Gravity red shift inspection method and system based on high-orbit satellite

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of satellites, in particular to a gravitational red shift inspection method and system based on a high-orbit satellite.The method comprises the steps that the high-orbit satellite and a ground station are provided with the same atomic clock; acquiring a time-frequency signal emitted by the high-orbit satellite by taking the atomic clock as a frequency source, analyzing the time-frequency signal to determine the operation rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite, and calculating actual gravitational red shift according to the operation rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite and the operation rate of the atomic clock on the ground station; acquiring geographic position information of a high-orbit satellite by using a positioning system, calculating a gravitational potential difference according to the geographic position information of the ground station and the geographic position information of the high-orbit satellite, and calculating theoretical gravitational red shift according to the gravitational potential difference; and verifying the theoretical gravitational red shift by using the actual gravitational red shift. Therefore, the problems that on the earth, the gravitational field is relatively weak, the gravitational red shift effect is small, and the measurement difficulty is large are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of satellite technology, and in particular to a gravitational redshift detection method and system based on a high-orbit satellite. Background Art

[0002] Satellite navigation systems, such as GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), are an integral part of modern society and are used for a variety of applications including precision navigation, time synchronization, communications and scientific research. GNSS systems use a series of satellites orbiting the Earth that transmit signals that allow a receiver to determine its position and time by measuring the signal propagation time.

[0003] However, high-precision navigation and positioning require more accurate time measurements and more accurate satellite orbit predictions. At the same time, research in the field of Earth sciences also requires more precise measurements of gravitational fields, which can also be used to detect the gravitational redshift effect. Detecting gravitational redshift is a way to verify Einstein's general theory of relativity. General relativity predicts that in a strong gravitational field, the light signals emitted by an object will experience a frequency shift, known as gravitational redshift. By measuring gravitational redshift, scientists can verify the accuracy of general relativity. Therefore, measuring gravitational redshift is crucial to understanding the properties of the gravitational field. However, on Earth, because the gravitational field is relatively weak, the effect of gravitational redshift is small, and high-precision measurement tools are required for reliable measurements. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a gravitational redshift detection method and system based on a high-orbit satellite to solve the problem that the gravitational field on Earth is relatively weak, the effect of gravitational redshift is small, and the measurement is difficult.

[0005] The first aspect of the present application provides a gravitational redshift verification method based on a high-orbit satellite, comprising the following steps: equipping the high-orbit satellite and the ground station with the same atomic clock; acquiring the time-frequency signal emitted by the high-orbit satellite with the atomic clock as the frequency source, parsing the time-frequency signal to determine the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite, and calculating the actual gravitational redshift according to the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite and the operating rate of the atomic clock on the ground station; acquiring the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite by using a positioning system, calculating the gravitational potential difference according to the geographical location information of the ground station and the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite, and calculating the theoretical gravitational redshift according to the gravitational potential difference; and verifying the theoretical gravitational redshift using the actual gravitational redshift.

[0006] Optionally, before equipping the high-orbit satellite and the ground station with the same atomic clock, the method further includes: equipping the high-orbit satellite and the ground station with the same environmental operation system to calibrate the atomic clock.

[0007] Optionally, the high-orbit satellite is equipped with a signal transmitting device, a transmission cable, a power distributor, a power amplifier and an environmental operating system, wherein the signal transmitting device is used to transmit time and frequency signals, and the environmental operating system provides an operating environment for the atomic clock.

[0008] Optionally, the signal transmitting device allows the transmission of signals of multiple frequencies, and generates a time-frequency signal by modulating the second pulse signal of the atomic clock.

[0009] Optionally, the positioning system includes a global satellite navigation system and an inertial navigation system, wherein the global satellite navigation system uses signals transmitted by a group of satellites to calculate the position, speed and direction of the satellite, and the inertial navigation system uses accelerometers and gyroscopes to measure the acceleration and attitude changes of the satellite, and estimates the position and direction of the satellite based on the acceleration and attitude changes.

[0010] Optionally, the ground station measures the satellite's position, attitude, velocity and acceleration, and provides the satellite's ephemeris information.

[0011] Optionally, the ground station measures atmospheric elements and corrects the tropospheric delay and ionospheric delay in the experiment according to the atmospheric elements.

[0012] Optionally, the high-orbit satellite is a satellite whose orbit altitude is greater than a preset altitude, and the atomic clock includes a hydrogen atomic clock or an optical clock.

[0013] Optionally, after calculating the actual gravitational redshift according to the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite and the operating rate of the atomic clock on the ground station, the method further includes: using the actual gravitational redshift for at least one application, wherein the at least one application includes at least one of the following: using the actual gravitational redshift to calculate the gravity field at different locations; using the actual gravitational redshift for navigation and positioning; using the actual gravitational redshift to verify the time performance of the atomic clock. Using the actual gravitational redshift to study the changes in the earth's crust.

