Landslide extensometer and ground disaster monitoring system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a landslide extensometer and a ground disaster monitoring system and method, and relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring, the landslide extensometer comprises a landslide extensometer body, a movable body is arranged in the landslide extensometer body, the movable body is connected with a main pull rope, the landslide extensometer further comprises a first connecting seat and a plurality of extension springs, the first connecting seat is fixed on a main pull rope outside the landslide extensometer body, one end of the extension spring is connected with a shell of the landslide extensometer body, and the other end of the extension spring is connected with the first connecting seat; the connecting position of the first connecting seat on the main pull rope meets the following conditions: when the main pull rope pulls the movable body to move, the extension spring generates tensile elastic deformation; the extension spring is detachable relative to the landslide extensometer body or detachable relative to the first connecting seat, the ground disaster monitoring system comprises the landslide extensometer, and the ground disaster monitoring method is realized based on the ground disaster monitoring system. According to the scheme, the convenience of realizing multi-point monitoring in landslide ground disaster monitoring based on the landslide extensometer can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring, and in particular to a landslide expansion meter, a geological disaster monitoring system and a method. Background Art

[0002] The landslide extensometer (also known as the landslide displacement monitor) is an instrument used to monitor the displacement changes of the surface or slope, and is widely used in the monitoring and early warning of geological disasters (such as landslides, collapses, ground subsidence, etc.). The landslide extensometer provides data support for disaster risk assessment and prevention by measuring the expansion and contraction deformation of the surface or structure with high precision.

[0003] In specific application, the method and principle of using the landslide extensometer are as follows: fixed piles and movable piles are set, the fixed piles are installed on stable strata, and the movable piles are installed on potential sliding bodies. The landslide extensometer is connected between the fixed piles and the movable piles by a tensioning rope (or telescopic rod), and the rope spans across both sides of the crack. When the movable pile moves relative to the fixed pile with the sliding body, the relative displacement change between the fixed pile and the movable pile is monitored in real time to judge the movement trend of the sliding body. When the movement data of the sliding body within a set time (measured in days or hours) is greater than a set threshold, a landslide warning is issued through a local or remote monitoring platform to buy time for the evacuation of personnel and the disposal of property.

[0004] In the prior art, in order to improve the sensitivity of landslide monitoring, the layout characteristics of landslide extensometers include: 1. It is advisable to fix the movable piles at the key deformation parts of the sliding body; 2. For areas with multiple ground cracks (cross cracks, radial cracks, etc.) and local terrain mutation areas, the better application is to set up multiple measuring points in the main sliding direction of the landslide and form a networked monitoring system (horizontal monitoring lines cooperate with longitudinal monitoring lines, and are further assisted by other landslide-inducing parameters, such as rainfall, groundwater level, etc., to achieve multi-parameter fusion monitoring).

[0005] Regarding specific implementation methods, in the prior art, the patent document with patent application number CN201520981109.8 provides a device for monitoring landslide deformation parameters based on multiple pull-wire displacement sensors. In this solution, by setting up multiple pull-wires and displacement sensors, sliding, sliding direction monitoring, sliding angle monitoring, etc. can be achieved.

[0006] In the prior art, when landslide extensometers are used to monitor landslide geological disasters in the same area, for multiple monitored sliding bodies or multiple sliding monitoring positions, it is usually necessary to configure a landslide extensometer for each sliding body or sliding monitoring position, which has the characteristics of a large number of landslide extensometers used, and troublesome site selection and setting of fixed piles. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned usage characteristics of the landslide extensometer in the same area with multiple monitored sliding bodies or multiple sliding monitoring positions, the present invention provides a landslide extensometer, a geological disaster monitoring system and a method. This scheme can effectively improve the convenience of multi-point monitoring in landslide and geological disaster monitoring based on the landslide extensometer.

[0008] In view of the above problems, the landslide extensometer, geological disaster monitoring system and method provided by the present invention solve the problems through the following technical points: the landslide extensometer comprises a landslide extensometer body, wherein the landslide extensometer body is provided with a movable body for sensing landslide displacement, the movable body is connected with a main pull rope for pulling the movable body to move, the main pull rope extends to the outside of the landslide extensometer body, and further comprises a first connecting seat and a plurality of tension springs, wherein the first connecting seat is fixed to the main pull rope outside the landslide extensometer body, and the tension springs are all connected to the outer shell of the landslide extensometer body at one end and the first connecting seat at the other end; The connection position of the first connection seat on the main pull rope satisfies that: when the main pull rope pulls the movable body to move, the tension spring undergoes tension elastic deformation; The tension spring is detachable relative to the landslide extensometer body or relative to the first connecting seat.

[0009] In the prior art, the movable body is the part of the landslide extensometer that moves with the landslide sliding body under the traction of the landslide sliding body, and is usually a movable mechanical structure. The method for the landslide extensometer to obtain a landslide signal includes: the landslide extensometer is installed between a fixed pile and a movable pile, a pull rope such as a steel wire is arranged between the fixed pile and the movable pile, and the pull rope is pulled on the movable body. When a landslide occurs, the movable pile installed on the landslide sliding body slides with the landslide sliding body, and the position of the movable pile changes relative to the fixed pile fixed on the stable stratum. At this time, the pull rope pulls the movable body, and the movement amount and state of the movable body are monitored by the sensor to judge the landslide displacement, speed, acceleration, etc. of the landslide sliding body. In the prior art, the accuracy of using sensors to monitor the movement amount of the movable body can reach the millimeter level, and automatic data collection and transmission can be realized at the same time. When the displacement amount or displacement rate exceeds a preset threshold, the system automatically triggers an early warning. Therefore, the use of the landslide extensometer can effectively buy time for personnel evacuation.

[0010] In order to ensure that the above-mentioned pull rope can remain in a tensioned state during the landslide monitoring process, for the use of the pull rope across the ground cracks, a specific implementation method of the movable body is: the movable body includes a drum, and the drum is installed in the housing of the landslide extensometer through an elastic force storage element such as a vortex spring, and one end of the pull rope is wound on the drum. The movable body that has completed the tensioning provides tension for the pull rope under the restoring force of the elastic force storage element, and the vortex spring maintains the tension on the pull rope through the elastic restoring force generated by its deformation, or an elastic tape measure (steel roll) is installed on the drum, and the elastic tape measure serves as the pull rope or a component of the pull rope. After the movable body completes the tensioning, a part of the elastic tape measure is pulled out, and the force is stored by the elastic tape measure, and the tension on the pull rope is maintained by the elastic restoring force of the elastic tape measure.

[0011] In specific applications, when there are multiple ground cracks in a certain area, if a landslide extensometer is needed and multiple landslide monitoring points in the area are required to monitor the landslide sliding body, the prior art requires the use of multiple sets of landslide extensometers, that is, each landslide monitoring point is equipped with at least one set of geological disaster monitoring system including a landslide extensometer, fixed piles, movable piles, and pull ropes (for remote transmission of signals, an edge physical proxy device can be used to collect, calculate and remotely transmit multi-channel signals from each landslide extensometer). However, such a setting method not only increases the system cost and complexity, but also has the problem of inconvenience in setting multiple fixed piles under certain geological conditions.

