Aeration, deep scarification and fertilization integrated device

Abstract

The invention discloses an aeration, deep scarification and fertilization integrated device, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and specifically comprises a rear trailer frame, and a transverse assembly chute is integrally formed at the tail end of the rear trailer frame; the top of the rear trailer frame is respectively provided with an air source assembly and an air-jet fertilization system; a pneumatic stretching system is installed on the inner side of the assembling sliding groove, a deep scarification depth control system is installed on the pneumatic stretching system, and an aeration deep scarification system connected with the air source assembly is installed on the deep scarification depth control system. According to the deep scarification device, the depth of soil deep scarification operation can easily break through 70 cm or above, and the deep scarification depth can be flexibly adjusted according to the soil characteristics and the actual requirements of planted crops; a pneumatic extension system and a gas spraying fertilization system are combined, so that fixed-point double aeration deep scarification and synchronous fertilization operation of deep soil can be realized, and the whole aeration deep scarification fertilization operation process is small in resistance; and the service life of the agricultural machine can be effectively prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to an aeration deep tillage and fertilization integrated device. Background Art

[0002] In the field of agricultural planting, over time, long-term shallow tillage of the cultivated land will lead to the formation of a hard and dense plow bottom layer under the soil, seriously affecting the fertilizer retention and water storage capacity of the land, resulting in the shallowing of the organic matter layer in the cultivated soil and the reduction of biodiversity; therefore, in large farms or plantations, the soil in the planting area will be artificially repaired from time to time, commonly known as "soil improvement and land conservation."

[0003] At present, the common agricultural machinery for artificial "soil improvement and land conservation" mainly adopts sled-type deep tillage and loosening equipment, which is pulled by an agricultural tractor and continuously loosens the land while moving. At present, based on this type of deep loosening equipment, a new type of sled-type aeration deep loosening and fertilization equipment has emerged. However, both the traditional sled deep loosening equipment and the new type of aeration deep loosening and fertilization equipment are based on the traditional sled deep loosening equipment. Due to the long-term shallow tillage or sedimentation of the soil in the planting area, the bottom layer will become compacted. When pulling this type of sled-type deep loosening equipment, higher requirements are placed on the power of the agricultural tractor. Due to the power of the agricultural tractor, the depth of deep tillage and loosening generally does not exceed 50 cm. During the deep loosening of the soil, the agricultural machinery needs to run continuously at full load, which causes serious wear and tear on the equipment and affects its service life. Secondly, this type of sled-type deep loosening agricultural machinery is only suitable for continuous traction and loosening of the soil. It cannot implement fixed-point deep loosening and fertilization operations on the soil in a small designated area, and its operational flexibility is seriously insufficient.

[0004] To this end, we propose a new integrated agricultural aeration, deep tillage and fertilization device that is flexible in operation and driven by agricultural machinery. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated aeration and deep tillage and fertilization device to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] An integrated device for aeration and deep tillage and fertilization, comprising a rear trailer frame, a front end of which is fixed with a suspension connection seat for connecting with a rear suspension of an agricultural tractor, and a rear end of the rear trailer frame is integrally formed with an assembly slide groove with an opening facing backward and designed transversely, and the assembly slide groove is preferably a steel groove with a "C"-shaped cross section; since the device adopts soil aeration and deep tillage technology to aerate and deep tillage the soil while realizing the fertilization operation of agricultural fertilizer, and the entire equipment moves with the agricultural tractor during use, in order to reasonably utilize the rear drive transmission function of the agricultural tractor and independently generate a high-pressure air source, an air source component is installed on the top of the rear trailer frame, wherein the air source component includes a speed-increasing gear transmission, a piston air compressor and a compressed air storage tank, and the piston air compressor adopts an industrial-grade 4-6 MPa multi-stage compression piston air compressor to ensure that it is driven by the agricultural tractor to generate compressed air with sufficient pressure to meet the needs of soil aeration and deep tillage and fertilization.

[0008] Specifically, the rotating shaft of the piston air compressor is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the speed-increasing gear transmission gearbox. The input shaft of the speed-increasing gear transmission gearbox is equipped with a universal transmission shaft for drivingly connecting to the rear driving force transmission shaft of the agricultural tractor. The air output port of the piston air compressor is connected to the compressed air storage tank through an inflation pipe. A one-way valve is installed in the middle section of the inflation pipe to prevent air return when the piston air compressor delivers air into the compressed air storage tank.

[0009] Furthermore, in order to realize deep fertilization operations in the soil, an air spray fertilization system is installed on the top of the rear trailer frame; and a pneumatic extension system is installed on the inner side of the assembly slide, and a deep plowing depth control system is installed on the pneumatic extension system, and an air aeration deep plowing system connected to the air source assembly is installed on the deep plowing depth control system.

[0010] Furthermore, the pneumatic extension system includes two groups of extension components that are symmetrically designed with the central axis of the rear trailer frame as the center; each group of extension components includes a hollow extension arm that is slidably installed on the inner side of the assembly slide, and an extension cylinder is installed inside the extension arm of each group of extension components. The tail ends of the two extension cylinders are fixedly connected to the middle part of the inner side of the assembly slide through positioning columns. The extension and contraction of the extension cylinder drives the extension arm to extend and retract in the assembly slide, so as to adjust the lateral position of the air aeration deep loosening and change the distance between the two air aeration deep loosening probe bodies described below; the ends of the two extension arms are installed with articulated frames, and the top of the articulated frames is hinged with a guide track slide; the guide in each group of extension components A flip cylinder is installed between the track slide and the extension arm to drive the guide track slide to flip; a strip-shaped slot is opened in the middle of the guide track slide and close to the articulated frame; an avoidance slot is opened on the side of the extension arm; the avoidance slot is designed to facilitate the extension and retraction of the extension arm and prevent obstruction between the extension arm and the air source joint of the extension cylinder during movement. The extension and contraction of the flip cylinder drives the guide track slide to flip on the articulated frame. It should be further explained that after the flip cylinder is fully extended, the angle between the guide track slide and the assembly slide is a 90-degree vertical design; and after the flip cylinder is fully contracted, the angle between the guide track slide and the assembly slide is 45 degrees.

