Perforating gun oil pipeline detection sensing assembly based on ultrasonic guided waves and perforating gun

Abstract

The invention discloses a perforating gun oil pipeline detection sensing assembly based on ultrasonic guided waves and a perforating gun, belongs to the technical field of non-destructive detection, and solves the problem that in the prior art, a sensor cannot be integrated on a perforating gun, so that the sensor cannot be integrated on the perforating gun when multi-point detection is carried out in long-distance pipeline detection. In the prior art, effective signal acquisition can be realized only by installing a plurality of sensors at each position of a pipeline and performing a considerable degree of manual intervention, so that the cost and the operation difficulty are increased, and the detection precision is easy to reduce. The ultrasonic transducer comprises sensors and further comprises a circular truncated cone-shaped structure with the diameter of one end being large and the diameter of the other end being small, a plurality of columns of sensors are annularly arrayed on the circular truncated cone-shaped structure, and an elastic structure used for conducting ultrasonic guided wave signals emitted by a transducer and reflected when encountering impurities is arranged at the large end of the circular truncated cone-shaped structure corresponding to each column of sensors. The method is used for oil pipeline detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] A perforating gun oil pipeline detection sensor component and a perforating gun based on ultrasonic guided waves are used for oil pipeline detection and belong to the technical field of non-destructive detection. Background Art

[0002] Pipelines are widely used for long-distance transportation of liquid and gaseous energy due to their high transportation capacity and cost-effectiveness, which is essential for infrastructure construction and economy. However, oil pipelines are susceptible to failure risks due to different operating conditions and unforeseen accidents. Environmental and safety risks that may cause pipeline defects include corrosion, mechanical or structural stress, excavation damage, and illegal theft. Timely identification of pipeline damage and formulation of effective maintenance plans can help long-term safe operation and prevent major accidents.

[0003] In oil production, perforating guns are widely used in production operations. Before perforating operations, the perforating gun needs to be transported to the specified depth by a pump machine, and then the perforating operation is carried out at the specified location. During the pumping process of the perforating gun, if there are bulges, bends and other damages in front of the pipeline, the perforating gun will not be able to reach the specified location as planned. In addition, since the pumped perforating gun has inertia when descending in the pipeline, if the damage to the pipeline in front is not discovered in advance, the perforating gun may not be able to stop pumping in time, causing damage or even destruction of the perforating gun.

[0004] At present, the widely used pipeline defect detection technologies include optical fiber, magnetic flux leakage and eddy current methods. However, optical fiber detection technology has high environmental requirements, requires precise installation and docking, and the manufacturing and installation costs of optical fiber sensors are high. The magnetic flux leakage detection technology mainly detects radial pipeline defects. Due to the presence of a bridge plug at the front end of the perforating gun, it cannot be used to detect pipelines in front of the perforating gun. Eddy current detection technology has depth limitations, its signal penetration ability is limited, and it cannot effectively identify deep defects. Therefore, these methods are mainly suitable for newly built pipelines or pipelines exposed on the ground. They are not suitable for detecting buried pipelines or situations where sensor placement is difficult, such as areas close to brackets or blocked by buildings. In addition, ultrasonic guided wave detection technology is also often used for pipeline defect detection. It has high safety and will not damage the pipeline. In addition, ultrasonic detection technology has a strong ability to identify tiny defects, can be applied to a variety of different pipeline materials, and provide real-time detection data. However, in the currently widely used ultrasonic detection technology, the sensor placement position is relatively fixed. In long-distance pipeline detection, more sensors and a considerable degree of manual intervention are required to achieve effective signal acquisition.

[0005] In summary, the application of ultrasonic detection sensors in pipeline detection has the following technical problems:

[0006] 1. The sensors in the prior art cannot be integrated on the perforating gun, which means that when performing multi-point detection in long-distance pipeline detection, multiple sensors need to be installed at various positions of the pipeline and a considerable degree of manual intervention is required to achieve effective signal collection, which increases the cost and operation difficulty, and is also likely to reduce the detection accuracy;

[0007] 2. The coverage and accuracy of defect location are low. Summary of the invention

