299 results about "Agricultural nonpoint source pollution" patented technology

The invention relates to a method for utilizing a buffer strip to control agricultural non-point source pollution of a tidal river network area of a plain, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting buffer strip areas, carrying out primary treatment to the buffer strip, setting a water distribution system of the buffer strip, selecting and planting plants in the buffer strip and introducing water source into the buffer strip. The method has the characteristics of simpleness, convenience, practicability, good purifying effect and free maintenance management.

The invention relates to a smart irrigation and drainage decision method and system for an irrigated area rice field based on remote sensing data inversion. The method comprises the steps of S1, obtaining remote sensing data; S2, carrying out inversion on the remote sensing data and carrying out inversion and extraction on element information based on obtained multi-source remote sensing data products; and S3, carrying out irrigation and drainage decision analysis. The system comprises a remote sensing data obtaining module, a remote sensing data inversion module and an irrigation and drainage decision analysis module for forming the irrigation and drainage decision of the irrigated area rice field. According to the method and the system, precise water level control can be carried out on the irrigated area rice field; the irrigation and drainage water quantity is precise; the non-point source pollution runoff is minimized; the water-saving precise water level control is carried out on the irrigated area rice field; the problem that irrigated area resources are wasted, irrigation and drainage are not in time and the non-point source pollution runoff of an irrigated area is serious can be solved; and moreover, the method and the system have relatively good expansibility and relatively high economic benefit and social benefit.

The invention discloses a rice simplified cultivation method. The method comprises the steps of wheat mechanized smashing and field returning, mechanized rotary tillage soil preparation, mechanized seedling and fertilizer synchronization disposable fertilization, quantified irrigation, plant disease and insect pest green prevention and control, mechanized harvesting, straw field returning and thelike. Rice simplified cultivation is achieved, the problems that the rice fertilization frequency is large, topdressing is difficult, and the field operation is tedious are effectively solved, and themethod is green, saves labor and cost, improves the effect, relieves agricultural no-point source pollution and improves the fertilizer using efficiency.

The invention discloses an agricultural non-point source pollution ecological intercepting ditch, which comprises a ditch body with a rectangular section, wherein a plurality of porous hollow bricks are respectively piled up on two side walls of the ditch body, and concrete hollow bricks are distributed at the bottom of the ditch body; a plurality of round holes are formed in the side walls, and a plurality of square holes are formed in the bottom; economic aquatic plants which can absorb non-point source pollutants are planted in the round holes and the square holes at the same time; and overflow dams are sectionally arranged in the ditch body, and the economic aquatic plants which can absorb the non-point source pollutants are planted on the overflow dams. After the structure is adopted, water and soil loss can be prevented, the in-situ growth of the aquatic plants can be kept, and the plants are prevented from blocking a water channel due to extensively spreading to the surrounding for growth; nitrogen and phosphorus of surface runoff can be effectively intercepted, and suspended solids in the surface runoff can be effectively intercepted; and the original farmland drainage ditches are fully utilized. The project cost and maintenance cost are low, the operation and maintenance are simple, and the ecological intercepting ditch is convenient for large-area popularization and application.

The invention discloses a method of reducing farmland nitrogen and phosphorus emissions. The method comprises the following steps that (1) farmland runoffs are determined, and confluence nodes are highlighted; (2) the farmland runoffs are collected and subjected to primary treatment; (3) the farmland runoffs are subjected to purification treatment; (4) the farmland runoffs are subjected to storage adjustment and water purification; and (5) purified water is drained stably. The method of reducing the farmland nitrogen and phosphorus emissions is simple and convenient to implement, and low in operating cost; through modification on the conventional farmland channels and pools and new construction of a part of channels and pools, with the adoption of local water plants with purification functions in the channels and the pools, supplemented by appropriate engineering technological means, the method realizes the effects that agricultural non-point source pollutions, particularly nutritive elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus, are intercepted and removed, and the purposes of controlling the agricultural non-point source pollutions and improving the water environment quality are achieved finally.

