Decentralization financial platform based on block chain

Abstract

The invention discloses a decentralized financial platform based on a block chain, and the operation method of the platform comprises the following steps: 1, through the construction of a block chain platform, achieving the construction of a block chain network in which multiple parties participate and transaction behavior specifications; step 2, realizing accurate calculation of the claim settlement information of the insured person through tampering resistance of the intelligent contract; 3, flight information is analyzed in real time through an intelligent contract, and abnormal modes and behaviors of flights are detected; 4, the claim settlement application of the insured person is analyzed, the authenticity of continuous claim settlement is verified, and a claim settlement information calculation module is used for ensuring reliable calculation of claim settlement information and transparency of the system by means of the non-tampering performance of the intelligent contract; the fraudulent behavior analysis and verification module is used for analyzing flight information in real time through an intelligent contract and introducing a verification mechanism to ensure the authenticity of a claim settlement request; the method has the advantages of being safe, transparent and efficient in insurance claim settlement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of blockchain, and in particular to a decentralized financial platform based on blockchain. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the widespread application of blockchain technology in the financial field has achieved remarkable results. The decentralization, distributed ledger and immutability of blockchain make it a safe and reliable data storage and transmission tool. In the insurance business, blockchain technology can improve the security of transactions, reduce the risk of fraud, and speed up the claims processing process. In the current insurance field, especially in the claims system related to aviation insurance, there are a series of problems that need to be solved.

[0003] The traditional claims system has obvious opacity in information processing, and it is difficult to ensure the authenticity and accuracy of the flight information provided by the insured. This situation provides room for potential fraud, especially for the case of continuous submission of claims. The current system is difficult to determine whether there is a reasonable time interval, which is vulnerable to the threat of serial fraud. The traditional claims system also has limitations in analyzing flight patterns or behaviors. It is difficult to detect unusual flight patterns in a timely and accurate manner, resulting in the system ignoring abnormal situations. In addition, the existing system performs poorly in processing claims requests in real time, and is unable to detect and respond to potential fraud in a timely manner, which poses a greater risk to insurance companies. Therefore, the current insurance claims have significant deficiencies in dealing with potential problems in the field of aviation insurance, and there is an urgent need for a secure, transparent and efficient blockchain-based decentralized financial platform. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a decentralized financial platform based on blockchain to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a decentralized financial platform based on blockchain, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Through the construction of a blockchain platform, realize the construction of a blockchain network and the standardization of transaction behaviors involving multiple parties;

[0007] Step 2: Through the immutability of smart contracts, accurate calculation of the insured’s claim information is achieved;

[0008] Step 3: Analyze flight information in real time through smart contracts to detect abnormal flight patterns and behaviors;

[0009] Step 4: Analyze the insured’s claim application and verify the authenticity of the consecutive claims.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the steps of building a blockchain network and regulating transaction behaviors by building a blockchain platform with multiple parties involved include:

[0011] A distributed network is built on the blockchain platform. The network consists of three participants: insurance companies, insured persons and airlines. The blockchain-based Hyperledger Fabric platform is used to achieve multi-party participation through channels and chain code mechanisms. On the basis of the establishment of the blockchain network, smart contracts are introduced to regulate transaction behaviors and realize information storage. Smart contracts use Solidity language and are deployed through the Ethereum platform. The structure of the insurance contract is defined in the contract, including the insured person's information, insurance amount, and insurance period. At the same time, a claims process is formulated, including claims conditions and application procedures. An event trigger mechanism is introduced in the smart contract. When the insured purchases insurance or submits a claim request, the smart contract will trigger the corresponding event to record transaction information and status changes.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the steps of realizing accurate calculation of the insured's claim information through the immutability of the smart contract include:

[0013] In a smart contract, when the insured applies for insurance compensation, the contract will record key information of the claim transaction, such as the identity of the insured and the claim amount, and introduce a transaction counter in the smart contract. Each time a claim transaction occurs, the counter increases by 1. The system uses this mechanism to track the number of claims made by the insured within a specific time period and sets a threshold in the contract. When the number of transactions exceeds the set threshold, the smart contract will be triggered for further review to prevent potential fraud.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, the step of analyzing flight information in real time through smart contracts and detecting abnormal patterns and behaviors of flights includes:

[0015] Establish a dedicated channel to record flight information;

[0016] Use Solidity language to write smart contracts and define flight information analysis rules.

