Method and device for preparing bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straws

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and device of a bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straws, and relates to the technical field of crop fertilizers, the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials by weight: 50-100 parts of crop straws, 5-10 parts of livestock manure, 1-5 parts of a fermentation inoculant, 1-8 parts of a soil buffer agent, 2-8 parts of chitosan, and 1-10 parts of a soil chelating agent; according to the preparation method and device of the bio-organic fertilizer of the crop straw, the fermentation inoculant and the soil chelating agent are added at the same time, microorganisms in the fermentation inoculant can efficiently degrade organic matter in the straw and convert the organic matter into biomass, the soil fertility is enhanced, plants can fully absorb nutrient substances, the action time of the fertilizer is prolonged, and the yield of the fertilizer is increased. The soil chelating agent can be used for complexing calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc and other trace elements required by the growth of plants in the fertilized soil, so that the disease resistance of the plants is enhanced, the soil resistance is improved, and the crop yield is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop fertilizers, and in particular to a method and a device for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straws. Background Art

[0002] Crop straw is the largest byproduct of agricultural production in my country. Direct on-site burning will lead to resource waste and environmental pollution. Although returning straw to the field can improve its utilization rate, it has problems such as slow decomposition and impact on farming. Direct use as livestock feed has problems such as poor palatability and nutritional imbalance. Crop straw is rich in organic matter and a variety of nutrients. Crop straw fertilizer is an effective way to quickly and massively process surplus straw. Through the fermentation of microorganisms, it can be converted into fertilizer that is easily absorbed and utilized by plants. This fertilizer can provide plants with comprehensive and long-term nutrition, increase soil organic matter, promote microbial activity, and improve soil properties. It is a key nutrient source for green food production.

[0003] Bio-organic fertilizer is a new type of microbial fertilizer developed based on the principles of rhizosphere soil microecology and plant nutrition physiology using modern bio-fermentation engineering technology. It is based on specific multifunctional active microorganisms, with crop straw as the carrier, and a small amount of inorganic nutrients and trace elements in a reasonable combination. It is processed using advanced technology and harmlessly treated, so it has environmentally friendly characteristics. In addition to containing a high amount of organic matter, bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw also contains microorganisms with specific functions. It is a type of fertilizer that has both microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer effects. It can not only improve soil fertility and crop yields, but also regulate soil microbial metabolism and improve soil activity.

[0004] Although existing organic fertilizers can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and increase soil fertility to a certain extent, long-term use can easily lead to soil compaction in the fertilized area, reduce soil activity, and even cause an imbalance in soil pH, affecting crop yields and normal soil microbial structure. In addition, soil chelators can form stable complexes with trace elements in the soil, thereby protecting the nutrients in chemical fertilizers from being fixed or lost by other substances in the soil. However, existing bio-organic fertilizers are often less considered in design and production for special formulation based on soil pH balance and metal complexing effects, which means that most fertilizers are not adapted to local conditions, and the most suitable bio-organic fertilizer cannot be selected based on the soil pH and trace element conditions in a specific area. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for preparing bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw, so as to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical scheme: a biological organic fertilizer based on crop straw, whose raw materials include by weight: 50-100 parts of crop straw, 5-10 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 1-5 parts of fermentation bacteria, 1-8 parts of soil buffer, 2-8 parts of chitosan, and 1-10 parts of soil chelating agent.

[0007] Furthermore, the crop straw is at least one of rice straw, wheat straw, rape straw, cotton straw and corn straw.

[0008] Furthermore, the livestock manure is at least one of chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure and cow manure.

[0009] Furthermore, the fermentation agent is at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, lactic acid bacteria, yeast or photosynthetic bacteria.

[0010] Furthermore, the soil buffer is humic acid or calcium carbonate.