The invention provides an ecological restoration system for agricultural non-point source polluted farmland tail water. The system comprises a compound biological purification bed, wherein the compound biological purification bed is sequentially divided into an anaerobic section, an anoxic section and an aerobic section in the horizontal direction; the anaerobic section and the anoxic section are separated by a first partition plate provided with a water flow hole; the anoxic section and the aerobic section are separated by another first partition plate provided with a water flow hole; a height difference is formed between the water inlet and the water outlet of each of the anaerobic section, the anoxic section and the aerobic section; the anaerobic section and the aerobic section are filled with a filler for biofilm formation; the anoxic section is divided into n+1 sections by n guide plates provided with water flow holes; a height difference is formed between the water inlet and the water outlet of each section in the anoxic section; and an aeration pipe is further arranged in the aerobic section. The ecological restoration system achieves the effects of continuous purification process, adjustable biological treatment time, no need of sewage pumping, energy saving and consumption reduction. The compound biological purification bed is combined with other units to form a better ecological restoration system which is formed by sequentially connecting a grassed swale, a desilting basin, a simulated ecological ditch, a bioretention pond, the compound biological purification bed and an ecological system pond. The preferred system is more comprehensive in treatment process and higher in purification efficiency.

The invention provides a method for predicting agricultural non-point source pollution county-scale surface runoff total nitrogen emissions. The method comprises the steps of 1) obtaining county-level administrative division ranges in different zones through the agricultural non-point source pollution occurring zoning, and as for county-level biological chemical detection of a zone, obtaining N-year county-level surface runoff total nitrogen emissions; 2) selecting N-x-year nitrogen emission data affecting the surface runoff total nitrogen emissions, and establishing an N-year surface runoff total nitrogen county-level prediction model; 3) applying the surface runoff total nitrogen county-level prediction model, and through N-year data affecting the surface runoff total nitrogen emissions, obtaining the N+x-year surface runoff total nitrogen emissions. Aimed at the difficult problem that the county-scale agricultural non-point source pollution surface runoff total nitrogen cannot be predicted and based on the agricultural non-point source pollution occurring zoning, the invention establishes the surface runoff total nitrogen emission prediction model, predicts the agricultural surface runoff total nitrogen emissions, and provides technical support for agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control.

The invention discloses a control system of agricultural non-point source pollution based on hedgerows and multilayer percolation ponds. The control system comprises hedgerows, grass ditches, multilayer percolation ponds and denitrification walls, wherein the hedgerows are planted along terrace edges on a sloping field and used for wind prevention and sand fixation and water and soil erosion prevention; the grass ditches are excavated along lower edges of the sloping field and are further used for sediment precipitation and reserved water reuse; the multilayer percolation ponds are arranged between natural water areas and the grass ditches and in parallel with the grass ditches and used for absorbing phosphorus and nitrogen in water overflowing from the grass ditches; and the denitrification walls are arranged outside the natural water areas and on convergence paths of shallow surface water and used for denitrificating nitrate nitrogen in the shallow surface water into nitrogen. According to the control system and a technology of agricultural non-point source pollution based on hedgerows and multilayer percolation ponds, technologies of the hedgerows, grass ditches, multilayer percolation ponds and denitrification walls are combined, and simultaneously, a same surface runoff of non-point source pollution is processed differently in different periods in an actual application process, so that processing loads can be reduced, and nutrient substances and water resources can be recycled.

The invention provides a calculation method of a drainage basin agricultural non-point source pollutant riverway reduction coefficient. The calculation method comprises the following steps: obtaining typical small drainage basin data in a target drainage basin; according to the typical small drainage basin data, constructing a soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) of a typical small drainage basin; according to the SWAT, obtaining the load Load<Lr> of nitrogen and phosphorus, which enter a riverway, of each sub riverway and a contribution rate Load<Lo> of each sub riverway to a water outlet of the riverway in the typical small drainage basin; and according to drainage system data, obtaining the total length Length<Lr> of the riverway in the typical small drainage basin; and according to the Load<Lr>, the Load<Lo> and the Length<Lr>, obtaining a target drainage basin agricultural non-point source pollutant riverway reduction coefficient. The method can simply, accurately and quickly obtain the drainage basin agricultural non-point source pollutant riverway reduction coefficient, is low in cost and can be comprehensively spread on a large scale.

