Block chain-based hydrogen energy trusted auction transaction method and mechanism

Abstract

The invention provides a hydrogen energy credible auction transaction method and mechanism based on a block chain, and the method comprises the steps: collecting hydrogen energy production data through an Internet of Things device, uploading the hydrogen energy production data to the block chain, constructing a credible data space, enabling the data to generate a hydrogen energy consumption voucher through an intelligent contract, achieving the one-to-one verification of the online transaction and offline transaction of a hydrogen energy chain, and achieving the credible auction transaction of the hydrogen energy chain. And a multi-party hydrogen energy transaction mechanism is established based on a non-cooperative game model and a block chain technology, transaction matchmaking is converted into Nash equilibrium solving, and solving is carried out based on the improved one-group algorithm. According to the invention, the problem of lack of a trusted transaction environment in the existing hydrogen energy transaction process is solved, and the trusted transaction of hydrogen energy is finally realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of renewable energy trading technology, and in particular to a hydrogen energy auction trading method based on blockchain smart contract technology. Background Art

[0002] Renewable energy trading is an important direction for the development of the energy industry. Hydrogen, as an excellent secondary energy source, complements electricity and has a good prospect in the future renewable energy system. It can solve the shortcomings of unstable power generation of existing renewable energy represented by wind power and photovoltaics. Hydrogen energy trading has problems such as short development time, immature market, and initial construction of supply chain, which leads to serious information gap and information asymmetry between supply and demand in the market, greatly affecting the activity of hydrogen energy trading and the healthy development of hydrogen energy industry.

[0003] Blockchain technology is an integration of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other technologies. It has the technical characteristics of multi-party consensus, non-tamperability and full traceability. It can effectively build a trusted trading environment, shorten the cycle of hydrogen energy consumption, and reduce the market operation cost of the hydrogen energy industry. Blockchain is widely used in the field of renewable energy trading. Luo Zhao proposed a comprehensive energy system optimization model for certification transactions through blockchain cross-chain technology. Cai Yuanji designed a circulation mechanism for the entire life cycle of asset storage. Zhang Xian, Zhang Shengnan and others established a renewable energy excess consumption trading system through blockchain technology. Feng Senchang designed a decentralized market trading model based on smart contracts for green certificates and carbon bilateral joint.

[0004] In summary, existing research has mainly focused on trusted circulation, transaction models and system design based on blockchain, focusing on solving problems such as asset evidence transaction data ledger consistency, security and integration with other systems. However, large-scale hydrogen energy transactions have high requirements for the transparency, credibility and efficiency of the transaction system, and there is an urgent need for customized design methods that are suitable for large-scale hydrogen energy transactions. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a blockchain-based hydrogen energy trusted auction transaction method and mechanism. The present invention first collects hydrogen energy production data through Internet of Things devices, uploads it to the blockchain, builds a trusted data space, and then uses the smart contract to generate a hydrogen energy consumption certificate (HECC) from the data to achieve a one-to-one verification of hydrogen energy chain transactions and offline transactions, and establishes a multi-party hydrogen energy transaction mechanism based on a non-cooperative game model and blockchain technology, transforming transaction matching into solving the Nash equilibrium problem, and solving it based on an improved group of algorithms. The present invention solves the problem of lack of a trusted trading environment in the existing hydrogen energy trading process, and finally realizes the trusted trading of hydrogen energy.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] Step 1: Collect hydrogen production data through IoT devices, and use an efficient consensus mechanism to prompt each data node to perform multi-party verification through a verification function, and broadcast it to all nodes for safe storage, thereby building an efficient and reliable data space T(D) with the help of the tamper-proof, transparent and traceable characteristics of blockchain technology.

[0008] Step 2: In the trusted data space T(D) constructed in step 1, the present invention develops a smart contract based on smart contract technology to convert the hydrogen production data in the trusted data space into a hydrogen energy consumption certificate (HECC). The hydrogen energy consumption certificate is the mapping of hydrogen energy products in the trusted data space. The generation, ownership change, and consumption operation of hydrogen energy products during their life cycle can all be mapped one-to-one by the hydrogen energy consumption certificate in the trusted data space. The hydrogen energy consumption certificate can be used for online transactions of hydrogen energy products on the Internet.