[0017] According to the above technical solution, the step of establishing a dedicated channel to record flight information includes:

[0018] A dedicated channel is established on the blockchain platform to record flight-related information. The channel is built based on the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain framework. Participants are identified in the channel, including insurance companies and airlines. Each participant has a unique identity and is authenticated through a digital signature. At the same time, a data structure of flight information is established on the channel, including flights, take-off and landing times, and flight status information. Flight information is stored in an encrypted form on the blockchain. Subsequently, a smart contract is formulated to record and manage flight information, and the smart contract is used to define the storage method and access rules of flight information.

[0019] According to the above technical solution, the steps of using Solidity language to write smart contracts and define flight information analysis rules include:

[0020] Use the Solidity programming language to define the flight information analysis module, and then determine the analysis rules, including flight time, route information, and delays. Set a time threshold, and if it exceeds the threshold, it is considered a delay; then formulate the overall structure of the smart contract, including state variables and functions. State variables are used to store flight information and analysis results, and functions are used to trigger analysis and query analysis results. Write functions to perform flight information analysis, such as writing an analyzeFlight function, which receives flight information as a parameter, calculates flight time, checks whether the route complies with regulations, and determines whether there is a delay. The defined analysis rules are used in the function, and conditional statements or mathematical calculations are used to determine whether the flight information meets the set rules. In addition, a timed trigger mechanism is introduced to enable the smart contract to regularly perform flight information analysis, and use the timed trigger function provided by the blockchain platform, or through external calls. Define a trigger function in the smart contract, such as triggerAnalysis, which triggers the analysis of new flight information at a set time interval. When the analysis is triggered, the analysis results are stored in the corresponding data structure to retain historical analysis records.

[0021] According to the above technical solution, the step of analyzing the insured's claim application and verifying the authenticity of the continuous claims includes:

[0022] The isolation forest algorithm is used to calculate the anomaly score of the insured’s claim;

[0023] Multi-party verification is used to verify the authenticity of the insured's claim application.

[0024] According to the above technical solution, the step of using the isolation forest algorithm to calculate the abnormal score of the insured's claim includes:

[0025] The insured’s flight information, including flight number, take-off and landing time, is recorded on the blockchain. The insured’s flight information is recorded as F i , where i represents the i-th flight. Next, an analysis module is formulated in the smart contract to calculate the number of flight claims of the insured and detect whether there is an abnormal pattern.

[0026] Among them, count i represents the number of claims made by the insured on the previous i flights, claim j Represents the claim flag of flight j, which is then implemented in the smart contract using the isolation forest algorithm: Among them, score i represents the anomaly score of the insured's i-th flight, C(i) represents the path length of the i-th flight in the isolation forest. The higher the anomaly score, the greater the degree of abnormality of the flight. In practical applications, a threshold can be set. When the anomaly score exceeds the threshold, the system considers that the flight has abnormal behavior.

[0027] According to the above technical solution, the platform includes:

[0028] Blockchain construction module, used to implement the construction of blockchain networks and transaction behavior specifications involving multiple parties;

[0029] The claim information calculation module is used to ensure the reliable calculation of claim information and the transparency of the system by utilizing the immutability of smart contracts;

[0030] The fraud analysis and verification module is used to analyze flight information in real time through smart contracts and introduce a verification mechanism to ensure the authenticity of claims requests and prevent fraud.