[0008] In response to the above-mentioned research problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a perforating gun oil pipeline detection sensor based on ultrasonic guided waves, so as to solve the problem that the sensors in the prior art cannot be integrated on the perforating gun, resulting in the need to install multiple sensors at various positions of the pipeline and a considerable degree of manual intervention to achieve effective signal acquisition when performing multi-point detection in long-distance pipeline detection, which increases costs and operating difficulties and easily leads to a reduction in detection accuracy.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] A perforating gun oil pipeline detection sensor component based on ultrasonic guided waves comprises a sensor, the sensor comprising a shell, a transducer arranged in the shell for converting an electrical signal emitted by a receiving scanning controller into ultrasonic guided waves in the transmitting stage and for converting the reflected ultrasonic guided waves into electrical signals in the receiving stage, a scanning controller for transmitting electrical signals according to a default configuration or impurity type, a signal preprocessing circuit for filtering the electrical signal received by the transducer, and a measurement signal processing system for distinguishing the signal filtered by the preprocessing circuit to obtain the impurity type and feeding it back to a host computer, and further comprising a truncated cone-shaped structure with a large diameter at one end and a small diameter at the other end, the truncated cone-shaped structure having a plurality of rows of sensors in an annular array, and corresponding to each row of sensors, an elastic structure for conducting the ultrasonic guided wave signal emitted by the transducer and reflected back by impurities is arranged on the large end of the truncated cone-shaped structure.

[0011] Furthermore, the transducer is made of piezoelectric ceramic material, and the distance between two adjacent transducers on the truncated cone structure is 1 / 2 wavelength.

[0012] Furthermore, the elastic structure includes a metal spring sheet arranged on the large end of the truncated cone-shaped structure and in contact with the inner wall of the detected pipe, and an elastic reset structure is arranged on the metal spring sheet.

[0013] Furthermore, the metal spring is inclined toward the small end of the truncated cone structure and the angle between the metal spring and the horizontal plane is 5°-20°, and the propagation direction of the ultrasonic guided wave emitted by the metal spring and the transducer is parallel.

[0014] Furthermore, the metal spring is in an arc shape at the end in contact with the inner wall of the detected pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the elastic reset structure includes two fixed connecting members, a spring connected to the two fixed connecting members, and a fixed connecting member connected to the metal spring sheet.

[0016] Furthermore, the metal spring is made of stainless steel or alloy steel.

[0017] A perforating gun includes a gun body, a bridge plug arranged on the gun body, a perforation is arranged on the gun body, a metal spring passes through the perforation, an elastic reset structure is located outside the gun body, and a fixed connector on the opposite end connected to the metal spring is connected to the outer wall of the gun body. The perforating gun oil pipeline detection sensor component based on ultrasonic guided waves is arranged on the gun body, and the small end of the truncated cone structure is located on one side of the bridge plug. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] In the present invention, the sensor is integrated on the perforating gun through the sensing component, and the pipeline can be detected in real time with high coverage during the pumping process. The invention has a simple design, high integration, and can adapt to perforating guns of different models and types, which is specifically embodied as follows:

[0019] First, the present invention can integrate multiple sensors in the perforating gun through the sensor assembly so that the sensors can move with the perforating gun, thereby reducing the use and repeated installation of sensors (in this case, multiple sensors are only arranged in the sensor assembly, which greatly reduces the number of sensors used at different positions of the pipe wall compared with the prior art, and the sensors in the sensor assembly can be reused), and the circular array on the truncated cone structure in the sensor assembly has multiple rows of sensors, and the ultrasonic guided waves of the multiple rows of sensors are used to detect the pipeline, which increases the detection range and accuracy, that is, improves the high coverage and accuracy of the positioning of the circumferential and axial defects of the pipeline, while reducing unnecessary connections, reducing the risk of the system being exposed to interference and damage, and simplifying the operation process;

[0020] Second, in the process of long-distance pipeline detection, the present invention does not need to install sensors at multiple locations on the pipeline, so that operators can perform pipeline detection while performing perforation operations, greatly reducing manual intervention to achieve effective signal collection, and reducing operation time and labor costs;

[0021] 3. The present invention can ensure that the metal spring will not form a gap with the pipe wall through the elastic reset structure, maintain the close contact between the metal spring and the pipe wall, transmit the ultrasonic guided wave emitted by the transducer to the pipe wall, avoid the attenuation caused by direct propagation in the pipe, and improve the efficiency and accuracy of detection;

[0022] Fourth, the present invention sets a sensor component on the perforating gun, and by using the long-distance propagation function of ultrasonic guided waves, the sensor component is moved to a position to achieve real-time detection of pipe wall defects within 20 to 50 meters, and the position of the sensor component can be adjusted according to actual conditions to achieve more accurate detection;

[0023] 5. The present invention limits the metal spring to be located in an arc shape on the side in contact with the inner wall of the pipe, in order to reduce the loss during wave propagation;

[0024] 6. The present invention stipulates that the metal spring is inclined toward the small end of the truncated cone structure and the angle between it and the horizontal plane is 5°-20°, and the metal spring is parallel to the propagation direction of the ultrasonic guided wave emitted by the transducer, thereby reducing the propagation of the ultrasonic guided wave on the metal spring and the loss at the contact point between the metal spring and the pipe wall. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated sensor assembly on the perforating gun of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of each sensor in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the circular array of each row of transducers along the truncated cone structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic guided wave detection process of the present invention;