[0012] Based on the above-mentioned characteristics of the use of landslide extensometers in the prior art in multiple landslide monitoring points, the above-mentioned landslide extensometer technical solution is provided. The design background and core concept of this solution are as follows: whether it is to use elastic force storage elements such as vortex springs to constrain the movable body of the reel, or to use an elastic tape to pull the movable body of the reel to rotate, the vortex spring / elastic tape is built-in and installed in the landslide extensometer. For non-custom-made landslide extensometers, the elastic properties of the vortex spring / elastic tape are certain. For example, when the landslide extensometer is fixed on a fixed pile, when multiple movable piles are connected to the pull rope or the elastic tape according to monitoring needs, the number of movable piles used needs to be confirmed according to the current monitoring requirements, and the pull rope connected to each movable pile needs to maintain a set tension. The combined force of these tensions may cause the vortex spring / elastic tape to deform to exceed the elastic limit. For example, when the landslide extensometer is fixed on a fixed pile, when multiple movable piles are connected to the pull rope or the elastic tape according to monitoring needs, the number of movable piles used needs to be confirmed according to the current monitoring requirements, and the pull rope connected to each movable pile needs to maintain a set tension. The combined force of these tensions may cause the vortex spring / elastic tape to deform to exceed the elastic limit. For example, when the landslide extensometer is completed After the system rope is tensioned, if the drum reaches its rotation limit (the scroll spring reaches its elastic deformation limit and the elastic tape is fully pulled out), then when a landslide occurs, the movable pile cannot further pull the drum to move. Therefore, the sensor monitoring the rotation of the drum, or the sensor monitoring the pulling movement of the rope and the elastic tape cannot detect the landslide signal, resulting in system failure. Similarly, after the system rope is tensioned, under the above combined force, when the deformation of the scroll spring / elastic tape causes the state of the lower drum to approach its movable limit, when a landslide occurs, such as under the pull of the sliding body, the sensor's movement monitoring results of the movable body / rope / elastic tape have not reached the set threshold for triggering a landslide warning, the drum has reached its rotation limit and cannot be further rotated under the pull of the sliding body to obtain an effective monitoring signal. There is also a problem that the landslide signal cannot be accurately obtained, resulting in system failure. The structural design of the present invention is different from the prior art in that a first connecting seat is arranged on the main pull rope, and a tension spring is tensioned between the first connecting seat and the outer shell of the landslide extensometer body, and the tension spring is arranged so that when the main pull rope pulls the movable body to move, the tension spring undergoes tension elastic deformation. When the landslide extensometer is used to realize landslide monitoring of multiple landslide monitoring points, the landslide extensometer is fixed on a fixed pile, and the movable piles installed on each landslide monitoring point are connected to the main pull rope through an auxiliary pull rope. Part of the pulling force of the auxiliary pull rope on the multiple movable piles at the front end of the main pull rope on the main pull rope is borne by the tension spring, thereby reducing the pulling force of the main pull rope on the movable body. When the vortex spring and the elastic tape are subjected to a smaller force to balance the pulling force, the movable body has sufficient movable margin to adapt to the pulling of the sliding body, so that the sliding characteristics of the sliding body can be effectively monitored and used for landslide disaster warning.The tension spring is detachable relative to the landslide extensometer body or the first connecting seat, so that the user can configure a suitable number of tension springs or tension springs with a suitable elastic coefficient according to the need to tension the auxiliary pull rope on each movable pile when using the landslide extensometer, so as to avoid the situation where the elastic component formed by the tension spring has too much resistance to the main pull rope being further pulled out, which requires further improving the anchoring strength of the movable pile at the landslide monitoring point, thereby increasing the difficulty and cost of setting the movable pile.

[0013] In summary, when the present solution is used to monitor multiple landslide monitoring points at multiple landslide monitoring points, by configuring a tension spring between the landslide extensometer body and the main pull rope, not only can the tension of the auxiliary pull rope connected to each movable pile in the geological disaster monitoring system be guaranteed, so that the sliding of the sliding body at each landslide monitoring point can be effectively monitored, but also, after the tension on the main pull rope is shared by the tension spring and the tension on the movable body is reduced, even if more movable piles are connected to the main pull rope to realize multi-point monitoring of landslides, it can be ensured that the movable body has sufficient movable margin to adapt to the pulling of the sliding body, so that the sliding characteristics of the sliding body can be effectively monitored and used for landslide geological disaster early warning. The structural characteristics of the present solution can realize a single landslide extensometer covering multiple landslide monitoring points, and improve the convenience of the landslide extensometer in the multi-point monitoring of landslides. At the same time, the end connection method of the tension spring adopted above is convenient for flexible configuration of the anchoring strength of the movable piles and the landslide monitoring points, which is beneficial to the difficulty of setting up the movable piles and cost control.

[0014] The main pull rope can be an elastic tape measure as described above. The method of use provided in this solution is only used to explain the principle of this solution. As a person skilled in the art, it can also be used to achieve landslide monitoring through the movement of the movable body when the main pull rope is retracted.

[0015] In a specific application embodiment, a shell configured as a landslide extensometer body is fixed on the top surface of a mounting platform on the top of a fixed pile, and an elastic assembly and a reversing wheel assembly are arranged in sequence from back to front along the direction in which the main pull rope is led out, wherein the elastic assembly comprises a first connecting seat and a plurality of tension springs for distributing part of the tension on the main pull rope to the shell of the landslide extensometer body, and the reversing wheel assembly (including a plurality of second limiting wheel groups provided as follows) is used to constrain the extension direction of each auxiliary pull rope to avoid mutual pulling between the auxiliary pull ropes, resulting in the situation in which the relevant tension of the auxiliary pull rope is offset by other auxiliary pull ropes under the pulling of the movable pile, and the main pull rope cannot be pulled. At the same time, the reversing wheel assembly is used to control the direction of the tension of the auxiliary pull rope on the main pull rope, so that when any auxiliary pull rope pulls the main pull rope, the main pull rope pulls the movable body in a posture as straight as possible when being pulled out of the landslide extensometer body, to avoid the situation in which the auxiliary pull rope pulls the main pull rope laterally, causing the movable body's movement sensitivity and movement amplitude to decrease.

[0016] In a specific embodiment, a plurality of slots are provided on the end surface of the shell and the first connecting seat. The end surface of the shell is the end surface of the landslide extensometer body from which the main pull rope end is led out. The end of the tension spring is connected to the end surface of the shell and the first connecting seat through the slots.

[0017] The above provides a connection structure for connecting a tension spring on the end surface of the shell and on the first connecting seat, aiming to provide a technical solution for convenient installation and disassembly of the tension spring on the end surface of the shell and on the first connecting seat. Specifically, the tension spring can adopt a coil spring. When the tension spring is a conventional coil spring structure, an avoidance hole is provided on the groove wall of the slot, and the end of the coil spring is embedded and engaged in the slot, and the coil spring extends to the outside of the slot through the avoidance hole; the tension spring can also be configured to be relative to the conventional coil spring, and hook structures are provided at both ends of the coil structure, and the hook structure is embedded and engaged in the slot. During specific use, according to the number of tension springs required, a suitable number of slots are selected from these slots for installing the tension springs. The slots on the end face of the shell and the first connecting seat are preferably set as follows: for the main pull rope extending straight outside the landslide extensometer body, the slots on each are set to be symmetrical with respect to the main pull rope, and when installing the tension spring, the tension spring is also installed so that it is symmetrical with respect to the main pull rope. In this way, when a landslide occurs at the landslide monitoring point and the auxiliary pull rope further tensions the main pull rope, not only can the force on each tension spring be balanced, but also the lateral deformation of the main pull rope can be reduced, thereby ensuring the sensitivity of the main pull rope in pulling the movable body and the movement amplitude of the movable body during landslide.

[0018] In a specific embodiment, it also includes a mounting platform and a baffle, the landslide extensometer body and the baffle are both fixed on the mounting platform, and the baffle is located on the extension path of the main pull rope; The baffle is provided with a through hole or a groove, and the main pull rope passes through the baffle through the through hole or the groove; The relative position of the landslide telescope body and the baffle satisfies that: the first connecting seat is located in the space between the landslide telescope body and the baffle, and when the main pull rope is pulled out relative to the landslide telescope body, the baffle blocks the first connecting seat to limit the maximum displacement of the main pull rope being pulled out relative to the landslide telescope body.

[0019] The above provides a technical solution of using a baffle to constrain the maximum extension length of a tension spring. After the first connecting seat contacts the baffle, the main pull rope reaches the maximum pull-out length relative to the landslide extensometer body. At this time, when the movable pile further pulls the main pull rope through the auxiliary pull rope, the tension on the main pull rope is transmitted to the installation platform through the baffle. That is, at this time, the movable body no longer moves further, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the landslide extensometer. At the same time, the fixed pile and the movable pile directly transmit tension through the main pull rope and the auxiliary pull rope. For example, the fixed pile in the monitoring system is anchored to have a stronger anchoring strength than the movable pile. In the process of further landslide of the sliding body, the fixed pile is used to pull the movable pile to separate the movable pile from the sliding body. At this time, the vortex spring can be used to drive the drum to rotate, the elastic tape can be used to drive the drum to rotate, and the tension spring can be used to pull the main pull rope back, so that the movable body of the landslide extensometer returns to a state where the landslide can be further monitored. In summary, when the present solution is used to realize multi-point monitoring of landslides, when a landslide occurs at a local monitoring point and before the movable pile is separated from the sliding body, the baffle can prevent the movable body on the landslide extensometer from losing its landslide monitoring capability or being damaged due to excessive pulling. After the movable pile is separated from the sliding body, depending on the pulling force of the movable pile separated from the sliding body on the main pull rope at this time, in the absence of human interference, the monitoring system has a chance to recover and continue to monitor the landslide conditions at other landslide monitoring points.

[0020] As a technician in this field, when using the movement of a movable body within a set time to monitor a landslide, the relative positions of the first connecting seat and the baffle need to be configured as follows: before the first connecting seat contacts the baffle, the pull-out amount of the main pull rope must be sufficient to pull the movable body to move to the amount of movement that triggers a landslide warning.

[0021] In a specific embodiment, the first connecting seat includes a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate, the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate overlap to form a clamping space for clamping the main pull rope, and the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are locked to each other and clamped on the main pull rope through connecting bolts.