[0009] Step 3:

[0010] Based on the hydrogen energy consumption certificate generated in step 2, in order to solve the credibility problem of online transactions of hydrogen energy products, the present invention proposes to use hydrogen energy consumption certificates as certificates for online transactions of hydrogen energy products on the Internet. In order to realize the transaction of hydrogen energy consumption certificates, the present invention analyzes the interest relationship between hydrogen energy supply and demand parties based on the non-cooperative game model, constructs a multi-party hydrogen energy transaction model, transforms the interest balance problem of hydrogen energy supply and demand parties into a Nash equilibrium problem, and proposes to use an improved ant colony algorithm to solve it. The solved hydrogen energy transaction model can take into account the interests of multiple parties and achieve the best transaction matching in the hydrogen energy market.

[0011] Based on the hydrogen energy trading model constructed in step 3, the present invention further designs a multi-party hydrogen energy trading mechanism based on blockchain. Figure 3 As shown, multiple smart contracts are written to implement it. Figure 3The mechanism is as follows: In order to achieve transaction matching of hydrogen energy products, based on the trusted data space constructed by the blockchain, trading entities such as suppliers and demanders first apply for registration to the distributed organization management platform. After passing the registration, they are included in the transaction resource pool for management, and identity authentication and constraints are performed based on the qualifications provided during registration; the managed trading entities provide transaction agreements such as expected prices and supply quantities based on their own needs. After that, the distributed organization management platform provides the optimal transaction strategy and matches the transaction objects based on the transaction model designed in step 3, after fully considering the transaction agreements of all trading entities, and waits for the matched transaction entities to agree to the transaction before market clearing and settlement. Finally, the distributed organization management platform upgrades the data of the transaction entity information considering the transaction results.

[0012] The specific operations in step 1 are:

[0013] Step 1.1: The hydrogen production equipment remotely uploads data through data communication transmission protocols such as ModBus and MQTT, and cleans and normalizes the data in the platform designed by the present invention, and then packages and waits to be uploaded to the blockchain.

[0014] Step 1.2: In response to the demand for large amounts of data upload, the present invention designs a high-performance asynchronous consensus mechanism based on network sharding and parallel processing. Figure 1 shown.

[0015] All data servers connected to the blockchain are regarded as data nodes in the blockchain. The core idea of ​​this mechanism is to divide the blockchain nodes into multiple shards, select a master node in each shard to handle data transactions, and continuously communicate with other nodes in the shard to achieve parallel processing of data on the chain. The selection of the master node in each shard is very important and must have sufficient storage, communication and computing resources. For the i-th data node P i , the present invention proposes to use the following formula to calculate the probability of the node being selected as the master node:

[0016]

[0017] Where Ti in the interval [0,1] represents the node P i The score of the node selected as the master node, σ, ζ, τ, υ represent the importance coefficients of each capability, the importance coefficients are positive and the sum is 1; max pi Indicates that in all i The maximum value of this item is selected from the nodes in the same shard, E c Representative node P i The communication capability of participating in consensus reflects the node P i The data transmission rate and communication range per unit time; Cal represents the node Pi The specific computing power used to verify data in consensus reflects the number of instructions that the CPU can execute per unit time, S t Represents node P i Remaining storage space, P o Representative node P i The inverse of the average distance to other nodes, calculated by the following formula:

[0018]

[0019] d(i,j) represents the physical distance between node i and node j other than node i, and N represents the number of nodes in the shard.

[0020] Step 1.3: Based on the constructed efficient consensus mechanism, the present invention prompts each data node to use the verification function for multi-party verification, and adopts a reliable broadcast algorithm to achieve the final consistency broadcast of the node network, so that all nodes in the blockchain network reach a data consistency state, thereby building a trusted data space.