[0014] The second aspect of the present application provides a gravitational redshift verification system based on a high-orbit satellite, including: a high-orbit satellite, a time-frequency signal emitted by an atomic clock as a frequency source; a ground station, the ground station is equipped with the same atomic clock as the high-orbit satellite, and the time-frequency signal is analyzed to determine the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite, and the actual gravitational redshift is calculated according to the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite and the operating rate of the atomic clock on the ground station; the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite is obtained by using a positioning system, the gravitational position difference is calculated according to the geographical location information of the ground station and the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite, and the theoretical gravitational redshift is calculated according to the gravitational position difference; the theoretical gravitational redshift is verified using the actual gravitational redshift.

[0015] Therefore, this application includes the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The embodiment of the present application equips the high-orbit satellite and the ground station with the same atomic clock, obtains the time-frequency signal emitted by the high-orbit satellite using the atomic clock as the frequency source, and analyzes the time-frequency signal to determine the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite, and then calculates the actual gravitational redshift based on the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite and the operating rate of the atomic clock on the ground station, obtains the geographical location information of the ground station and the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite to calculate the gravitational potential difference, and finally calculates the theoretical gravitational redshift based on the gravitational potential difference. Thus, high-precision gravitational redshift can be performed. As a result, the problem that the gravitational field is relatively weak on Earth, the effect of gravitational redshift is small, and the measurement difficulty is high is solved.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become apparent from the description below, or will be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0019] Figure 1 A flowchart of a gravitational redshift verification method based on a high-orbit satellite provided according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 A flow chart of gravitational redshift detection performed by a high-orbit satellite gravitational redshift detection system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the principle of gravitational redshift detection by a high-orbit satellite gravitational redshift detection system provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 This is an example diagram of a gravitational redshift verification system based on a high-orbit satellite provided according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0024] The following describes the gravitational redshift verification method and system based on a high-orbit satellite of an embodiment of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings. In view of the problem mentioned in the above background technology that the gravitational field on the earth is relatively weak, the effect of gravitational redshift is small, and the measurement is difficult, the present application provides a gravitational redshift verification method based on a high-orbit satellite. In this method, by equipping the high-orbit satellite and the ground station with the same atomic clock, the time-frequency signal emitted by the high-orbit satellite with the atomic clock as the frequency source is obtained, and the time-frequency signal is analyzed to determine the running speed of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite, and then the actual gravitational redshift is calculated according to the running speed of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite and the running speed of the atomic clock on the ground station, the geographical location information of the ground station and the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite are obtained to calculate the gravitational position difference, and finally the theoretical gravitational redshift is calculated according to the gravitational position difference. Thus, high-precision gravitational redshift can be performed. As a result, the problem that the gravitational field on the earth is relatively weak, the effect of gravitational redshift is small, and the measurement is difficult is solved.

[0025] Specifically, Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a gravitational redshift verification method based on a high-orbit satellite provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the gravitational redshift verification method based on a high-orbit satellite includes the following steps:

[0027] In step S101, the high-orbit satellite and the ground station are equipped with the same atomic clock.

[0028] In an embodiment of the present application, a high-orbit satellite is a satellite whose orbit altitude is greater than a preset altitude, and the atomic clock includes a hydrogen atomic clock or an optical clock.

[0029] The preset altitude is the orbital altitude of the high-orbit satellite that meets the actual needs, which is generally 20,000 kilometers and is not specifically limited here; the atomic clock is a high-precision atomic clock, which can be a hydrogen atomic clock or an optical clock, and the frequency stability reaches 1×10 -16 / day or more, and the continuous operation time can reach more than 7 days.

[0030] It is understandable that the orbital altitude of the high-orbit satellite in the embodiment of the present application needs to be greater than the preset altitude, generally greater than 20,000 kilometers, to ensure that the satellite is far enough from the earth. The atomic clock is a high-precision atomic clock, which can be a hydrogen atomic clock or an optical clock, and the frequency stability needs to reach 1×10 -16 / day or more, and the continuous operation time reaches more than 7 days.

[0031] In an embodiment of the present application, before the high-orbit satellite and the ground station are equipped with the same atomic clock, it also includes: equipping the high-orbit satellite and the ground station with the same environmental operating system to calibrate the atomic clock.

[0032] Among them, the environmental operation system has functions such as constant temperature, constant humidity, and radiation shielding to maintain the stability of the atomic clock operation.

[0033] It can be understood that the embodiment of the present application is equipped with the same environmental operating system in the high-orbit satellite and the ground station, which has functions such as constant temperature, constant humidity, and radiation shielding to maintain the stability of the atomic clock operation. Before the formal experiment, the atomic clock is calibrated to ensure the accuracy of the atomic clock.

[0034] In an embodiment of the present application, the high-orbit satellite is configured with a signal transmitting device, a transmission cable, a power distributor, a power amplifier and an environmental operating system, wherein the signal transmitting device is used to transmit time and frequency signals, and the environmental operating system provides an operating environment for the atomic clock.

