Short, dense and early high-yield cultivation method for tea-like plants

Abstract

The invention discloses a short, dense and early high-yield cultivation method for tea-like plants. The method comprises the following steps: S1, variety selection; s2, establishing a female parent garden; s3, land selection and preparation; s4, preparing a soil conditioner; s5, cutting; s6, dwarfing cultivation; s7, fertilizer and water management. According to the short, dense and early high-yield cultivation method for the tea-like plants, a tea garden suitable for gardening cultivation is constructed by selecting dense-planting-resistant small-leaf varieties; by means of continuous supply of the slow-release fertilizer and the plant growth regulator, early growth and development of ampelopsis grossedentata are improved, the picking period is advanced, and early maturity is achieved; plant growth regulators such as jasmonic acid and salicylic acid can improve the stress resistance of ampelopsis grossedentata, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, promote the accumulation of beneficial components such as flavonoid substances and amino acids in ampelopsis grossedentata tea and improve the quality of the tea; through a repeated pinching and topping technology, the height of the tea trees is controlled, formation of lateral branches is promoted, and the yield per unit area of the tea garden can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating short, dense, early and high-yield tea-like plants. Background Art

[0002] my country is the origin of tea, and the tea industry is one of my country's traditional characteristic and advantageous industries. There are about 2 billion tea consumers in the world, and the annual consumption of tea reaches more than 3 million tons, and it is still on the rise. The world tea industry is very active, and my country, as the originator of the world tea industry, has a pivotal position in the tea industry.

[0003] Agave sphenanthera, also known as vine tea (berry tea), is a wild vine plant of the genus Agave in the family Vitaceae. It has the effects of clearing away heat and detoxifying, promoting dampness and reducing swelling, and is rich in more than 20 flavonoid compounds such as dihydromyricetin, as well as a variety of organic acids, polysaccharides and amino acids. It has extremely high medicinal and economic value. In order to better develop and utilize this valuable resource, it is crucial to study its standardized and high-yield cultivation technology.

[0004] However, there are few reports on the cultivation of rattan tea "wild tea domestic species" in existing literature. Therefore, the present invention intends to develop a dwarf, dense, early and high-yield cultivation method for rattan tea plants, so that it can adapt to the tea garden production management method, improve yield and quality, innovate the development of new tea products, and promote the development and growth of the tea industry. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating short, dense, early and high-yielding tea-like plants.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the core problem to be solved by the present invention is how to achieve dwarfing cultivation of vines, and the following technical solutions are provided: A method for cultivating tea-like plants in a short, dense, early and high-yield manner comprises the following steps: S1. Variety selection: Select the small-leaved varietal Ampelopsis odorata from the Ampelopsis genus of the Vitaceae family; S2. Establishment of the mother garden: Select a 2-3 year old tea garden cultivated artificially, cut the canes grown in June-August of the previous year, and plant them in the seedbed of the mother garden; S3. Site selection and land preparation: Select a hilly and gently sloping land with a soil depth of 80-100 cm and good drainage, with a slope angle of 10-15 degrees as the planting site, plow and terrace the planting site, open planting trenches, and then apply base fertilizer; S4, preparation of soil conditioner: uniformly mixing modified diatomaceous earth, fly ash, humic acid, organic fertilizer, EM bacterial agent and trace elements to obtain soil conditioner; S5. Cuttings: Select a planting site, and in late February of the second year, cut the one-year-old sturdy canes from the mother garden, and then cut them into cuttings with 2-3 internodes each for cuttings, then apply soil conditioner, then cover the soil completely and trample it until the soil is compacted, and water it to establish roots; S6. Dwarfing cultivation: Use high-density planting technology in tea gardens to control the group structure of tea gardens; pinch and top the seedlings when they are 50-70cm tall to promote the formation of low-position branches, and continuously pick the young vine tips 5-8 times to promote the dwarfing of the plant with short internodes; formulate scientific picking standards and frequency to control the excessive growth of vines; S7. Fertilizer and water management: During dwarf cultivation, the soil moisture content should be maintained at 50-60% of the field water holding capacity. When the soil moisture content is lower than this value, drought-resistant drip irrigation should be carried out. In early spring, 10-20g of compound fertilizer should be applied to each plant before budding every year. The preparation method of the modified diatomaceous earth in step S4 is as follows: (a) adding diatomaceous earth to a sodium hydroxide solution for impregnation treatment, adding biomass powder after the impregnation, and then performing a hydrothermal reaction. After the reaction is completed, filtering, washing, drying, and calcining are performed to obtain pretreated diatomaceous earth; adding the pretreated diatomaceous earth to an ethanol aqueous solution, and then adding γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, stirring and reacting. After the reaction is completed, filtering, washing, and drying are performed to obtain composite diatomaceous earth; (b) adding the composite diatomaceous earth in step (a) into deionized water, then adding hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and epichlorohydrin, adding triethylamine to adjust the pH to 9-10, heating to react, filtering, washing and drying after the reaction is completed to obtain organic diatomaceous earth; (c) adding the organic diatomaceous earth in step (b) to deionized water, then adding paclobutrazol ethanol solution, stirring at 40-50° C. for 2-3 hours, filtering and drying after the stirring is completed, adding the solid product to tetrahydrofuran, and then adding jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine to react at a constant temperature, filtering, washing and drying after the reaction is completed to obtain modified diatomaceous earth.

