138results about How to "Rich surface functional groups" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of nanomaterials and particularly relates to a doped carbon dot and graphene compound as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps as follows: lipoic acid, ethylenediamine, phytic acid and the like are used as mixed element precursors to be dissolved in deionized water and uniformly mixed, and doped carbon dots are obtained through a hydrothermal reaction in a reaction kettle; the carbon dots are added to a graphene oxide aqueous solution to be subjected to a hydrothermal reaction, then washing and drying are performed, and the doped carbon dot and graphene compound is obtained. The electro-catalysis effect best for oxygen reduction can be obtained by adjusting the type of mixed elements in the carbon dots and the proportion of the carbon dots to graphene. The preparation method is simple and easy to implement and low in cost; the chemical and physical properties of the obtained material are stable, a representative nitrogen and sulfur double-doped carbon dot-graphene composite can realize the four-electron transfer process for oxygen reduction, the reduction overpotential is obviously smaller than that of single-doped samples and other doped samples, and the material can be applied to electro-catalysis of oxygen reduction reactions on cathodes of fuel cells.

The invention provides modified biochar, a preparation method and application thereof. According to the modified biochar, biomass is used as a raw material, and is subjected to carbonization pyrolysisthrough mixing modification with potassium permanganate and ferric chloride to prepare iron-manganese oxide loaded biochar, and the biochar is modified with chitosan to obtain the modified biochar, wherein the raw material is one of straw, rice straw, rice husk, peanut shell, corncob, camellia oleifera shell and cottonseed hull. According to the invention, the prepared modified biochar is large in specific surface area, developed in pore and multiple in surface oxygen-containing functional groups; the modified biochar is applied to treatment of heavy metal organic matter contaminated soil, onthe basis of promoting adsorption of heavy metal and organic matter in the contaminated soil, a good solidification and stabilization effect can be achieved on the heavy metal organic matter; and themodified biochar material can stably exist in the soil for a long time, and has long-term restoration.

The invention discloses a high-capacity boron affinity separation material. According to the material, surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and terminal modification technologies are combined, alkene compounds containing phenylboronic acid serve as monomers to be polymerized on solid matrix surfaces, and phenylboronic acid containing alkynyl is used for polymer chain end functionalization through click chemistry, and accordingly, the separation materials containing high-density phenylboronic acid groups are obtained. The separation material is high in absorption capacity and specificity and has the advantages of being few in use material and high in recovery rate and sensitivity when being used for separating and gathering cis dihydroxylation substances. (img file= 'dest_path_image001. TIF' wi= '468' he= '224'/).

The invention discloses a method for preparing biochar by using blue algae, which comprises the following steps: 1. preparing raw materials; 2. freeze-dry; 3. carbonization; 4. granulation. Biochar prepared by utilizing that method for preparing biochar from blue algae of the present invention is a carbon-rich solid by-product remaining after pyrolysis of biomass in an anaerobic or hypoxic state.Because of its high carbon content, well-developed pore structure and good corrosion resistance, it can retain water, nutrients, adsorb organic matter, heavy metals and other pollutants, and is an ideal soil improver and adsorbent, and can slow down greenhouse benefit, improve soil, increase crop yield and reduce environmental pollution. Biochar is an ideal adsorbent because of its well-developedpore structure and abundant surface functional groups, which can remove organic matter and heavy metals, especially heavy metals.

The invention discloses iron oxide loaded biomass carbonized microspheres and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method includes following steps: adding iron salt into a boiling cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution; using a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust pH; adding coconut shell which is frozen, ground and screened by a 100-mesh sieve, stirring for evaporation, and drying at constant temperature; performing hydrothermal carbonization in a zinc acetate solution to obtain the iron oxide loaded carbonized microspheres. The preparation method is simple in process and simple and convenient to operate, the carbonized microspheres are low in cost, stable in physiochemical property, good in performance of adsorbing lead and cadmium in wastewater and free of secondary pollution, and removal rate can reach higher than 92% when the carbonized microspheres are used for treating wastewater containing cadmium ions or lead ions of below 20mg/L.