[0011] Furthermore, the soil chelating agent is polyaspartic acid or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

[0012] The present invention also discloses a method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0013] S1. Use a pulverizer to cut the crop straw into about 2 cm, remove impurities, and fully mix it with fermentation bacteria and livestock manure to obtain a premix, and adjust the water content of the premix;

[0014] S2, placing the premix after adjusting the moisture in a fermentation container, sealing and fermenting, during which the temperature, humidity and pH value in the fermentation container are monitored by a biological organic fertilizer detection device, and a mature product is obtained after 30 to 45 days;

[0015] S3, adding chitosan, soil chelating agent and soil buffer to the decomposed product, stirring evenly, and obtaining fermented fertilizer after crushing and sieving;

[0016] S4. Granulate the fermented fertilizer with a granulator, and obtain biological organic fertilizer after drying and sieving.

[0017] Furthermore, the water content of the premix in S1 is 45% to 55%; the mass ratio of the crop straw to the livestock manure in S1 is 20 to 30:1.

[0018] Furthermore, the temperature of the fermentation container in S2 is controlled at 40-65° C.; the humidity in the fermentation container in S2 is controlled at 30%-60%.

[0019] The present invention also discloses a bio-organic fertilizer detection device based on crop straw, comprising a fermentation tank, a detection component is installed on one side of the fermentation tank, and the detection component is used to monitor the temperature, humidity and pH value during the fermentation process of the bio-organic fertilizer;

[0020] The detection component comprises:

[0021] a pin that is slidably mounted on one side of the fermenter;

[0022] A temperature display screen is fixedly mounted on the side of the fermentation tank away from the pins;

[0023] A temperature sensor is fixedly mounted on a side of the pin close to the fermentation tank and is located inside the fermentation tank;

[0024] A humidity display screen is fixedly mounted on the side of the pins away from the fermenter and is located on the same side as the temperature display screen;

[0025] A humidity sensor is fixedly mounted on a side of the pin close to the fermentation tank and is located inside the fermentation tank, and the humidity sensor is located on the same side as the temperature sensor;

[0026] A pH value display screen is fixedly mounted on the side of the fermenter away from the pins and is located on the same side as the temperature display screen;

[0027] The pH value display screen, the temperature display screen and the humidity display screen are distributed on the same side where the pins are away from the fermentation tank;

[0028] A pH sensor is fixedly mounted on a side of the pin close to the fermentation tank and is located inside the fermentation tank;

[0029] The pH sensor, temperature sensor and humidity sensor are distributed on the same side of the pins close to the fermentation tank.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method and device for preparing bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw, which utilizes a large amount of organic matter contained in crop straw, and adds fermentation agents and soil chelators at the same time, wherein the microorganisms in the fermentation agents can efficiently degrade the organic matter in the straw, convert the organic matter into biomass, enhance soil fertility, allow plants to fully absorb nutrients, extend the action time of the fertilizer, and improve the nutrient utilization rate of the fertilizer, while the soil chelator can complex the calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc and other trace elements required for plant growth in the fertilized soil, enhance the disease resistance of the plant, improve soil resistance, and increase crop yield. In addition, adding soil buffers to bio-organic fertilizers can regulate soil pH, improve soil physical and chemical properties, help reduce the risk of soil acidification and salinization, avoid excessive use of chemical fertilizers to burden the soil, and thus be suitable for soils in different regions, improve soil stability in fertilized areas, and help the development of sustainable agriculture. The bio-organic fertilizer detection device integrates multiple sensors into a detection component, and can simultaneously monitor multiple key indicators in the bio-organic fertilizer fermentation process, such as temperature, humidity and pH value. The equipment has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and can quickly collect data to ensure the efficient preparation of bio-organic fertilizer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the preparation process of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of an organic fertilizer fermentation tank provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the detection component provided in Example 5 of the present invention.

[0035] Description of reference numerals:

[0036] 1. Fermentation tank; 2. Detection component; 201. Temperature display screen; 202. Temperature sensor; 203. Humidity display screen; 204. Humidity sensor; 205. pH value display screen; 206. pH value sensor; 207. Pin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Embodiment 1:

[0039] See also Figure 1 A bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw, whose raw materials include by weight: 50-100 parts of crop straw, 5-10 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 1-5 parts of fermentation bacteria, 1-8 parts of soil buffer, 2-8 parts of chitosan, and 1-10 parts of soil chelating agent.