[0007] In the present invention, by selecting small-leaf dense-planting-resistant varieties, establishing excellent mother gardens, scientific soil improvement and dwarfing cultivation techniques and reasonable fertilizer and water management, the dwarfing, dense-planting and clumping cultivation of Agave spheniscidae vines are achieved, and early picking, early closure, early benefits and early high yields in tea gardens are effectively promoted, thereby significantly improving the yield and quality of tea.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, the variant Ampelopsis microphylla is Ampelopsis grossedentata var.microphylla YSZhang This variant is mainly distributed in the western part of Hunan Province and has been artificially domesticated and cultivated.

[0009] Preferably, in step S2, a three-year-old artificially cultivated tea garden is selected, and one-year-old long canes are cut, the cuttings are 25-35 cm long, and then cut into cuttings with 2-3 internodes in each section, and the cuttings are inserted into the seedbed of the mother garden, and the cutting depth ensures that one node is buried underground.

[0010] Preferably, in step S3, the base fertilizer consists of decomposed cow dung, urea, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in a mass ratio of 30-40:5-10:5-10:5-10, and the application amount is 350-400 kg / mu.

[0011] Preferably, in step S4, the soil conditioner is measured by weight, and the amount of each raw material is as follows: 30-40 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, 20-30 parts of fly ash, 15-20 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of organic fertilizer, 5-8 parts of EM bacterial agent, and 1-2 parts of trace elements; the organic fertilizer is one or more of pig manure, sheep manure, and chicken manure, with a moisture content of 15-20%; the trace elements are composed of manganese nitrate, iron nitrate and ammonium molybdate in a mass ratio of 3-4:2-3:2-3.

[0012] Preferably, in step (a), the mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 5-8%, the temperature of the immersion treatment is 40-50°C, the time is 1-2h, the mass ratio of the diatomaceous earth and the biomass powder is 50-60:40-50, the biomass powder is one or more of wheat straw powder, corn straw powder, and rice straw powder, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 120-130°C, the time is 3-4h, the temperature of the calcination is 400-500°C, and the time is 1-2h; the mass ratio of the pretreated diatomaceous earth and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 60-70:7-9, the volume ratio of ethanol to water in the ethanol aqueous solution is 3:1, the temperature of the stirring reaction is 60-70°C, and the time is 1-2h.

[0013] In the present invention, diatomaceous earth and biomass powder are subjected to a co-hydrothermal reaction to form a composite of diatomaceous earth and biochar, thereby increasing the specific surface area of ​​the composite diatomaceous earth and enhancing its ability to absorb water and nutrients. Subsequently, the pretreated diatomaceous earth is silane-modified to introduce active amino groups, which is beneficial to the subsequent reactions.

[0014] Preferably, in step (b), the mass ratio of the composite diatomaceous earth, deionized water, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and epichlorohydrin is 60-70:800-900:8-12-10:4-6, and the heating reaction temperature is 70-80°C and the time is 2-3h.

[0015] In the present invention, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin is introduced into the composite diatomaceous earth through chemical reaction, so as to further improve the adsorption capacity of the composite diatomaceous earth. Meanwhile, the introduced hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin can also encapsulate the subsequent plant growth regulator, thereby forming a slow-release effect and improving the utilization rate of the effective substances.

[0016] Preferably, in step (c), the mass fraction of paclobutrazol in the paclobutrazol ethanol solution is 2-3%, the mass ratio of the organic diatomaceous earth and the paclobutrazol ethanol solution is 60-70:150-200, the mass ratio of the solid product, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine is 60-70:5-7:3-5:10-15:8-12, and the temperature of the isothermal reaction is 50-60°C and the time is 4-5h.

[0017] In the present invention, paclobutrazol and composite diatomaceous earth are stirred, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin is used to encapsulate paclobutrazol. Paclobutrazol, as a plant growth retardant, inhibits the biosynthesis of gibberellins, shortens internodes, makes the plant compact, forms a dwarf plant, and promotes the germination of lateral buds, increases the number of branches, and forms a dense-resistant plant. Encapsulation and slow release can reduce local concentration, reduce stimulation to plants, and improve utilization rate. Then, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid are introduced into the composite diatomaceous earth through esterification reaction. During the growth of Agave sphenodontica, the ester bond is hydrolyzed, so that jasmonic acid and salicylic acid can also be absorbed by Agave sphenodontica, thereby promoting the growth of Agave sphenodontica and improving the quality of tea.