The invention discloses a peptide dentritic macromolecular drug and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of biomedicine. The drug comprises a peptide dentritic macromolecular skeleton, and terminal-group functionalized groups. The biological activity of the drug is ensured through the terminal-group functionalized groups; and the periphery of the peptide dentritic macromolecular drug can be grafted with a lot of terminal-group functionalized groups, so that the biological effect of the terminal-group functionalized groups is effectively amplified by the amplification effect of dendritic macromolecules. The drug has an accurate molecular structure and abundant surface functional groups, is good in water solubility, and also has the biological characteristics of being similar to globulin, easy to be taken in by cells and the like; the biological effect of the peptide dentritic macromolecules is enriched; and the development of peptide drugs is promoted. The preparation method is simple in technology; and the structure of the peptide dentritic macromolecular drug is accurately controlled by controlling preparation of various raw materials.

The invention discloses a method for reducing the bioavailability of soil with combined heavy metal pollution. The method comprises the following steps: subjecting the soil with combined heavy metal pollution to air drying, sieving and preservation; with agricultural and forestry residues as raw materials, preparing biochar particles, and carrying out crushing, screening, air drying or stoving, and preservation; mixing the screened dried biochar particles and the soil with combined heavy metal pollution in a weight ratio of 1: 20 to 1: 100 under stirring, adding distilled water to allow the water content of the obtained mixture to reach 50 to 70% of field moisture capacity, and subjecting the mixture to standing for 5 to 7 days to allow the mixture to be fully decomposed so as to prepare achar-soil mixture with combined heavy metal pollution; and transplanting tobacco seedlings into the char-soil mixture by using a well cellar seedling transplanting method, uniformly filling the wellcellar with the mixture and allowing the growing points of the tobacco seedlings to main exposed. The method provided by the invention substantially reduces the available contents of Cd and Pb in thesoil with combined heavy metal pollution and lower absorption and enrichment of the heavy metals Cd and Pb by the roots, stems and leaves of crops; and the method has the advantages of low cost, highefficiency, simple operation and easy promotion and application.

The invention discloses a remediator for restoration of heavy metal contaminated soil. The remediator is prepared from the following ingredients in parts by weight: 30 to 60 parts of biomass charcoal, 2 to 7 parts of calcium carbonate, 3 to 6 parts of dolomite, 4 to 6 parts of bentonite, 2 to 5 parts of wood vinegar and 0.2 to 1 part of trichoderma. The invention also discloses a restoration method for heavy metal contaminated soil, comprising the following steps of adding the remediator to the heavy metal contaminated soil after the soil is turned over; planting rape in the soil; detecting physical and chemical properties of the soil after harvesting the rape until the rape reaching the harvest period; and repeating the above procedure until the physical and chemical properties of the soil meet the requirements. Soil fertility is improved greatly and the degree of heavy metal pollution is reduced through the method of combining the prepared remediator for restoration of heavy metal contaminated soil with the rape cultivation. Meanwhile, the method is easy to operate and low in cost.

The invention provides a compound material used for hexavalent chromium removal and a preparation method thereof. The compound material is prepared from charcoal and magnetic ferriferrous sulfide loaded onto a charcoal matrix; the preparation method comprises the steps that through a pyrolysis and calcination method, rice hull is used as a raw material to prepare the charcoal; the charcoal is immersed in a solution containing ferrous sulfate, L-cysteine is used as a sulfur source, ethylene glycol is used as a solvent, and through a solvothermal method, the magnetic charcoal/ferriferrous sulfide compound material is synthesized in one step; application comprises the steps that the compound material is added into hexavalent chromium wastewater with a concentration of 20 mg/L, the usage amount of the compound material is 0.2-1.0 g/L, and after oscillatory reaction is carried out for a period of time at 25 DEG C, a magnet is used for separating the compound material and the solution, so that hexavalent chromium ions in the wastewater are removed. The compound material used for hexavalent chromium removal and the preparation method thereof have the advantages that the compound materialpreparation method is simple, low in cost, environmentally friendly and high in efficiency of removing the hexavalent chromium ions in the wastewater and the like.

The invention provides a method for preparing blue emission carbon quantum dots. According to the method, carbon quantum dots are synthesized by a microwave method, and dehydration-condensation reaction generated under the microwave effect between amino acid and ethylene glycol is utilized to form carbon quantum dots. The method is a one-step preparation method, is quick, efficient and simple. Furthermore, the invention further develops application of the blue emission carbon quantum dots in oneness detection of antibiotics, and provides a novel method for quantitatively detecting metronidazole. The aim of quantitative detection can be achieved by utilizing optical sensing between metronidazole and carbon quantum dots, and the method is quicker, simpler, more convenient and more intuitive than other methods.

