High-protein silage for arundo donax and preparation method of high-protein silage

Abstract

The invention discloses an arundo donax high-protein silage and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of silage production, the silage is composed of arundo donax straw and a composite silage fermentation inoculant; in the silage, the weight ratio of the bamboo reed stalks to the composite silage fermentation inoculant is 2000: 1, and wrapping silage fermentation is carried out. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, crushing the nine-fold bamboo reed caudatifolius straws by using a crusher, wherein the crushing length is set to be 1-2cm; 2, raw materials of the composite silage fermentation microbial inoculum are added into a stirrer according to the proportion to be fully stirred, the stirring time is 30 min, and the composite silage fermentation microbial inoculum is obtained; and 3, fully mixing the crushed arundo donax particles with a composite silage fermentation inoculant, and carrying out wrapping silage fermentation for 10-60 days at a fermentation and storage temperature of 25 + / -2 DEG C to obtain the silage. The bamboo reed caudatifolia high-protein silage can replace oat grass and yellow corn straw, and is good in palatability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of silage production, and particularly relates to high-protein silage of Phragmites australis and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the animal husbandry industry has developed rapidly, and the demand for forage has also increased. However, domestic forage resources are scarce and rely heavily on imports, which has laid hidden dangers for the development of related industries. In order to reduce the cost of breeding and increase related benefits, the creation of high-quality forage silage is the key.

[0003] Silage is an effective feed preservation technology. It mainly involves cutting fresh silage raw materials into suitable sizes and then using the microorganisms on the silage raw materials for anaerobic fermentation in an anaerobic environment. During the fermentation process, the lactic acid bacteria on the raw materials ferment the sugars in the silage raw materials, mainly glucose and fructose, into lactic acid. As lactic acid accumulates during the fermentation process, the pH value in the silage decreases, which inhibits the growth of harmful microorganisms. When the pH value drops to a certain level, the activity of various enzymes in the silage will also be inhibited, so that the silage can maintain its nutritional content and good palatability for a longer period of time, and can also provide high-quality food for livestock during periods when feed is relatively scarce (such as winter and spring).

[0004] The nine-ploid sword-leaf reed is a new polyploid variety of sword-leaf reed bred by our laboratory after years of chromosome doubling and high-protein directed mutagenesis breeding technology. According to the determination of its nutritional content, the crude protein content of sword-leaf reed is as high as 20%, the crude fat content is 6-16g / kg, and the crude fiber and sugar content are moderate. It is a high-quality forage raw material with rich and comprehensive nutritional content and outstanding environmental adaptability. Field experiments have found that the yield of sword-leaf reed is considerable and can be harvested 2-3 times a year. Therefore, in order to better preserve the nutritional value and palatability of sword-leaf reed and increase the source of livestock feed, it is urgent to study the preparation method of high-protein silage of sword-leaf reed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-protein silage of Phragmites australis and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical scheme: a high-protein silage of Phragmites australis, the silage comprising Phragmites australis straw and a composite silage fermentation agent; in the silage, the weight ratio of Phragmites australis straw to the composite silage fermentation agent is 2000:1, and the silage is wrapped and fermented;

[0007] The sword-leaf Phragmites australis straw is selected from nonaploid sword-leaf Phragmites australis straw, and the sword-leaf Phragmites australis plant height is selected to be 1-2.5m.

[0008] A method for preparing high-protein silage of Phragmites australis, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: crush the nine-ploid Phragmites australis stalks with a crusher, and set the crushing length to 1-2 cm;

[0010] Step 2: Add the raw materials of the composite silage fermentation agent into a blender according to the proportion and stir them thoroughly for 30 minutes to obtain the composite silage fermentation agent;

[0011] Step three: fully mix the crushed Phragmites australis particles with the composite silage fermentation agent, and carry out silage fermentation with a fermentation time of 10-60 days and a fermentation and storage temperature of 25±2°C to obtain silage.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] The high-protein silage of Phragmites australis of the present invention has high crude protein content, moderate crude fiber, fat and sugar contents, balanced amino acids, rich and comprehensive nutrition, no aflatoxin pollution, can replace oat straw and yellow storage corn stalks, and has good palatability.