[0031] According to the above technical solution, the blockchain building module includes:

[0032] Platform building module to achieve multi-party participation of insurance companies, insureds and airlines;

[0033] Standardized transaction module, which is used to establish smart contracts on the blockchain network, standardize transaction behaviors, and ensure the transparency and traceability of transactions;

[0034] The contract structure and claims process module is used to define the insurance contract structure in the smart contract, including the insured person information, insurance amount, and formulate the claims process, including claim conditions and application process.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: first, in the present invention, in step one, by building a blockchain platform based on Hyperledger Fabric, a distributed network including insurance companies, insured persons and airlines is established, and multi-party participation is achieved by using channels and chain code mechanisms. Then, by introducing smart contracts on the blockchain network, transaction behaviors are standardized. In step three, smart contracts are used to analyze flight information in real time, detect abnormal patterns and behaviors of flights, and ensure real-time monitoring and tracing of information. Finally, in step four, through data analysis algorithms and timestamp verification mechanisms in smart contracts, continuous claims of the insured are analyzed to verify their authenticity. At the same time, geographic location verification and third-party weather data verification methods are introduced to improve the accuracy of fraud detection. Through these steps, the system effectively prevents potential fraud and ensures the security and credibility of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 A flowchart of a decentralized financial method based on blockchain provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the module composition of a blockchain-based decentralized financial platform provided in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Embodiment 1: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a decentralized financial method based on blockchain provided in Example 1 of the present invention. This embodiment can be applied to the scenario of insurance claims. This method can be executed by the decentralized financial platform based on blockchain provided in this embodiment. Figure 1 As shown, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: Through the construction of a blockchain platform, realize the construction of a blockchain network and the standardization of transaction behaviors involving multiple parties;

[0042] In the embodiment of the present invention, a distributed network is built on the blockchain platform, which consists of three participants: insurance companies, insured persons and airlines. The blockchain-based Hyperledger Fabric platform is adopted to achieve multi-party participation through channels and chain code mechanisms;

[0043] For example, based on the establishment of a blockchain network, smart contracts are introduced to regulate transaction behaviors and realize information storage. Smart contracts use Solidity language and are deployed through the Ethereum platform. The structure of the insurance contract is defined in the contract, including the insured person's information, insurance amount, insurance period, etc. At the same time, a claims process is formulated, including claims conditions, application process, etc. An event trigger mechanism is introduced in the smart contract. When the insured purchases insurance or submits a claim request, the smart contract will trigger the corresponding event and record transaction information and status changes. In this way, real-time monitoring and tracing of the entire transaction life cycle are achieved.

[0044] Step 2: Through the immutability of smart contracts, accurate calculation of the insured’s claim information is achieved;

[0045] In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to realize the calculation and statistics of claim information, the formulation of smart contracts and the immutability of blockchain are adopted to ensure the reliability and transparency of the claim system;

[0046] For example, in a smart contract, when the insured applies for insurance compensation, the contract will record key information of the claim transaction, such as the identity of the insured, the claim amount, etc., and introduce a transaction counter in the smart contract. Each time a claim transaction occurs, the counter is incremented by 1. This mechanism tracks the number of claims made by the insured within a specific time period, and sets a threshold in the contract. When the number of transactions exceeds the set threshold, the smart contract will be triggered for further review to prevent potential fraud. By implementing smart contracts on the blockchain and utilizing its immutability and transparency, the calculation and statistical methods of claim information can be effectively realized, thereby monitoring and preventing potential fraud.