[0035] It can be understood that the high-orbit satellite of the embodiment of the present application is configured with a signal transmitting device, a transmission cable, a power distributor, a power amplifier and an environmental operating system suitable for the operation of an atomic clock. The signal transmitting device is used to transmit time and frequency signals, and the environmental operating system provides an operating environment for the atomic clock to ensure the reliability of signal transmission.

[0036] In the embodiment of the present application, the signal transmitting device allows the transmission of signals of multiple frequencies, and generates a time-frequency signal by modulating the second pulse signal of the atomic clock.

[0037] Among them, the signal transmitting device needs to be able to transmit signals of two frequencies to eliminate the influence of ionospheric delay errors.

[0038] It can be understood that in order to eliminate the influence of ionospheric delay error, the signal transmitting device in the embodiment of the present application allows the transmission of signals of multiple frequencies, and modulates the second pulse signal of the atomic clock to generate a time-frequency signal to ensure the accuracy of the transmission frequency.

[0039] In step S102, a time-frequency signal emitted by a high-orbit satellite using an atomic clock as a frequency source is obtained, the time-frequency signal is analyzed to determine the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite, and the actual gravitational redshift is calculated based on the operating rates of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite and the atomic clock on the ground station.

[0040] Among them, the time-frequency signals emitted by high-orbit satellites with atomic clocks as frequency sources are obtained and analyzed through ground stations; according to the general theory of relativity, a stronger gravitational field will cause time to pass more slowly. Therefore, by comparing the running speed of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite and the running speed of the atomic clock on the ground station, the actual gravitational redshift can be calculated.

[0041] It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application can obtain and analyze the time-frequency signals emitted by the high-orbit satellite with the atomic clock as the frequency source through the ground station. The received time-frequency signals contain time and frequency information. The ground station can parse this information to determine the operating rate of the atomic clock on the satellite. At the same time, by comparing the operating rate difference between the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite and the atomic clock on the ground station, the actual gravitational redshift can be calculated.

[0042] In step S103, the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite is obtained by using the positioning system, the gravitational potential difference is calculated according to the geographical location information of the ground station and the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite, and the theoretical gravitational redshift is calculated according to the gravitational potential difference.

[0043] Among them, gravitational potential difference is the difference in gravitational potential energy between two different positions.

[0044] It can be understood that the embodiment of the present application first uses the positioning system to obtain the precise geographic location information of the high-orbit satellite and the ground station, calculates the gravitational potential difference between the two based on the geographic coordinates of the two locations, and calculates the theoretical gravitational redshift based on the obtained gravitational potential difference value.

[0045] In an embodiment of the present application, the positioning system includes a global satellite navigation system and an inertial navigation system, wherein the global satellite navigation system uses signals transmitted by a group of satellites to calculate the position, speed and direction of the satellite, and the inertial navigation system uses accelerometers and gyroscopes to measure the acceleration and attitude changes of the satellite, and estimates the position and direction of the satellite based on the acceleration and attitude changes.

[0046] Among them, the global satellite navigation system is a positioning technology based on a group of satellite networks orbiting the earth, including the United States' GPS, Russia's GLONASS, the European Union's Galileo and China's Beidou; the inertial navigation system is an autonomous navigation system that does not rely on external signal sources and can estimate the position, speed and direction of objects.

[0047] It can be understood that the positioning system of the embodiment of the present application includes a global satellite navigation system and an inertial navigation system. The global satellite navigation system uses the signals transmitted by a group of satellites to calculate the specific coordinates, speed and direction of travel of the satellite relative to the earth's surface through precise time differences. At the same time, the inertial navigation system uses accelerometers and gyroscopes installed on the satellite to continuously monitor its own acceleration and attitude changes, and estimates the position and direction of the satellite based on the acceleration and attitude changes. This combination not only improves the positioning accuracy, but also enhances the reliability and robustness of the system.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present application, the ground station measures the satellite position, attitude, velocity and acceleration, and provides the satellite's ephemeris information.

[0049] Among them, attitude refers to the direction of the satellite relative to a reference frame, which is described by three angles: pitch, roll and yaw; ephemeris information is time series data containing orbital parameters such as the satellite's expected position and speed in the future.

[0050] It can be understood that the ground station of the embodiment of the present application can measure the satellite position, attitude, speed and acceleration, and provide the satellite's ephemeris information to obtain time series data of the satellite's orbital parameters such as the expected position and speed in the future.

[0051] In an embodiment of the present application, a ground station measures atmospheric elements and corrects tropospheric delay and ionospheric delay in the experiment based on the atmospheric elements.

[0052] Among them, atmospheric factors refer to the atmospheric conditions that affect the propagation of radio waves, including parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure and electron density; tropospheric delay refers to the phenomenon that the propagation speed of radio waves is slowed down due to water vapor and other components in the air when the radio waves pass through the troposphere near the surface; ionospheric delay refers to the extension of the propagation path caused by the presence of free electrons when the radio waves pass through the ionosphere in the upper atmosphere.