[0018] Preferably, in step S5, the cutting density and plant spacing are 40×50 cm, and the application rate of the soil conditioner is 130-150 kg / mu.

[0019] Preferably, in step S6, the pinching and topping is to remove 3-5 cm of the vine tip, and the scientific picking times are 5-6 times in the tea garden in the first year of planting, 7-8 times in the second year, and 15-20 times per year in the third year and mature tea gardens, with each interval of 7-8 days from June to August, and the length of the young vine tip is 6-12 cm.

[0020] In the present invention, the characteristics of the Agave viburnum vine plant, that is, the apex division ability is strong and the effective ingredients such as dihydromyricetin in the plant are mainly concentrated in the vine tip, are utilized, and the cultivation technology is adopted to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and the vine tips are frequently picked, which not only promotes the growth of new shoots and controls the plant shape, but also increases the picking times and improves the production capacity; by repeatedly pinching the young vine tips, the growth space structure of the vine plants is effectively controlled, and a good foundation is laid for subsequent dwarfing cultivation and horticultural management.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The dwarfing, dense, early and high-yield cultivation method of tea-like plants provided by the present invention achieves the dwarfing and dense planting of Agave sphenanthera vines by selecting improved varieties, establishing excellent mother gardens, scientific soil improvement and base fertilizer application, precise cutting and dwarfing cultivation techniques, and reasonable fertilizer and water management, and effectively promotes horticultural cultivation of berry tea and early maturity and high yield; the plants are repeatedly pinched and toppled, which effectively controls the growth of vines, promotes the development of side branches, forms a shrub tea garden structure, and lays a good foundation for subsequent dwarfing cultivation; by establishing mother gardens, the dwarfing and dense planting of Agave sphenanthera vines are effectively promoted. This garden ensures the uniformity of quality and insertion quality; the base fertilizer applied is composed of decomposed cow dung, urea, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, which provides sufficient nutrition for the growth of the plants, improves soil fertility, promotes root development, and thus enhances the stress resistance and growth potential of Glechoma longituba; the added soil conditioner can effectively improve the soil structure, increase the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, and promote the activity of soil microorganisms, thereby creating a good soil environment for the growth of Glechoma longituba and significantly improving the yield and quality of Glechoma longituba tea.

[0022] (2) The present invention provides a method for cultivating tea-like plants in a short, dense and early-yielding manner. The soil conditioner is added, and modified diatomaceous earth is used as a raw material. The diatomaceous earth and biomass powder are subjected to a co-hydrothermal reaction to form a composite of the diatomaceous earth and biochar, thereby increasing the specific surface area of ​​the composite diatomaceous earth and enhancing its ability to absorb water and nutrients. Subsequently, the pretreated diatomaceous earth is subjected to silane modification to introduce active amino groups, which is beneficial to the subsequent reaction. Then, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin is introduced into the composite diatomaceous earth through a chemical reaction to further improve the adsorption capacity of the composite diatomaceous earth. At the same time, the introduced hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin can also encapsulate the subsequent plant growth regulator, thereby forming a slow-release effect and improving the utilization rate of the effective substance. Then, paclobutrazol and the composite diatomaceous earth are stirred to make the hydroxypropyl The paclobutrazol is encapsulated with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. As a plant growth retardant, paclobutrazol inhibits the biosynthesis of gibberellins, shortens the internodes, makes the plant compact, forms a dwarf plant type, and promotes the germination of lateral buds, increases the number of branches, and forms a dense plant type. The encapsulation and slow release can reduce the local concentration, reduce the stimulation to the plant, and improve its utilization rate. Then, the carboxyl groups on jasmonic acid and salicylic acid are esterified with the hydroxyl groups on hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin to introduce jasmonic acid and salicylic acid into the composite diatomaceous earth. During the growth of Agave sphenanthera, the ester bond will be hydrolyzed, so that jasmonic acid and salicylic acid can also be absorbed by Agave sphenanthera. Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid can improve the stress resistance of Agave sphenanthera, promote the growth of Agave sphenanthera, and improve the quality of Agave sphenanthera tea.

[0023] (3) The dwarf, dense, early and high-yield cultivation method of tea-like plants provided by the present invention can promote the early growth and development of Agave sphenanthera, advance the picking period and achieve early maturity through the continuous supply of slow-release fertilizers and plant growth regulators. Plant growth regulators such as jasmonic acid and salicylic acid can improve the stress resistance of Agave sphenanthera, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and promote the accumulation of beneficial ingredients such as flavonoids and amino acids in Agave sphenanthera tea leaves, thereby improving the quality of tea leaves. Through multiple pinching and topping techniques, the height of the tea trees is controlled, the formation of branches is promoted, and it is beneficial to increase the yield per unit area of ​​the tea garden.