[0040] Among them, the crop straw is at least one of rice straw, wheat straw, rape straw, cotton straw, and corn straw; the poultry and livestock manure is at least one of chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure, and cow manure; the fermentation agent is at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, or photosynthetic bacteria; the soil buffer is humic acid or calcium carbonate; and the soil chelating agent is polyaspartic acid (PASP) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

[0041] The present invention also discloses a method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0042] S1. Use a pulverizer to cut 50-100 parts of corn stalks into about 2 cm, remove impurities, and fully mix with 1-5 parts of fermentation bacteria and 5-10 parts of pig manure to obtain a premix, and adjust the water content of the premix; the water content of the premix is ​​45% to 55%; the mass ratio of crop straw to livestock manure is 20-30:1;

[0043] The specific implementation method is as follows: 100 kg of corn stalks are cut into pieces of about 2 cm using a pulverizer, and the processed corn stalks, 3 kg of fermentation bacteria and 5 kg of pig manure are put into a blender for high-speed stirring to ensure that the components are fully mixed and uniform to obtain a premix, and the water content of the premix is ​​adjusted; wherein, the 3 kg of fermentation bacteria is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a ratio of 1:1:1; the mass of 5 kg of pig manure is based on dry weight, and the pig manure should be ensured to be dry and free of impurities; the water content of the premix is ​​50%; and the mass ratio of crop straw to livestock manure is 20:1.

[0044] S2, placing the premix after adjusting the moisture in an organic fertilizer fermentation tank, sealing and fermenting, during which the temperature, humidity and pH value in the fermentation container are monitored by a biological organic fertilizer detection device, and a mature product is obtained after 30 to 45 days;

[0045] The specific implementation method is that during the fermentation process, the temperature in the fermentation tank is regularly monitored and maintained at about 50°C to promote the activity of microorganisms and the decomposition rate of organic matter. If the temperature is too high, timely measures should be taken to cool it down, such as increasing ventilation or turning on cooling equipment; according to the humidity changes of the material in the fermentation tank, water is added in time to maintain the humidity of the material at about 45% to ensure the smooth progress of the fermentation process; the agitator of the fermentation tank is started regularly to mix the material evenly and increase the oxygen content. The stirring frequency and time should be determined according to the material characteristics and the fermentation stage; under normal circumstances, the fermentation time is 30 to 45 days. At the same time, during the fermentation process, samples can be taken regularly to detect the degree of maturity of the material.

[0046] S3, adding 2kg of chitosan, 1kg of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 1kg of soil buffer to the decomposed product, stirring evenly, crushing and sieving, removing large impurities and incompletely decomposed straw to obtain fermented fertilizer; the soil buffer can be selected from humic acid or calcium carbonate according to the pH value of the soil in the fertilization area;

[0047] The specific implementation method is that the decomposed straw organic fertilizer should have the following characteristics: dark brown or dark brown in color; soft and fragile; no odor and with earthy aroma; soft and elastic when held by hand; very brittle and easy to break when dry. In addition, the collapse of the pile by 1 / 3 or 1 / 2 compared to when it was just piled is also a sign of decomposition.

[0048] Chitosan can promote the massive reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in the soil in a short period of time. The combined effect of these beneficial microorganisms can release the fixed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in the soil, thereby improving the fertility of the soil. At the same time, chitosan can also promote the decomposition of macromolecular humus, forming biological humic acid such as humic acid and humic acid, providing more nutrition for plants, and promoting the formation of soil aggregate structure, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, such as air permeability, water and fertilizer retention capacity, etc.

[0049] EDTA is a widely used chelating agent that can form stable complexes with various metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc to prevent these metal ions from being fixed by the soil, improve their effectiveness, and thus increase the nutrient utilization rate of plants. At the same time, EDTA can reduce the toxic effects of heavy metals and protect plant growth. In addition, chelating agents can further activate trace elements in the soil and promote the activity of soil microorganisms, thereby improving soil fertility.