[0022] The above scheme provides a technical solution for conveniently selecting the connection position of the first connecting seat on the main pull rope, specifically: the first clamp plate and the second clamp plate form a clamp structure, and when the first clamp plate and the second clamp plate are locked by connecting bolts, the first connecting seat is fixed on the main pull rope through the clamping space. Therefore, after the user loosens the connecting bolts, the first connecting seat can be fixed at any position of the main pull rope. In this way, when fixing the tension spring on the main pull rope, the main pull rope can be pulled so that an elastic constraint force is exerted on the movable body, and then the state of the main pull rope is maintained, and the tension spring is pulled along the extension direction of the main pull rope through the first connecting seat, so that the tension spring undergoes or is about to undergo elastic deformation, and then the first connecting seat and the main pull rope are fixed. In this way, the first connecting seat can be conveniently and effectively arranged on the main pull rope. On the other hand, under different monitoring applications, for different movable body movement amounts that may trigger landslide warning, the position of the baffle on the mounting platform can be configured to be adjustable. For example, a strip groove along the pulling direction of the main pull rope is configured on the mounting platform, and the baffle is fixed on the mounting platform by the strip groove, and the position of the baffle in the strip groove is adjustable. In specific implementation, it is configured that the first card plate and the second card plate both include a card plate, an ear plate and an end plate, the card plate is an arc plate, which is used to enclose the clamping space, the ear plate is fixed to the side of the card plate, and is used to carry the connecting bolt and the contact member that contacts the baffle as the first connecting seat, and the end plate is fixed to the rear end surface of the card plate or the ear plate, and is used to carry the card groove.

[0023] The present solution also relates to a geological disaster monitoring system, comprising a fixed pile, a landslide extensometer and a movable pile, wherein the landslide extensometer is a landslide extensometer as described in any one of the above items; There are multiple movable piles, each of which is equipped with an auxiliary pull rope, wherein one end of the auxiliary pull rope is connected to the movable pile, and the other end is connected to the main pull rope through a second connecting seat; It also includes at least one second limiting wheel group, which serves as a reversing wheel for the auxiliary pull rope and is used to provide constraints on the side of the auxiliary pull rope to achieve reversal of the extension direction of the auxiliary pull rope.

[0024] The above scheme is a specific application of the landslide extensometer, which is used to form a geological disaster monitoring system with multi-point monitoring capabilities. When in use, the fixed pile is fixed on a stable ground, and the movable pile is fixed on the landslide monitoring point of the sliding body. The landslide extensometer is pulled between the fixed pile and the movable pile by the main pull rope and the auxiliary pull rope. For the application of having multiple movable piles to realize multi-point landslide monitoring, this scheme is set to also include at least one second limiting wheel group, and the second limiting wheel group is used to form a reversing wheel assembly. The above second limiting wheel group is used to constrain all or part of the auxiliary pull ropes, so as to constrain the rope segments of these auxiliary pull ropes used to connect one end of the main pull rope to form a bundle structure. In this way, not only can the direction of the pulling force provided by each auxiliary pull rope to the main pull rope be controlled to be as close as possible to the extension direction of the end of the main pull rope, but also the situation that the auxiliary pull rope cannot effectively act on the main pull rope due to the mutual pulling between the auxiliary pull ropes can be avoided.

[0025] In a specific embodiment, at least one supporting assembly is further included, wherein the supporting assembly includes a supporting wheel and a turntable, wherein the supporting wheel is mounted on the turntable, and the supporting wheel includes a wheel frame and a wheel body rotatably mounted on the wheel frame via a first rotating shaft, wherein the wheel frame is rotatably mounted on the turntable via a second rotating shaft, wherein the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are perpendicular to each other, and the second rotating shaft is located directly below the wheel body; The wheel body serves as a lifting wheel on the bottom side of the auxiliary pull rope, and is used to provide support for the bottom side of the auxiliary pull rope to achieve lifting of the auxiliary pull rope.

[0026] In the above scheme, the support assembly is used as follows: installed on a mounting platform, such as to enable the wheel body to not only rotate around its own wheel axle (first rotating shaft), but also to rotate around the second wheel axle synchronously with the wheel frame. In this way, for example, if the landslide extensometer is fixed on a mounting platform of fixed piles, the mounting height of the landslide extensometer is higher than the connection point between the auxiliary pull rope and the movable pile. The support assembly is installed on the mounting platform, and the high-position support provided by the wheel body for the auxiliary pull rope is utilized to prevent the auxiliary pull rope from scratching the mounting platform during movement. At the same time, the force exerted by the auxiliary pull rope on the wheel body is utilized to force the wheel frame to rotate around the second wheel axle, so as to realize automatic adjustment of the wheel body orientation, so that the auxiliary pull rope at the wheel body position is an arched structure with upper and lower bends without lateral deformation, so as to ensure the reliability of the wheel body supporting the auxiliary pull rope. In specific applications, the wheel body, the first limiting wheel group, and the wheel structure on the second limiting wheel group are all set to a wheel structure with a diameter linearly changing from one end to the other end and the smallest diameter position located in the center. In this way, the grooves on the wheel structure are used to constrain the positions of the main pull rope and the auxiliary pull rope in the length direction of the wheel structure to ensure the reliability of the coordination between the main pull rope, the auxiliary pull rope and the wheel structure.

[0027] In a specific embodiment, it also includes a mounting platform and a first limiting wheel set, and the landslide extensometer body, the first limiting wheel set, the second limiting wheel set, and the turntable are all mounted on the mounting platform; The relative positions of the first limiting wheel group and the landslide telescopic instrument body are configured as follows: the first limiting wheel group is located at the main pull rope lead-out side of the landslide telescopic instrument body, the first limiting wheel group has two rollers that are both vertically arranged, the main pull rope passes through the gap between the two rollers, the first limiting wheel group is located at one end of the main pull rope close to the second connecting seat, and the tension spring and the first connecting seat are both located in the space between the first limiting wheel group and the landslide telescopic instrument body; When two or more auxiliary pull ropes are connected to the main pull rope, the position of the second limiting wheel group on the mounting platform is configured as follows: the second limiting wheel group is used to constrain the extension direction of the end rope segment of the auxiliary pull rope, the end rope segment is constrained to be a bundle, and the end rope segment is a rope segment at one end of the auxiliary pull rope used to connect with the main pull rope; The position of the turntable on the mounting platform is configured to support the auxiliary pull rope between the movable pile and the second limiting wheel set.

[0028] The above scheme provides an integrated technical scheme, that is, using the installation platform to integrate multiple parts of the system into an integrated structure to facilitate the installation of the system in the monitoring area. In this scheme, the setting position of the first limiting wheel group is intended to achieve: by constraining the end position of the main pull rope, reducing the deflection of the auxiliary pull rope on the main pull rope when further pulling the main pull rope, so as to ensure the sensitivity and movement of the movable body, the second limiting wheel group is used to constrain the extension direction of the rope segment at one end of the auxiliary pull rope connected to the main pull rope, so as to control the pulling direction of the auxiliary pull rope on the main pull rope, avoid side pulling, or the auxiliary pull rope cannot effectively pull the main pull rope due to mutual influence, the bundle is that these rope segments are located on the same side of the second connecting seat, these rope segments can be parallel to each other, or the angle between these rope segments can be less than the set angle, such as 10°; the setting position of the turntable is the auxiliary pull rope used to support the front section of the rope segment, so that the auxiliary pull rope does not contact the installation platform when it is led out to the outer edge of the installation platform.

[0029] In a specific embodiment, each movable pile is provided with a tensioning device for achieving tensioning of the secondary pull rope; The tensioning device comprises a seat body, a first pressing assembly arranged at one end of the seat body, and a second pressing assembly arranged at the other end of the seat body; The seat body is provided with a rope hole extending from one end to the other end thereof, and the auxiliary pull rope passes through the rope hole; It also includes a lead-out groove arranged between the two ends of the seat body, the lead-out groove intersects with the rope hole, and the auxiliary pull rope can be pulled out to the outside of the seat body through the lead-out groove; The first clamping assembly and the second clamping assembly both include a clamping plate and a clamping bolt, wherein the clamping plate is arranged in the rope hole, and the clamping bolt is threadedly connected to the seat body, and the clamping bolt and the clamping plate are configured such that when the clamping plate is stacked on the auxiliary pull rope, the auxiliary pull rope is locked in the rope hole through the pressure provided by the clamping bolt to the clamping plate.

[0030] In the above scheme, a tensioning device with a simple structure is provided, and the tensioning device is used to adjust the tensioning force on the auxiliary pull rope. When in use, the tensioning device is used as follows: the auxiliary pull rope passes through the rope hole, the pressure plate is attached to the side of the auxiliary pull rope, and the auxiliary pull rope has a rope segment that is led out from the lead-out groove. For example, the second clamping component is closer to the end of the auxiliary pull rope. When the auxiliary pull rope needs to be tensioned, the second clamping component is used to lock the end of the auxiliary pull rope, and the first clamping component is kept in a state of releasing the auxiliary pull rope, and then the seat body is used as a support platform, and a tool such as a crowbar is used to lift the rope led out from the lead-out groove. If the auxiliary rope can be pre-tightened by tilting it once, the auxiliary rope is locked by the first clamping assembly after pre-tightening. If the auxiliary rope cannot be pre-tightened to the required tension by tilting it once, after locking the auxiliary rope with the first clamping assembly, release the constraint of the auxiliary rope by the second clamping assembly, pull the end of the auxiliary rope to shorten the length of the rope segment led out of the lead-out groove, lock the auxiliary rope with the second clamping assembly, and then release the lock of the auxiliary rope by the first clamping assembly, and then use a tool such as a crowbar to tilt the rope segment at the lead-out groove position to tension the auxiliary rope. After performing the above actions several times, the required tension state of the auxiliary rope is obtained. Preferably, a groove intersecting with the lead-out groove is set on the seat body, so that the tool can be introduced through the groove, and a tool such as a crowbar can be conveniently embedded between the seat body and the rope segment.