[0021] Let D be the original data set, V be the verification function to ensure the credibility of the data, and B be the blockchain structure. The trusted data space based on blockchain can be established through the following steps:

[0022] T(D)=V(D)

[0023] B=B∪T(D)

[0024] V(D) means applying the verification function V to the data set D to filter out the trusted data. B∪T(D) means adding the verified trusted data set T(D) to the blockchain B.

[0025] The specific operations in step 2 are:

[0026] In order to realize the tracking and recording of the whole life cycle of hydrogen energy products, the present invention proposes the concept of hydrogen energy consumption certificate. The hydrogen energy consumption certificate is a one-to-one correspondence of hydrogen energy products throughout the whole life cycle. The role of the certificate is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0027] When the hydrogen energy product is produced, the producer generates an empty data field through the smart contract and signs it as the initial certificate; after checking and confirming that it is correct, the producer signs it again and uploads it to the blockchain; the double-signed certificate represents that the hydrogen energy product is officially produced, and all subsequent operations on the hydrogen energy product, such as information entry, product transactions, ownership transfer, product transportation, etc., can extract key information such as timestamp, device ID, blockchain block ID, etc., and store it through the smart contract for evidence storage; after the final product is consumed by the consumer, the certificate is finally signed by the consumer, ending the life cycle of the product.

[0028] The specific operations in step 3 are:

[0029] Based on the trusted data space constructed in step 1, in order to maximize the trading benefits of the hydrogen energy consumption certificate constructed in step 2, the present invention analyzes the interest relationship of multiple parties in hydrogen energy trading, constructs and solves a multi-party hydrogen energy trading model.

[0030] Step 3.1: Construct the benefit functions for both supply and demand sides.

[0031] The benefit on the demand side is calculated by the following formula:

[0032]

[0033] in, and They represent the benefits and demand compliance of hydrogen energy demanders respectively. Both values ​​are greater than 0 and are calculated based on the historical experience data provided by the demanders. Represents the amount of hydrogen consumed by the demander, V k Represents the operating cost of device k.

[0034] The benefit to the supplier is calculated by the following formula:

[0035]

[0036] in For hydrogen supplier F j The supply of For the selling price, is the variable cost coefficient of hydrogen production on the supply side, For operating costs.

[0037] Step 3.2: In the distributed hydrogen trading system, both the supply and demand parties participate in the game of the hydrogen market. When purchasing hydrogen, users usually choose suitable trading partners based on factors such as the seller's selling price, supply capacity and hydrogen quality, and formulate the best trading strategy. Based on this, the present invention establishes a non-cooperative game model for multiple trading parties to match the transactions between the two parties. The definition of the model is shown in the following equation:

[0038]

[0039] The model considers two trading entities, namely, hydrogen energy suppliers and demanders, where T is the set of hydrogen energy demanders. Assuming there are n demanders, then T = {T1, T2, T3, …T i …,T n}; F is the set of hydrogen energy suppliers. Assuming there are m suppliers, then F = {F1, F2, F3, ... F j …,F m};X tRepresents the amount of hydrogen energy stored, represents the pricing strategy set of hydrogen energy demanders, represents the bidding strategy set of hydrogen suppliers, Indicates the hydrogen energy demand side T i The profit function, Indicates hydrogen supplier F j The profit function of Indicates the constraints such as production capacity, storage quantity, credit, etc. between the entities involved in the transaction; Indicates the amount of hydrogen traded.

[0040] The optimization goal of the model is to maximize the sum of the benefits of all supply and demand parties in the market, which can be calculated by the following equation:

[0041]

[0042] Step 3.3: Based on the optimization goal provided in step 3.2, the present invention uses the global search capability of the ant colony algorithm and combines it with dynamic adjustment parameters to solve the problem. The basic idea of ​​the ant colony algorithm is to transform the optimization problem into a retrieval problem on a directed graph, thereby solving the optimization problem by simulating the group behavior of ants.