[0011] Furthermore, the pneumatic extension system also includes an air pressure regulator B and an electromagnetic valve D connected in series by a pipeline, the air pressure regulator B is connected to the compressed air storage tank through an air supply pipe C, and an electromagnetic valve E is installed in the middle section of the air supply pipe C; the air outlet port of the electromagnetic valve D is connected to the pneumatic electromagnetic valve island through the air supply pipe D; the air source ports of the extension cylinder and the flip cylinder are connected to the pneumatic electromagnetic valve island through the air supply pipe E; wherein, in order to protect the extension cylinder and the flip cylinder and avoid the risk of cylinder explosion due to excessive air source pressure, the output air pressure of the air pressure regulator B is set at the air pressure that is safely used for conventional pneumatic telescopic cylinders. The pressure range is 0.6-1Mpa. At the same time, a solenoid valve E is installed between the air supply pipe C connecting the air pressure regulator B and the compressed air storage tank. Its main function is to maintain the internal pressure of the compressed air storage tank. At the same time, it is also for the subsequent extension unit to cut off the air source when maintaining or adjusting the set value of the air pressure regulator B. The extension cylinder and flip cylinder in each group of extension components are supplied with air by the pneumatic solenoid valve island. With the help of the multi-unit integrated gas adjustment function of the pneumatic solenoid valve island itself, each cylinder can be independently controlled, which greatly improves the operational flexibility of the extension mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, the deep tillage depth control system includes a hydraulic diverter valve and two sets of push-down mechanisms, wherein the main interface of the hydraulic diverter valve is used to connect to the hydraulic drive system of the agricultural tractor, and the depth of the aeration probe penetrating into the soil is controlled by the hydraulic system of the agricultural tractor, thereby adjusting the depth of aeration and deep tillage fertilization.

[0013] Specifically, the two groups of pushing mechanisms are respectively installed on the two groups of extension components; and each group of pushing mechanisms includes a hydraulic solenoid valve island, a first-level pushing hydraulic cylinder and a second-level pushing hydraulic cylinder; wherein, the hydraulic connection ports of the first-level pushing hydraulic cylinder and the second-level pushing hydraulic cylinder are connected to the hydraulic solenoid valve island, and the hydraulic solenoid valve island and the hydraulic diverter valve are connected through hydraulic oil pipes, and the multi-unit integrated control of the hydraulic solenoid valve island is utilized. When the same oil pressure system is the power source, the first-level pushing hydraulic cylinder and the second-level pushing hydraulic cylinder can be independently controlled, so that the aeration probe depth and soil depth adjustment in the two groups of air aeration deep loosening systems can be more flexible and changeable.

[0014] Furthermore, in order to achieve the effect of controlling the insertion depth of the aeration probe into the soil, and also to cooperate with the air aeration deep loosening system to complete the aeration deep loosening and fertilization operation of the deep soil, the first-level push-down hydraulic cylinder is invertedly installed on the back of the guide rail slide and close to the top, and a push-pull frame is installed on the telescopic end of the first-level push-down hydraulic cylinder, and at the same time, a mounting seat that slides with the front of the guide rail slide is installed on one side of the push-pull frame after passing through the avoidance slot, and the second-level push-down hydraulic cylinder is vertically installed on the mounting seat; the hydraulic solenoid valve island is installed on the articulated frame in the extension assembly; at the same time, in order to realize the aeration deep loosening and fertilization operation, the second-level push-down hydraulic cylinder adopts a two-way double-rod hydraulic cylinder with a stroke of 50-70 cm; and the telescopic shaft of the second-level push-down hydraulic cylinder adopts a hollow design with both ends pierced, so that the high-pressure airflow can pass through the telescopic shaft of the second-level push-down hydraulic cylinder and enter the aeration probe, thereby realizing aeration and fertilization.

[0015] Furthermore, in order to achieve deep tillage of the land, the air aeration deep tillage system includes an aeration gas storage tank, two buffer chambers and two aeration probes; the aeration gas storage tank is connected to the compressed air storage tank through a pipeline, and an electromagnetic valve F is installed on the pipeline connecting the aeration gas storage tank and the compressed air storage tank; the main function of the electromagnetic valve F is to cut off the air source when the subsequent air aeration deep tillage system is maintained and when the pressure limit value of the air pressure regulator C is adjusted, so as to improve operation safety.

[0016] Furthermore, the air aeration deep loosening system also includes an air pressure regulator C and an electromagnetic valve G connected in series by pipelines, the air pressure regulator C is connected to the aeration gas storage tank through a high-pressure gas pipeline, the air outlet port of the electromagnetic valve G is connected to an air pipeline F, the ends of the air pipeline F are each connected to an air pipeline G through a three-way joint, the two air pipelines G are respectively connected to two buffer chambers, and the two buffer chambers are respectively installed at the upper ends of the telescopic shafts of the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinders in the two sets of push-down mechanisms; the two aeration probes are respectively installed at the lower ends of the telescopic shafts of the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinders in the two sets of push-down mechanisms ; The function of the air pressure regulator C is mainly to adjust the output air pressure value during aeration, so that the operator can adjust the output air pressure according to the soil aeration depth requirements to ensure the smooth completion of aeration and deep loosening operations in soil layers at different depths. The solenoid valve G is the aeration switch. When the solenoid valve G is opened, the high-pressure gas is transported to the two buffer chambers through the air pipes F and G, and then enters the aeration probe through the telescopic shaft with a hollow structure design in the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinder, and is finally released in the soil layer to achieve soil aeration and deep loosening operations; It should be noted that each time aeration and deep loosening are performed.

[0017] Furthermore, the aeration probe comprises a probe body of a hollow structure, the bottom end of the probe body is integrally formed with a solid pointed cone end, the design of the pointed cone end is mainly to reduce the resistance of the aeration probe after being inserted into the soil layer; the top end of the probe body is integrally formed with a docking joint for connecting with the lower end of the telescopic shaft of the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinder, and the probe body is detachably threadedly connected to the lower end of the telescopic shaft of the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinder through the docking joint, so that users can flexibly replace aeration probes of different lengths according to their needs, and it is also convenient for users to clean the closed holes on the aeration probe after removing the aeration probe; in order to make the deep soil Aeration deep loosening and fertilization can radiate toward the edge with the aeration probe as the center, and an upwardly protruding dispersion cone is integrally formed at the top of the pointed cone end, which is located on the inner side of the probe body, and a number of aeration holes are provided on the side wall of the probe body at equal distances around the circumference at the bottom of the dispersion cone. In order to make full use of the instantaneous burst energy of compressed air and implement effective aeration operations on the soil, and to prevent the aeration holes from being blocked by soil when the aeration probe is inserted into the soil, the aeration holes are arranged at an upward inclination angle of 45-60 degrees as a whole, and a circular arc transition design is adopted between the bottom of the aeration hole and the bottom of the dispersion cone.

[0018] Furthermore, the buffer chamber includes a tank body installed at the upper end of the telescopic shaft of the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinder, and an aeration connection port for connecting the air pipe G is integrally formed at the center position of the top of the tank body; and a fertilization connection port is integrally formed on the side of the top of the tank body, and a hollow positioning frame is integrally formed at the center position of the inner side of the fertilization connection port, and an inverted T-shaped cap is slidably installed at the center position of the hollow positioning frame, and the round cap size of the T-shaped cap is adapted to the size of the fertilization connection port. After the straight rod of the T-shaped cap slides through the hollow positioning frame, a limiting claw is horizontally fixed, and a spring is provided between the limiting claw and the hollow positioning frame. The design of the T-shaped cap, the hollow positioning frame, the limiting claw and the spring inside the fertilization connection port is mainly to temporarily block the bottom outlet of the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank, and also to prevent the air inside the buffer chamber from entering the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank, so as to provide a basis for the air aeration deep loosening system and the air spray fertilization system to realize front and rear air aeration, and also to enable the smooth infusion of water and fertilizer into the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank during the interval of air aeration operation.