[0024] (4) The present invention changes the growth mode of rattan tea plants. Generally, tea plants are planted by cuttings at the end of February, buds and leaves sprout in April, and vines grow in May. Then, the fresh leaves are picked and harvested, and the harvesting period can end in mid-October. The production mode of tea plants such as Agave sphenanthera is improved, the early growth and development of tea gardens is promoted, the harvesting period is advanced, and early opening of the garden, early production, early high yield, and early profit are achieved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] In the present invention, the EM bacterial agent was purchased from Sichuan Chengzhu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the number of viable bacteria was ≥10 11 cfu / g; the compound fertilizer was purchased from Jinan Xinyuchengtai Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. and was a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 15-15-15 compound fertilizer.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A method for cultivating tea-like plants in a short, dense, early and high-yield manner comprises the following steps: S1. Variety selection: Select the small-leaved gentian amphibians variety from the genus Ampelopsis in the grape family Ampelopsis grossedentata var.microphylla YSZhang ; S2. Establishment of the mother garden: Select a 2-3 year old tea garden cultivated artificially, cut the canes grown in June-August of the previous year, the cuttings are 25-35cm long, contain 2-3 internodes, and are inserted into the seedbed of the mother garden. The depth of the cuttings ensures that one node is buried underground. S3. Site selection and land preparation: Select a hilly and gently sloping land with a soil depth of 80-100 cm and good drainage, with a slope angle of 10-15 degrees as the planting site, plow and terrace the planting site, open planting trenches, and then apply base fertilizer at an application rate of 380 kg / mu; S4, preparation of soil conditioner: by weight, 35 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, 25 parts of fly ash, 18 parts of humic acid, 25 parts of pig manure (water content of 18%), 7 parts of EM bacterial agent, and 1.5 parts of trace elements were mixed uniformly to obtain a soil conditioner; S5. Cuttings: Select a planting site. In late February of the second year, cut one-year-old sturdy canes from the mother garden, and then cut them into cuttings with 2-3 internodes each for cuttings. The cutting density is 40×50cm, and then apply soil conditioner at an application rate of 140kg / mu. Then cover the soil completely and trample it until the soil is compacted, and water it to establish roots. S6. Dwarfing cultivation: When the seedlings are 60cm tall, pinch and top (remove 3-5cm of the vine tip) to stabilize the stem to promote the formation of low-position branches. Then pinch and top 6 times (remove 3-5cm of the vine tip) to promote the dwarfing of the plant with short internodes; S6. Fertilizer and water management: During dwarf cultivation, maintain soil moisture content at 50-60% of field water holding capacity. When soil moisture content is lower than this value, carry out drought-resistant drip irrigation. Apply 15g of compound fertilizer per plant before budding in early spring every year.

[0029] Wherein, in step S2, the base fertilizer is composed of decomposed cow dung, urea, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in a mass ratio of 35:8:7:7; In step S3, the trace elements are composed of manganese nitrate, iron nitrate and ammonium molybdate in a mass ratio of 3.5:2.5:2.5; The preparation method of the modified diatomaceous earth is as follows: (a) 550 g of diatomaceous earth was added to 8 kg of 7% sodium hydroxide solution, and the solution was immersed at 45° C. for 1.5 h. After the immersion, 450 g of wheat straw powder was added, and then the solution was hydrothermally reacted at 125° C. for 3.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the solution was filtered, washed, and dried, and then calcined at 450° C. for 1.5 h to obtain pretreated diatomaceous earth; 650 g of pretreated diatomaceous earth was added to 9 L of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume ratio of ethanol to water was 3:1), and then 80 g of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added, and the solution was stirred and reacted at 65° C. for 1.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the solution was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain composite diatomaceous earth; (b) adding 650 g of the composite diatomaceous earth in step (a) to 8.5 kg of deionized water, then adding 100 g of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and 50 g of epichlorohydrin, adding triethylamine to adjust the pH to 10, reacting at 75° C. for 2.5 h, filtering, washing and drying after the reaction is completed to obtain organic diatomaceous earth; (c) 650 g of the organic diatomaceous earth in step (b) was added to 8 kg of deionized water, followed by the addition of 1.8 kg of paclobutrazol ethanol solution (the mass fraction of paclobutrazol was 2.5%), and stirred at 45 ° C for 2.5 h. After the stirring was completed, the mixture was filtered and dried. 650 g of the solid product was added to 9 L of tetrahydrofuran, followed by the addition of 60 g of jasmonic acid, 40 g of salicylic acid, 130 g of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and 100 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine. The mixture was reacted at a constant temperature of 55 ° C for 4.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain modified diatomaceous earth.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] A method for cultivating tea-like plants in a short, dense, early and high-yield manner comprises the following steps: S1. Variety selection: Select the small-leaved gentian amphibians variety from the genus Ampelopsis in the grape family Ampelopsis grossedentata var.microphylla YSZhang ; S2. Establishment of the mother garden: Select a 2-3 year old tea garden cultivated artificially, cut the canes grown in June-August of the previous year, the cuttings are 25-35cm long, contain 2-3 internodes, and are inserted into the seedbed of the mother garden. The depth of the cuttings ensures that one node is buried underground. S3. Site selection and land preparation: Select a hilly and gently sloping land with a soil depth of 80-100 cm and good drainage, with a slope angle of 10-15 degrees as the planting site, plow and terrace the planting site, open planting trenches, and then apply base fertilizer at an application rate of 350 kg / mu; S4, preparation of soil conditioner: by weight, 30 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, 20 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of sheep manure (water content of 15%), 5 parts of EM bacterial agent, and 1 part of trace elements were mixed evenly to obtain a soil conditioner; S5. Cuttings: Select a planting site. In late February of the second year, cut one-year-old sturdy canes from the mother garden, and then cut them into cuttings with 2-3 internodes each for cuttings. The cutting density is 40×50cm, and then apply soil conditioner at an application rate of 130kg / mu. Then cover the soil completely and trample it until the soil is compacted, and water it to establish roots. S6. Dwarfing cultivation: When the seedlings are 50cm tall, pinch and top (remove 3-5cm of the vine tip) to stabilize the stem and promote the formation of low-position branches. Then pinch and top 6 times (remove 3-5cm of the vine tip) to promote the dwarfing of the plant with short internodes; S7. Fertilizer and water management: During dwarf cultivation, maintain soil moisture content at 50-60% of field water holding capacity. When soil moisture content is lower than this value, carry out drought-resistant drip irrigation. Apply 10g of compound fertilizer to each plant before budding in early spring every year.