[0029] In the figure: 1-sensor, 2-truncated cone structure, 3-host computer, 4-elastic structure, 5-transducer, 6-scanning controller, 7-signal preprocessing circuit, 8-measurement signal processing system, 9-metal spring, 10-elastic reset structure, 11-fixed connector, 12-spring, 13-bridge plug, 14-gun body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0031] A perforating gun includes a gun body 14, a bridge plug 13 arranged on the gun body 14, a perforation is arranged on the gun body, an elastic reset structure is located outside the gun body, a fixed connector 11 on the opposite end connected to a metal spring 9 is connected to the gun body, the perforating gun oil pipeline detection sensor component based on ultrasonic guided waves is arranged on the gun body 14, and the small end of the truncated cone structure 2 is located on one side of the bridge plug. The sensor assembly includes a sensor 1, which includes a shell, a transducer 5 arranged in the shell and receiving the electrical signal emitted by the scanning controller in the transmitting stage and converting it into an ultrasonic guided wave, and converting the reflected ultrasonic guided wave into an electrical signal in the receiving stage, a scanning controller 6 that sends an electrical signal according to a default configuration (the default configuration for collecting is the case of the first time sending an electrical signal) or an impurity type, a signal preprocessing circuit 7 that filters the electrical signal received by the transducer, and a measurement signal processing system 8 that distinguishes the signal filtered by the preprocessing circuit to obtain the impurity type and feeds it back to the host computer, and also includes a truncated cone-shaped structure 2 with a large diameter at one end and a small diameter at the other end, a circular array on the truncated cone-shaped structure 2 has multiple columns of sensors 1, and corresponding to each column of sensors 1, an elastic structure 4 for conducting the ultrasonic guided wave signal emitted by the transducer 5 and reflected back by impurities is arranged on the large end of the truncated cone-shaped structure 2.

[0032] The transducer 5 is made of piezoelectric ceramic material, and the distance between two adjacent transducers is 1 / 2 wavelength.

[0033] The elastic structure 4 includes a metal spring 9 arranged on the large end of the truncated cone structure 2 and in contact with the inner wall of the pipeline to be detected, and an elastic reset structure 10 is arranged on the metal spring 9.

[0034] The metal spring piece 9 is inclined toward the small end of the truncated cone structure 2 and the angle between the metal spring piece 9 and the horizontal plane is 5°-20°, and the propagation direction of the ultrasonic guided wave emitted by the metal spring piece 9 and the transducer 5 is parallel.

[0035] The metal spring piece 9 is in an arc shape at the end in contact with the inner wall of the detected pipeline.

[0036] The elastic reset structure 10 includes two fixed connecting members 11 , a spring 12 connected to the two fixed connecting members 11 , and one fixed connecting member 11 is connected to the metal spring sheet 9 .

[0037] The metal spring piece 9 is made of stainless steel or alloy steel.

[0038] like Figure 1As shown, the front end of the gun body of the perforating gun is connected to the bridge plug, and the ultrasonic guided wave-based perforating gun oil pipeline detection sensor assembly (i.e., the sensor assembly) is integrated at the front end of the gun body of the perforating gun, and is connected to the host computer through the rear connecting wires of each sensor in the sensor assembly. The metal shrapnel passes through the gun body of the perforating gun and is connected to the perforating gun through a spring, and one end of the metal shrapnel is connected to the truncated cone structure in the sensor assembly, and the other end is controlled by the spring to be in close contact with the pipe wall, which is used to conduct the ultrasonic guided wave signal emitted by the transducer array and reflected back by impurities.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, ultrasonic guided waves are emitted to the pipe wall through the array sensors on the truncated cone structure, with metal springs as the conducting medium. When the ultrasonic guided waves encounter sand, mud and pipe deformation during the propagation along the pipe wall, they are reflected and the echoes are received by the sensors. After the signals are filtered and pre-processed inside the sensors, the relevant parameters of the echoes are analyzed to determine the impurity type and distance, and the information is fed back to the host computer to realize the precise control of the perforating device.

[0040] The transducer (that is, the ultrasonic guided wave transducer) is the core component of the sensor assembly, which can convert electrical signals into ultrasonic guided wave signals and transmit them. In order to cope with the complex wellbore environment, the sensor assembly is composed of sensors along a truncated cone structure array. Under the control of the scanning controller, it can perform all-round detection of the wellbore in the circumferential and axial directions.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, multiple independent transducers are evenly distributed around the circumference of the truncated cone structure. The setting of the unit spacing needs to take into account the influence of the grating lobe effect, which is generally controlled at about half the wavelength to avoid artifacts. Each transducer is made of piezoelectric ceramic material and can achieve bidirectional conversion of electricity to sound and sound to electricity. It converts electrical signals into ultrasonic guided waves in the transmitting stage and converts the reflected ultrasonic guided waves into electrical signals in the receiving stage.