[0043] Assume that there are Z ants, and discretize the strategy set of hydrogen supply providers to form a directed cycle graph of strategies. Therefore, at time t, the pricing strategy of the transaction participants can be expressed as:

[0044]

[0045] It represents the strategy adopted by the x-th supplier corresponding to the y-th demander. The initial value of the population is the initial value of the Nash equilibrium point. Through the continuous evolution of the population, the optimal individual is finally obtained.

[0046] The two core parts of the ant colony algorithm are the state transfer function and the pheromone update mechanism. Ants choose another bidding strategy based on the state transfer function. In the present invention, for the state at time t, the kth ant operator, for the i-th node and the j-th node in the directed graph, the state transfer function of the algorithm is:

[0047]

[0048] in, represents the probability that the kth ant operator at time t chooses node j as the next node when it is at node i, S represents the set of next reachable nodes, j∈S represents that node j is the next reachable node, and the probability is Directly equal to 0; τ i,j(t) represents the current pheromone concentration; α represents the weight of the pheromone heuristic factor. The larger α is, the more important the current node pheromone concentration is in the selection; η i,j (t) represents the heuristic factor between nodes i and j at time t, β represents the weight of the heuristic factor, and the larger β is, the more likely the ant is to choose a node with a closer distance. The present invention uses the following formula to dynamically obtain β:

[0049]

[0050] Where β0 is a constant, iter represents the current number of iterations, N itr The benefit of this design is that it expands the search scope in the early stages of problem solving to increase the randomness of the solution and speeds up convergence in the later stages.

[0051] During the evolution process, pheromones need to be updated and processed to obtain the pheromone amount of the new generation of individuals. The update formula is as follows:

[0052] picture i,j (t+1)=(1-ρ) graph i,j (t)+Δ graph i,j (t),0≤ρ≤1

[0053] Where ρ is the evaporation coefficient of pheromone; τ i,j (t) represents the current amount of pheromone, Δ i,j (t) represents the change in pheromone, which is calculated by the following formula:

[0054]

[0055] represents the pheromone released by the kth ant on the path passed by the algorithm, represents the length of the path selected by the ant colony, and Z is the total number of ant operators used.

[0056] Based on the model constructed in step 3, the present invention designs the following Figure 3 The transaction model shown realizes the transaction and ownership transfer of the hydrogen energy trading certificate designed in step 2.

[0057] In order to implement this mechanism on the blockchain system, the present invention implements five types of smart contracts, which are as follows:

[0058] The market access contract realizes the registration function in distributed organization management. All trading entities need to register and log in on the blockchain to determine whether they meet the access requirements of the hydrogen trading market. If the requirements are met, the entity will be included in the resource pool for management.

[0059] The market quotation contract realizes the transaction agreement and transaction matching functions. The transaction entity submits relevant transaction parameters according to its role and related needs, including hydrogen demand side (node ​​location, hydrogen purchase price, hydrogen quantity) and hydrogen supplier (node ​​location, hydrogen sales price, purchase quantity). Then the ant colony algorithm is triggered to solve the Nash equilibrium problem, obtain the quotation of the transaction entity, and send it to all network nodes through network broadcast.

[0060] Constraint management contract to realize transaction constraint function. View data of all nodes in real time and perform security verification for transactions that have reached sales / purchase agreements. Transactions that meet the constraints enter the market settlement stage. Otherwise, the results are transmitted to the smart contract.

[0061] Market clearing contracts realize market clearing functions. All trading entities independently monitor blockchain network data and use continuous two-way auctions to clear transaction results (transaction time, transaction price, and transaction volume data).

[0062] The market settlement contract manages completed contracts. Completed transactions are broadcast to all nodes through the network. When the transaction time arrives, the ownership transfer and fund settlement are completed according to the settlement smart contract.

[0063] Beneficial Effects

[0064] 1. The present invention designs a high-performance asynchronous consensus mechanism based on network sharding and parallel processing. The mechanism divides the blockchain nodes into multiple shards, selects a master node in each shard, and continuously communicates with the monitoring nodes and consensus nodes in the shard where it is located to realize parallel processing of data on the chain, thereby building an efficient and reliable data space with the help of the characteristics of blockchain technology that cannot be tampered with, transparent and traceable.

