voltage and resistance of the surface insulator of the power grid equipment are transmitted to the data processing module through the wireless network for data processing.

6. The real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the data processing module, the Z-score method is used to eliminate the received abnormal data, and the interpolation method is used to supplement the missing values; The processed data is calculated to obtain the calorific value of the insulator of the power grid equipment. The specific method for calculating the calorific value is: , where L represents the heating value, h represents the total number of insulators in the insulator string, It is expressed as the voltage borne by the g-th insulator. It is expressed as the dielectric loss tangent of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the power angular frequency, Expressed as the equivalent impedance of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the voltage correction factor of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the temperature correction factor for the g-th insulator, It is expressed as the temperature borne by the g-th insulator.

7. The real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the power grid equipment loss value calculation module, the calculation method of the power grid equipment loss value is specifically as follows: , where Q represents the power grid equipment loss value, h represents the total number of insulators in the insulator string, It is expressed as the current value of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the resistance value of the g-th insulator, It is expressed as the voltage borne by the g-th insulator. It is expressed as the dielectric loss tangent of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the power angular frequency, It is expressed as the load factor of the power grid equipment, U is expressed as the rated capacity of the voltage equipment, and V is expressed as the average power factor on the load side of the power grid equipment.

8. The real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized by: In the data fusion and analysis module, the calculation method of the power grid equipment index value is specifically as follows: , where Z represents the index value of the power grid equipment, A represents the gas concentration, L represents the calorific value, and Q represents the loss value of the power grid equipment. , , Expressed as a weight factor; The calculated grid equipment index value is compared with the preset grid equipment index threshold. If the calculated grid equipment index value is greater than the preset grid equipment index threshold, a final warning signal is output and transmitted to the control end, and the control end notifies relevant personnel to make corrections; if the calculated grid equipment index value is less than the preset grid equipment index threshold, a safety signal is output and monitoring continues.

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