[0042] like Figure 4As shown, the sensor component adopts a cyclic detection mechanism when it is integrated on the perforating gun. After the detection starts, the system first determines whether the detection task is completed. If the detection is completed, the detection state is ended. If it is not completed, the subsequent detection steps are continued. In each detection cycle, the measurement signal processing system first initializes the timer, then starts the timer to start timing, and then triggers the scanning controller to make the transducer emit an ultrasonic guided wave signal. To ensure accurate reception of the signal, the system will set an appropriate delay, which is determined based on the size of the detected pipeline and the sound wave propagation characteristics. After the delay ends, the system collects the reflected ultrasonic signal through the receiver. The received original signal is preliminarily processed by the signal preprocessing circuit, including signal amplification, filtering and other operations to improve the signal quality. The preprocessed data enters the algorithm detection link. The measurement signal processing system uses a specific algorithm (including Fourier transform, etc. to decompose the echo into actual parameters such as frequency and amplitude, and judge the pipeline condition based on the parameters) to analyze and process the signal; in the algorithm detection stage, the system will determine whether there is pipeline deformation. If deformation is detected, the system will record the relevant information in the measurement signal processing system for report generation to feedback to the host computer, and submit the relevant deformation information to the scanning controller for subsequent analysis and detection. If no deformation is detected, the system will directly enter the next detection cycle and restart the process of initializing the timer.

[0043] The above are only representative embodiments of the present invention in many specific application scopes, and do not constitute any limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any technical solutions formed by transformation or equivalent replacement fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perforating gun oil pipeline detection sensor assembly based on ultrasonic guided waves, comprising a sensor (1), the sensor comprising a housing, a transducer (5) arranged in the housing for converting an electrical signal sent by a scanning controller into ultrasonic guided waves during a transmitting phase and for converting the reflected ultrasonic guided waves into electrical signals during a receiving phase, a scanning controller (6) for sending electrical signals according to a default configuration or an impurity type, a signal preprocessing circuit (7) for filtering the electrical signal received by the transducer, and a measurement signal processing system (8) for distinguishing the signal filtered by the preprocessing circuit to obtain the impurity type and feeding it back to a host computer (3), characterized in that: It also includes a truncated cone-shaped structure (2) with a large diameter at one end and a small diameter at the other end. The truncated cone-shaped structure (2) has a plurality of rows of sensors (1) in an annular array. Corresponding to each row of sensors (1), an elastic structure (4) is provided on the large end of the truncated cone-shaped structure (2) for conducting ultrasonic guided wave signals emitted by the transducer (5) and reflected back by impurities.

2. According to claim 1, a perforating gun oil pipeline detection sensor based on ultrasonic guided waves is characterized by: The transducer (5) is made of piezoelectric ceramic material, and the distance between two adjacent transducers (5) on the truncated cone structure is 1 / 2 wavelength.

3. The ultrasonic guided wave-based perforating gun oil pipeline detection sensor according to claim 2 is characterized by: The elastic structure (4) comprises a metal spring (9) arranged on the large end of the truncated cone-shaped structure and in contact with the inner wall of the pipeline to be detected, and an elastic reset structure (10) is arranged on the metal spring (9).

4. The ultrasonic guided wave-based perforating gun oil pipeline detection sensor according to claim 3 is characterized by: The metal spring sheet (9) is inclined toward the small end of the truncated cone-shaped structure (2) and has an angle of 5° to 20° with the horizontal plane, and the metal spring sheet (9) is parallel to the propagation direction of the ultrasonic guided wave emitted by the transducer (5).

5. The ultrasonic guided wave-based perforating gun oil pipeline detection sensor according to claim 4 is characterized by: The metal spring (9) is in an arc shape at the end in contact with the inner wall of the detected pipeline.

6. The ultrasonic guided wave-based perforating gun oil pipeline detection sensor according to claim 3 is characterized by: The elastic reset structure (10) comprises two fixed connecting members (11), a spring (12) connected to the two fixed connecting members (11), and a fixed connecting member (11) connected to a metal spring sheet (9).

7. The ultrasonic guided wave-based perforating gun oil pipeline detection sensor according to claim 3 is characterized by: The metal spring (9) is made of stainless steel or alloy steel.

8. A perforating gun, comprising a gun body (14), a bridge plug (13) arranged on the gun body (14), characterized in that: The gun body is provided with a through hole, through which a metal spring (9) passes, an elastic reset structure (10) is located outside the gun body, and a fixed connector (11) on the opposite end connected to the metal spring (9) is connected to the outer wall of the gun body (14). The ultrasonic guided wave-based perforating gun oil pipeline detection sensor assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is arranged on the gun body (14), and the small end of the truncated cone-shaped structure (2) is located on one side of the bridge plug (13).

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