[0014] The method for preparing the high-protein silage of Phragmites australis of the present invention has simple preparation operation and is suitable for batch production of the high-protein silage of Phragmites australis of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below.

[0016] Based on the implementation cases in the present invention, all other implementation cases obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making any creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0017] The invention provides a high-protein silage of Phragmites australis, which is composed of Phragmites australis straw and a composite silage fermentation agent; in the silage, the weight ratio of Phragmites australis straw to the composite silage fermentation agent is 2000:1, and silage fermentation is performed by wrapping;

[0018] The sword-leaf Phragmites australis straw is selected from nonaploid sword-leaf Phragmites australis straw, and the sword-leaf Phragmites australis plant height is selected to be 1-2.5m.

[0019] The composite silage fermentation agent is prepared by compounding composite plant lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus and yeast in a volume ratio of 7.5:1:1.5.

[0020] Among them, the concentration of composite plant lactic acid bacteria is 2*10 8 For bacterial liquid products with CFU / ml, the concentration of Bacillus is 1*10 8CFU / ml bacterial liquid products, yeast and Bacillus are selected at a concentration of 8*10 7 CFU / ml bacterial liquid product.

[0021] A method for preparing high-protein silage of Phragmites australis, comprising the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: crush the nine-ploid Phragmites australis stalks with a crusher, and set the crushing length to 1-2 cm;

[0023] Step 2: Add the raw materials of the composite silage fermentation agent into a blender according to the proportion and stir them thoroughly for 30 minutes to obtain the composite silage fermentation agent;

[0024] Step three: fully mix the crushed Phragmites australis particles with the composite silage fermentation agent, and carry out silage fermentation with a fermentation time of 10-60 days and a fermentation and storage temperature of 25±2°C to obtain silage.

[0025] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to implementation cases. Unless otherwise specified, all methods are conventional methods. There are no special requirements for the reagents used, and all of them can be purchased on the market.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] The Phragmites australis planted in the field experiment of the present invention was selected with a plant height of 0.5 m, and its straw was crushed into particles of 1-2 cm in size to obtain fresh Phragmites australis feed T1.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] The Phragmites australis planted in the field experiment of the present invention was selected with a plant height of 1 m, and its straw was crushed into particles of 1-2 cm in size to obtain fresh Phragmites australis feed T2.

[0030] Example 3

[0031] The Phragmites australis planted in the field experiment of the present invention was selected with a plant height of 1.5 m, and its straw was crushed into particles of 1-2 cm in size to obtain fresh Phragmites australis feed T3.

[0032] Example 4

[0033] The Phragmites australis planted in the field experiment of the present invention was selected with a plant height of 2.0 m, and its straw was crushed into particles of 1-2 cm in size to obtain fresh Phragmites australis feed T4.

[0034] Example 5

[0035] The Phragmites australis planted in the field experiment of the present invention was selected, the plant height was 2.5 m, and the straw was crushed into particles of 1-2 cm in size to obtain fresh Phragmites australis feed T5.

[0036] Comparative Example 1

[0037] The fresh Phragmites australis feed obtained in Examples 1 to 5 was analyzed for nutritional value, and the results were as follows:

[0038]

[0039] The above results show that the crude protein content of the 1m-high sword-leafed reed in the present invention is the highest, the content of other nutrients is moderate, the nutrition is rich and balanced, and it is most suitable as a raw material for silage. Among them, the 0.5m-high sword-leafed reed has a considerable crude protein content, but because it is in the seedling stage, the biomass accumulation is insufficient, and harvesting at this time will cause great damage to the sword-leafed reed seedlings, and will affect the later yield and growth. Therefore, it is not suitable to harvest the 0.5m sword-leafed reed for silage.