[0031] In a specific embodiment, the fixed pile and the movable pile both include a rod body, a pressure cap, and an expansion tube; The rod body is provided with a boss, and the expansion tube is a tubular structure with a plurality of vertically extending strip holes on the side wall. The expansion tube is sleeved on the rod body and the lower end is supported on the boss; It also includes a connecting thread arranged on the side wall of the rod body, and the pressure cap is connected to the rod body through the connecting thread. The position and length of the connecting thread on the rod body meet the following requirements: by adjusting the meshing position of the pressure cap on the connecting thread, the lower end of the pressure cap can provide pressure to the upper end of the expansion tube, and under this pressure, the expansion tube is forced to shorten and expand and deform.

[0032] The above scheme provides a specific implementation form of fixed piles and movable piles. Specifically, the lower end of the rod body is set as a pointed tip, and the boss is set as a cone structure with a small bottom and a large top, so as to facilitate the rod body to be embedded in the prefabricated hole on the ground (mostly set as a grouting hole as needed). After the rod body is embedded in the prefabricated hole, the upper end of the expansion tube is squeezed by rotating the pressure cap. Since the lower end of the expansion tube is supported by the boss, the expansion tube is shortened axially and expanded radially during the squeezing process. When the expansion is sufficient to squeeze the side surface and the prefabricated hole, the rod body is reliably fixed in the prefabricated hole. The fixed pile and movable pile implementation scheme provided above has a simple structure. At the same time, in order to achieve stable fixation on the ground, it is simple to operate and has the characteristics of high fixing efficiency compared to grouting fixation. Preferably, the expansion tube is made of an elastic material, such as spring steel, to achieve the following: after expansion and deformation under the action of the pressure cap and the boss, the rod body is maintained in a stable and fixed state on the ground by the elastic restoring force; after the constraint of the pressure cap on the upper end of the expansion tube is removed, the constraint of the prefabricated hole on the expansion tube disappears through the elastic rebound of the expansion tube, so that the fixed piles and movable piles can be easily pulled out of the prefabricated holes.

[0033] The present solution also relates to a geological disaster monitoring method, which adopts the geological disaster monitoring system as described in any one of the above items to perform landslide monitoring on multiple landslide monitoring points; The geological disaster monitoring system is configured as follows: each landslide monitoring point is equipped with a movable pile, each landslide monitoring point is equipped with a movable pile, each movable pile is connected to the main pull rope through an auxiliary pull rope, and the landslide extensometer is configured on the fixed pile; Each secondary pull rope has a set tension force, and under the tension force, the tension spring undergoes elastic deformation, and the deformation amount of the elastic deformation is greater than the set amount; The motion parameter of the movable body is monitored, and when the motion parameter is greater than a set threshold parameter, it is determined that a landslide occurs at a landslide monitoring point.

[0034] The above monitoring method is a landslide monitoring method that realizes multi-point monitoring based on the geological disaster monitoring system. It should be noted that after the installation of the system is completed, the deformation amount of the tensile elastic deformation produced by the tension spring is greater than the set amount, aiming to achieve: the deformation amount determines the pull-out distance of the main pull rope on the landslide telescope, and the pull-out distance of the main pull rope determines the current pulling state of the movable body. Therefore, the set amount is used to ensure that the movable body is pulled by the main pull rope to be elastically constrained by the elastic tape or the volute spring, which is prepared for sensitive and high-precision monitoring of landslide geological disasters. The motion parameters can be the speed, acceleration and motion amount of the movable body within the set time range. This technology is a prior art and the applicant will not describe it here.

[0035] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: When the present solution is used to monitor multiple landslide monitoring points at multiple landslide monitoring points, by configuring a tension spring between the landslide extensometer body and the main pull rope, not only can the tension of the auxiliary pull rope connected to each movable pile in the geological disaster monitoring system be guaranteed, so that the sliding of the sliding body at each landslide monitoring point can be effectively monitored, but also, after the tension on the main pull rope is shared by the tension spring and the tension on the movable body is reduced, even if more movable piles are connected to the main pull rope to achieve multi-point monitoring of landslides, it can be ensured that the movable body has sufficient movable margin to adapt to the traction of the sliding body, so that the sliding characteristics of the sliding body can be effectively monitored and used for landslide geological disaster early warning. The structural characteristics of the present solution can realize a single landslide extensometer covering multiple landslide monitoring points, thereby improving the convenience of the landslide extensometer in the application of multi-point monitoring of landslides. At the same time, the end connection method of the tension spring adopted above is convenient for flexible configuration of the anchoring strength of the movable piles and the landslide monitoring points, which is beneficial to controlling the difficulty and cost of setting the movable piles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a specific embodiment of the geological disaster monitoring system described in this solution; Figure 2 for Figure 1 , a top view of the fixed pile part; Figure 3 for Figure 1 , the main view of the movable pile part; Figure 4 for Figure 3 , a cross-sectional view of the tensioning device.

[0037] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are respectively: 1, fixed pile, 2, landslide telescopic instrument body, 3, elastic component, 31, tension spring, 32, first connecting seat, 33, baffle, 4, main pull rope, 41, first limiting wheel group, 42, second connecting seat, 5, reversing wheel assembly, 6, auxiliary pull rope, 61, second limiting wheel group, 62, turntable, 63, support wheel, 7, movable pile, 71, rod body, 72, pressure cap, 73, expansion tube, 74, boss, 75, tip, 8, tensioning device, 81, first clamping assembly, 82, seat body, 83, second clamping assembly, 84, rope hole, 85, lead-out groove, 9, installation platform. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments: Embodiment 1:

[0039] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the landslide telescope comprises a landslide telescope body 2, wherein a movable body for sensing landslide displacement is arranged in the landslide telescope body 2, wherein a main pull rope 4 for pulling the movable body to move is connected to the movable body, wherein the main pull rope 4 extends to the outside of the landslide telescope body 2, and further comprises a first connecting seat 32 and a plurality of tension springs 31, wherein the first connecting seat 32 is fixed to the main pull rope 4 outside the landslide telescope body 2, wherein the tension springs 31 are all connected to the outer shell of the landslide telescope body 2 at one end and to the first connecting seat 32 at the other end; The connection position of the first connection seat 32 on the main pull rope 4 satisfies: when the main pull rope 4 pulls the movable body to move, the tension spring 31 undergoes tension elastic deformation; The tension spring 31 is detachable relative to the landslide extensometer body 2 or relative to the first connecting seat 32 .

[0040] In the prior art, the movable body is a part of the landslide extensometer that moves with the landslide sliding body under the traction of the landslide sliding body, and is usually a movable mechanical structure. The method for the landslide extensometer to obtain a landslide signal includes: the landslide extensometer is installed between a fixed pile 1 and a movable pile 7, a pull rope such as a steel wire is arranged between the fixed pile 1 and the movable pile 7, and the pull rope is pulled on the movable body. When a landslide occurs, the movable pile 7 installed on the landslide sliding body slides with the landslide sliding body, and the position of the movable pile 7 changes relative to the fixed pile 1 fixed on the stable stratum. At this time, the pull rope pulls the movable body, and the movement amount and state of the movable body are monitored by the sensor to judge the landslide displacement, speed, acceleration, etc. of the landslide sliding body. In the prior art, the accuracy of using sensors to monitor the movement amount of the movable body can reach the millimeter level, and automatic data collection and transmission can be realized at the same time. When the displacement amount or displacement rate exceeds a preset threshold, the system automatically triggers an early warning. Therefore, the use of the landslide extensometer can effectively buy time for personnel evacuation.

[0041] In order to ensure that the above-mentioned pull rope can remain in a tensioned state during the landslide monitoring process, for the use of the pull rope across the ground cracks, a specific implementation method of the movable body is: the movable body includes a drum, and the drum is installed in the housing of the landslide extensometer through an elastic force storage element such as a vortex spring, and one end of the pull rope is wound on the drum. The movable body that has completed the tensioning provides tension for the pull rope under the restoring force of the elastic force storage element, and the vortex spring maintains the tension on the pull rope through the elastic restoring force generated by its deformation, or an elastic tape measure (steel roll) is installed on the drum, and the elastic tape measure serves as the pull rope or a component of the pull rope. After the movable body completes the tensioning, a part of the elastic tape measure is pulled out, and the force is stored by the elastic tape measure, and the tension on the pull rope is maintained by the elastic restoring force of the elastic tape measure.