[0053] It can be understood that the ground station of the embodiment of the present application can measure atmospheric elements, and correct the tropospheric delay and ionospheric delay phenomena in the experiment according to the data of the atmospheric elements to ensure the accuracy of the data.

[0054] In an embodiment of the present application, after calculating the actual gravitational redshift based on the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite and the operating rate of the atomic clock on the ground station, it also includes: using the actual gravitational redshift for at least one application, wherein the at least one application includes at least one of the following: using the actual gravitational redshift to calculate the gravity field at different locations; using the actual gravitational redshift for navigation and positioning; using the actual gravitational redshift to verify the time performance of the atomic clock; using the actual gravitational redshift to study changes in the earth's crust.

[0055] Among them, using actual gravitational redshift to calculate the gravity field at different locations can be done by measuring the gravitational redshift at different locations on the earth and collecting relevant data. By comparing the gravitational redshift effects at different locations, the gravity field distribution at different locations on the earth can be calculated. Using actual gravitational redshift for navigation and positioning can be done through signals transmitted by satellites, satellite navigation system receivers and inertial navigation systems, and the navigation and positioning results can be compared. The precise position information of the gravitational redshift detection system and the position information of the gravitational redshift detection system not being used can be used to analyze the data to evaluate the impact of the gravitational redshift system on navigation and positioning. Using actual gravitational redshift To verify the timing performance of an atomic clock using gravitational redshift, a standard reference clock can be used to compare it with a high-precision atomic clock. The frequency data of the high-precision atomic clock and the reference clock, including frequency drift and stability, can be recorded using a data acquisition system. The frequency data can be analyzed to evaluate the performance of the high-precision atomic clock. To study changes in the Earth's crust using actual gravitational redshift, the gravitational redshift effect at different locations can be measured. The positions of ground points can be measured using the GNSS receivers of a ground base station network, and detailed data analysis can be performed. By comparing the vertical displacement of the crust at different points in time, changes and movements in the Earth's crust can be understood.

[0056] It can be understood that after calculating the actual gravitational redshift based on the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite and the operating rate of the atomic clock on the ground station, the embodiment of the present application can use the actual gravitational redshift for at least one application, including using the actual gravitational redshift to calculate the gravity field at different locations, using the actual gravitational redshift for navigation and positioning, using the actual gravitational redshift to verify the time performance of the atomic clock, and using the actual gravitational redshift to study changes in the earth's crust.

[0057] In step S104, the theoretical gravitational redshift is verified using the actual gravitational redshift.

[0058] It can be understood that the embodiment of the present application compares the actual gravitational redshift obtained as described above with the theoretical gravitational redshift to perform gravitational redshift verification.

[0059] According to the gravitational redshift verification method based on a high-orbit satellite proposed in the embodiment of the present application, by equipping the high-orbit satellite and the ground station with the same atomic clock, obtaining the time-frequency signal emitted by the high-orbit satellite using the atomic clock as the frequency source, and parsing the time-frequency signal, the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite is determined, and then the actual gravitational redshift is calculated based on the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite and the operating rate of the atomic clock on the ground station, the geographical location information of the ground station and the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite are obtained to calculate the gravitational potential difference, and finally the theoretical gravitational redshift is calculated based on the gravitational potential difference. Thus, high-precision gravitational redshift can be performed.

[0060] The following is a further description of the gravitational redshift verification method based on a high-orbit satellite through a specific embodiment.

[0061] This embodiment relates to a high-orbit satellite gravitational redshift detection system for detecting gravitational redshift and measuring gravity field, which is intended to provide high-precision gravitational redshift measurement and gravity field analysis to meet the needs of navigation, scientific research and positioning applications. The specific configuration of the system is as follows:

[0062] 1. Configuration of high-orbit satellites:

[0063] The core of this embodiment is at least one high-orbit satellite, whose satellite altitude must be greater than 20,000 kilometers to ensure that the satellite is far enough from the earth to achieve the measurability of the gravitational redshift effect. These satellites are equipped with signal transmission devices, including large-diameter communication antennas to ensure the stability and accuracy of signal transmission.

[0064] 2. High-precision atomic clock:

[0065] Each high-orbit satellite is equipped with a high-precision atomic clock, which can be a hydrogen atomic clock or an optical clock. The frequency stability of these atomic clocks reaches more than 1×10-16 / day, and the continuous operation time can reach more than 7 days. The atomic clock requires matching time and frequency signal transmission cables, power dividers and power amplifiers to ensure the reliability of signal transmission. In addition, the atomic clock requires an environmental operating system with functions such as constant temperature, constant humidity, and radiation shielding to maintain its operating stability. Before the formal experiment, the atomic clock needs to be calibrated to ensure its accuracy.