[0047] Step 3: Analyze flight information in real time through smart contracts to detect abnormal flight patterns and behaviors;

[0048] In an embodiment of the present invention, flight-related information, including flights, take-off and landing times, etc., is recorded on a blockchain, and smart contracts are used to analyze the flights for claims to detect unusual patterns or behaviors;

[0049] Exemplarily, a dedicated channel is established on the blockchain platform to record flight-related information. The channel is built based on the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain framework. Participants are identified in the channel, including insurance companies and airlines. Each participant has a unique identity and is authenticated through a digital signature. At the same time, a data structure of flight information is established on the channel, including flights, take-off and landing times, and flight status information. The flight information is stored in an encrypted form on the blockchain. Subsequently, a smart contract is formulated to record and manage flight information. The smart contract is used to define the storage method and access rules of flight information, etc., to ensure that only authorized participants can read and write data;

[0050] Exemplarily, the specific method for formulating the smart contract is as follows: using the Solidity programming language to define a flight information analysis module, and then determining the analysis rules, including key indicators such as flight time, route information, and delays, and setting a time threshold. If the threshold is exceeded, it is considered a delay; then the overall structure of the smart contract is formulated, including state variables and functions. The state variables are used to store flight information and analysis results, and the functions are used to trigger analysis, query analysis results, and other operations. Functions are written to perform analysis of flight information, such as writing an analyzeFlight function, which receives flight information as a parameter, calculates flight time, checks whether the route complies with regulations, and determines whether there is a delay, etc. The defined analysis rules are used in the function, and conditional statements or mathematical calculations are used to determine whether the flight information meets the set rules. In addition, a timed trigger mechanism is introduced to enable the smart contract to regularly perform analysis of flight information, and the timed trigger function provided by the blockchain platform is used, or it is implemented through external calls. A trigger function, such as triggerAnalysis, is defined in the smart contract. The function triggers the analysis of new flight information at a set time interval. When the analysis is triggered, the analysis results are stored in the corresponding data structure, and the historical analysis records are retained.

[0051] Step 4: Analyze the insured’s claim application and verify the authenticity of the consecutive claims.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present invention, a data analysis algorithm is used and a timestamp verification mechanism in the smart contract is introduced to ensure a reasonable time interval between consecutive claims, which helps prevent serial fraud.

[0053] For example, the insured’s flight information, including flight number, take-off and landing time, etc., is recorded on the blockchain. The insured’s flight information is recorded as F i , where i represents the i-th flight. Next, an analysis module is formulated in the smart contract to calculate the number of flight claims of the insured and detect whether there is an abnormal pattern. Among them, counti represents the number of claims made by the insured on the previous i flights, claim j Represents the claim flag of flight j, which is then implemented in the smart contract using the isolation forest algorithm: Among them, score i represents the anomaly score of the insured's i-th flight, C(i) represents the path length of the i-th flight in the isolation forest. The higher the anomaly score, the greater the degree of abnormality of the flight. In practical applications, a threshold can be set. When the anomaly score exceeds the threshold, the system considers that the flight has abnormal behavior.

[0054] Exemplarily, a timestamp verification mechanism is embedded in the smart contract. Each claim transaction will record a timestamp, indicating the time when the claim operation occurred. Before executing a claim, the smart contract first checks the timestamp of the last claim. If the time interval between the current claim request and the last claim is too short and exceeds the set minimum interval time, the contract allows the claim to continue to be executed. At the same time, the GPS information or other geographic location data of the insured's mobile phone is integrated in the smart contract to ensure that the location where the claim is initiated is consistent with the location where the actual flight occurred. When it is found that the geographic location of the claim request is inconsistent with the location of the flight record, the system will trigger an early warning or perform additional verification steps. On the other hand, weather data corresponding to the flight date and location is introduced through smart contracts, such as real-time weather information provided by airlines. The system can verify whether the weather conditions are consistent with the weather conditions for the unsuitable flight described in the claim request. Inconsistency may indicate that the claim request is suspected of fraud and triggers additional review steps. Through the above steps, the accuracy of fraud detection can be improved. These mechanisms effectively prevent possible serial fraud and ensure the security and credibility of the system.