[0032] Wherein, in step S2, the base fertilizer is composed of decomposed cow dung, urea, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in a mass ratio of 30:5:5:5; In step S3, the trace elements are composed of manganese nitrate, iron nitrate and ammonium molybdate in a mass ratio of 3:2:2; The preparation method of the modified diatomaceous earth is as follows: (a) 500 g of diatomaceous earth was added to 8 kg of sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 5%, and the mixture was immersed at 40° C. for 2 h. After the immersion, 400 g of corn straw powder was added, followed by hydrothermal reaction at 120° C. for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried, and calcined at 400° C. for 2 h to obtain pretreated diatomaceous earth; 600 g of pretreated diatomaceous earth was added to 9 L of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume ratio of ethanol to water was 3:1), and then 70 g of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added, and the mixture was stirred and reacted at 60° C. for 2 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain composite diatomaceous earth; (b) adding 600 g of the composite diatomaceous earth in step (a) into 8 kg of deionized water, then adding 80 g of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and 40 g of epichlorohydrin, adding triethylamine to adjust the pH to 9, reacting at 70° C. for 3 h, filtering, washing and drying after the reaction is completed to obtain organic diatomaceous earth; (c) 600 g of the organic diatomaceous earth in step (b) was added to 8 kg of deionized water, followed by the addition of 1.5 kg of paclobutrazol ethanol solution (the mass fraction of paclobutrazol was 2%), and stirred at 40° C. for 3 h. After the stirring was completed, the mixture was filtered and dried. 600 g of the solid product was added to 9 L of tetrahydrofuran, followed by the addition of 50 g of jasmonic acid, 30 g of salicylic acid, 100 g of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and 80 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine. The mixture was reacted at a constant temperature of 50° C. for 5 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain modified diatomaceous earth.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] A method for cultivating tea-like plants in a short, dense, early and high-yield manner comprises the following steps: S1. Variety selection: Select the small-leaved gentian amphibians variety from the genus Ampelopsis in the grape family Ampelopsis grossedentata var.microphylla YSZhang ; S2. Establishment of the mother garden: Select a 2-3 year old tea garden cultivated artificially, cut the canes grown in June-August of the previous year, the cuttings are 25-35cm long, contain 2-3 internodes, and are inserted into the seedbed of the mother garden. The depth of the cuttings ensures that one node is buried underground. S3. Site selection and land preparation: Select a hilly and gently sloping land with a soil depth of 80-100 cm and good drainage, with a slope angle of 10-15 degrees as the planting site, plow and step the planting site, open a planting ditch, and then apply base fertilizer at a rate of 400 kg / mu; S4, preparation of soil conditioner: by weight, 40 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, 30 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of humic acid, 30 parts of chicken manure (water content of 20%), 8 parts of EM bacterial agent, and 2 parts of trace elements were mixed uniformly to obtain a soil conditioner; S5. Cuttings: Select a planting site. In late February of the second year, cut one-year-old sturdy canes from the mother garden, and then cut them into cuttings with 2-3 internodes each for cuttings. The cutting density and plant spacing are 40×50cm. Then apply soil conditioner at an application rate of 150kg / mu, then cover the soil completely and trample it until the soil is compacted, and water it to establish roots. S6. Dwarfing cultivation: When the seedlings are 70cm tall, pinch and top (remove 3-5cm of the vine tip) to stabilize the stem to promote the formation of low-position branches. Then pinch and top 6 times (remove 3-5cm of the vine tip) to promote the dwarfing of the plant with short internodes; S7. Fertilizer and water management: During dwarf cultivation, maintain soil moisture content at 50-60% of field water holding capacity. When soil moisture content is lower than this value, carry out drought-resistant drip irrigation. Apply 20g of compound fertilizer to each plant before budding in early spring every year.