[0066] 3. Positioning system:

[0067] The positioning system of the gravitational redshift detection system includes the global satellite navigation system and the inertial navigation system. GNSS uses signals transmitted by a group of satellites to calculate the position, speed and direction of the satellite, providing highly accurate geographic location information. INS uses sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes to measure the acceleration and attitude changes of the satellite, and then estimates the position and direction of the satellite by integrating these measurements. GNSS and INS are used in combination to improve the accuracy of positioning.

[0068] 4. Signal generation and transmission system:

[0069] The signal generation system on the satellite uses the atomic clock as the frequency source to ensure the accuracy of the transmission frequency. The generated carrier needs to modulate the second pulse signal generated by the clock on it. The signal transmission system needs to be able to transmit at least two frequency signals to eliminate the influence of ionospheric delay errors. The frequencies of these signals must be above 1GHz. High frequencies help reduce the influence of ionospheric delay errors.

[0070] 5. Ground station support:

[0071] The gravitational redshift detection system requires the support of ground stations. First, for satellites, the ground reference station is responsible for measuring the satellite's position, attitude, velocity, acceleration and other parameters, and providing accurate ephemeris information for the satellite. At the same time, the ground station also needs to measure the atmospheric elements during the experiment to eliminate the influence of tropospheric delay and ionospheric delay in the experiment.

[0072] Ground stations will play a key role in the detection of gravitational redshift. In the experiment, gravitational redshift is reflected in the difference between the gravitational potential at the ground station and the gravitational potential at the satellite. According to the principles of general relativity, gravitational effects will cause changes in the running rate of clocks. Therefore, the principle of the experiment is to send signals to the ground station through the satellite and compare the difference in the running rate of the clocks at the satellite and on the ground. Since the gravitational potential difference between the ground station and the satellite can be accurately obtained through preliminary measurements, the gravitational redshift effect can be tested by comparing the theoretical gravitational redshift value with the measured data.

[0073] Application areas:

[0074] This embodiment can be used for gravitational redshift testing, and is also suitable for measuring the gravity field at different locations on the earth. It has a wide range of application fields, including satellite navigation, astronomical research, navigation, scientific experiments, and positioning applications. At the same time, it can be used to meet the needs of multiple fields, improve navigation accuracy, promote astronomical research, and enhance the accuracy of gravity field measurement. It has a wide range of scientific and technological application prospects. The specific applications are as follows:

[0075] 1. Application in gravitational redshift testing

[0076] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment can be used to verify the capability of the high-orbit satellite gravitational redshift detection system. The principle diagram is shown in Figure 3 As shown, A is the high-orbit satellite system, B is the ground station; v a is the satellite's motion vector, v B is the motion vector of the earth's rotation; C A is the satellite-borne atomic clock, C B It is a ground-based atomic clock. The satellite sends the signal to the ground station, which receives and resolves it through the antenna and then compares the running speed of the satellite clock with that of the ground clock to test the gravitational redshift and verify the general theory of relativity or other gravitational theories.

[0077] (1) Device:

[0078] A high-orbit satellite equipped with a high-precision atomic clock, signal transmitter, communication antenna and environmental operation system.

[0079] A ground reference station used to provide accurate satellite ephemeris information and atmospheric element measurements.

[0080] A signal receiving system is used to receive signals from satellites.

[0081] Data processing system, used to analyze and process experimental data.

[0082] (2) Steps:

[0083] Satellite deployment and calibration: Deploy the satellite to a high orbit and ensure that the satellite's altitude is greater than 20,000 kilometers. Start the high-precision atomic clock on the satellite and calibrate it to ensure frequency stability.

[0084] Ground reference station preparation: The ground reference station begins to measure the satellite's position, attitude, velocity, acceleration and other parameters, and provides accurate ephemeris information for the satellite. At the same time, the reference station also measures the atmospheric elements during the experiment.

[0085] Signal generation and transmission: The signal generation system on the satellite uses the atomic clock as the frequency source to generate high-frequency signals. These signals are transmitted to the ground through the signal transmission system.

[0086] Gravitational redshift test: The gravitational redshift effect is measured by a high-precision atomic clock and signal transmission system on the satellite. The signal is transmitted at a high-precision frequency, and the ground reference station receives the signal transmitted by the satellite. The clock of the reference station is also accurate and can record the arrival time of the signal.

[0087] Data analysis: At the ground reference station, the received signal is compared with the signal from the satellite. By analyzing the frequency difference of the signal, the gravitational redshift effect can be calculated. This can be repeated to ensure the accuracy of the results.

[0088] 2. Application in gravity field measurement

[0089] This embodiment can verify the application of the high-orbit satellite gravitational redshift detection system to measure the gravity field at different locations on the earth and obtain information about the internal structure of the earth and crust changes.

[0090] (1) Device:

[0091] A high-orbit satellite equipped with a high-precision atomic clock, signal transmitter, communication antenna and environmental operation system.

[0092] A network of ground reference stations, distributed at different locations, is used to provide accurate ephemeris information for satellites and measurements of atmospheric elements.