[0050] Soil buffers are mainly used to improve the buffering performance of soil, which is usually closely related to the organic matter content and structure of the soil. Although bio-organic fertilizers can increase the organic matter content of the soil and improve the soil structure, thereby improving the buffering performance of the soil, adding soil buffers can further enhance this effect and help reduce the risk of soil acidification and salinization. If appropriate soil buffers are selected according to local conditions and added to bio-organic fertilizers, a more stable growth environment can be provided for crops in areas with different pH levels.

[0051] S4. Granulate the fermented fertilizer with a granulator, and obtain biological organic fertilizer after drying and sieving.

[0052] The specific implementation method is that before using the granulator to granulate the fermented fertilizer, it should be ensured that the fermented fertilizer is fully decomposed, has no odor, and has a moderate water content. If the fermented fertilizer is too wet, it needs to be properly dried.

[0053] Embodiment 2:

[0054] See also Figure 1 A bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw, whose raw materials include by weight: 50-100 parts of crop straw, 5-10 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 1-5 parts of fermentation bacteria, 1-8 parts of soil buffer, 2-8 parts of chitosan, and 1-10 parts of soil chelating agent.

[0055] Among them, the crop straw is at least one of rice straw, wheat straw, rape straw, cotton straw, and corn straw; the poultry and livestock manure is at least one of chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure, and cow manure; the fermentation agent is at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, or photosynthetic bacteria; the soil buffer is humic acid or calcium carbonate; and the soil chelating agent is polyaspartic acid (PASP) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

[0056] The present invention also discloses a method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0057] S1. Use a pulverizer to cut 100 kg of corn stalks into pieces of about 2 cm, fully mix the treated corn stalks with 3 kg of fermentation bacteria and 5 kg of pig manure to obtain a premix, and adjust the water content of the premix to 50%; wherein the 3 kg of fermentation bacteria is a mixture of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria in a ratio of 1:1:1;

[0058] S2, placing the premix after adjusting the moisture in an organic fertilizer fermentation tank, sealing and fermenting, during which the temperature, humidity and pH value in the fermentation container are monitored by a biological organic fertilizer detection device, and a mature product is obtained after 30 to 45 days;

[0059] S3, adding 2kg of chitosan, 1kg of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 1kg of soil buffer to the decomposed product, stirring evenly, crushing and sieving, removing large impurities and incompletely decomposed straw to obtain fermented fertilizer; the soil buffer can be selected from humic acid or calcium carbonate according to the pH value of the soil in the fertilization area;

[0060] S4. Granulate the fermented fertilizer with a granulator, and obtain biological organic fertilizer after drying and sieving.

[0061] Embodiment three:

[0062] See also Figure 1 A bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw, whose raw materials include by weight: 50-100 parts of crop straw, 5-10 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 1-5 parts of fermentation bacteria, 1-8 parts of soil buffer, 2-8 parts of chitosan, and 1-10 parts of soil chelating agent.

[0063] Among them, the crop straw is at least one of rice straw, wheat straw, rape straw, cotton straw, and corn straw; the poultry and livestock manure is at least one of chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure, and cow manure; the fermentation agent is at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, or photosynthetic bacteria; the soil buffer is humic acid or calcium carbonate; and the soil chelating agent is polyaspartic acid (PASP) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

[0064] The present invention also discloses a method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0065] S1. Use a pulverizer to cut 100 kg of rape straw into about 2 cm, and fully mix the treated rape straw with 3 kg of fermentation bacteria and 5 kg of pig manure to obtain a premix, and adjust the water content of the premix to 50%; wherein the 3 kg of fermentation bacteria is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a ratio of 1:1:1;

[0066] S2, placing the premix after adjusting the moisture in an organic fertilizer fermentation tank, sealing and fermenting, during which the temperature, humidity and pH value in the fermentation container are monitored by a biological organic fertilizer detection device, and a mature product is obtained after 30 to 45 days;

[0067] S3, adding 2kg of chitosan, 1kg of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 1kg of soil buffer to the decomposed product, stirring evenly, crushing and sieving, removing large impurities and incompletely decomposed straw to obtain fermented fertilizer; the soil buffer can be selected from humic acid or calcium carbonate according to the pH value of the soil in the fertilization area;

[0068] S4. Granulate the fermented fertilizer with a granulator, and obtain biological organic fertilizer after drying and sieving.