[0019] It needs to be further explained that the top of the tank body is hemispherical in design, and the middle part of the tank body is conical in design as a whole, so that the top of the entire buffer chamber internal space is a hemispherical cavity design, and the middle part is a funnel-shaped design. After the high-pressure gas enters the buffer chamber through the pipeline, the space becomes larger instantly, causing the compressed air to expand, and the flow rate of the central airflow and the edge airflow differs. Due to the continuous output of high-pressure gas, the high-pressure gas entering the buffer chamber from the aeration connection port and the fertilization connection port forms a cyclone in the buffer chamber. The design of the buffer chamber is mainly to allow the high-pressure gas to expand rapidly and generate a local cyclone after entering the tank body, so that the cyclone generated by the high-pressure gas impacts the water and fertilizer entering the buffer chamber, disperses the water and fertilizer to make it atomized, and quickly enters the aeration probe with the high-pressure gas, and finally enters the deep soil with the ejection of gas, thereby realizing the simultaneous operation of aeration, deep loosening and fertilization.

[0020] Furthermore, in order to cooperate with the air aeration deep loosening system to synchronously complete the fertilization operation of the deep soil, the air spray fertilization system includes a water-fertilizer box, an air spray gas storage tank and two water-fertilizer temporary storage tanks; the two water-fertilizer temporary storage tanks are respectively installed on the fertilization connection ports on the two buffer chambers, and a delivery pump is installed at the bottom of the water-fertilizer box. The output port of the delivery pump is connected to the two water-fertilizer temporary storage tanks through two fertilizer delivery pipes, and the two fertilizer delivery pipes are respectively installed with an electromagnetic valve A at one end close to the water-fertilizer temporary storage tank. The function of the electromagnetic valve A is to prevent the high-pressure gas entering the water-fertilizer temporary storage tank from flowing back into the fertilizer delivery pipe.

[0021] Furthermore, the air spray gas storage tank and the compressed air storage tank are connected by a pipeline, and an electromagnetic valve B is installed on the pipeline connecting the air spray gas storage tank and the compressed air storage tank. The function of the electromagnetic valve B is to cut off the air source when the subsequent air spray fertilization system is maintained and the pressure limit value of the air pressure regulator A is adjusted to improve operation safety.

[0022] Furthermore, the air spray fertilization system also includes an air pressure regulator A and an electromagnetic valve C connected in series by a pipeline; the air pressure regulator A is connected to the air outlet port of the air spray storage tank through a high-pressure air pipeline; the air outlet port of the electromagnetic valve C is connected to the air pipe A, and the end of the air pipe A is connected to two air pipes B through a three-way joint, and the end of the air pipe B is connected to the top of the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank, wherein the function of the air pressure regulator A is to adjust the air pressure value output during air spraying, so that it can be adaptively adjusted according to the air pressure value in the air aeration deep loosening system, so that the air spray fertilization system can be combined with the air aeration deep loosening system to implement double aeration deep loosening operations on the deep soil layer.

[0023] It needs to be further explained that the opening time of the solenoid valve C in the air spray fertilization system is delayed by 0.5 seconds to 1 second compared with the solenoid valve G in the air aeration deep loosening system. With the help of the air aeration deep loosening system, the soil is first aerated and deep loosened to expand the soil gaps. The high-pressure gas in the air spray fertilization system follows the air aeration deep loosening system and implements a second air aeration in the soil. While further expanding the soil gaps and crack depth, the high-pressure air in the second air aeration carries atomized water and fertilizer, which can effectively enter the deep soil layer and achieve the effect of deep soil fertilization.

[0024] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the smooth injection of water and fertilizer into the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank during the preparatory interval of the air aeration deep tillage operation, the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank is arranged at an inclined angle at the top of the buffer chamber. After the guide track chute is tilted, the horizontal height of the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank is lower than the buffer chamber. In the preparation process before the implementation of air aeration deep tillage and fertilization, for example, when the agricultural tractor towing equipment moves, the entire deep tillage depth control system controls the first-level push-down hydraulic cylinder and the second-level push-down hydraulic cylinder to reset, so that the mounting seat and the aeration probe are lifted and off the ground, and the flip cylinder in the pneumatic extension system contracts, so that the entire guide track chute and the aeration probe are tilted, further lifting the aeration probe. At this time, the fertilization connection port of the buffer chamber is higher than the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank. When the delivery pump is working, water and fertilizer are delivered to the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank to expel gas. Open the T-shaped cap and discharge from the buffer chamber; when the water and fertilizer are injected, the solenoid valve A is closed, and the T-shaped cap temporarily blocks the fertilization connection port under the action of the spring and the limit claw to prevent the water and fertilizer from leaking out of the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank during the vertical insertion of the aeration probe into the soil. After the soil is aerated and deep loosened by the air aeration deep loosening system, the solenoid valve C in the air spray fertilization system is opened, and high-pressure compressed air quickly rushes into the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank, causing the internal air pressure of the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank to suddenly increase. At the same time, the T-shaped cap is pushed open to seal the fertilization connection port, and the high-pressure gas carries the water and fertilizer and quickly enters the buffer chamber. In the process of the high-pressure gas filling the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank and entering the buffer chamber and the inside of the aeration probe, the water and fertilizer are atomized, and the atomized water and fertilizer are rushed into the soil with the high-pressure gas to implement the deep soil fertilization operation.

[0025] Furthermore, in order to adapt to the aeration deep loosening of soil layers at different depths, the output air pressure of the air pressure regulator A and the air pressure regulator C is 1.5-5Mpa; and, for the safety of the entire equipment during operation, the rated pressures of the compressed air storage tank, the air spray storage tank and the aeration storage tank are all greater than 6Mpa, and a 6Mpa safety pressure relief valve is provided at the bottom of the air compression storage tank, the air spray storage tank and the aeration storage tank.

[0026] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the automated control of aeration, deep tillage and fertilization, a main control box is also installed at the front end of the rear trailer frame, and the main control box is also electrically connected to solenoid valve A, solenoid valve B, solenoid valve C, solenoid valve D, solenoid valve E, solenoid valve F, solenoid valve G, pneumatic solenoid valve island, hydraulic solenoid valve island and delivery pump, so that the main control box can issue control instructions to the corresponding solenoid valve or valve island, thereby completing the coordinated operation between various mechanisms and systems.