[0055] Embodiment 2: Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a decentralized financial platform based on blockchain. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the module composition of a decentralized financial platform based on blockchain provided in the second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the platform includes:

[0056] Blockchain construction module, used to implement the construction of blockchain networks and transaction behavior specifications involving multiple parties;

[0057] The claim information calculation module is used to ensure the reliable calculation of claim information and the transparency of the system by utilizing the immutability of smart contracts;

[0058] Fraud analysis and verification module, which is used to analyze flight information in real time through smart contracts and introduce verification mechanisms to ensure the authenticity of claims and prevent fraud;

[0059] In some embodiments of the present invention, the blockchain building module includes:

[0060] Platform building module to achieve multi-party participation of insurance companies, insureds and airlines;

[0061] Standardized transaction module, which is used to establish smart contracts on the blockchain network, standardize transaction behaviors, and ensure the transparency and traceability of transactions;

[0062] The contract structure and claims process module is used to define the insurance contract structure in the smart contract, including the insured person information, insurance amount, etc., and to formulate the claims process, including the claims conditions and application process;

[0063] In some embodiments of the present invention, the claim information calculation module includes:

[0064] Smart contract module, which uses the immutability of blockchain to ensure that records in smart contracts are not tampered with, thus enhancing the reliability of the claims system;

[0065] Key claim information recording module, which is used to record claim information in smart contracts and introduce a counter to track the number of claims made by the insured within a specific time period;

[0066] Threshold and trigger module, which is used to set thresholds. When the number of claims exceeds the threshold, the smart contract is triggered for further review to prevent potential fraud;

[0067] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fraud behavior analysis and verification module includes:

[0068] Flight information recording module, used to record flight information on a dedicated channel to ensure safe storage of information;

[0069] Flight information real-time analysis module, which is used to develop smart contracts using the Solidity programming language, define flight information analysis modules, analyze flight information in real time, and detect unusual patterns or behaviors;

[0070] The multi-party verification module is used to ensure a reasonable time interval between consecutive claims through a timestamp verification mechanism, and introduce multi-party verification methods such as geographic location verification and third-party weather data verification to improve the accuracy of fraud detection.