[0069] Embodiment 4:

[0070] See also Figure 1 A bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw, whose raw materials include by weight: 50-100 parts of crop straw, 5-10 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 1-5 parts of fermentation bacteria, 1-8 parts of soil buffer, 2-8 parts of chitosan, and 1-10 parts of soil chelating agent.

[0071] Among them, the crop straw is at least one of rice straw, wheat straw, rape straw, cotton straw, and corn straw; the poultry and livestock manure is at least one of chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure, and cow manure; the fermentation agent is at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, or photosynthetic bacteria; the soil buffer is humic acid or calcium carbonate; and the soil chelating agent is polyaspartic acid (PASP) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

[0072] The present invention also discloses a method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0073] S1. Use a pulverizer to cut 100 kg of rape straw into about 2 cm, and fully mix the treated rape straw with 3 kg of fermentation bacteria and 5 kg of pig manure to obtain a premix, and adjust the water content of the premix to 50%; wherein the 3 kg of fermentation bacteria is a mixture of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria in a ratio of 1:1:1;

[0074] S2, placing the premix after adjusting the moisture in an organic fertilizer fermentation tank, sealing and fermenting, during which the temperature, humidity and pH value in the fermentation container are monitored by a biological organic fertilizer detection device, and a mature product is obtained after 30 to 45 days;

[0075] S3, adding 2kg of chitosan, 1kg of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 1kg of soil buffer to the decomposed product, stirring evenly, crushing and sieving, removing large impurities and incompletely decomposed straw to obtain fermented fertilizer; the soil buffer can be selected from humic acid or calcium carbonate according to the pH value of the soil in the fertilization area;

[0076] S4. Granulate the fermented fertilizer with a granulator, and obtain biological organic fertilizer after drying and sieving.

[0077] Table 1 Types of crop straw and fermentation agents in Examples 1 to 4

[0078]

[0079] In areas where soil fertility needs to be improved quickly, corn straw, which decomposes faster, can be chosen; in areas where soil structure and water and fertilizer retention capacity need to be improved, rapeseed straw can be chosen.

[0080] Embodiment five:

[0081] See also Figure 2-3 , a bio-organic fertilizer detection device based on crop straw, comprising a fermentation tank 1, a detection component 2 is installed on one side of the fermentation tank 1, and the detection component 2 is used to monitor the temperature, humidity and pH value during the fermentation process of the bio-organic fertilizer;

[0082] The detection component 2 includes:

[0083] A pin 207, which is slidably mounted on one side of the fermentation tank 1;

[0084] The temperature display screen 201 is fixedly mounted on a side of the pin 207 away from the fermentation tank 1;

[0085] The temperature sensor 202 is fixedly mounted on a side of the pin 207 close to the fermentation tank 1 and is located inside the fermentation tank 1;

[0086] A humidity display screen 203 is fixedly mounted on a side of the pin 207 away from the fermentation tank 1 and is located on the same side as the temperature display screen 201;

[0087] The humidity sensor 204 is fixedly mounted on the side of the pin 207 close to the fermentation tank 1 and is located inside the fermentation tank 1. The humidity sensor 204 is located on the same side as the temperature sensor 202;

[0088] A pH value display screen 205 is fixedly mounted on a side of the pin 207 away from the fermentation tank 1 and is located on the same side as the temperature display screen 201;

[0089] The pH value display screen 205, the temperature display screen 201 and the humidity display screen 203 are distributed on the same side of the pin 207 away from the fermentation tank 1;

[0090] The pH sensor 206 is fixedly mounted on the side of the pin 207 close to the fermentation tank 1 and is located inside the fermentation tank 1;

[0091] The pH sensor 206 , the temperature sensor 202 and the humidity sensor 204 are distributed on the same side of the pins 207 close to the fermentation tank 1 .