[0027] Beneficial effects:

[0028] The present invention is a mounted agricultural machinery device on an agricultural tractor, which is towed by the rear suspension of the agricultural tractor and cooperates with the rear drive transmission mechanism to provide power to independently generate a stable air source. Moreover, the entire device is provided with a needle-type aeration deep loosening system and a deep loosening depth control system, which can not only make the soil deep loosening operation depth easily exceed 70 cm, effectively improve the internal structure of the deep soil, but also can flexibly adjust the deep loosening depth according to the soil characteristics and the actual needs of planting crops; at the same time, combined with the settings of the pneumatic extension system and the air spray fertilization system, the agricultural machinery carrier can not only implement fixed-point aeration according to needs, but also can effectively improve the internal structure of the deep soil, and can also ... Deep aeration loosening, and the air spray fertilization system combined with the deep aeration loosening system can realize front and rear double aeration deep loosening, and at the same time, it can effectively carry out synchronous fertilization operations on the deep soil. The whole aeration deep loosening and fertilization operation process has low resistance; the power requirement for agricultural machinery is much smaller than the current sled-type traction deep loosening equipment, and the agricultural machinery does not need to be carried at full load throughout the whole process, which can effectively extend the service life of the agricultural machinery. In addition, the aeration deep loosening process is only implemented by the aeration probe penetrating into the soil. Compared with traditional tillage and sled deep loosening operations, it has a better protective effect on the soil surface structure, and can effectively reduce the loss of water inside the surface soil after deep loosening. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 The overall structure of the aeration deep tillage and fertilization integrated device of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 2 The overall structure of the aeration deep tillage and fertilization integrated device of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 3 The overall structure of the aeration deep tillage and fertilization integrated device of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 3 ;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the combination of the air spray fertilization system, the pneumatic extension system, the deep tillage depth control system and the air aeration deep tillage system in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 The structure of the pneumatic extension system in the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 6 The structure of the pneumatic extension system in the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0035] Figure 7 The structure of the deep tillage depth control system in the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 8The structure of the deep tillage depth control system in the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0037] Fig. 9 The structure of the air aeration deep loosening system in the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0038] Fig.10 The structure of the air aeration deep loosening system in the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0039] Fig.11 The structure of the air spray fertilization system of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0040] Fig.12 The structure of the air spray fertilization system of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0041] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the buffer chamber in the air aeration deep loosening system of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the aeration probe in the air aeration deep loosening system of the present invention.

[0043] In the figure: 1. rear trailer frame; 2. speed increasing gearbox; 3. piston air compressor; 4. compressed air storage tank; 5. air spray fertilization system; 501. water fertilizer tank; 502. air spray air storage tank; 503. water fertilizer temporary storage tank; 504. delivery pump; 505. fertilizer delivery pipe; 506. solenoid valve A; 507. solenoid valve B; 508. air pressure regulator A; 509. solenoid valve C; 510. air delivery pipe A; 511. air delivery pipe B; 6 , pneumatic extension system; 601, extension arm; 602, articulated frame; 603, guide rail slide; 604, flip cylinder; 605, slot hole; 606, extension cylinder; 607, positioning column; 608, gas pipe C; 609, gas pressure regulator B; 610, solenoid valve D; 611, solenoid valve E; 612, gas pipe D; 613, pneumatic solenoid valve island; 614, gas pipe E; 615, avoidance notch; 7, deep plowing depth control control system; 701, hydraulic diverter valve; 702, hydraulic solenoid valve island; 703, first-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder; 704, mounting seat; 705, push-pull frame; 706, second-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder; 707, hydraulic oil pipe; 8, gas aeration deep loosening system; 801, aeration gas storage tank; 802, solenoid valve F; 803, gas pressure regulator C; 804, solenoid valve G; 805, gas pipeline F; 806, gas pipeline G; 807, buffer chamber; 871. Tank body; 872. Aeration connection port; 873. Fertilization connection port; 874. Hollow positioning frame; 875. T-shaped cap; 876. Limit claw; 877. Spring; 808. Aeration probe; 881. Probe body; 882. Docking joint; 883. Dispersion cone; 884. Aeration hole; 9. Assembly slide; 10. Universal drive shaft; 11. Main control box; 12. Suspension connection seat; 13. Inflation pipe; 14. One-way valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the present invention will be briefly introduced below in combination with the drawings and the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following description of the structure of the drawings is only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0045] Example:

[0046] For the currently common sled-type deep tillage and loosening equipment, when using agricultural tractors for traction, there are high requirements for the power of agricultural tractors. And limited by the power of conventional agricultural tractors, the depth of deep tillage and loosening generally does not exceed 50 cm. In addition, during the deep loosening of the soil, the agricultural machinery needs to run continuously at full load, which causes serious wear and tear on the equipment and affects its service life. Secondly, this sled-type deep loosening agricultural machinery is only suitable for continuous traction and loosening of the soil, and cannot implement fixed-point deep loosening and fertilization operations on the soil in a small designated area. The problem of its serious lack of operational flexibility, we have proposed a new agricultural aeration deep loosening and fertilization integrated device that is flexible in operation and driven by agricultural machinery; the specific plan is as follows:

[0047] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the present embodiment provides an integrated aeration and deep loosening and fertilization device, including a rear trailer frame 1, a front end of the rear trailer frame 1 is fixed with a suspension connection seat 12 for connecting with the rear suspension of the rear agricultural tractor, and at the same time, an assembly slide 9 with an opening facing backward and designed horizontally is integrally formed at the tail end of the rear trailer frame 1, and the assembly slide 9 is preferably a steel trough with a "C"-shaped cross section; since the present device adopts soil aeration and deep loosening technology to implement aeration and deep loosening of the soil while realizing the fertilization operation of agricultural fertilizers, and the entire equipment moves with the agricultural tractor during use, in order to reasonably utilize the rear drive transmission function of the agricultural tractor and independently generate a high-pressure air source, an air source component is installed on the top of the rear trailer frame 1, wherein the air source component includes a speed-increasing gear transmission 2, a piston air compressor 3 and a compressed air storage tank 4, and the piston air compressor 3 adopts an industrial-grade 4-6 MPa multi-stage compression piston air compressor 3 to ensure that the compressed air with sufficient pressure is generated in cooperation with the agricultural tractor to meet the needs of soil aeration and deep loosening and fertilization.

[0048] Specifically, the rotating shaft of the piston air compressor 3 is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the speed-increasing gear transmission box 2. The input shaft of the speed-increasing gear transmission box 2 is equipped with a universal transmission shaft 10 for drivingly connecting to the rear driving force transmission shaft of the agricultural tractor. The air output port of the piston air compressor 3 is connected to the compressed air storage tank 4 through an inflation pipe 13. A one-way valve 14 is installed in the middle section of the inflation pipe 13 to prevent air return when the piston air compressor 3 delivers air to the compressed air storage tank 4.

[0049] The rear drive shaft of the agricultural tractor is connected to the input end of the speed-increasing gear box 2 through the universal joint transmission shaft 10. After passing through the speed-increasing gear box 2, the piston punching machine is driven to operate at an output speed much higher than that of the rear drive shaft of the agricultural tractor. This can avoid the normal working requirements of the piston air compressor 3 and the need to increase the speed of the rear drive shaft of the agricultural tractor to meet the speed requirement of the air compressor, thereby avoiding continuous high-load operation of the agricultural tractor.