The invention relates to a removable device for producing a biological pesticide fertilizer, particularly relates to a removable device for producing a biological pesticide fertilizer by virtue of high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment of livestock and poultry excrements and belongs to the technical field of bio-fertilizer and equipment required for environment-friendly treatment of livestock and poultry excrements. The system comprises a removable pretreatment unit, a high-temperature fermentation treatment unit and a biological pesticide fertilizer unit which are connected by virtue of a material transmission system. By adopting the device, the nearby treatment of organic wastes, such as crops straws and livestock and poultry excrements accumulated in fields, farms and rural village can be achieved, an organic fertilizer is produced, the nearest returning to field is achieved after treatment, and the device for producing the biological pesticide fertilizer can control agricultural non-point source pollution, protect the environment and recycle the resource.

The invention discloses an ecological interception and blocking system for controlling non-point source pollution of a rice field. The ecological interception and blocking system is characterized by comprising an ecological ditch and a rice field wet land, wherein the ecological ditch consists of ditch side walls and a ditch bottom, the cross section in the width direction of the ditch is a trapezoid with a longer upper side and a shorter bottom side, the ditch walls and the ditch bottom are formed by splicing regularly hexagonal brick holes, ditch body green plants are distributed on the ditch walls, and an emergent aquatic plant is distributed at the ditch bottom; the rice field wet land is constructed at the tail end of a rice field drainage, the soil surface of the rice field wet land is lower than the surface of a normal rice field, rice seedling is planted in the rice field wet land, water flowing through the rice field and the ecological ditch from upstream is used as irrigation water and a fertilizer source. Not only can the plant diversity and ornamental value of the rice field system be enhanced, but also the risk that the rice field can possibly cause agricultural non-point source pollution can be lightened, the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in the rice field can be improved.

The invention discloses a water-fertilizer integrated intelligent accurate control system and a control method thereof, and relates to water-fertilizer control systems in cross application of related information technology, agricultural irrigation and scientific fertilizing technology. The system consists of a monitor (100), a serial conversion module (200), a lower computer (300), an actuating mechanism (400) and a rotation irrigation district (500), which are connected in turn. In the method, water-fertilizer integrated accurate decision control software is mainly operated; the monitor sends a control command through the serial conversion module; the lower computer receives the control command through a shield cable and converts the control command into a logic control sequence; and the actuating mechanism acts according to the logic control sequence in turn to complete watering and fertilization of the rotation irrigation district. The invention is low in cost and high in expansibility and practicability, reflects the development trend of 'accurate irrigation and accurate fertilization', and has practical value for relieving water resource contradiction of China, reducing agricultural non-point pollution and ensuring food security of China.

The invention relates to a method for retarding agricultural non-point source pollution by comprehensively applying biological carbon and a nitrification inhibitor, belongs to the field of agricultural non-point source pollution research, and is dedicated to retarding non-point source pollution caused by nitrogen gas losses and subsequent atmospheric deposition in a paddy field and vegetable field ecosystem. According to the method, the biological carbon and the nitrification inhibitor are applied in fields of a rice-wheat crop rotation rice field and intensive vegetable cultivation ecosystem, therefore emission of gaseous nitrogen, such as N2O and NOx, is effectively reduced, and the atmospheric deposition is reduced to retard the non-point source pollution; the utilization rate and the yield of crops are increased, and nitrate nitrogen content of soil and migration of nitrate nitrogen to a water body are reduced to retard the non-point source pollution. The method is a brand-new, rapid, simple and efficient non-point source pollution retarding method, can be used for a wide variety of agricultural ecosystems, is convenient to operate and easily available in material, can be widely applied to prevention and control research on the agricultural non-point source pollution to paddy fields and vegetable fields, and provides an effective means for deeply researching the agricultural non-point source pollution.