[0093] A signal receiving system is used to receive signals from satellites.

[0094] Data processing system, used to analyze and process experimental data.

[0095] (2) Steps:

[0096] Satellite deployment and calibration: Deploy the satellite to a high orbit and ensure that the satellite's altitude is greater than 20,000 kilometers. Start the high-precision atomic clock on the satellite and calibrate it to ensure frequency stability.

[0097] Ground reference station preparation: The ground reference station network is distributed in different locations to measure satellite position, attitude, velocity, acceleration and other parameters, and provide accurate ephemeris information of the satellite. At the same time, the reference station also measures the atmospheric elements during the experiment.

[0098] Signal generation and transmission: The signal generation system on the satellite uses the atomic clock as the frequency source to generate high-frequency signals. These signals are transmitted to the ground through the signal transmission system.

[0099] Gravity field measurement: Satellites measure the gravitational redshift at different locations on Earth and collect relevant data. Signals are transmitted at a high-precision frequency, while a network of ground reference stations receive the signals transmitted by the satellite and record the arrival time of the signals.

[0100] Data analysis: The obtained data is transferred to the data processing system for detailed data analysis. By comparing the gravitational redshift effect at different locations, the distribution of gravity fields at different locations on the earth can be calculated.

[0101] 3. Applied to navigation and positioning applications

[0102] This embodiment can verify the effectiveness of the high-orbit satellite gravitational redshift detection system in navigation and positioning applications to improve the accuracy of the satellite navigation system.

[0103] (1) Device:

[0104] A high-orbit satellite equipped with a high-precision atomic clock, signal transmitter, communication antenna and environmental operation system.

[0105] A ground reference station used to provide accurate satellite ephemeris information and atmospheric element measurements.

[0106] A signal receiving system is used to receive signals from satellites.

[0107] Data processing system, used to analyze and process experimental data.

[0108] GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers and INS (Inertial Navigation System) devices are used to compare navigation and positioning accuracy.

[0109] (2) Steps:

[0110] Satellite deployment and calibration: Deploy the satellite to a high orbit and ensure that the satellite's altitude is greater than 20,000 kilometers. Start the high-precision atomic clock on the satellite and calibrate it to ensure frequency stability.

[0111] Ground reference station preparation: The ground reference station begins to measure the satellite's position, attitude, velocity, acceleration and other parameters, and provides accurate ephemeris information for the satellite. At the same time, the reference station also measures the atmospheric elements during the experiment.

[0112] Signal generation and transmission: The signal generation system on the satellite uses the atomic clock as the frequency source to generate high-frequency signals. These signals are transmitted to the ground through the signal transmission system.

[0113] Satellite navigation and positioning applications: Use signals transmitted by satellites, satellite navigation system (such as GPS) receivers and inertial navigation systems for navigation and positioning. At the same time, the ephemeris information provided by the ground reference station is also used for comparison.

[0114] Data Analysis: Compare navigation and positioning results, including precise position information using the gravitational redshift detection system and position information without the gravitational redshift detection system. Analyze the data to evaluate the impact of the gravitational redshift system on navigation and positioning.

[0115] 4. Application in scientific research

[0116] This embodiment can be used to verify the scientific research application of the high-orbit satellite gravitational redshift detection system, to study the gravitational redshift phenomenon and to test gravitational theories such as general relativity.

[0117] (1) Device:

[0118] A high-orbit satellite equipped with a high-precision atomic clock, signal transmitter, communication antenna and environmental operation system.

[0119] A ground reference station used to provide accurate satellite ephemeris information and atmospheric element measurements.

[0120] A signal receiving system is used to receive signals from satellites.

[0121] Data processing system, used to analyze and process experimental data.

[0122] (2) Steps:

[0123] Satellite deployment and calibration: Deploy the satellite to a high orbit and ensure that the satellite's altitude is greater than 20,000 kilometers. Start the high-precision atomic clock on the satellite and calibrate it to ensure frequency stability.

[0124] Ground reference station preparation: The ground reference station begins to measure the satellite's position, attitude, velocity, acceleration and other parameters, and provides accurate ephemeris information for the satellite. At the same time, the reference station also measures the atmospheric elements during the experiment.

[0125] Signal generation and transmission: The signal generation system on the satellite uses the atomic clock as the frequency source to generate high-frequency signals. These signals are transmitted to the ground through the signal transmission system.

[0126] Gravitational redshift research: The gravitational redshift effect is measured through a high-precision atomic clock and signal transmission system on the satellite. The signal is transmitted at a high-precision frequency, and the ground reference station receives the signal transmitted by the satellite. The clock of the reference station is also accurate and can record the arrival time of the signal.

[0127] Data analysis: The obtained data is transferred to the data processing system for detailed data analysis. By analyzing the gravitational redshift effect, gravitational theories such as general relativity can be verified.

[0128] 5. Applied to time measurement

[0129] This embodiment can be used to verify the time measurement accuracy of a high-precision atomic clock and measure its frequency stability to demonstrate its application in time standards and scientific research.