[0050] In order to realize the deep fertilization operation of the soil, an air spray fertilization system 5 is also installed on the top of the rear trailer frame 1; and a pneumatic extension system 6 is installed on the inner side of the assembly slide 9, and a deep plowing depth control system 7 is also installed on the pneumatic extension system 6, and an air aeration deep plowing system 8 connected with the air source component is installed on the deep plowing depth control system 7.

[0051] like Figure 1-6 As shown, the pneumatic extension system 6 includes two groups of extension components designed symmetrically with the central axis of the rear trailer frame 1 as the center; each group of extension components includes a hollow extension arm 601 slidably installed on the inner side of the assembly slide 9, and an extension cylinder 606 is installed inside the extension arm 601 of each group of extension components. The tail ends of the two extension cylinders 606 are fixedly connected to the middle part of the inner side of the assembly slide 9 through the positioning column 607. The extension and contraction of the extension cylinder 606 drive the extension arm 601 to extend and retract in the assembly slide 9, so as to adjust the lateral position of the air aeration deep loosening and change the distance between the two air aeration deep loosening probe bodies 881 described below; the ends of the two extension arms 601 are installed with articulated frames 602, and the top of the articulated frames 602 is hinged with a guide rail slide 603; the guide rail slide 603 and the extension arm in each group of extension components A flip cylinder 604 is installed between 601 for driving the guide rail slide 603 to flip; a strip-shaped slot 605 is opened in the middle of the guide rail slide 603 and close to the articulated frame 602; an avoidance slot 615 is opened on the side of the extension arm 601; the design of the avoidance slot 615 mainly facilitates the extension and retraction of the extension arm 601 to prevent obstruction between the extension arm 601 and the air source joint of the extension cylinder 606 during the movement. The extension and contraction of the flip cylinder 604 drives the guide rail slide 603 to flip on the articulated frame 602. It should be further explained that after the flip cylinder 604 is fully expanded, the angle between the guide rail slide 603 and the assembly slide 9 is a 90-degree vertical design; and after the flip cylinder 604 is fully contracted, the angle between the guide rail slide 603 and the assembly slide 9 is 45 degrees.

[0052] like Figure 5-6As shown, the pneumatic extension system 6 also includes an air pressure regulator B609 and a solenoid valve D610 connected in series by pipelines. The air pressure regulator B609 is connected to the compressed air storage tank 4 through an air supply pipe C608, and a solenoid valve E611 is installed in the middle section of the air supply pipe C608; the air outlet port of the solenoid valve D610 is connected to the pneumatic solenoid valve island 613 through an air supply pipe D612; the air source ports of the extension cylinder 606 and the flip cylinder 604 are connected to the pneumatic solenoid valve island 613 through an air supply pipe E614; wherein, in order to protect the extension cylinder 606 and the flip cylinder 604 and avoid the risk of cylinder explosion due to excessive air source pressure, the output air pressure of the air pressure regulator B609 is set at the conventional pneumatic extension system. The air pressure range for safe use of the cylinder is 0.6-1Mpa. At the same time, a solenoid valve E611 is installed between the air supply pipe C608 connecting the air pressure regulator B609 and the compressed air storage tank 4. Its main function is to maintain the internal pressure of the compressed air storage tank 4, and to cut off the air source when the subsequent extension unit is maintained or the set value of the air pressure regulator B609 is adjusted. The extension cylinder 606 and the flip cylinder 604 in each group of extension components are supplied with air by the pneumatic solenoid valve island 613. With the help of the multi-unit integrated air conditioning function of the pneumatic solenoid valve island 613 itself, each cylinder can be independently controlled, which greatly improves the operational flexibility of the extension mechanism.

[0053] like Figure 7-8 As shown, the deep tillage depth control system 7 includes a hydraulic diverter valve 701 and two sets of push-down mechanisms, wherein the main interface of the hydraulic diverter valve 701 is used to connect to the hydraulic drive system of the agricultural tractor, and the depth of the aeration probe 808 inside the soil is controlled by the hydraulic system of the agricultural tractor, thereby adjusting the depth of aeration and deep tillage fertilization.

[0054] Specifically, the two groups of pushing mechanisms are respectively installed on the two groups of extension components; and each group of pushing mechanisms includes a hydraulic solenoid valve island 702, a first-level pushing hydraulic cylinder 703 and a second-level pushing hydraulic cylinder 706; wherein, the hydraulic connection ports of the first-level pushing hydraulic cylinder 703 and the second-level pushing hydraulic cylinder 706 are connected to the hydraulic solenoid valve island 702, and the hydraulic solenoid valve island 702 and the hydraulic diverter valve 701 are connected through hydraulic oil pipes 707. By utilizing the multi-unit integrated control of the hydraulic solenoid valve island 702, when the same oil pressure system is the power source, the first-level pushing hydraulic cylinder 703 and the second-level pushing hydraulic cylinder 706 can be independently controlled, so that the depth adjustment of the aeration probes 808 in the two groups of air aeration deep loosening systems 8 can be more flexible and changeable.

[0055] In order to achieve the effect of controlling the insertion depth of the aeration probe 808 into the soil, and also to cooperate with the air aeration deep loosening system 8 to complete the aeration deep loosening and fertilization operation of the deep soil, such as Figure 4As shown, the first-level push-down hydraulic cylinder 703 is invertedly installed on the back of the guide rail slide 603 and close to the top, and a push-pull frame 705 is installed at the telescopic end of the first-level push-down hydraulic cylinder 703, and at the same time, a mounting seat 704 that slides with the front of the guide rail slide 603 is installed on one side of the push-pull frame 705 after passing through the avoidance slot 615, and the second-level push-down hydraulic cylinder 706 is vertically installed on the mounting seat 704; the hydraulic solenoid valve island 702 is installed on the articulated frame 602 in the extension assembly; at the same time, in order to realize the aeration deep loosening and fertilization operation, the second-level push-down hydraulic cylinder 706 adopts a two-way double-rod hydraulic cylinder with a stroke of 50-70 cm; and the telescopic shaft of the second-level push-down hydraulic cylinder 706 adopts a hollow design with both ends penetrated, so that the high-pressure airflow can pass through the telescopic shaft of the second-level push-down hydraulic cylinder 706 and enter the aeration probe 808, thereby realizing aeration and fertilization.

[0056] In order to achieve deep loosening of the land, Figure 9-10 As shown, the aeration deep tillage system 8 includes an aeration gas storage tank 801, two buffer chambers 807 and two aeration probes 808; the aeration gas storage tank 801 is connected to the compressed air storage tank 4 through a pipeline, and a solenoid valve F802 is installed on the pipeline connecting the aeration gas storage tank 801 and the compressed air storage tank 4; the main function of the solenoid valve F802 is to cut off the air source when the subsequent aeration deep tillage system 8 is maintained and the pressure limit value of the air pressure regulator C803 is adjusted, so as to improve the safety of the operation.