The invention provides an on-line agricultural non-point source pollution monitoring and automatic sampling system and belongs to the field of environmental scientific and farmland ecological research equipment. The system comprises an automatic rainfall amount monitoring subsystem for monitoring rainfall amount and a rainfall process, an automatic flow monitoring subsystem for monitoring agricultural non-point source pollution runoff gathered into a trapezoid weir, an on-line sampling subsystem for obtaining a water sample of the agricultural non-point source pollution runoff from the trapezoid weir, an on-line non-point source pollution index monitoring subsystem for monitoring a preset non-point source pollution index of the agricultural non-point source pollution runoff in the trapezoid weir, a system control and data processing subsystem for acquiring data from the connected subsystem and processing and storing the acquired data, and a solar power supply subsystem which is connected with the system control and data processing subsystem and is used for supplying power to all the subsystems. According to the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the agricultural non-point source pollution charge and a production process thereof can be automatically sampled and monitored.

The invention discloses a rice field nitrogen-phosphorous runoff loss monitoring and early warning device and relates to the technical field of environmental monitoring. The device consists of a sampling detector (1), a monitoring sensor (2), a data processor (3) and a user terminal (4). With respect to the randomness and uncertainty of rice field nitrogen-phosphorous runoff loss, the device disclosed by the invention solves the problem of difficult monitoring of total nitrogen and total phosphorous in rice field drainage, and conducts direct measurement of pH, dissolved oxygen, redox potential, temperature, conductivity, salinity, chlorophyll and suspended solid parameter in rice field drainage runoff as well as indirect measurement of total nitrogen and total phosphorous; moreover, according to real-time early warning of the concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorous, the device realizes real-time monitoring of the rice field drainage water quality and risk early warningof nitrogen-phosphorous loss, and provides a scientific basis for decision making of an environment manager and equipment support for the pollution control on an agricultural non-point source.

The invention discloses a method for improving saline-alkali soil of a coastal mud flat by using a charcoal cushion layer. The method comprises: planning an improvement unit and an improvement district, excavating surface soil of the improvement district to 40-50 cm, laying a charcoal cushion layer in thickness of 10-20 cm, backfilling surface soil, eliminating salt by natural rainfall or drip washing for 3-5 times. The method is simple, and is short in improvement period, and stable in effect, and has no secondary pollution. The use of the charcoal cushion layer effectively controls agricultural non-point source pollution while effectively improves saline-alkali soil, so as to promote improvement of the saline-alkali soil and benign development of agricultural ecology. The method can be applied in improvement of saline-alkali soil of a coastal mud flat, and improved soil can be used for planting rice, wheat, or saline-alkali resource plants.

The invention provides an estimation method for load of watershed agricultural non-point source pollutants into a lake. The estimation method includes acquiring data of a typical small watershed in a target watershed, creating a SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) of the typical small watershed, and acquiring LoadLr and LoadLo in the typical small watershed according to the SWAT; acquiring planting industry source, livestock and poultry industry source, aquaculture industry source and rural life source pollutant producing and discharging coefficients of each sub watershed of the typical small watershed, and combining basic information survey data to acquire LoadLs in the typical small watershed; acquiring target watershed agricultural non-point source pollutant ditch reduction factor Factorcr according to the LoadLs and the LoadLr; acquiring LengthLr according to water system data; acquiring target watershed agricultural non-point source pollutant riverway reduction factor Factorrr according to the LoadLr, the LoadLo and the LengthLr; acquiring target watershed agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus discharge load and the total length LengthBr of an inner riverway of the target watershed; acquiring the load of the target watershed agricultural non-point source pollutants into the lake according to the target watershed agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus discharge load, the Factorcr, the Factorrr and the LengthBr. By the method, the total load of the watershed agricultural non-point source pollutants into the lake can be acquired simply, accurately and rapidly, cost is low and large-scale comprehensive implementation is achieved.

The invention discloses a method and a device for treating agricultural non-point source pollution. The method comprises the following steps: dividing a preset area into a plurality of basin basic measurement and calculation units; classifying the plurality of basin basic measurement and calculation units to obtain a plurality of basin type regions; selecting a typical drainage basin basic calculation unit from each drainage basin type area; establishing a pollutant type corresponding to the typical unit of each basin type area, a plurality of factors and a relationship of natural elements corresponding to each factor; obtaining a non-point source pollutant river entry coefficient corresponding to each drainage basin type area according to the plurality of factors of each drainage basin type area and the relationship; and determining the pollutant load capacity according to the coefficient so as to treat the non-point source pollution. According to the method, the pollutant load capacity can be scientifically and accurately determined nationwide through the obtained agricultural non-point source pollution river entry coefficient, so that the influence of the non-point source pollution on the water environment can be accurately determined, the non-point source pollution can be effectively treated, and the method has scientific guiding significance for improving the environment.