[0065] 2. The present invention innovatively proposes the concept of "hydrogen energy consumption certificate". By subjecting hydrogen energy-related data to multi-party signature authentication, the data is successfully converted into certificate information on the blockchain. This conversion process ensures that each hydrogen energy transaction can establish a one-to-one correspondence between the actual offline transaction and the digital certificate on the chain, thereby effectively incorporating hydrogen energy trading activities into a trusted data space. This move not only enhances the traceability and security of transactions, but also provides a more transparent and efficient trading platform for participants in the hydrogen energy market, greatly promoting the development of the hydrogen energy trading market towards digitalization and trust.

[0066] 3. This invention innovatively constructs a multi-party hydrogen energy trading model. The core goal of this model is to maximize the interests of all parties involved through optimization algorithms to achieve efficient transaction matching. On this basis, we carefully designed a multi-party transaction mechanism that comprehensively considers the characteristics of the hydrogen energy market and the needs of both parties to the transaction, and is implemented through the technical means of smart contracts. Such a design not only ensures the fairness and transparency of the transaction, but also greatly improves the transaction efficiency and reliability of the hydrogen energy market, meeting the growing transaction needs of the hydrogen energy market.

[0067] 4. The present invention solves the technical problems of immature market, lack of credible trading environment and low trading efficiency in the process of hydrogen energy trading. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of efficient blockchain consensus mechanism based on sharding and asynchronous consensus

[0069] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the correspondence between hydrogen consumption vouchers and data at each stage of hydrogen energy trading

[0070] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of multi-party hydrogen energy trading mechanism based on blockchain DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0071] The present invention provides a blockchain-based hydrogen energy trusted auction transaction method, which is applied to a certain investment company, so the data of the company is collected in the embodiment of the present invention. The specific steps of this transaction method are as follows:

[0072] Step 1: First, clean, normalize and package the data of each supply entity and demand entity provided by the company; then shard the node server provided by the company according to the network, and determine the master node of each shard through the following consensus:

[0073]

[0074] Among them, Ti is in the interval [0,1], σ, τ, υ represent the importance coefficients of various capabilities, E c Represents the communication capability of the node participating in the consensus, reflecting the data transmission rate and communication range of the node per unit time; Cal represents the specific computing power of the node used to verify data in the consensus, reflecting the number of instructions that the CPU can execute per unit time. t Indicates the remaining storage space. o Represents the distance between this node and other nodes, calculated by the following formula:

[0075]

[0076] The packaged data is uploaded to the blockchain through an asynchronous and efficient consensus mechanism, and broadcast to all blockchain nodes according to the consistency criteria to build a trusted data space.

[0077] Step 2: First, digital signatures are issued to each entity; then, the product data uploaded by the supplier is authenticated using the supplier’s signature, and stored through a smart contract as a certificate for hydrogen consumption; after the product passes the inspection, the supplier performs a second signature authentication and notifies the blockchain system that it can be used for transactions; when the product changes, such as after being traded or transported, key data such as timestamp, device ID, blockchain block ID, etc. are added to the certificate. After it is finally consumed, the consuming entity will sign it to end the life cycle of the product.

[0078] Step 3: Based on the data of multiple trading entities provided by the company, a hydrogen energy trading model is constructed. First, the benefit function of both the supply and demand sides is calculated based on the data of each entity provided by the company, where the benefit of the demand side is calculated by the following formula:

[0079]

[0080] in, and They represent the benefits gained by hydrogen energy consumers from using hydrogen and the level of product compliance with demand, and both values ​​are greater than 0; Represents the amount of hydrogen consumed by the demander, V k Represents the operating cost of hydrogen used by equipment k.

[0081] The benefit to the supplier is then calculated by the following formula:

[0082]

[0083] in For hydrogen supplier F j The supply of For the selling price, is the variable cost coefficient of hydrogen production on the supply side, For operating costs.