[0042] In specific applications, when there are multiple ground cracks in a certain area, if a landslide extensometer is needed and multiple landslide monitoring points in the area are all subjected to landslide monitoring, multiple sets of landslide extensometers are needed in the prior art, that is, each landslide monitoring point is equipped with at least one set of geological disaster monitoring system including a landslide extensometer, fixed piles 1, movable piles 7, and pull ropes (for remote transmission of signals, an edge physical proxy device can be used to collect, calculate and remotely transmit multi-channel signals from each landslide extensometer). However, such a setting method not only increases the system cost and complexity, but also, under certain geological conditions, there is the problem of inconvenience in setting multiple fixed piles 1.

[0043] Based on the above-mentioned usage characteristics of the landslide extensometer in the prior art in multiple landslide monitoring points, the above-mentioned landslide extensometer technical scheme is provided. The design background and core concept of this scheme are: whether it is to use elastic force storage elements such as vortex springs to constrain the movable body of the drum, or to use an elastic tape measure to pull the movable body of the drum to rotate, the vortex spring / elastic tape measure is built-in and installed in the landslide extensometer. For non-custom-made landslide extensometer individuals, the elastic properties of the vortex spring / elastic tape measure are certain. For example, when the landslide extensometer is fixed on a fixed pile 1, when multiple movable piles 7 are connected to the pull rope or the elastic tape measure according to monitoring needs, because the number of movable piles 7 used needs to be confirmed according to the current monitoring requirements, and it is necessary to maintain a set tension on the pull rope connected to each movable pile 7, the combined force of these tension forces may cause the vortex spring / elastic tape measure to deform to exceed the elastic limit. For example, when the landslide extensometer is fixed on a fixed pile 1, when multiple movable piles 7 are connected to the pull rope or the elastic tape measure according to monitoring needs, because the number of movable piles 7 used needs to be confirmed according to the current monitoring requirements, and it is necessary to maintain a set tension on the pull rope connected to each movable pile 7, the combined force of these tension forces may cause the vortex spring / elastic tape measure to deform to exceed the elastic limit. After the system rope is tensioned, if the drum reaches its rotation limit (the scroll spring reaches its elastic deformation limit and the elastic tape is fully pulled out), then when a landslide occurs, the movable pile 7 cannot further pull the drum to move, so the sensor monitoring the rotation of the drum, or the sensor monitoring the pulling movement of the rope and the elastic tape cannot detect the landslide signal, resulting in system failure; similarly, after the system rope is tensioned, under the above combined force, when the deformation of the scroll spring / elastic tape causes the state of the lower drum to approach its movable limit, when a landslide occurs, such as under the pull of the sliding body, the sensor's movement monitoring result of the movable body / rope / elastic tape has not reached the set threshold for triggering a landslide warning, the drum has reached its rotation limit and cannot be further rotated under the pull of the sliding body to obtain an effective monitoring signal, and there is also a problem that the landslide signal cannot be accurately obtained, resulting in system failure. The structural design of the present invention is different from the prior art in that a first connecting seat 32 is arranged on the main pull rope 4, and a tension spring 31 is tensioned between the first connecting seat 32 and the outer shell of the landslide extensometer body 2, and the tension spring 31 is arranged so that when the main pull rope 4 pulls the movable body to move, the tension spring 31 is stretched and elastically deformed. When the landslide extensometer is used to realize landslide monitoring of multiple landslide monitoring points, the landslide extensometer is fixed on the fixed pile 1, and the movable pile 7 installed on each landslide monitoring point is connected to the main pull rope 4 through the auxiliary pull rope 6. The tension of the auxiliary pull rope 6 on the multiple movable piles 7 at the front end of the main pull rope 4 on the main pull rope 4 is partially borne by the tension spring 31, thereby reducing the pulling force of the main pull rope 4 on the movable body. When the volute spring and the elastic tape are subjected to a smaller force to balance the pulling force, the movable body has sufficient movable margin to adapt to the pulling of the sliding body, so that the sliding characteristics of the sliding body can be effectively monitored and used for landslide disaster warning.The tension spring 31 is detachable relative to the landslide extensometer body 2 or the first connecting seat 32, so that the user can configure a suitable number of tension springs 31 or tension springs 31 with a suitable elastic coefficient according to the need to tension the auxiliary pull rope 6 on each movable pile 7 when using the landslide extensometer, so as to avoid the situation where the elastic component 3 formed by the tension spring 31 has too much resistance to the main pull rope 4 being further pulled out, which requires further improving the anchoring strength of the movable pile 7 at the landslide monitoring point, thereby increasing the difficulty and cost of setting the movable pile 7.

[0044] In summary, when the present solution is used for multi-point landslide monitoring at multiple landslide monitoring points, by configuring a tension spring 31 between the landslide telescope body 2 and the main pull rope 4, not only can the tension of the auxiliary pull rope 6 connected to each movable pile 7 in the geological disaster monitoring system be ensured, so that the sliding of the sliding body at each landslide monitoring point can be effectively monitored, but also, after the tension of the main pull rope 4 is shared by the tension spring 31 and the tension of the main pull rope 4 on the movable body is reduced, even if more movable piles 7 are connected to the main pull rope 4 to realize multi-point landslide monitoring, the tension of the auxiliary pull rope 6 connected to each movable pile 7 in the geological disaster monitoring system can be effectively monitored. Monitoring can also ensure that the movable body has sufficient movable margin to adapt to the traction of the sliding body, so that the sliding characteristics of the sliding body can be effectively monitored and used for landslide disaster warning. The structural characteristics of this solution can realize a single landslide extensometer covering multiple landslide monitoring points, thereby improving the convenience of the landslide extensometer in multi-point landslide monitoring. At the same time, the end connection method of the tension spring 31 adopted above is convenient for flexible configuration of the anchoring strength of the movable pile 7 and the landslide monitoring point, which is beneficial to controlling the difficulty of setting the movable pile 7 and cost control.

[0045] The main pull rope 4 can be an elastic tape measure as described above. The method of use provided in this solution is only used to explain the principle of this solution. As a person skilled in the art, it can also be used to achieve landslide monitoring through the movement of the movable body when the main pull rope 4 is retracted.

[0046] In a specific application embodiment, the shell of the landslide extensometer body 2 is fixed on the top surface of the mounting platform 9 on the top of the fixed pile 1, and the elastic component 3 and the reversing wheel assembly 5 are arranged in sequence from back to front along the leading direction of the main pull rope 4. The elastic component 3 includes a first connecting seat 32 and a plurality of tension springs 31, which are used to distribute part of the tension on the main pull rope 4 to the shell of the landslide extensometer body 2. The reversing wheel assembly 5 (including a plurality of second limiting wheel groups 61 provided as follows) is used to constrain the extension direction of each auxiliary pull rope 6. direction, so as to avoid the mutual pulling between the auxiliary ropes 6, resulting in the situation that the relevant pulling force of the auxiliary rope 6 is offset by other auxiliary ropes 6 under the pulling of the movable pile 7, and the main rope 4 cannot be pulled. At the same time, the reversing wheel assembly 5 is used to control the direction of the pulling force of the auxiliary rope 6 on the main rope 4, so that when any auxiliary rope 6 pulls the main rope 4, the main rope 4 pulls the movable body in a posture of being pulled out of the landslide extensometer body 2 as straight as possible, avoiding the situation where the auxiliary rope 6 pulls the main rope 4 laterally, causing the movable body's movement sensitivity and movement amplitude to decrease.

[0047] Embodiment 2:

[0048] This embodiment is further described on the basis of embodiment 1: The end surface of the shell and the first connecting seat 32 are both provided with a plurality of slots. The end surface of the shell is the end surface of the landslide extensometer body 2 from which the end of the main pull rope 4 is led out. The end of the tension spring 31 is connected to the end surface of the shell and the first connecting seat 32 through the slots.

[0049] The above provides a connection structure on the end surface of the shell and on the first connecting seat 32 for connecting the tension spring 31, aiming to provide a technical solution for convenient installation and disassembly of the tension spring 31 on the end surface of the shell and on the first connecting seat 32. Specifically, the tension spring 31 can adopt a coil spring. When the tension spring 31 is a conventional coil spring structure, an avoidance hole is provided on the groove wall of the slot, and the end of the coil spring is embedded and engaged in the slot, and the coil spring extends to the outside of the slot through the avoidance hole; the tension spring 31 can also be configured to be relative to a conventional coil spring, and hook structures are provided at both ends of the coil structure, and the hook structure is embedded and engaged in the slot. During specific use, according to the number of tension springs 31 required, an appropriate number of slots are selected from these slots for installing the tension springs 31. The slots on both the shell end face and the first connecting seat 32 are preferably set as follows: for the main pull rope 4 extending straight outside the landslide telemeter body 2, the slots on each are set to be symmetrical relative to the main pull rope 4, and when the tension spring 31 is installed, the tension spring 31 is also installed symmetrically relative to the main pull rope 4. In this way, when a landslide occurs at the landslide monitoring point and the auxiliary pull rope 6 further tensions the main pull rope 4, not only can the force on each tension spring 31 be balanced, but also the lateral deformation of the main pull rope 4 can be reduced, thereby ensuring the sensitivity of the main pull rope 4 in pulling the movable body and the movement amplitude of the movable body during landslide.