The invention discloses a modification method and application of activated carbon. The modification method of the activated carbon comprises the following steps of S1, subjecting the activated carbon to drying treatment; S2, introducing a gas into an atmospheric-pressure low-temperature plasma device according to a gas flow rate of 1cc/min to 200cc/min, sending the activated carbon subjected to the drying treatment into the plasma device, making the activated carbon located at an ejection outlet of the low-temperature plasma device, controlling the movement speed of the ejection outlet of the plasma device to be 0mm/s to 30mm/s, and carrying out treatment for 0.5min to 30min, so as to subsequently obtain modified activated carbon. According to the modification method, the modification of the activated carbon through spark discharge is realized through a physical way; the specific surface area of the activated carbon is obviously increased; further, surface functional groups are also more abundant. The modification process is simple and convenient; the efficiency is high; further, no pollutants are generated.

The invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment and particularly relates to a copper-cerium co-doped magnetic composite material, a preparation method thereof and application of the material in water body arsenic removal. Iron salt, copper salt and cerium salt serve as the raw materials, sodium acetate serves as an alkaline source, ethylene glycol serves as a solvent, and the copper-cerium co-doped magnetic composite material is synthesized through the solvothermal method. Dual-metal doped magnetic composite materials with different sizes and specific surface areas are obtained by regulating the molar ratio of doped copper metal to cerium metal salt. The preparation method has the advantages of being low in cost, simple in process, excellent in arsenic adsorption, capable of achieving magnetic separation easily and the like, and plays an important role in solving arsenic pollution in water bodies.

The invention discloses biocharcoal-based slow release fertilizer. The biocharcoal-based slow release fertilizer is prepared from biocharcoal and chemical fertilizer with the mass ratio being 20:(5 to10). The biocharcoal-based slow release fertilizer disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that agricultural and forest wastes such as straws with wide distribution, large yield and lowcost are adopted as biomass, has rich pore channels, is easily decomposed, is not deteriorated after being absorbed, is wear-resistant, and also has excellent adsorbing and ion-exchange properties, the fertility, the structure and microorganisms and the like of soil can be effectively improved, and the soil quality can be improved; shown from the cumulative released amount of nitrogen of the biocharcoal-based slow release fertilizer in water, the cumulative released amount of the nitrogen in 480 hours is about 80%, i.e., the cumulative released amount of nitrogen nutrients in 20 days is 80%.The invention also discloses a preparation method of the biocharcoal-based slow release fertilizer. The preparation method adopts a hydrothermal method to prepare the biocharcoal-based slow release fertilizer, the technology is manure, the operation is convenient, simple and easy, low cost, less investment and low energy consumption are achieved, and an economic and feasible technical means is provided for large-scale application of the biocharcoal-based slow release fertilizer.

The invention discloses a method for adsorbing and removing fatty acid in wastewater by utilizing polyaluminium chloride modified graphene oxide. The method comprises the following steps: preparing graphene oxide suspension liquid by using natural graphite as a raw material and using a Hummer method; adding a certain amount of polyaluminium chloride solution into the graphene oxide suspension liquid, and evenly mixing to obtain polyaluminium chloride modified graphene oxide suspension liquid; evenly mixing the polyaluminium chloride modified graphene oxide suspension liquid with the wastewater in a certain volume ratio, and oscillating to obtain the graphene oxide suspension liquid adsorbing the fatty acid; simultaneously converting graphene oxide into floccules; filtering to obtain purified water in which the fatty acid is removed and the graphene oxide after adsorption reaction. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the graphene oxide is modified by utilizing the polyaluminium chloride, so that negative charge of the surface of the graphene oxide is changed into positive charge; through electrostatic adsorption and chemical adsorption, the adsorption volume of the graphene oxide adsorbent on the fatty acid is improved; through a flocculation effect of the polyaluminium chloride, the solid-liquid separation efficiency of the graphene oxide adsorbent is greatly improved.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of magnetic activated carbon, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1, washing, drying and cutting cotton textile waste into pieces to obtain a waste sample; 2, dissolving ferrous chloride in ethyl alcohol to obtain an ethyl alcohol-ferrous chloride solution; 3, placing the waste sample in an ethanol-ferrous chloride solution for sealed impregnation, then moving out the waste sample, and drying the waste sample to obtain an impregnated sample; 4, placing the impregnated sample in nitrogen for pyrolysis, cooling the pyrolyzed product to room temperature, and taking out the pyrolyzed product to obtain a pyrolysis sample; and 5, placing the pyrolysis sample in a hydrochloric acid solution, heating and boilingthe solution, moving out the pyrolysis sample, cleaning the pyrolysis sample, and drying the pyrolysis sample to obtain the magnetic activated carbon. The magnetic activated carbon is used for adsorbing and removing hexavalent chromium in an aqueous solution. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the utilization efficiency of the activating agent is improved, and meanwhile, the magnetic activated carbon with stable magnetism can be prepared through one-step pyrolysis, synchronous carbonization and activation and magnetization, so that the preparation cost is reduced,and the preparation process is simplified.