[0084] Afterwards, based on the data of each subject, the following model is constructed:

[0085]

[0086] The model considers two trading entities, namely, hydrogen energy suppliers and demanders, where T is the set of hydrogen energy demanders. For n demanders, T = {T1, T2, T3, … T i …,T n}; F is the set of hydrogen suppliers. For m suppliers, F = {F1, F2, F3, ... Fj …,F m};X t Represents the amount of hydrogen energy stored, represents the strategy set of hydrogen energy demanders, represents the strategy set of hydrogen suppliers, Indicates the hydrogen energy demand side T i , the profit function, Indicates hydrogen supplier F j The profit function of Represents the security constraints of the nodes participating in the transaction; Indicates the amount of hydrogen traded.

[0087] Finally, the following objective function is optimized by the ant colony algorithm:

[0088]

[0089] The ant colony algorithm implemented this time sets Z ants according to the number of entities provided by the company, and discretizes the strategy set of the hydrogen supply provider into multiple points. Therefore, the pricing strategy of the transaction entity can be expressed as:

[0090]

[0091] The initial value of the population is the initial value of the Nash equilibrium point. Through the continuous evolution of the population, the optimal individual is eventually obtained.

[0092] The two core parts of the ant colony algorithm are the state transfer function and the pheromone update mechanism. Ants choose another bidding strategy based on the state transfer function. In this paper, we set the state transfer function as:

[0093]

[0094] in, represents the probability that the ant chooses node j as the next node when it is at node i; τ i,j (t) represents the current pheromone concentration; α represents the pheromone heuristic factor. The larger α is, the more important the current node pheromone concentration is in the selection; β represents the expected heuristic factor. The larger β is, the more likely the ant is to choose a node that is closer. The present invention uses the following formula to dynamically obtain β:

[0095]

[0096] Where β0 is a constant, i represents the current iteration number, N itr The benefit of this design is that it expands the search scope in the early stages of problem solving to increase the randomness of the solution and speeds up convergence in the later stages.

[0097] During the evolution process, pheromones need to be updated and processed to obtain the pheromone amount of the new generation of individuals. The update formula is as follows:

[0098] τ i,j (t+1)=(1-ρ)τ i,j (t)+Δτ i,j (t),0≤ρ≤1

[0099] Where ρ is the evaporation coefficient of pheromone; τ i,j (t) represents the current amount of pheromone, Δτ i,j (t) is the calculation of the increase in pheromone increment, which is calculated by the following formula:

[0100]

[0101] L k Represents the path chosen by the ant colony.

[0102] By optimizing the model, the optimal transaction matching strategy is determined.

[0103] Incorporate the model implemented in step 3 into the trading mechanism. According to the order of the trading mechanism, implement the market access contract, market quotation contract, constraint management contract, market clearing contract, and market settlement contract respectively.

[0104] A trading entity registers on the blockchain through a market access contract, then publishes its purchasing needs based on the market quotation contract, and uses the improved ant colony algorithm to match transactions and determine the trading objects. After the constraint management contract confirms that the constraints are met, the market clearing contract realizes market clearing and concludes the transaction. Finally, the market settlement contract performs ownership transfer and fund settlement.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based hydrogen energy trusted auction transaction method, characterized by: Step 1: Collect hydrogen production data through IoT devices and build a trusted data space T(D) through an asynchronous consensus mechanism based on network sharding and parallel processing; Step 2: Use the evidence storage smart contract to convert the hydrogen energy production data in the trusted data space T(D) into the hydrogen energy consumption certificate HECC; the hydrogen energy consumption certificate is the mapping of hydrogen energy products in the trusted data space. The generation, ownership change, and consumption operation of hydrogen energy products during their life cycle are all one-to-one corresponded by the hydrogen energy consumption certificate in the trusted data space. The hydrogen energy consumption certificate is used for online transactions of hydrogen energy products on the Internet; Step 3: Based on the non-cooperative game model, the interest relationship between hydrogen energy supply and demand is analyzed, and a multi-party hydrogen energy trading model is constructed to achieve the optimal transaction matching in the hydrogen energy market.