The invention discloses an agricultural non-point source pollution conditioning agent and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of an agricultural fertilizer. The method is characterized in that the agricultural non-point source pollution conditioning agent is obtained by using rice stalk biomass charcoal, dry sheep manure and polyacrylamide as major materials and using calcium carbonate, zeolite powder and EDTA-chelate iron as regulating agents through mixed fermentation and drying. The adsorption effect of charcoal and the zeolite powder on soil nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metal ions and the like is fully utilized; through the PAM bridging effect, the charcoal and sheep manure particle bonding and large-pore structure is manufactured; the specific surface area of the charcoal micropore structure is enhanced; through chelate iron and calcium carbonate, the surface functional group of the charcoal is enriched, so that the adsorption effect is further reinforced; meanwhile, the product contains higher nutrient substances; a slow release effect is achieved; the soil nutrient substance loss cannot be caused. The product can be used for preventing, controlling and conditioning the loss of farmland elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus, can be used for heavy metal polluted soil restoration and can also be used as a compound organic fertilizer.

Rice is the main crop in china, and the rice growing is the first farming. However, with the water consumption accounting for a half of national freshwater resource, the rice is the first water consumer, and the water utilization ratio is low. The phenomenon is described as one kilo of grain requiring one ton of water. Since the 1970s, the rice growing has been a typical example of agricultural non-point source pollution because of high production pursuance, and luxurious and random application of fertilizers and pesticides. For the food and etiological security, the rice growing must be reformed. With the reform of rice growing technology as a target, an ''irrigation paddy 'wheat planting type' high rice production wet planting method'' is invented. The invention comprises: (1) a soil fertility biological repair technology which integrates the soil utilization with the maintenance of soil fertility, with the paddy fertilization and crop rotation as the basis, (2) a direct sowing technology with seeding keeping, weeding and falling prevention technology as the basis, and (3) a novel water-saving rice growing irrigating system, that is, seeding in the wet soil, cultivating the root in a dry tube, developing ear in the ditch water and preventing the weakness in the dry and the wet environment, with physiological water requirement of the rice as the basis. The invention has the specific effects of saving the cost by 10 percent, saving the water by 40 percent, and achieving the stable production of 500Kg/mu, and has other ecological benefits.

The invention discloses a method for building farmland nitrogen phosphorus ecological interception ditch plant community by taking Phalaris canariensis as dominant species and relative cultivating technologies, belonging to the technical field of agricultural non-point pollution control, water environment management and the like. The method provides a series of technical measures about seed collection and storage, seeding, running of water full of fertilizer, wintering management, cutting harvest and the like. The application of the technology can effectively solve the problem that the present ecologic interception ditch has unsmooth drainage in rain season caused by the unreseanable plant community structure, the interception ditch built according to the method is full of green in four seasons, and the removing efficiencies of the nitrogen and the phosphorus respectively increase 10.2% and 6.8% in comparison with the present ecologic interception ditch; in addition, new Phalaris canariensis feeding stuff can be obtained in 12.6kg/m<2>; therefore, the invention has higher environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit.

The invention relates to a determination method for the maximum allowable input quantity of a nitrorgenous fertilizer in a watershed scale. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a typical research region; (2) constructing a model of non-point source pollution of the typical research region and carrying out simulation verification; (3) establishing a response relationship between the input quantity of the nitrorgenous fertilizer and the output concentration of the nitrorgenous fertilizer; (4) affirmatively ensuring a safe total nitrogen concentration limiting value of quality of surface water in a target research region according to environmental planning and environmental partitioning water quality demands of the target research region; and (5) determining the maximum allowable input quantity of the nitrorgenous fertilizer of the target research region. The method provided by the invention has a very good application prospect in the technical field of prevention and control management of agricultural non-point source pollution in the watershed scale.