[0035] Wherein, in step S2, the base fertilizer is composed of decomposed cow dung, urea, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in a mass ratio of 40:10:10:10; In step S3, the trace elements are composed of manganese nitrate, iron nitrate and ammonium molybdate in a mass ratio of 4:3:3; The preparation method of the modified diatomite is as follows: (a) 600 g of diatomaceous earth was added to 8 kg of sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 8%, and the mixture was immersed at 50° C. for 1 h. After the immersion, 500 g of rice straw powder was added, followed by hydrothermal reaction at 130° C. for 3 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried, and calcined at 500° C. for 1 h to obtain pretreated diatomaceous earth; 700 g of the pretreated diatomaceous earth was added to 9 L of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume ratio of ethanol to water was 3:1), and then 90 g of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added, and the mixture was stirred and reacted at 70° C. for 1 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain composite diatomaceous earth; (b) adding 700 g of the composite diatomaceous earth in step (a) into 9 kg of deionized water, then adding 120 g of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and 60 g of epichlorohydrin, adding triethylamine to adjust the pH to 10, reacting at 80° C. for 2 h, filtering, washing and drying after the reaction is completed to obtain organic diatomaceous earth; (c) 700 g of the organic diatomaceous earth in step (b) was added to 8 kg of deionized water, followed by the addition of 2 kg of paclobutrazol ethanol solution (the mass fraction of paclobutrazol was 3%), and stirred at 50° C. for 2 h. After the stirring was completed, the mixture was filtered and dried. 700 g of the solid product was added to 9 L of tetrahydrofuran, followed by the addition of 70 g of jasmonic acid, 50 g of salicylic acid, 150 g of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and 120 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine. The mixture was reacted at a constant temperature of 60° C. for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain modified diatomaceous earth.

[0036] Comparative Example 1

[0037] A method for cultivating tea-like plants in a short, dense, early and high-yield manner comprises the following steps: S1. Variety selection: Select the small-leaved gentian amphibians variety from the genus Ampelopsis in the grape family Ampelopsis grossedentata var.microphylla YSZhang ; S2. Establishment of the mother garden: Select a 2-3 year old tea garden cultivated artificially, cut the canes grown in June-August of the previous year, the cuttings are 25-35cm long, contain 2-3 internodes, and are inserted into the seedbed of the mother garden. The depth of the cuttings ensures that one node is buried underground. S3. Site selection and land preparation: Select a hilly and gently sloping land with a soil depth of 80-100 cm and good drainage, with a slope angle of 10-15 degrees as the planting site, plow and terrace the planting site, open planting trenches, and then apply base fertilizer at an application rate of 380 kg / mu; S4, preparation of soil conditioner: by weight, 35 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, 25 parts of fly ash, 18 parts of humic acid, 25 parts of pig manure (water content of 18%), 7 parts of EM bacterial agent, and 1.5 parts of trace elements were mixed uniformly to obtain a soil conditioner; S5. Cuttings: Select a planting site. In late February of the second year, cut one-year-old sturdy canes from the mother garden, and then cut them into cuttings with 2-3 internodes each for cuttings. The cutting density is 40×50cm, and then apply soil conditioner at an application rate of 140kg / mu. Then cover the soil completely and trample it until the soil is compacted, and water it to establish roots. S6. Dwarfing cultivation: When the seedlings are 60cm tall, pinch and top (remove 3-5cm of the vine tip) to stabilize the stem to promote the formation of low-position branches. Then pinch and top 6 times (remove 3-5cm of the vine tip) to promote the dwarfing of the plant with short internodes; S6. Fertilizer and water management: During dwarf cultivation, maintain soil moisture content at 50-60% of field water holding capacity. When soil moisture content is lower than this value, carry out drought-resistant drip irrigation. Apply 15g of compound fertilizer per plant before budding in early spring every year.