[0040] Taking all factors into consideration, the present invention can select Phragmites australis with a plant height of 1-2.5 m for silage fermentation, and among them, the nine-ploid Phragmites australis with a plant height of 1 m is more excellent for silage fermentation.

[0041] Example 6

[0042] The Phragmites australis planted in the field experiment of the present invention was selected with a plant height of 1 m, and its straw was crushed into particles of 1-2 cm in size. The crushed Phragmites australis particles were fully mixed with the composite silage fermentation agent, and fermented at 25±2° C. for 10 days to obtain silage T6.

[0043] Example 7

[0044] The Phragmites australis planted in the field experiment of the present invention was selected with a plant height of 1 m, and its straw was crushed into particles of 1-2 cm in size. The crushed Phragmites australis particles were fully mixed with the composite silage fermentation agent, and fermented at 25±2° C. for 20 days to obtain silage T7.

[0045] Example 8

[0046] The Phragmites australis planted in the field experiment of the present invention was selected with a plant height of 1 m, and its straw was crushed into particles of 1-2 cm in size. The crushed Phragmites australis particles were fully mixed with the composite silage fermentation agent, and fermented at a temperature of 25±2° C. for 30 days to obtain silage T8.

[0047] Example 9

[0048] The Phragmites australis planted in the field experiment of the present invention was selected with a plant height of 1 m, and its straw was crushed into particles of 1-2 cm in size. The crushed Phragmites australis particles were fully mixed with the composite silage fermentation agent, and fermented at a temperature of 25±2° C. for 40 days to obtain silage T9.

[0049] Example 10

[0050] The Phragmites australis planted in the field experiment of the present invention was selected with a plant height of 1 m, and its straw was crushed into particles of 1-2 cm in size. The crushed Phragmites australis particles were fully mixed with the composite silage fermentation agent, and fermented at a temperature of 25±2° C. for 50 days to obtain silage T10.

[0051] Embodiment 11

[0052] The Phragmites australis planted in the field experiment of the present invention was selected with a plant height of 1 m, and its straw was crushed into particles of 1-2 cm in size. The crushed Phragmites australis particles were fully mixed with the composite silage fermentation agent, and fermented at a temperature of 25±2° C. for 60 days to obtain silage T11.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] The nutritional value of the silage obtained in Examples 6 to 11 was analyzed, and the results were as follows:

[0055]

[0056] The above results show that the silage obtained by fermenting 1m-tall Phragmites australis as silage raw material for 30 days has the lowest pH value, which makes the silage easier to preserve, has moderate content of crude protein and other substances, is rich and balanced in nutrition, and has the best silage quality.

[0057] Example 12

[0058] The high-protein silage of Arundo donax obtained in Example 8 was used for feeding test of small-tailed Han sheep. The test sheep were 3 months old, weighed 30 kg, and there were 15 sheep. The formula: roughage = 1:1, and the daily feeding amount was 4% of their body weight, and was appropriately adjusted according to their feeding situation in the previous day to ensure that there was 10% of the leftover feed in the feed trough after the sheep had eaten.

[0059] The pre-feeding period was 7 days and the formal period was 30 days. The experimental sheep were weighed on an empty stomach at 8:00 am in the morning on the first and last days of the experiment, and recorded as the initial weight and final weight respectively. The daily feed intake (feed amount and residual feed amount) was also recorded.

[0060] Embodiment 13

[0061] The yellow corn stalks + oat grass feed on the market was used in the feeding experiment of small-tailed Han sheep.

[0062] The experimental sheep were 3 months old, weighed 30 kg, and there were 15 sheep in number. The compound feed: roughage = 1:1, and the daily feeding amount was 4% of their body weight. It was adjusted appropriately according to their feeding situation in the previous day to ensure that there was 10% residual feed in the feed trough after the sheep had eaten.