[0130] (1) Device:

[0131] High-precision hydrogen atomic clock or optical clock, the frequency stability of the clock reaches more than 1×10-16 / day.

[0132] Signal transmission cables, power distributors, power amplifiers and other related equipment to maintain the normal operation of the clock.

[0133] Data acquisition system for recording and analyzing frequency data of clocks.

[0134] A standard reference clock used for comparison with high-precision atomic clocks.

[0135] (2) Steps:

[0136] Clock calibration: Before starting the experiment, calibrate the high-precision atomic clock to ensure that its frequency is consistent with the reference clock.

[0137] Time measurement: A high-precision atomic clock is started and kept running for a certain period of time to measure its frequency stability and time accuracy. At the same time, a reference clock is also running.

[0138] Data Acquisition: Use data acquisition systems to record frequency data of high-precision atomic clocks and reference clocks, including frequency drift and stability.

[0139] Analysis and comparison: Analyze frequency data and compare the frequency of the high-precision atomic clock with the frequency of a reference clock. Evaluate the performance of the high-precision atomic clock, including its frequency stability and accuracy.

[0140] 6. Application in the study of changes in the earth's crust

[0141] This embodiment can study the vertical displacement and changes of the earth's crust by using a high-orbit satellite gravitational redshift detection system to understand the movement of the earth's crust and geological activities.

[0142] (1) Device:

[0143] A high-orbit satellite equipped with a high-precision atomic clock, signal transmitter, communication antenna and environmental operation system.

[0144] A network of ground reference stations, distributed at different locations, is used to provide accurate ephemeris information for satellites and measurements of atmospheric elements.

[0145] A signal receiving system is used to receive signals from satellites.

[0146] Data processing system, used to analyze and process experimental data.

[0147] GNSS receivers, which measure the positions of points on the ground.

[0148] (2) Steps:

[0149] Satellite deployment and calibration: Deploy the satellite to a high orbit and ensure that the satellite's altitude is greater than 20,000 kilometers. Start the high-precision atomic clock on the satellite and calibrate it to ensure frequency stability.

[0150] Ground reference station preparation: The ground reference station network is distributed in different locations to measure satellite position, attitude, velocity, acceleration and other parameters, and provide accurate ephemeris information of the satellite. At the same time, the reference station also measures the atmospheric elements during the experiment.

[0151] Signal generation and transmission: The signal generation system on the satellite uses the atomic clock as the frequency source to generate high-frequency signals. These signals are transmitted to the ground through the signal transmission system.

[0152] Crustal change research: Using signals transmitted by satellites, the gravitational redshift effect at different locations is measured. Using GNSS receivers at a network of ground reference stations, the position of ground points is measured.

[0153] Data analysis: The obtained data is transferred to the data processing system for detailed data analysis. By comparing the vertical displacement of the earth's crust at different time points, the changes and movements of the earth's crust can be understood.

[0154] Next, a gravitational redshift detection system based on a high-orbit satellite proposed in accordance with an embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0155] Figure 4 It is a block diagram of a gravitational redshift detection system based on a high-orbit satellite according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0156] like Figure 4As shown, the gravitational redshift detection system based on a high-orbit satellite includes: a high-orbit satellite 201 and a ground station 202.

[0157] Among them, the high-orbit satellite 201 transmits a time-frequency signal with an atomic clock as the frequency source; the ground station 202 is equipped with the same atomic clock as the high-orbit satellite 201, and analyzes the time-frequency signal to determine the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite 201, and calculates the actual gravitational redshift according to the operating rates of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite 201 and the atomic clock on the ground station 202; the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite 201 is obtained by using the positioning system, the gravitational potential difference is calculated according to the geographical location information of the ground station 202 and the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite 201, and the theoretical gravitational redshift is calculated according to the gravitational potential difference; the theoretical gravitational redshift is verified by using the actual gravitational redshift.

[0158] It can be understood that the gravitational redshift verification system based on the high-orbit satellite in the embodiment of the present application includes a high-orbit satellite 201 and a ground station 202. The high-orbit satellite 201 uses its high-precision atomic clock as a frequency source to transmit time-frequency signals. The ground station 202 is also equipped with the same atomic clock as the high-orbit satellite 201, which is used to receive and analyze these time-frequency signals to determine the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite 201. By comparing the operating rates of the atomic clocks on the ground station 202 and the high-orbit satellite 201, the actual gravitational redshift can be calculated. At the same time, the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite 201 is obtained by using the positioning system, and the gravitational potential difference between the two is calculated in combination with the geographical location information of the ground station 202. The theoretical gravitational redshift is calculated according to the general theory of relativity, and the actual measured gravitational redshift is compared with the theoretical value, and the actual gravitational redshift is used to verify the theoretical gravitational redshift.