[0050] Embodiment 3:

[0051] This embodiment is further described on the basis of embodiment 1: It also includes a mounting platform 9 and a baffle 33. The landslide extensometer body 2 and the baffle 33 are both fixed on the mounting platform 9. The baffle 33 is located on the extension path of the main pull rope 4. The baffle plate 33 is provided with a through hole or a groove, and the main pull rope 4 passes through the baffle plate 33 through the through hole or the groove; The relative position of the landslide telescope body 2 and the baffle 33 satisfies that: the first connecting seat 32 is located in the space between the landslide telescope body 2 and the baffle 33, and when the main pull rope 4 is pulled out relative to the landslide telescope body 2, the baffle 33 blocks the first connecting seat 32 to limit the maximum displacement of the main pull rope 4 being pulled out relative to the landslide telescope body 2.

[0052] The above provides a technical solution of using the baffle 33 to constrain the maximum extension length of the tension spring 31. After the first connecting seat 32 contacts the baffle 33, the main pull rope 4 reaches the maximum pull-out length relative to the landslide extensometer body 2. At this time, when the movable pile 7 further pulls the main pull rope 4 through the auxiliary pull rope 6, the tension on the main pull rope 4 is transmitted to the installation platform 9 through the baffle 33, that is, at this time, the movable body no longer moves further, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the landslide extensometer. At the same time, the fixed pile 1 and the movable pile 7 directly transmit tension through the main pull rope 4 and the auxiliary pull rope 6. For example, the fixed pile 1 in the monitoring system is anchored to have a stronger anchoring strength than the movable pile 7. In the process of further landslide of the sliding body, the fixed pile 1 is used to pull the movable pile 7 to separate the movable pile 7 from the sliding body. At this time, the vortex spring can be used to drive the drum to rotate, the elastic tape can be used to drive the drum to rotate, and the tension spring 31 can be used to pull the main pull rope 4 back, so that the movable body of the landslide extensometer returns to a state where the landslide can be further monitored. In summary, when the present solution is used to realize multi-point monitoring of landslides, when a landslide occurs at a local monitoring point and before the movable pile 7 is separated from the sliding body, the baffle 33 can prevent the movable body on the landslide extensometer from losing its landslide monitoring capability or being damaged due to excessive pulling. After the movable pile 7 is separated from the sliding body, depending on the pulling force of the movable pile 7 separated from the sliding body on the main pull rope 4 at this time, under non-human interference, the monitoring system has a chance to recover and can continue to monitor the landslide conditions of other landslide monitoring points.

[0053] As a person skilled in the art, when using the movement of a movable body within a set time to monitor a landslide, the relative positions of the first connecting seat 32 and the baffle 33 need to be configured as follows: before the first connecting seat 32 contacts the baffle 33, the pulling amount of the main pull rope 4 must be sufficient to pull the movable body to move to the amount of movement that triggers a landslide warning.

[0054] Embodiment 4:

[0055] This embodiment is further described on the basis of embodiment 1: The first connecting seat 32 includes a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate, the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate overlap to form a clamping space for clamping the main pull rope 4, and the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are locked to each other and clamped on the main pull rope 4 through connecting bolts.

[0056] The above scheme provides a technical solution for conveniently selecting the connection position of the first connecting seat 32 on the main pull rope 4, specifically: the first clamp plate and the second clamp plate form a clamp structure, when the first clamp plate and the second clamp plate are locked by the connecting bolt, the first connecting seat 32 is fixed to the main pull rope 4 through the clamping space, so the user can fix the first connecting seat 32 at any position of the main pull rope 4 after loosening the connecting bolt. In this way, when fixing the tension spring 31 on the main pull rope 4, the main pull rope 4 can be pulled to give an elastic constraint force to the movable body, and then the state of the main pull rope 4 is maintained, and the tension spring 31 is pulled along the extension direction of the main pull rope 4 through the first connecting seat 32, so that the tension spring 31 undergoes or is about to undergo elastic deformation, and then the first connecting seat 32 and the main pull rope 4 are fixed. In this way, the first connecting seat 32 can be conveniently and effectively configured on the main pull rope 4. On the other hand, under different monitoring applications, for different movable body movement amounts that may trigger landslide warning, the position of the baffle 33 on the mounting platform 9 can be configured to be adjustable. For example, a strip groove along the pulling direction of the main pull rope 4 is configured on the mounting platform 9, and the baffle 33 is fixed on the mounting platform 9 by using the strip groove. The position of the baffle 33 in the strip groove is adjustable. In specific implementation, it is set that the first card plate and the second card plate both include a card plate, an ear plate and an end plate. The card plate is an arc-shaped plate used to enclose the clamping space. The ear plate is fixed to the side of the card plate, used to carry the connecting bolt and the contact member that the first connecting seat 32 contacts the baffle 33. The end plate is fixed to the rear end surface of the card plate or the ear plate, used to carry the card groove.

[0057] Embodiment 5:

[0058] Based on Example 1, this embodiment provides a geological disaster monitoring system, including a fixed pile 1, a landslide extensometer and a movable pile 7, wherein the landslide extensometer is the landslide extensometer in Example 1; There are multiple movable piles 7, each of which is equipped with an auxiliary pull rope 6, wherein one end of the auxiliary pull rope 6 is connected to the movable pile 7, and the other end is connected to the main pull rope 4 through the second connecting seat 42; It also includes at least one second limiting wheel set 61, which serves as a reversing wheel for the auxiliary pull rope 6 and is used to provide constraints on the side of the auxiliary pull rope 6 to achieve reversal of the extension direction of the auxiliary pull rope 6.

[0059] The above scheme is a specific application of the landslide extensometer, which is used to form a geological disaster monitoring system with multi-point monitoring capabilities. When in use, the fixed pile 1 is fixed on a stable ground, the movable pile 7 is fixed on the landslide monitoring point of the sliding body, and the landslide extensometer is pulled between the fixed pile 1 and the movable pile 7 through the main pull rope 4 and the auxiliary pull rope 6. For the application of having multiple movable piles 7 to realize multi-point landslide monitoring, this scheme is set to also include at least one second limiting wheel group 61, and the second limiting wheel group 61 is used to form a reversing wheel assembly 5. The above second limiting wheel group 61 is used to constrain all or part of the auxiliary pull ropes 6, so that the rope segments of these auxiliary pull ropes 6 used to connect one end of the main pull rope 4 are constrained to form a bundle structure. In this way, not only can the direction in which each auxiliary pull rope 6 provides tension to the main pull rope 4 be controlled to be as close as possible to the extension direction of the end of the main pull rope 4, but also the situation in which the auxiliary pull ropes 6 cannot effectively act on the main pull rope 4 due to the mutual pulling between the auxiliary pull ropes 6 can be avoided.

[0060] Embodiment 6:

[0061] This embodiment is further described on the basis of Embodiment 5: It also includes at least one supporting assembly, the supporting assembly includes a supporting wheel 63 and a turntable 62, the supporting wheel 63 is mounted on the turntable 62, the supporting wheel 63 includes a wheel frame and a wheel body rotatably mounted on the wheel frame via a first rotating shaft, the wheel frame is rotatably mounted on the turntable 62 via a second rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are perpendicular to each other, and the second rotating shaft is located directly below the wheel body; The wheel body serves as a lifting wheel on the bottom side of the auxiliary pull rope 6 , and is used to provide support for the bottom side of the auxiliary pull rope 6 to achieve lifting of the auxiliary pull rope 6 .

[0062] In the above scheme, the support assembly is used as follows: installed on a mounting platform 9, such as to enable the wheel body to not only rotate around its own wheel axle (first rotating axis), but also to rotate around the second wheel axle synchronously with the wheel frame. In this way, for example, if the landslide extensometer is fixed on a mounting platform 9 of a fixed pile 1, the mounting height of the landslide extensometer is higher than the connection point between the auxiliary pull rope 6 and the movable pile 7. The support assembly is installed on the mounting platform 9, and the high-position support provided by the wheel body for the auxiliary pull rope 6 is utilized to prevent the auxiliary pull rope 6 from scratching the mounting platform 9 during movement. At the same time, the force exerted by the auxiliary pull rope 6 on the wheel body is utilized to force the wheel frame to rotate around the second wheel axle, so as to realize automatic adjustment of the wheel body orientation, so that the auxiliary pull rope 6 at the wheel body position is an arched structure with upper and lower bends without lateral deformation, so as to ensure the reliability of the wheel body supporting the auxiliary pull rope 6. In specific applications, the wheel structure on the wheel body, the first limiting wheel group 41, and the second limiting wheel group 61 are all set to a wheel structure with a diameter linearly changing from one end to the other end and the smallest diameter position located in the center. In this way, the grooves on the wheel structure are used to constrain the positions of the main pull rope 4 and the auxiliary pull rope 6 in the length direction of the wheel structure to ensure the reliability of the main pull rope 4, the auxiliary pull rope 6 and the wheel structure.