The invention belongs to the technical field of harmless treatment of sludge and livestock and poultry manure, and relates to a method and a device for cooperative treatment of sludge and livestock and poultry manure. The method for cooperative treatment of sludge and livestock and poultry manure comprises the following steps of: uniformly mixing sludge and biogas residues, adding high-temperature red-hot biochar for thermal conditioning, performing mechanical filter-pressing dehydration, mixing a filter-pressing solid phase with livestock and poultry manure subjected to aerobic composting and self-heating drying, sequentially performing pyrolysis carbonization and pyrolysis activation, using one part of the high-temperature red-hot biochar generated by pyrolysis activation for thermal conditioning, and cooling the other part of the high-temperature red-hot biochar to obtain high-quality biochar. According to the method and the device provided by the invention, the dehydration difficulty of the sludge and the livestock and poultry manure can be improved, resources are fully utilized, and the quality of the biochar obtained by pyrolysis is relatively high.

The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials and relates to aluminizer adhesive layer resin containing graphene oxide and a preparation method thereof. The aluminizer adhesive layer resin containing the graphene oxide comprises 25-40 parts of acrylic resin, 5-15 parts of other resin, 8-20 parts of silica powder, 1-10 parts of graphene oxide, 0.5-1.0 part of addition agent and 40-70 parts of solvent. The invention further discloses the preparation method of the aluminizer adhesive layer resin. According to the aluminizer adhesive layer resin, the graphene oxide (GO) is creatively introduced into the aluminizer adhesive layer resin, and a series of adhesive layer resin of different material feeding ratios is obtained through a physical blending mode. The graphene oxide is a novel carbon material of great performances, the graphene oxide is high in specific surface area and has sufficient surface functional groups, and currently the graphene oxide is widely applied to the preparation of polymer composite materials. In addition, it is easier for the GO to disperse in modified materials on account of a single layer flake structure of the GO, and the advantages of the aluminizer adhesive layer resin can provide new ideas for improving the thermoprint performance of the aluminizer adhesive layer resin.

The invention relates to a lithium ion battery positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof, the positive electrode material is a Ti3C2 MXene coated lithium manganese iron phosphate material, and the Ti3C2 MXene is uniformly coated on the surfaces of lithium manganese iron phosphate nanoparticles to form a conductive network. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a phosphorus source and a lithium source into a deionized water/PEG solution to form a suspension A, adding a manganese source, an iron source, an antioxidant and Ti3C2 MXene into the deionized water to form a suspension B, dropwise adding the suspension B into the suspension A under a continuous stirring condition to form a mixed solution, transferring the mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, preserving heat, and drying to obtain the Ti3C2 MXene/phosphorus dioxide composite material. And after the reaction is completed, centrifugally separating out a product, washing, drying and sintering. According to the invention, Ti3C2 MXene is used for carrying out surface coating on the lithium manganese iron phosphate material, so that the ion and electron transmission capability and the structural stability of the lithium manganese iron phosphate material are effectively improved, and the lithium manganese iron phosphate material is very suitable for being used as a high-energy and high-power-density lithium ion battery positive electrode material.

The invention discloses a dual-emission-ratio fluorescent carbon dot as well as a preparation method and application thereof. According to the preparation method of the dual-emission-ratio fluorescent carbon dots, sodium alginate and glutathione are subjected to hydrothermal carbonization or solvothermal carbonization to prepare the dual-emission-ratio fluorescent carbon dots. The method is simple and easy to operate, low in cost and good in repeatability. The excitation wavelength of the prepared carbon dots is 420 nm, and the dual emission wavelengths are 480 nm and 650 nm respectively. In addition, the dual-emission-ratio fluorescent carbon dots are high in light stability, good in water solubility, low in cytotoxicity, good in biocompatibility, capable of being used for specific detection of Fe 3+, good in selectivity and high in sensitivity; so that the fluorescent carbon dot can be used for sensitive detection of Fe 3+ in environmental water such as tap water.