2. A blockchain-based hydrogen energy trusted auction transaction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The asynchronous consensus mechanism based on network sharding and parallel processing is as follows: All data servers connected to the blockchain are regarded as data nodes in the blockchain. The data nodes in the blockchain are divided into multiple shards. In each shard, a master node is selected to handle data transactions. The master node continuously communicates with other data nodes in the shard where the master node is located, thereby realizing parallel processing of data on the chain. The i-th data node P i The probability of being selected as the primary node is as follows: Where Ti in the interval [0,1] represents the data node P i The score of being selected as the master node, σ, τ, v represent the importance coefficients of various capabilities, the importance coefficients are positive and the sum is 1; max pi (*) indicates that all nodes with data nodes P i The maximum value of the * item in the data nodes of the same shard, * represents E c , Cal, P o , S t , E c Represents data node P i The communication capability of participating in consensus reflects the data node P i The data transmission rate and communication range per unit time; Cal represents the data node P i The specific computing power used to verify data in consensus reflects the number of instructions that the CPU can execute per unit time, S t Represents data node P i Remaining storage space, P o Represents data node P i The inverse of the average distance to other data nodes, calculated by the following formula: d(i,j) represents the physical distance between data node i and data node j other than data node i, and N represents the number of data nodes in the shard.

3. A blockchain-based hydrogen energy trusted auction transaction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of step 2 is: When the hydrogen energy product is produced, the producer generates an empty data field through the smart contract and signs it as the initial certificate; after checking and confirming that it is correct, the producer signs it again and uploads it to the blockchain; the double-signed certificate represents the official production of the hydrogen energy product, and then extracts key information about the operation of the hydrogen energy product and stores it through the smart contract for evidence storage; after the final product is consumed by the consumer, the certificate is finally signed by the consumer, ending the life cycle of the product; Operations on hydrogen energy products include information entry, product transactions, ownership transfer, and product transportation. Key information includes timestamp, device ID, and blockchain block ID.

4. A blockchain-based hydrogen energy trusted auction transaction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The multi-party hydrogen energy trading model transforms the interest balance problem of hydrogen energy supply and demand parties into a Nash equilibrium problem, and uses an improved ant colony algorithm to solve it. The multi-party hydrogen energy trading model is as follows: Where T is the set of hydrogen energy demanders. Assuming there are n demanders, then T = {T1, T2, T3, …T i …,T n }; F is the set of hydrogen suppliers. Assuming there are m suppliers, then F = {F1, F2, F3, ... F j …,F m };X t Represents the amount of hydrogen energy stored, represents the pricing strategy set of hydrogen energy demanders, represents the bidding strategy set of hydrogen suppliers, Indicates the hydrogen energy demand side T i The profit function, Indicates hydrogen supplier F j The profit function of Indicates the production capacity, storage quantity, and credit constraints between the entities involved in the transaction; Indicates the amount of hydrogen traded, in, is the benefit function of the demand side, and the formula is as follows: in, and They represent the benefits and demand compliance of hydrogen energy demanders respectively; Represents the amount of hydrogen consumed by the demander, V k represents the operating cost of equipment k; is the benefit function of the supplier, and the formula is as follows: in For hydrogen supplier F j The supply of For the selling price, is the variable cost coefficient of hydrogen production on the supply side, For operating costs.

5. A multi-party hydrogen energy trading mechanism based on blockchain, whose characteristics include: On the basis of the trusted data space constructed by the blockchain, the supply-side and demand-side trading entities first apply for registration to the distributed organization management platform. After passing the application, they are included in the trading resource pool for management, and are authenticated and constrained according to the qualifications provided during registration. The trading entities included in the management provide trading agreements according to their own needs. The trading agreements include expected prices and supply quantities. After that, the distributed organization management platform provides the best trading strategy to the trading entities based on the multi-party hydrogen energy trading model and matches the trading objects. After waiting for the matched entities to agree to the transaction, the market is cleared and settled. Finally, the distributed organization management platform upgrades the data of the trading entity information considering the transaction results.

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