[0063] Embodiment 7:

[0064] This embodiment is further described on the basis of Embodiment 6: It also includes a mounting platform 9 and a first limiting wheel set 41, and the landslide extensometer body 2, the first limiting wheel set 41, the second limiting wheel set 61, and the turntable 62 are all mounted on the mounting platform 9; The relative positions of the first limiting wheel set 41 and the landslide telescopic instrument body 2 are configured as follows: the first limiting wheel set 41 is located at the main pull rope 4 lead-out side of the landslide telescopic instrument body 2, the first limiting wheel set 41 has two rollers that are both vertically arranged, the main pull rope 4 passes through the gap between the two rollers, the first limiting wheel set 41 is located at one end of the main pull rope 4 close to the second connecting seat 42, and the tension spring 31 and the first connecting seat 32 are both located in the space between the first limiting wheel set 41 and the landslide telescopic instrument body 2; When two or more auxiliary pull ropes 6 are connected to the main pull rope 4, the position of the second limiting wheel set 61 on the mounting platform 9 is configured as follows: the second limiting wheel set 61 constrains the extension direction of the end rope segment of the auxiliary pull rope 6, and the end rope segment is constrained into a bundle shape. The end rope segment is the rope segment at one end of the auxiliary pull rope 6 used to connect to the main pull rope 4; The position of the turntable 62 on the installation platform 9 is configured to support the auxiliary pull rope 6 between the movable pile 7 and the second limiting wheel set 61 .

[0065] The above solution provides an integrated technical solution, that is, using the installation platform 9 to integrate multiple parts of the system into an integrated structure to facilitate the installation of the system in the monitoring area. In the present scheme, the setting position of the first limiting wheel group 41 is intended to achieve: by constraining the end position of the main pull rope 4, the deflection of the auxiliary pull rope 6 on the main pull rope 4 when the main pull rope 4 is further pulled is reduced to ensure the sensitivity and movement of the movable body; the second limiting wheel group 61 is used to constrain the extension direction of the rope segment of the auxiliary pull rope 6 at one end connected to the main pull rope 4 to control the pulling direction of the auxiliary pull rope 6 on the main pull rope 4 to avoid side pulling or the auxiliary pull rope 6 being unable to effectively pull the main pull rope 4 due to mutual influence; the bundle shape means that these rope segments are located on the same side of the second connecting seat 42, and these rope segments can be parallel to each other, or the angle between these rope segments can be less than the set angle, such as 10°; the setting position of the turntable 62 is the auxiliary pull rope 6 used to support the front section of the rope segment, so that the auxiliary pull rope 6 does not contact the installation platform 9 when it is led out to the outer edge of the installation platform 9.

[0066] Embodiment 8:

[0067] This embodiment is further described on the basis of Embodiment 5: Each movable pile 7 is provided with a tensioning device 8 for tensioning the auxiliary pull rope 6; The tensioning device 8 includes a seat body 82, a first pressing assembly 81 disposed at one end of the seat body 82, and a second pressing assembly 83 disposed at the other end of the seat body 82; The seat body 82 is provided with a rope hole 84 extending from one end to the other end thereof, and the auxiliary pull rope 6 passes through the rope hole 84; It also includes a lead-out groove 85 disposed between the two ends of the seat body 82, wherein the lead-out groove 85 intersects with the rope hole 84, and the auxiliary pull rope 6 can be pulled out to the outside of the seat body 82 through the lead-out groove 85; The first clamping assembly 81 and the second clamping assembly 83 both include a pressure plate and a clamping bolt, wherein the pressure plate is disposed in the rope hole 84, and the clamping bolt is threadedly connected to the seat body 82, and the clamping bolt and the pressure plate are configured such that when the pressure plate is stacked on the auxiliary pull rope 6, the auxiliary pull rope 6 is locked in the rope hole 84 through the pressure provided by the clamping bolt to the pressure plate.

[0068] In the above scheme, a tensioning device 8 with a simple structure is provided, and the tensioning device 8 is used to adjust the tensioning force on the auxiliary pull rope 6. When in use, the tensioning device 8 is used as follows: the auxiliary pull rope 6 passes through the rope hole 84, the pressure plate is attached to the side of the auxiliary pull rope 6, and the auxiliary pull rope 6 has a rope segment that is led out from the lead-out groove 85. For example, the second clamping component 83 is closer to the end of the auxiliary pull rope 6. When the auxiliary pull rope 6 needs to be tensioned, the second clamping component 83 is used to lock the end of the auxiliary pull rope 6, and the first clamping component 81 is kept in a state of releasing the auxiliary pull rope 6, and then the seat body 82 is used as a support platform, and a tool such as a crowbar is used to lift the rope led out from the lead-out groove 85. If the auxiliary rope 6 can be pre-tightened by tilting once, the auxiliary rope 6 is locked by the first clamping assembly 81 after pre-tightening. If the auxiliary rope 6 cannot be pre-tightened to the required tension force by tilting once, after the auxiliary rope 6 is locked by the first clamping assembly 81, the constraint of the auxiliary rope 6 by the second clamping assembly 83 is released, and the auxiliary rope 6 is locked by pulling the end of the auxiliary rope 6 to shorten the length of the rope segment led out of the lead-out groove 85, and then the locking of the auxiliary rope 6 by the first clamping assembly 81 is released, and then the rope segment at the position of the lead-out groove 85 is tilted by a tool such as a crowbar to tension the auxiliary rope 6. After performing the above actions several times, the required tension state of the auxiliary rope 6 is obtained. Preferably, a groove intersecting with the lead-out groove 85 is set on the seat body 82, so that the tool can be introduced through the groove, and the crowbar and other tools can be conveniently embedded between the seat body 82 and the rope segment.

[0069] Embodiment 9:

[0070] This embodiment is further described on the basis of Embodiment 5: The fixed pile 1 and the movable pile 7 both include a rod body 71, a pressure cap 72, and an expansion tube 73; The rod body 71 is provided with a boss 74, and the expansion tube 73 is a tubular structure with a plurality of vertically extending strip holes on the side wall. The expansion tube 73 is sleeved on the rod body 71 and the lower end is supported on the boss 74; It also includes a connecting thread arranged on the side wall of the rod body 71, and the pressure cap 72 is connected to the rod body 71 through the connecting thread. The position and length of the connecting thread on the rod body 71 meet the following requirements: the engagement position of the pressure cap 72 on the connecting thread can be adjusted so that the lower end of the pressure cap 72 provides pressure to the upper end of the expansion tube 73, and under this pressure, the expansion tube 73 is forced to shorten and expand and deform.

[0071] The above scheme provides a specific implementation form of fixed pile 1 and movable pile 7. Specifically, the lower end of the rod body 71 is set as a tip 75, and the boss 74 is set as a cone structure with a small bottom and a large top, so as to facilitate the rod body 71 to be embedded in the prefabricated hole on the ground (mostly set as a grouting hole as needed). After the rod body 71 is embedded in the prefabricated hole, the upper end of the expansion tube 73 is squeezed by rotating the pressure cap 72. Since the lower end of the expansion tube 73 is supported by the boss 74, the expansion tube 73 is axially shortened and radially expanded during the squeezing process. When the expansion is sufficient to squeeze the side surface and the prefabricated hole, the rod body 71 is reliably fixed in the prefabricated hole. The above-provided fixed pile 1 and movable pile 7 implementation schemes have a simple structure. At the same time, in order to achieve stable fixation on the ground, it is simple to operate and has the characteristics of high fixing efficiency compared to grouting fixation. Preferably, the expansion tube 73 is made of an elastic material, such as spring steel, so as to achieve the following: after expansion and deformation under the action of the pressure cap 72 and the boss 74, the rod body 71 is maintained in a stably fixed state on the ground by the elastic restoring force; after the upper end constraint of the expansion tube 73 by the pressure cap 72 is removed, the constraint of the prefabricated hole on the expansion tube 73 disappears due to the elastic rebound of the expansion tube 73, so that the fixed pile 1 and the movable pile 7 can be easily pulled out of the prefabricated hole.

[0072] Embodiment 10: This embodiment provides a method for monitoring landslides based on the fifth embodiment. The method adopts the landslide monitoring system in the fifth embodiment to monitor landslides at multiple landslide monitoring points. The geological disaster monitoring system is configured as follows: each landslide monitoring point is equipped with a movable pile 7, each landslide monitoring point is equipped with a movable pile 7, each movable pile 7 is connected to the main pull rope 4 through an auxiliary pull rope 6, and the landslide expansion meter is configured on the fixed pile 1; Each auxiliary pull rope 6 has a set tension force, and under the tension force, the tension spring 31 undergoes elastic deformation, and the deformation amount of the elastic deformation is greater than the set amount; The motion parameter of the movable body is monitored, and when the motion parameter is greater than a set threshold parameter, it is determined that a landslide occurs at a landslide monitoring point.