[0057] The air aeration deep loosening system 8 also includes an air pressure regulator C803 and an electromagnetic valve G804 connected in series by pipelines. The air pressure regulator C803 is connected to the aeration gas storage tank 801 through a high-pressure gas pipeline. The gas outlet port of the electromagnetic valve G804 is connected to a gas pipeline F805. The ends of the gas pipeline F805 are each connected to a gas pipeline G806 through a three-way joint. The two gas pipelines G806 are respectively connected to two buffer chambers 807. The two buffer chambers 807 are respectively installed at the upper ends of the telescopic shafts of the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinders 706 in the two sets of push-down mechanisms; the two aeration probes 808 are respectively installed in the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinders 706 in the two sets of push-down mechanisms. The lower end of the telescopic shaft of the hydraulic cylinder 706; the function of the air pressure regulator C803 is mainly to adjust the output air pressure value during aeration, so that the operator can adjust the output air pressure according to the soil aeration depth requirements to ensure the smooth completion of aeration and deep loosening operations in soil layers at different depths, and the solenoid valve G804 is the aeration switch. When the solenoid valve G804 is opened, the high-pressure gas is transported to the two buffer chambers 807 through the air pipes F805 and G806, and then enters the aeration probe 808 through the telescopic shaft of the hollow structure design of the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinder 706, and is finally released in the soil layer to realize the aeration and deep loosening operation of the soil.

[0058] like Fig.14 As shown, the aeration probe 808 includes a probe body 881 of a hollow structure, and the bottom end of the probe body 881 is integrally formed with a solid pointed cone end, and the design of the pointed cone end is mainly to reduce the resistance of the aeration probe 808 after it is inserted into the soil layer; the top of the probe body 881 is integrally formed with a docking joint 882 for connecting with the lower end of the telescopic shaft of the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinder 706, and the probe body 881 is detachably threadedly connected to the lower end of the telescopic shaft of the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinder 706 through the docking joint 882, so that users can flexibly replace aeration probes 808 of different lengths according to their needs, and it is also convenient for users to remove the aeration probe 808 and clean the closed hole on the aeration probe 808; in order to make the soil Deep aeration, deep loosening and fertilization can radiate toward the edge with the aeration probe 808 as the center. An upwardly protruding dispersion cone 883 is integrally formed at the top of the pointed cone end, which is located on the inner side of the probe body 881. A number of aeration holes 884 are provided on the side wall of the probe body 881 at equal distances around the circumference at the bottom of the dispersion cone 883. In order to make full use of the instantaneous burst energy of compressed air to effectively aerate the soil, and to prevent the aeration holes 884 from being blocked by soil when the aeration probe 808 is inserted into the soil, the aeration holes 884 are arranged at an upward inclination angle of 45-60 degrees as a whole, and a circular arc transition design is adopted between the bottom of the aeration hole 884 and the bottom of the dispersion cone 883.

[0059] like Fig.13 As shown, the buffer chamber 807 includes a tank body 871 installed at the upper end of the telescopic shaft of the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinder 706, and an aeration connection port 872 for connecting the gas pipe G806 is integrally formed at the center position of the top of the tank body 871; and a fertilization connection port 873 is integrally formed on the side of the top of the tank body 871, and a hollow positioning frame 874 is integrally formed at the center position of the inner side of the fertilization connection port 873, and an inverted T-shaped cap 875 is slidably installed at the center position of the hollow positioning frame 874, and the round cap size of the T-shaped cap 875 is adapted to the size of the fertilization connection port 873, and the straight rod of the T-shaped cap 875 slides through the hollow positioning frame 874. A limiting claw 876 is fixed horizontally behind the positioning frame 874, and a spring 877 is provided between the limiting claw 876 and the hollow positioning frame 874. The T-shaped cap 875, the hollow positioning frame 874, the limiting claw 876 and the spring 877 inside the fertilization connection port 873 are designed mainly to temporarily block the bottom outlet of the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank 503, and also to prevent the air inside the buffer chamber 807 from entering the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank 503, so as to provide a basis for the air aeration deep loosening system 8 and the air spray fertilization system 5 to realize front and rear air aeration, and also to enable water and fertilizer to be smoothly poured into the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank 503 during the interval of air aeration operation.

[0060] It needs to be further explained that: the top of the tank body 871 is designed in a hemispherical shape, and the middle part of the tank body 871 is designed in a conical shape as a whole, so that the top of the internal space of the entire buffer chamber 807 is designed in a hemispherical cavity, and the middle part is designed in a funnel shape. After the high-pressure gas enters the buffer chamber 807 through the pipeline, the space becomes larger instantly, causing the compressed air to expand, and the flow rate of the central airflow and the edge airflow is different. Due to the continuous output of the high-pressure gas, the high-pressure gas entering the buffer chamber 807 from the aeration connection port 872 and the fertilization connection port 873 forms a cyclone in the buffer chamber 807. The design of the buffer chamber 807 is mainly to allow the high-pressure gas to expand rapidly and generate a local cyclone after entering the tank body 871, so that the cyclone generated by the high-pressure gas impacts the water and fertilizer entering the buffer chamber 807, disperses the water and fertilizer to make it atomized, and quickly enters the aeration probe 808 with the high-pressure gas, and finally enters the deep soil with the ejection of the gas, thereby realizing the simultaneous operation of aeration, deep loosening and fertilization.

[0061] In order to cooperate with the air aeration deep loosening system 8 to synchronously complete the deep soil fertilization operation, such as Figure 11-12 As shown, the air spray fertilization system 5 includes a water-fertilizer box 501, an air spray gas storage tank 502 and two water-fertilizer temporary storage tanks 503; the two water-fertilizer temporary storage tanks 503 are respectively installed on the fertilization connection ports 873 on the two buffer chambers 807, and a delivery pump 504 is installed at the bottom of the water-fertilizer box 501. The output port of the delivery pump 504 is connected to the two water-fertilizer temporary storage tanks 503 through two fertilizer delivery pipes 505, and the two fertilizer delivery pipes 505 are respectively installed with an electromagnetic valve A506 at one end close to the water-fertilizer temporary storage tank 503. The function of the electromagnetic valve A506 is to prevent the high-pressure gas entering the water-fertilizer temporary storage tank 503 from flowing back into the fertilizer delivery pipe 505.

[0062] The air spray storage tank 502 is connected to the compressed air storage tank 4 through a pipeline, and an electromagnetic valve B507 is installed on the pipeline connecting the air spray storage tank 502 and the compressed air storage tank 4. The function of the electromagnetic valve B507 is to cut off the air source when the subsequent air spray fertilization system 5 is maintained and when the pressure limit value of the air pressure regulator A508 is adjusted, so as to improve operation safety.

[0063] The air spray fertilization system 5 also includes an air pressure regulator A508 and an electromagnetic valve C509 connected in series by a pipeline; the air pressure regulator A508 is connected to the air outlet port of the air spray gas storage tank 502 through a high-pressure air pipeline; the air outlet port of the electromagnetic valve C509 is connected to an air pipe A510, and the end of the air pipe A510 is connected to two air pipes B511 through a three-way joint, and the end of the air pipe B511 is connected to the top of the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank 503, wherein the function of the air pressure regulator A508 is to adjust the air pressure value output during air spraying, so that it can be adaptively adjusted according to the air pressure value in the air aeration deep loosening system 8, so that the air spray fertilization system 5 can be combined with the air aeration deep loosening system 8 to implement double aeration deep loosening operations on the deep soil layer.