[0038] Wherein, in step S2, the base fertilizer is composed of decomposed cow dung, urea, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in a mass ratio of 35:8:7:7; In step S3, the trace elements are composed of manganese nitrate, iron nitrate and ammonium molybdate in a mass ratio of 3.5:2.5:2.5; The preparation method of the modified diatomite is as follows: (a) 550 g of diatomaceous earth was added to 8 kg of 7% sodium hydroxide solution, and the solution was immersed at 45° C. for 1.5 h. After the immersion, 450 g of wheat straw powder was added, and then the solution was hydrothermally reacted at 125° C. for 3.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the solution was filtered, washed, and dried, and then calcined at 450° C. for 1.5 h to obtain pretreated diatomaceous earth; 650 g of pretreated diatomaceous earth was added to 9 L of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume ratio of ethanol to water was 3:1), and then 80 g of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added, and the solution was stirred and reacted at 65° C. for 1.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the solution was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain composite diatomaceous earth; (b) Add 650 g of the composite diatomaceous earth in step (a) into 8.5 kg of deionized water, then add 100 g of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and 50 g of epichlorohydrin, add triethylamine to adjust the pH to 10, react at 75° C. for 2.5 h, filter, wash and dry after the reaction is completed to obtain modified diatomaceous earth.

[0039] Compared with Example 1, paclobutrazol, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid were not introduced into the modified diatomaceous earth in this comparative example.

[0040] Comparative Example 2

[0041] A method for cultivating tea-like plants in a short, dense, early and high-yield manner comprises the following steps: S1. Variety selection: Select the small-leaved gentian amphibians variety from the genus Ampelopsis in the grape family Ampelopsis grossedentata var.microphylla YSZhang ; S2. Establishment of the mother garden: Select a 2-3 year old tea garden cultivated artificially, cut the canes grown in June-August of the previous year, the cuttings are 25-35cm long, contain 2-3 internodes, and are inserted into the seedbed of the mother garden. The depth of the cuttings ensures that one node is buried underground. S3. Site selection and land preparation: Select a hilly and gently sloping land with a soil depth of 80-100 cm and good drainage, with a slope angle of 10-15 degrees as the planting site, plow and terrace the planting site, open planting trenches, and then apply base fertilizer at an application rate of 380 kg / mu; S4, preparation of soil conditioner: by weight, 35 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, 25 parts of fly ash, 18 parts of humic acid, 25 parts of pig manure (water content of 18%), 7 parts of EM bacterial agent, and 1.5 parts of trace elements were mixed uniformly to obtain a soil conditioner; S5. Cuttings: Select a planting site. In late February of the second year, cut one-year-old sturdy canes from the mother garden, and then cut them into cuttings with 2-3 internodes each for cuttings. The cutting density is 40×50cm, and then apply soil conditioner at an application rate of 140kg / mu. Then cover the soil completely and trample it until the soil is compacted, and water it to establish roots. S6. Dwarfing cultivation: When the seedlings are 60cm tall, pinch and top (remove 3-5cm of the vine tip) to stabilize the stem to promote the formation of low-position branches. Then pinch and top 6 times (remove 3-5cm of the vine tip) to promote the dwarfing of the plant with short internodes; S6. Fertilizer and water management: During dwarf cultivation, maintain soil moisture content at 50-60% of field water holding capacity. When soil moisture content is lower than this value, carry out drought-resistant drip irrigation. Apply 15g of compound fertilizer per plant before budding in early spring every year.

[0042] Wherein, in step S2, the base fertilizer is composed of decomposed cow dung, urea, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in a mass ratio of 35:8:7:7; In step S3, the trace elements are composed of manganese nitrate, iron nitrate and ammonium molybdate in a mass ratio of 3.5:2.5:2.5; The preparation method of the modified diatomaceous earth is as follows: (a) 550 g of diatomaceous earth was added to 8 kg of 7% sodium hydroxide solution, and the solution was immersed at 45° C. for 1.5 h. After the immersion, 450 g of wheat straw powder was added, and then the solution was hydrothermally reacted at 125° C. for 3.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the solution was filtered, washed, and dried, and then calcined at 450° C. for 1.5 h to obtain pretreated diatomaceous earth; 650 g of pretreated diatomaceous earth was added to 9 L of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume ratio of ethanol to water was 3:1), and then 80 g of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added, and the solution was stirred and reacted at 65° C. for 1.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the solution was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain composite diatomaceous earth; (b) 650 g of the composite diatomaceous earth in step (a) was added to 8 kg of deionized water, followed by the addition of 1.8 kg of paclobutrazol ethanol solution (the mass fraction of paclobutrazol was 2.5%), and stirred at 45° C. for 2.5 h. Subsequently, 60 g of jasmonic acid and 40 g of salicylic acid were added, and stirred at 55° C. for 4.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain modified diatomaceous earth.

[0043] Compared with Example 1, in this comparative example, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was not introduced into the modified diatomaceous earth, and paclobutrazol, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid were introduced into the modified diatomaceous earth by physical adsorption.