[0073] The above monitoring method is a landslide monitoring method that realizes multi-point monitoring based on the geological disaster monitoring system. It should be noted that after the installation of the system is completed, the deformation amount of the tensile elastic deformation produced by the tension spring 31 is greater than the set amount, aiming to achieve: the deformation amount determines the pull-out distance of the main pull rope 4 on the landslide telescope, and the pull-out distance of the main pull rope 4 determines the current pulling state of the movable body. Therefore, the set amount is used to ensure that the movable body is pulled by the main pull rope 4 to be elastically constrained by the elastic tape measure or the vortex spring, which is prepared for sensitive and high-precision monitoring of landslide geological disasters. The motion parameters can be the speed, acceleration and motion amount of the movable body within the set time range. This technology is a prior art and the applicant will not describe it in detail here.

[0074] The above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, other embodiments obtained without departing from the technical solution of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A landslide extensometer, comprising a landslide extensometer body (2), wherein a movable body for sensing landslide displacement is arranged in the landslide extensometer body (2), wherein a main pull rope (4) for pulling the movable body to move is connected to the movable body, wherein the main pull rope (4) extends to the outside of the landslide extensometer body (2), wherein: It also includes a first connecting seat (32) and a plurality of tension springs (31), wherein the first connecting seat (32) is fixed to a main pull rope (4) outside the landslide telescopic instrument body (2), and each of the tension springs (31) has one end connected to the outer shell of the landslide telescopic instrument body (2) and the other end connected to the first connecting seat (32); The connection position of the first connection seat (32) on the main pull rope (4) satisfies the following conditions: when the main pull rope (4) pulls the movable body to move, the tension spring (31) undergoes tension elastic deformation; The tension spring (31) is detachable relative to the landslide extensometer body (2) or detachable relative to the first connecting seat (32).

2. The landslide extensometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of slots are provided on the end surface of the shell and the first connecting seat (32); the end surface of the shell is the end surface of the landslide extensometer body (2) from which the end of the main pull rope (4) is led out; and the end of the tension spring (31) is connected to the end surface of the shell and the first connecting seat (32) via the slots.

3. The landslide extensometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a mounting platform (9) and a baffle (33), wherein the landslide extensometer body (2) and the baffle (33) are both fixed on the mounting platform (9), and the baffle (33) is located on the extension path of the main pull rope (4); The baffle plate (33) is provided with a through hole or a groove, and the main pull rope (4) passes through the baffle plate (33) through the through hole or the groove; The relative positions of the landslide telescope body (2) and the baffle (33) satisfy the following conditions: the first connection seat (32) is located in the space between the landslide telescope body (2) and the baffle (33); when the main pull rope (4) is pulled out relative to the landslide telescope body (2), the baffle (33) blocks the first connection seat (32) to limit the maximum displacement of the main pull rope (4) being pulled out relative to the landslide telescope body (2).

4. The landslide extensometer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The first connecting seat (32) comprises a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate, the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate overlap to form a clamping space for clamping the main pull rope (4), and the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are locked to each other and clamped on the main pull rope (4) via connecting bolts.

5. A geological disaster monitoring system, comprising a fixed pile (1), a landslide expansion meter and a movable pile (7), characterized in that: The landslide extensometer is the landslide extensometer according to any one of claims 1 to 4; There are a plurality of movable piles (7), each movable pile (7) is provided with an auxiliary pull rope (6), and the auxiliary pull rope (6) is used to: connect one end to the movable pile (7) and connect the other end to the main pull rope (4) via a second connecting seat (42); It also comprises at least one second limiting wheel set (61), which serves as a reversing wheel for the auxiliary pull rope (6) and is used to provide constraints on the side of the auxiliary pull rope (6) to achieve reversal of the extension direction of the auxiliary pull rope (6).

6. The geological disaster monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The invention also comprises at least one supporting assembly, wherein the supporting assembly comprises a supporting wheel (63) and a turntable (62), wherein the supporting wheel (63) is mounted on the turntable (62), wherein the supporting wheel (63) comprises a wheel frame and a wheel body rotatably mounted on the wheel frame via a first rotating shaft, wherein the wheel frame is rotatably mounted on the turntable (62) via a second rotating shaft, wherein the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are perpendicular to each other, and the second rotating shaft is located directly below the wheel body; The wheel body serves as a lifting wheel on the bottom side of the auxiliary pull rope (6), and is used to provide support for the bottom side of the auxiliary pull rope (6) to achieve lifting of the auxiliary pull rope (6).

7. The geological disaster monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a mounting platform (9) and a first limiting wheel set (41), wherein the landslide extensometer body (2), the first limiting wheel set (41), the second limiting wheel set (61), and the turntable (62) are all mounted on the mounting platform (9); The relative positions of the first limiting wheel group (41) and the landslide telescopic instrument body (2) are configured as follows: the first limiting wheel group (41) is located at the main pull rope (4) lead-out side of the landslide telescopic instrument body (2), the first limiting wheel group (41) has two rollers that are both vertically arranged, the main pull rope (4) passes through the gap between the two rollers, the first limiting wheel group (41) is located at one end of the main pull rope (4) close to the second connecting seat (42), and the tension spring (31) and the first connecting seat (32) are both located in the space between the first limiting wheel group (41) and the landslide telescopic instrument body (2); When two or more auxiliary pull ropes (6) are connected to the main pull rope (4), the position of the second limiting wheel group (61) on the mounting platform (9) is configured such that the extension direction of the end rope segment of the auxiliary pull rope (6) is constrained by the second limiting wheel group (61), the end rope segment is constrained to be in a bundle shape, and the end rope segment is the rope segment at one end of the auxiliary pull rope (6) used for connecting to the main pull rope (4); The position of the turntable (62) on the installation platform (9) is configured to support the auxiliary pull rope (6) between the movable pile (7) and the second limiting wheel set (61).

8. The geological disaster monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each movable pile (7) is provided with a tensioning device (8) for achieving tensioning of the auxiliary pull rope (6); The tensioning device (8) comprises a seat body (82), a first pressing assembly (81) arranged at one end of the seat body (82), and a second pressing assembly (83) arranged at the other end of the seat body (82); The seat body (82) is provided with a rope hole (84) extending from one end thereof to the other end, and the auxiliary pull rope (6) passes through the rope hole (84); It also includes a lead-out groove (85) disposed between two ends of the seat body (82), wherein the lead-out groove (85) intersects with the rope hole (84), and the auxiliary pull rope (6) can be pulled out to the outside of the seat body (82) through the lead-out groove (85); The first clamping assembly (81) and the second clamping assembly (83) both include a clamping plate and a clamping bolt, wherein the clamping plate is disposed in the rope hole (84), and the clamping bolt is threadedly connected to the seat body (82), and the clamping bolt and the clamping plate are configured such that when the clamping plate is stacked on the auxiliary pull rope (6), the auxiliary pull rope (6) is locked in the rope hole (84) by the pressure provided by the clamping bolt to the clamping plate.

9. The geological disaster monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fixed pile (1) and the movable pile (7) both comprise a rod body (71), a pressure cap (72), and an expansion tube (73); The rod body (71) is provided with a boss (74); the expansion tube (73) is a tubular structure with a side wall provided with a plurality of vertically extending strip holes; the expansion tube (73) is sleeved on the rod body (71) and the lower end is supported on the boss (74); It also includes a connecting thread arranged on the side wall of the rod body (71), and the pressure cap (72) is connected to the rod body (71) via the connecting thread. The position and length of the connecting thread on the rod body (71) satisfy that: by adjusting the meshing position of the pressure cap (72) on the connecting thread, the lower end of the pressure cap (72) provides pressure to the upper end of the expansion tube (73), and under this pressure, the expansion tube (73) is forced to shorten and expand and deform.

10. A method for monitoring geological disasters, characterized in that: The method uses the geological disaster monitoring system described in any one of claims 5 to 9 to perform landslide monitoring on multiple landslide monitoring points; The geological disaster monitoring system is configured as follows: a movable pile (7) is configured for each landslide monitoring point, each landslide monitoring point is installed with a movable pile (7), each movable pile (7) is connected to a main pull rope (4) via an auxiliary pull rope (6), and a landslide extensometer is configured on a fixed pile (1); Each auxiliary pull rope (6) has a set tensioning force, and under the tensioning force, the tension spring (31) undergoes elastic deformation, and the deformation amount of the elastic deformation is greater than the set amount; The motion parameter of the movable body is monitored, and when the motion parameter is greater than a set threshold parameter, it is determined that a landslide occurs at a landslide monitoring point.

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