[0071] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A decentralized financial platform based on blockchain, characterized by: The operation method of the decentralized financial platform includes the following steps: Step 1: Through the construction of a blockchain platform, realize the construction of a blockchain network and the standardization of transaction behaviors involving multiple parties; Step 2: Through the immutability of smart contracts, accurate calculation of the insured’s claim information is achieved; Step 3: Analyze flight information in real time through smart contracts to detect abnormal flight patterns and behaviors; Step 4: Analyze the insured's claim application and verify the authenticity of the continuous claims; The steps of building a blockchain network and regulating transaction behaviors by building a blockchain platform with multiple parties involved include: A distributed network is built on the blockchain platform. The network consists of three participants: insurance companies, insured persons, and airlines. The blockchain-based Hyperledger Fabric platform is used to achieve multi-party participation through channels and chain code mechanisms. On the basis of the establishment of the blockchain network, smart contracts are introduced to regulate transaction behaviors and realize information storage. Smart contracts use Solidity language and are deployed through the Ethereum platform. The structure of the insurance contract is defined in the contract, including the insured person's information, insurance amount, and insurance period. At the same time, a claims process is formulated, including claims conditions and application procedures. An event trigger mechanism is introduced in the smart contract. When the insured purchases insurance or submits a claim request, the smart contract will trigger the corresponding event to record transaction information and status changes; The steps of realizing accurate calculation of the insured's claim information through the immutability of the smart contract include: In the smart contract, when the insured applies for insurance compensation, the contract will record the key information of the claim transaction, including the identity of the insured and the claim amount, and introduce a transaction counter in the smart contract. The counter is incremented by 1 each time a claim transaction occurs. The system uses this mechanism to track the number of claims made by the insured within a specific time period and set a threshold in the contract. When the number of transactions exceeds the set threshold, the smart contract will be triggered for further review to prevent potential fraud. The steps of analyzing flight information in real time through smart contracts and detecting abnormal patterns and behaviors of flights include: Establish a dedicated channel to record flight information; Use Solidity language to write smart contracts and define flight information analysis rules; The step of establishing a dedicated channel to record flight information includes: A dedicated channel is established on the blockchain platform to record flight-related information. The channel is built based on the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain framework. Participants are identified in the channel, including insurance companies and airlines. Each participant has a unique identity and is authenticated through digital signatures. At the same time, a data structure of flight information is established on the channel, including flights, take-off and landing times, and flight status information. Flight information is stored in encrypted form on the blockchain. Subsequently, a smart contract is formulated to record and manage flight information, and the smart contract is used to define the storage method and access rules of flight information. The steps of using Solidity language to write smart contracts and define flight information analysis rules include: The flight information analysis module is defined using the Solidity programming language, and then the analysis rules are determined, including flight time, route information, and delays. A time threshold is set, and a delay is considered when the time exceeds the threshold. Subsequently, the overall structure of the smart contract is formulated, including state variables and functions. The state variables are used to store flight information and analysis results, and the functions are used to trigger analysis and query analysis results. Functions are written to perform analysis of flight information. The function writing includes writing an analyzeFlight function, which receives flight information as a parameter, calculates flight time, checks whether the route complies with regulations, and determines whether there is a delay. The defined analysis rules are used in the function, and conditional statements or mathematical calculations are used to determine whether the flight information meets the set rules. In addition, a timed trigger mechanism is introduced to enable the smart contract to regularly perform analysis of flight information, and the timed trigger function provided by the blockchain platform is used or implemented through external calls. A trigger function is defined in the smart contract, and the trigger function includes triggerAnalysis, which triggers analysis of new flight information at a set time interval. When the analysis is triggered, the analysis results are stored in the corresponding data structure, and historical analysis records are retained. The steps of analyzing the insured's claim application and verifying the authenticity of the continuous claims include: The isolation forest algorithm is used to calculate the anomaly score of the insured’s claim; Use multi-party verification to verify the authenticity of the insured's claim application; The step of using the isolation forest algorithm to calculate the abnormal score of the insured's claim includes: The insured’s flight information, including flight number, take-off and landing time, is recorded on the blockchain. The insured’s flight information is recorded as Fi, where i represents the i-th flight. Next, an analysis module is developed in the smart contract to calculate the number of flight claims of the insured and detect whether there are any abnormal patterns. Among them, counti represents the number of claims for the insured’s previous i flights, and claimj represents the claim flag for the j-th flight. The isolation forest algorithm is then used to implement it in the smart contract: Among them, scorei represents the anomaly score of the insured's i-th flight, C(i) represents the path length of the i-th flight in the isolation forest, and the higher the anomaly score, the greater the degree of anomaly of the flight. In practical applications, a threshold can be set. When the anomaly score exceeds the threshold, the system considers that the flight has abnormal behavior; the timestamp verification mechanism is embedded in the smart contract. Each claim transaction will record a timestamp, indicating the time when the claim operation occurred. Before executing the claim, the smart contract first checks the timestamp of the last claim. If the time interval between the current claim request and the last one is too short and exceeds the set minimum interval time, the contract allows the claim to continue to be executed. At the same time, in the smart contract, the integrated The GPS information or other geographic location data of the insured’s mobile phone ensures that the location where the claim is initiated is consistent with the location where the actual flight occurred. When it is found that the geographic location of the claim request is inconsistent with the location of the flight record, the system will trigger an early warning or perform additional verification steps. On the other hand, weather data corresponding to the flight date and location is introduced through smart contracts. The weather data includes real-time weather information provided by the airline. The system can verify whether the weather conditions are consistent with the weather conditions of the unsuitable flight in the claim request. Inconsistency may indicate that the claim request is suspected of fraud and trigger additional review steps. These mechanisms improve the accuracy of fraud detection, effectively prevent possible serial fraud, and ensure the security and credibility of the system.

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