[0044] The cutting survival rate and fresh tea yield of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were statistically analyzed. The content of total flavonoids from Agave sphenanthera was tested according to the literature (Study on the Process of Extracting Total Flavonoids from Agave sphenanthera by Ultrasonic-Assisted Ethanol Method, Yang Yihan et al., Journal of Huaihua University, Vol. 34, No. 11, November 2015). The test results of the tea leaves that were pinched and topped for the first time during dwarf cultivation are shown in Table 1 below.

[0045] Table 1

[0046] As can be seen from Table 1 above, the dwarf, dense, early and high-yield cultivation method of tea-like plants provided by the present invention can effectively improve the cutting survival rate and tea yield of Ampelopsis grossedentata, and at the same time can also increase the content of total flavonoids in tea, enhance the taste, ensure the quality of tea, and has good application prospects.

[0047] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating short, dense, early and high-yielding tea plants, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Variety selection: Select the small-leaved varietal Ampelopsis odorata from the Ampelopsis genus of the Vitaceae family; S2, establishment of the maternal garden; S3, site selection and land preparation; S4, preparation of soil conditioner: uniformly mixing modified diatomaceous earth, fly ash, humic acid, organic fertilizer, EM bacterial agent and trace elements to obtain soil conditioner; S5. Cuttings: In late February of the second year, cut the one-year-old sturdy canes from the mother garden, cut them into cuttings with 2-3 internodes each for cuttings, then apply soil conditioner, cover the soil and compact it, and water it to establish roots; S6. Dwarfing cultivation: When the seedlings are 50-70cm tall, pinch and top them to set the stems. Then pinch and top them 5-8 times to make the internodes short and the plant dwarfed. S7, fertilizer and water management; Wherein, the preparation method of the modified diatomaceous earth in step S4 is as follows: (a) adding diatomaceous earth to an alkali solution for impregnation treatment, then adding biomass powder, hydrothermally reacting, filtering, drying, and calcining to obtain pretreated diatomaceous earth; The pretreated diatomaceous earth is added into an ethanol aqueous solution, and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is added, and the mixture is stirred for reaction to obtain a composite diatomaceous earth; (b) adding the composite diatomaceous earth to deionized water, then adding hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and epichlorohydrin, adjusting the pH to 9-10, and heating the reaction to obtain organic diatomaceous earth; (c) Add organic diatomaceous earth to deionized water, add paclobutrazol ethanol solution, stir at 40-50°C for 2-3h, filter and dry, add the solid product to tetrahydrofuran, add jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine, react at a constant temperature to obtain modified diatomaceous earth.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S1, the variant Ampelopsis microphylla is Ampelopsis grossedentata var.microphylla YSZhang , this variant is mainly distributed in the northwest of Hunan Province.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the mother garden should select rattan shoots grown in June-August of the previous year as cutting materials, the cuttings are 25-35 cm long, contain 2-3 internodes, and the cutting depth ensures that one node is buried underground.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The site selection and land preparation in step S3 is specifically as follows: a gently sloping hilly land with a soil depth of 80-100 cm and good drainage and a slope angle of 10-15 degrees is selected as a planting site, the planting site is plowed and terraced, planting trenches are opened, and base fertilizer is then applied.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the soil conditioner is measured by weight, and the amount of each raw material is as follows: 30-40 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, 20-30 parts of fly ash, 15-20 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of organic fertilizer, 5-8 parts of EM bacterial agent, and 1-2 parts of trace elements; the organic fertilizer is one or more of pig manure, sheep manure, and chicken manure, with a moisture content of 15-20%; the trace elements are composed of manganese nitrate, iron nitrate and ammonium molybdate in a mass ratio of 3-4:2-3:2-3.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (a), the alkali solution is a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 5-8%, the temperature of the immersion treatment is 40-50°C, the time is 1-2h, the mass ratio of the diatomite and the biomass powder is 50-60:40-50, the biomass powder is one or more of wheat straw powder, corn straw powder, and rice straw powder, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 120-130°C, the time is 3-4h, the temperature of the calcination is 400-500°C, and the time is 1-2h; the mass ratio of the pretreated diatomite and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 60-70:7-9, the volume ratio of ethanol to water in the ethanol aqueous solution is 3:1, the temperature of the stirring reaction is 60-70°C, and the time is 1-2h.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (b), the mass ratio of the composite diatomaceous earth, deionized water, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and epichlorohydrin is 60-70:800-900:8-12-10:4-6, and the heating reaction temperature is 70-80° C. and the time is 2-3 hours.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (c), the mass fraction of paclobutrazol in the paclobutrazol ethanol solution is 2-3%, the mass ratio of the organic diatomaceous earth and the paclobutrazol ethanol solution is 60-70:150-200, the mass ratio of the solid product, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine is 60-70:5-7:3-5:10-15:8-12, and the temperature of the isothermal reaction is 50-60°C and the time is 4-5h.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the cutting density and row spacing are 40×50 cm, and the application amount of soil conditioner is 130-150 kg / mu.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the pinching and topping is to remove 3-5 cm of the vine tip.

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