[0092] The specific implementation method is that the material of the temperature sensor 202, the humidity sensor 204 and the pH sensor 206 should be made of a material with high hardness and corrosion resistance, including but not limited to stainless steel. During the fermentation process, the operator should regularly check the changes in the values ​​on each display screen to ensure that the fermentation process is carried out under suitable temperature, humidity and pH conditions. If any abnormality is found, measures should be taken in time to make adjustments. At the same time, the detection component 2 should be cleaned and maintained regularly to ensure the normal operation of each sensor and each display screen. At the same time, the fixing of the pin 207 should be checked regularly to ensure that the pin 207 will not loosen or fall off.

[0093] The above description is only by way of illustration of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. It is undoubted that those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw, characterized in that: The raw materials include, by weight: 50-100 parts of crop straw, 5-10 parts of livestock manure, 1-5 parts of fermentation bacteria, 1-8 parts of soil buffer, 2-8 parts of chitosan and 1-10 parts of soil chelating agent.

2. A bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crop straw is at least one of rice straw, wheat straw, rape straw, cotton straw and corn straw.

3. A bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, The livestock manure is at least one of chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure and cow manure.

4. A bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation agent is at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, lactic acid bacteria, yeast or photosynthetic bacteria.

5. A bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil buffer is humic acid or calcium carbonate.

6. A bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: Soil chelators are polyaspartic acid or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

7. A bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Use a pulverizer to cut the crop straw into about 2 cm, remove impurities, and fully mix it with fermentation bacteria and livestock manure to obtain a premix, and adjust the water content of the premix; S2, placing the premix after adjusting the moisture in a fermentation container, sealing and fermenting, during which the temperature, humidity and pH value in the fermentation container are monitored by a biological organic fertilizer detection device, and a mature product is obtained after 30 to 45 days; S3, adding chitosan, soil chelating agent and soil buffer to the decomposed product, stirring evenly, and obtaining fermented fertilizer after crushing and sieving; S4. Granulate the fermented fertilizer with a granulator, and obtain biological organic fertilizer after drying and sieving.

8. A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water content of the premix in S1 is 45% to 55%; the mass ratio of crop straw to livestock manure in S1 is 20 to 30:

1.

9. A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer based on crop straw according to claim 7, characterized in that: The temperature of the fermentation container in S2 is controlled at 40-65° C.; the humidity in the fermentation container in S2 is controlled at 30%-60%.

10. A bio-organic fertilizer detection device based on crop straw, comprising a fermentation tank (1), characterized in that: A detection component (2) is installed on one side of the fermentation tank (1) for monitoring the temperature, humidity and pH value during the fermentation process of the bio-organic fertilizer; The detection component (2) comprises: A pin (207) slidably mounted on one side of the fermentation tank (1); A temperature display screen (201) is fixedly mounted on a side of the pin (207) away from the fermentation tank (1); A temperature sensor (202) is fixedly mounted on a side of the pin (207) close to the fermentation tank (1), and is located inside the fermentation tank (1); A humidity display screen (203) is fixedly mounted on a side of the pin (207) away from the fermentation tank (1) and is located on the same side as the temperature display screen (201); A humidity sensor (204) is fixedly mounted on a side of the pin (207) close to the fermentation tank (1), and is located inside the fermentation tank (1), and the humidity sensor (204) is located on the same side as the temperature sensor (202); A pH value display screen (205) is fixedly mounted on the side of the pin (207) away from the fermentation tank (1) and is located on the same side as the temperature display screen (201); The pH value display screen (205), the temperature display screen (201) and the humidity display screen (203) are distributed on the same side of the pin (207) away from the fermentation tank (1); A pH sensor (206) is fixedly mounted on a side of the pin (207) close to the fermentation tank (1), and is located inside the fermentation tank (1); The pH sensor (206), the temperature sensor (202) and the humidity sensor (204) are distributed on the same side of the pin (207) close to the fermentation tank (1).

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