[0064] It needs to be further explained that the opening time of the solenoid valve C509 in the air-spray fertilization system 5 is delayed by 0.5 seconds to 1 second compared with the solenoid valve G804 in the air-aeration deep loosening system 8. With the help of the air-aeration deep loosening system 8, the soil is first aerated and deep loosened to expand the soil gaps. The high-pressure gas in the air-spray fertilization system 5 follows the air-aeration deep loosening system 8 and implements a second air aeration in the soil. While further expanding the soil gaps and crack depth, the high-pressure air in the second air aeration carries atomized water and fertilizer, which can effectively enter the deep soil layer and achieve the effect of deep soil fertilization.

[0065] In order to facilitate the smooth injection of water and fertilizer into the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank 503 during the preparatory interval of the air aeration deep tillage operation, the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank 503 is set at an inclined angle at the top of the buffer chamber 807. After the guide track chute 603 is tilted, the horizontal height of the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank 503 is lower than the buffer chamber 807. In the preparation process before the implementation of air aeration deep tillage and fertilization, for example, when the agricultural tractor towing equipment moves, the entire deep tillage depth control system 7 controls the first-level push-down hydraulic cylinder 703 and the second-level push-down hydraulic cylinder 706 to reset, so that the mounting seat 704 and the aeration probe 808 are lifted and off the ground, and the flip cylinder 604 in the pneumatic extension system 6 contracts, so that the entire guide track chute 603 and the aeration probe 808 are tilted, further lifting the aeration probe 808. At this time, the fertilization connection port 873 of the buffer chamber 807 is higher than the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank 503. When the delivery pump 504 is working, water and fertilizer are delivered to the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank 503, and the gas is expelled to open the top. When the water and fertilizer are injected, the solenoid valve A506 is closed, and the T-shaped cap 875 temporarily blocks the fertilization connection port 873 under the action of the spring 877 and the limit claw 876 to prevent the water and fertilizer from leaking out of the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank 503 during the vertical insertion of the aeration probe 808 into the soil. After the soil is aerated and loosened by the air aeration deep loosening system 8, the solenoid valve C509 in the air spray fertilization system 5 is opened, and the high-pressure compressed air The water and fertilizer are quickly rushed into the temporary water and fertilizer storage tank 503, causing the internal air pressure of the temporary water and fertilizer storage tank 503 to rise suddenly. At the same time, the T-shaped cap 875 is pushed open to block the fertilization connection port 873. The high-pressure gas carries the water and fertilizer and quickly enters the buffer chamber 807. In the process of the high-pressure gas filling the temporary water and fertilizer storage tank 503 and entering the buffer chamber 807 and the aeration probe 808, the water and fertilizer are atomized, and the atomized water and fertilizer are rushed into the soil along with the high-pressure gas to implement the deep soil fertilization operation.

[0066] In order to adapt to the aeration deep loosening of soil layers at different depths, the output air pressure of the air pressure regulator A508 and the air pressure regulator C803 is 1.5-5Mpa; and, for the safety of the entire equipment during operation, the rated pressures of the compressed air storage tank 4, the air spray storage tank 502 and the aeration storage tank 801 are all greater than 6Mpa, and a 6Mpa safety pressure relief valve is provided at the bottom of the air compression storage tank, the air spray storage tank 502 and the aeration storage tank 801.

[0067] In order to facilitate the automated control of aeration, deep tillage and fertilization, a main control box 11 is also installed at the front end of the rear trailer frame 1. The main control box 11 is also electrically connected to the solenoid valve A506, solenoid valve B507, solenoid valve C509, solenoid valve D610, solenoid valve E611, solenoid valve F802, solenoid valve G804, pneumatic solenoid valve island 613, hydraulic solenoid valve island 702 and delivery pump 504, so that the main control box 11 can issue control instructions to the corresponding solenoid valve or valve island, thereby completing the coordinated operation between various mechanisms and systems.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aeration deep tillage and fertilization integrated device, comprising a rear trailer frame (1), a front end of the rear trailer frame (1) being fixed with a suspension connection seat (12) for connecting to a rear suspension of an agricultural tractor, characterized in that: The rear end of the rear trailer frame (1) is integrally formed with a transverse assembly slide groove (9); an air source component and an air spray fertilization system (5) are respectively installed on the top of the rear trailer frame (1); a pneumatic extension system (6) is installed inside the assembly slide groove (9), a deep tillage depth control system (7) is installed on the pneumatic extension system (6), and an air aeration deep tillage system (8) connected to the air source component is installed on the deep tillage depth control system (7).

2. The aeration deep tillage and fertilization integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air source assembly comprises a speed-increasing gearbox (2), a piston air compressor (3) and a compressed air storage tank (4); the rotating shaft of the piston air compressor (3) is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the speed-increasing gearbox (2); the input shaft of the speed-increasing gearbox (2) is provided with a universal transmission shaft (10) for drivingly connecting to the rear driving force transmission shaft of the agricultural tractor; The air output port of the piston air compressor (3) is connected to the compressed air storage tank (4) via an air charging pipe (13), and a one-way valve (14) is installed in the middle section of the air charging pipe (13).

3. The aeration deep tillage and fertilization integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pneumatic extension system (6) comprises two groups of extension components symmetrically designed with the central axis of the rear trailer frame (1) as the center; each group of extension components comprises a hollow extension arm (601) slidably mounted on the inner side of the assembly slide groove (9); an extension cylinder (606) is installed inside the extension arm (601) of each group of extension components; the tail ends of the two extension cylinders (606) are fixedly connected to the middle part of the inner side of the assembly slide groove (9) through a positioning column (607); the ends of the two extension arms (601) are An articulated frame (602) is installed, and a guide rail slide groove (603) is hinged on the top of the articulated frame (602); a turning cylinder (604) for driving the guide rail slide groove (603) to turn is installed between the guide rail slide groove (603) and the extension arm (601) in each extension assembly; a strip-shaped slot (605) is opened in the middle of the guide rail slide groove (603) and close to the articulated frame (602); and an avoidance slot (615) is opened on the side of the extension arm (601); The pneumatic extension system (6) further comprises an air pressure regulator B (609) and an electromagnetic valve D (610) which are connected in series by means of a pipeline; the air pressure regulator B (609) is connected to the compressed air storage tank (4) via an air supply pipe C (608), and an electromagnetic valve E (611) is installed in the middle section of the air supply pipe C (608); the air outlet port of the electromagnetic valve D (610) is connected to the pneumatic electromagnetic valve island (613) via the air supply pipe D (612); and the air source ports of the extension cylinder (606) and the flip cylinder (604) are connected to the pneumatic electromagnetic valve island (613) via the air supply pipe E (614).