[0063] The pre-feeding period was 7 days and the formal period was 30 days. The experimental sheep were weighed on an empty stomach at 8:00 am in the morning on the first and last days of the experiment, and recorded as the initial weight and final weight respectively. The daily feed intake (feed amount and residual feed amount) was also recorded.

[0064] Comparative Example 3

[0065] Compare Example 12 with Example 13.

[0066] Average daily gain (ADG) = (fasting weight of lambs before the start of the experiment - fasting weight of lambs after the end of the experiment) / number of experimental days;

[0067] Dry matter intake (ADFI) = (feed amount - residual feed amount) / test days

[0068] Feed to Gain Ratio (F / G) = Daily Feed Intake / Daily Weight Gain

[0069] Roughage weight / kg: 30*1*37=1110

[0070] Batch weight / kg: 30*1*37=1110

[0071] The effects of high-protein silage of Arundo donax and other feeds on the market on the growth performance of Small-tailed Han sheep are as follows:

[0072]

[0073] The above results show that:

[0074] The average daily feed intake of the high-protein silage group of Phragmites australis was significantly lower than that of the oat grass + yellow corn straw group;

[0075] The average daily weight gain of the high-protein silage group of Phragmites australis was higher than that of the oat straw + yellow corn straw group; the feed-to-weight ratio of the high-protein silage group of Phragmites australis was lower than that of the oat straw + yellow corn straw group, but the difference was not significant (P﹥0.05).

[0076] Comparative Example 4:

[0077] The high-protein silage of Phragmites australis obtained in Example 8 was compared with other feeds on the market, and the comparison results were as follows:

[0078]

[0079] The above results show that compared with other forages, the nonaploid Arundo donax high-protein silage of the present invention has a higher protein content, a better feeding effect and a larger yield.

[0080] In summary, the silage obtained by fermenting 1-meter-tall Phragmites australis for 30 days has high crude protein content, balanced content of other nutrients, low pH value, easy preservation, good palatability, and better feeding effect than other common forages on the market. It is a high-quality high-protein silage.

[0081] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-protein silage of Phragmites australis, characterized in that: The silage consists of sword-leaved Phragmites australis straw and a composite silage fermentation agent; in the silage, the weight ratio of the sword-leaved Phragmites australis straw to the composite silage fermentation agent is 2000:1, and the silage is wrapped and fermented; The sword-leaf Phragmites australis straw is selected from nonaploid sword-leaf Phragmites australis straw, and the sword-leaf Phragmites australis plant height is selected to be 1-2.5m.

2. The high-protein silage of Phragmites australis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite silage fermentation bacterial agent is prepared by compounding composite plant lactic acid bacteria, bacillus and yeast in a volume ratio of 7.5:1:1.

5.

3. The high-protein silage of Phragmites australis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plant height of sword-leaved Phragmites australis is selected to be 1m.

4. The high-protein silage of Phragmites australis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plant height of sword-leaved Phragmites australis is selected to be 1.5m.

5. The high-protein silage of Phragmites australis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plant height of sword-leaved Phragmites australis is selected to be 2m.

6. The high-protein silage of Phragmites australis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plant height of Phyllostachys japonica is selected to be 2.5m.

7. A method for preparing the high-protein silage of Phragmites australis according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: crush the nine-ploid Phragmites australis stalks with a crusher, and set the crushing length to 1-2 cm; Step 2: Add the raw materials of the composite silage fermentation agent into a blender according to the proportion and stir them thoroughly for 30 minutes to obtain the composite silage fermentation agent; Step three: fully mix the crushed Phragmites australis particles with the composite silage fermentation agent, and carry out silage fermentation with a fermentation time of 10-60 days and a fermentation and storage temperature of 25±2°C to obtain silage.

8. The method for preparing high-protein silage of Phragmites australis according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fermentation time of wrapped silage is 30 days.

Images