[0159] It should be noted that the aforementioned explanation of the embodiment of the gravitational redshift verification method based on a high-orbit satellite is also applicable to the gravitational redshift verification system based on a high-orbit satellite in this embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0160] According to the gravitational redshift verification system based on a high-orbit satellite proposed in the embodiment of the present application, by equipping the high-orbit satellite and the ground station with the same atomic clock, obtaining the time-frequency signal emitted by the high-orbit satellite using the atomic clock as the frequency source, and parsing the time-frequency signal, the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite is determined, and then the actual gravitational redshift is calculated based on the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite and the operating rate of the atomic clock on the ground station, the geographical location information of the ground station and the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite are obtained to calculate the gravitational potential difference, and finally the theoretical gravitational redshift is calculated based on the gravitational potential difference. Thus, high-precision gravitational redshift can be performed.

[0161] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or N embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0162] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0163] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, fragment or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing the steps of a custom logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present application includes alternative implementations in which functions may not be performed in the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by technicians in the technical field to which the embodiments of the present application belong.

[0164] It should be understood that the various parts of the present application can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above-mentioned embodiments, the steps or methods can be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array, a field programmable gate array, etc.

[0165] A person of ordinary skill in the art may understand that all or part of the steps carried by the method for implementing the above-mentioned embodiment may be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the above-mentioned program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which, when executed, includes one of the steps of the method embodiment or a combination thereof.

[0166] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A gravitational redshift verification method based on a high-orbit satellite, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Equip high-orbit satellites and ground stations with the same atomic clock; Acquire a time-frequency signal emitted by the high-orbit satellite using an atomic clock as a frequency source, parse the time-frequency signal to determine the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite, and calculate the actual gravitational redshift according to the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite and the operating rate of the atomic clock on the ground station; Using a positioning system to obtain the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite, calculating the gravitational potential difference according to the geographical location information of the ground station and the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite, and calculating the theoretical gravitational redshift according to the gravitational potential difference; The actual gravitational redshift is used to verify the theoretical gravitational redshift.

2. The gravitational redshift verification method based on a high-orbit satellite according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Before high-orbit satellites and ground stations are equipped with the same atomic clocks, it also includes: The high-orbit satellite and the ground station are equipped with the same environmental operation system to calibrate the atomic clock.

3. The gravitational redshift verification method based on a high-orbit satellite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-orbit satellite is equipped with a signal transmitting device, a transmission cable, a power distributor, a power amplifier and an environmental operating system, wherein the signal transmitting device is used to transmit the time-frequency signal, and the environmental operating system provides an operating environment for the atomic clock.

4. The gravitational redshift verification method based on a high-orbit satellite according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The signal transmitting device allows the transmission of signals of various frequencies and generates a time-frequency signal by modulating the second pulse signal of the atomic clock.

5. The gravitational redshift verification method based on a high-orbit satellite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning system includes a global satellite navigation system and an inertial navigation system, wherein the global satellite navigation system uses signals transmitted by a group of satellites to calculate the position, speed and direction of the satellite, and the inertial navigation system uses accelerometers and gyroscopes to measure the acceleration and attitude changes of the satellite, and estimates the position and direction of the satellite based on the acceleration and attitude changes.

6. The gravitational redshift detection method based on a high-orbit satellite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground station measures the satellite position, attitude, velocity and acceleration, and provides the satellite's ephemeris information.

7. The gravitational redshift detection method based on a high-orbit satellite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground station measures atmospheric elements and corrects tropospheric delay and ionospheric delay in the experiment based on the atmospheric elements.

8. The gravitational redshift verification method based on a high-orbit satellite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-orbit satellite is a satellite whose orbit altitude is greater than a preset altitude, and the atomic clock includes a hydrogen atomic clock or an optical clock.

9. The gravitational redshift verification method based on a high-orbit satellite according to claim 1, characterized in that: After calculating the actual gravitational redshift according to the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite and the operating rate of the atomic clock on the ground station, the method further includes: Perform at least one application using the actual gravitational redshift, wherein the at least one application includes at least one of the following: Calculating the gravitational field at different locations using the actual gravitational redshift; Using the actual gravitational redshift for navigation and positioning; Verifying the time performance of an atomic clock using the actual gravitational redshift; The actual gravitational redshift is used to study changes in the Earth's crust.

10. A gravitational redshift detection system based on a high-orbit satellite, characterized in that: include: High-orbit satellites use atomic clocks as frequency sources to transmit time and frequency signals; A ground station, wherein the ground station is equipped with the same atomic clock as the high-orbit satellite, analyzes the time-frequency signal to determine the operating rate of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite, and calculates the actual gravitational redshift according to the operating rates of the atomic clock on the high-orbit satellite and the atomic clock on the ground station; Using a positioning system to obtain the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite, calculating the gravitational potential difference according to the geographical location information of the ground station and the geographical location information of the high-orbit satellite, and calculating the theoretical gravitational redshift according to the gravitational potential difference; The actual gravitational redshift is used to verify the theoretical gravitational redshift.

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