4. The aeration deep tillage and fertilization integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep tillage depth control system (7) comprises a hydraulic diverter valve (701) and two sets of push-down mechanisms, wherein the two sets of push-down mechanisms are respectively mounted on two sets of extension components; each set of push-down mechanisms comprises a hydraulic solenoid valve island (702), a first-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder (703) and a second-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder (706); the hydraulic connection ports of the first-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder (703) and the second-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder (706) are connected to the hydraulic solenoid valve island (702), and the hydraulic solenoid valve island (702) and the hydraulic diverter valve (701) are connected via hydraulic oil pipes (707); The first-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder (703) is invertedly mounted on the back of the guide rail slide groove (603) and close to the top, and a push-pull frame (705) is mounted on the telescopic end of the first-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder (703), and a mounting seat (704) that is slidably matched with the front of the guide rail slide groove (603) is mounted on one side of the push-pull frame (705) through the avoidance slot (615), and the second-stage push-down hydraulic cylinder (706) is vertically mounted on the mounting seat (704); the hydraulic solenoid valve island (702) is mounted on the articulated frame (602) in the extension assembly; The secondary push-down hydraulic cylinder (706) is a bidirectional double-rod hydraulic cylinder with a stroke of 50-70 cm; the telescopic shaft of the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinder (706) is a hollow design with both ends penetrating each other.

5. The aeration deep tillage and fertilization integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aeration deep loosening system (8) comprises an aeration gas storage tank (801), two buffer chambers (807) and two aeration probes (808); the aeration gas storage tank (801) is connected to the compressed air storage tank (4) via a pipeline, and a solenoid valve F (802) is installed on the pipeline connecting the aeration gas storage tank (801) and the compressed air storage tank (4); The air aeration deep loosening system (8) further comprises an air pressure regulator C (803) and an electromagnetic valve G (804) connected in series by means of a pipeline, the air pressure regulator C (803) is connected to the aeration gas storage tank (801) by means of a high-pressure air pipeline, the air outlet port of the electromagnetic valve G (804) is connected to an air pipeline F (805), the ends of the air pipeline F (805) are each connected to an air pipeline G (806) by means of a three-way joint, the two air pipelines G (806) are respectively connected to two buffer chambers (807), the two buffer chambers (807) are respectively mounted on the upper ends of the telescopic shafts of the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinders (706) in the two sets of push-down mechanisms; and the two aeration probes (808) are respectively mounted on the lower ends of the telescopic shafts of the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinders (706) in the two sets of push-down mechanisms.

6. The aeration deep tillage and fertilization integrated device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The aeration probe (808) comprises a probe body (881) of a hollow structure, the bottom end of the probe body (881) is integrally formed with a solid pointed cone end; the top end of the probe body (881) is integrally formed with a docking joint (882) for connecting to the lower end of the telescopic shaft of the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinder (706); the top of the pointed cone end is integrally formed with a dispersion cone (883) protruding upward at the inner part of the probe body (881); a plurality of aeration holes (884) are provided on the side wall of the probe body (881) at a position at the bottom of the dispersion cone (883) at equal distances around the circumference, the aeration holes (884) are arranged at an upward inclination angle of 45-60 degrees as a whole, and a circular arc transition design is adopted between the bottom of the aeration hole (884) and the bottom of the dispersion cone (883).

7. The aeration deep tillage and fertilization integrated device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The buffer chamber (807) comprises a tank body (871) mounted on the upper end of the telescopic shaft of the secondary push-down hydraulic cylinder (706); an aeration connection port (872) for connecting to the gas transmission pipe G (806) is integrally formed at the center position of the top of the tank body (871); a fertilization connection port (873) is integrally formed at the side of the top of the tank body (871); a hollow positioning frame (874) is integrally formed at the center position of the inner side of the fertilization connection port (873); an inverted T-shaped cap (875) is slidably mounted at the center position of the hollow positioning frame (874); the round cap size of the T-shaped cap (875) is adapted to the size of the fertilization connection port (873); a straight rod of the T-shaped cap (875) slides through the hollow positioning frame (874) and is horizontally fixed with a limit claw (876); a spring (877) is provided between the limit claw (876) and the hollow positioning frame (874).

8. The aeration deep tillage and fertilization integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air spray fertilization system (5) comprises a water-fertilizer tank (501), an air spray gas storage tank (502) and two water-fertilizer temporary storage tanks (503); the two water-fertilizer temporary storage tanks (503) are respectively mounted on fertilization connection ports (873) on two buffer chambers (807); a delivery pump (504) is mounted at the bottom of the water-fertilizer tank (501); the output port of the delivery pump (504) is respectively connected to the two water-fertilizer temporary storage tanks (503) through two fertilizer delivery pipes (505); and the two fertilizer delivery pipes (505) are both mounted with a solenoid valve A (506) at one end close to the water-fertilizer temporary storage tank (503); The gas spray gas storage tank (502) and the compressed air storage tank (4) are connected via a pipeline, and a solenoid valve B (507) is installed on the pipeline connecting the gas spray gas storage tank (502) and the compressed air storage tank (4); The air spray fertilization system (5) further comprises an air pressure regulator A (508) and an electromagnetic valve C (509) connected in series by a pipeline; the air pressure regulator A (508) is connected to the air outlet port of the air spray gas storage tank (502) via a high-pressure air pipeline; the air outlet port of the electromagnetic valve C (509) is connected to an air pipeline A (510), the end of the air pipeline A (510) is connected to two air pipelines B (511) via a three-way joint, and the end of the air pipeline B (511) is connected to the top of the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank (503); The water and fertilizer temporary storage tank (503) is arranged at an inclined angle at the top of the buffer chamber (807), and after the guide track chute (603) is inclined, the horizontal height of the water and fertilizer temporary storage tank (503) is lower than that of the buffer chamber (807).

9. The aeration deep tillage and fertilization integrated device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The piston air compressor (3) is an industrial-grade 4-6 MPa multi-stage compression piston air compressor (3), the output air pressure setting value of the air pressure regulator B (609) is 0.6-1 MPa; the output air pressure of the air pressure regulator A (508) and the air pressure regulator C (803) is 1.5-5 MPa; the rated pressures of the compressed air storage tank (4), the air spray storage tank (502) and the aeration storage tank (801) are all greater than 6 MPa, and the bottoms of the compressed air storage tank, the air spray storage tank (502) and the aeration storage tank (801) are all provided with 6 MPa safety pressure relief valves.

10. The aeration deep tillage and fertilization integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A main control box (11) is also installed at the front end of the rear trailer frame (1), and the main control box (11) is electrically connected to the solenoid valve A (506), the solenoid valve B (507), the solenoid valve C (509), the solenoid valve D (610), the solenoid valve E (611), the solenoid valve F (802), the solenoid valve G (804), the pneumatic solenoid valve island (613), the hydraulic solenoid valve island (702) and the delivery pump (504) respectively.

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