Citrus big seedling cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a citrus big seedling cultivation method which comprises the following steps: 1, soil treatment: soil improvement: fully mixing 35-45 parts by weight of coco coir, 25-35 parts by weight of vermiculite, 15-25 parts by weight of bio-organic fertilizer and 8-12 parts by weight of compound microbial flora to prepare improved soil; the compound microbial flora is composed of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes according to the proportion of 1: 2: 1, and the effective viable count is not less than 1.5 billion / g. By improving the soil formula and combining the coco coir, the vermiculite, the bio-organic fertilizer and the compound microbial flora, the soil fertility, the air permeability and the water-retaining property can be comprehensively improved, and then good conditions are provided for root growth; meanwhile, through real-time monitoring and accurate water supplementing of the intelligent drip irrigation system, it is guaranteed that the soil humidity is always in the optimal citrus growth interval, water stress is reduced, root system development is promoted, the overall growth vitality of nursery stocks is improved, and the transplanting survival rate is greatly increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for cultivating large citrus seedlings. Background Art

[0002] As we all know, traditional citrus cultivation methods have many limitations in many links and are difficult to meet the development needs of modern efficient, high-quality and green agriculture.

[0003] At present, the existing technology mostly uses simple farmyard manure or ordinary chemical fertilizer to improve soil fertility, lacks comprehensive optimization of soil structure, water retention and microbial community, and cannot create a long-term stable and excellent growth environment for citrus roots, which easily leads to problems such as soil compaction and rapid nutrient loss. Watering is usually based on experience and manual timed irrigation, which makes it difficult to accurately control the moisture content of the soil. Drought or waterlogging often occurs, affecting the growth of seedlings.

[0004] In addition, the seedlings have a long growth period after transplanting, and the survival rate fluctuates greatly. The stress resistance needs of the seedlings were not fully considered during planting, and only routine soil filling and watering operations were performed, resulting in poor adaptability to the new environment. Moreover, in the process of pest control, chemical pesticide spraying is mainly relied on, which not only easily causes excessive pesticide residues and harms consumer health, but also kills a large number of beneficial insects, destroys the ecological balance, and leads to increased resistance to pesticides in pests and diseases, making prevention and control increasingly difficult; ecological means are rarely used to build a stable ecological community that is conducive to citrus growth and inhibits pests and diseases.

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a method for cultivating large citrus seedlings. Summary of the invention

[0006] Based on the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention proposes a method for cultivating large citrus seedlings.

[0007] A method for cultivating large citrus seedlings proposed by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Soil treatment:

[0009] Soil improvement: by weight, 35-45 parts of coconut bran, 25-35 parts of vermiculite, 15-25 parts of biological organic fertilizer and 8-12 parts of composite microbial flora are fully mixed to make improved soil; the composite microbial flora is composed of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a ratio of 1:2:1, and the number of effective live bacteria is not less than 150 million / g;

[0010] Water control: A drip irrigation system is set up in the cultivation area, including a soil moisture sensor, a controller and a drip irrigation nozzle; the soil moisture sensor monitors the soil moisture in real time. When the humidity is lower than the set threshold of 40%-50%, the controller automatically turns on the drip irrigation nozzle and replenishes water at a rate of 2-3 liters per square meter per minute until the soil moisture reaches 60%-70%;

[0011] Step 2: Seedling treatment:

[0012] Light and temperature coordinated control: LED lamps that can automatically adjust the spectrum and light intensity are installed on the top of the nursery greenhouse, as well as an air conditioning system for temperature control; during the citrus seedling stage, a mixed light with a wavelength of 400-450nm, 60% blue light, and 600-650nm red light accounting for 40% is provided, with a light intensity of 2000-2500lux and a temperature controlled at 22-26℃; during the healing period after grafting, the proportion of blue light is adjusted to 40%, red light accounts for 60%, the light intensity is increased to 3000-3500lux, and the temperature is maintained at 25-28℃;

[0013] Gene-edited rootstocks: Gene-editing technology is used to cultivate rootstocks, and gene fragments that are resistant to citrus canker, citrus anthracnose, citrus scab, and citrus sand bark are introduced into their genomes, and they are compatible with a variety of citrus scion affinities; the seeds of the gene-edited rootstocks are soaked in warm water at 60-70°C for 30-40 minutes before germination and sowing;

[0014] Step 3: Transplantation:

[0015] Root activation treatment: 3-5 days before transplanting, spray the roots of citrus seedlings with a root activator consisting of 5-10ppm salicylic acid, 10-15ppm cytokinin and 0.1%-0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer to promote root vitality;

[0016] Stress resistance enhancement: When transplanting and planting, sprinkle 100-150 grams of stress resistance enhancer made of humic acid, seaweed extract and trace elements zinc and manganese in a ratio of 3:2:1 into the planting pit to enhance the stress resistance of seedlings after transplanting;

[0017] Step 4: Pest and disease control:

[0018] Nano-targeted drug delivery: The active ingredients of pesticides for controlling citrus pests are nano-processed to make nano-pesticide particles with a particle size of 10-50nm, which are wrapped in biodegradable polymers and added with targeting aids so that they can be accurately attached to the pores or feeding parts of the pests. When used, the solution is diluted 300-500 times and then sprayed once every 10-15 days for 2-3 consecutive times.

[0019] Ecological community construction: Plant nectar plants that attract beneficial insects around the citrus orchard to form a stable ecological community; at the same time, set up an insect shelter every 5-10 meters in the orchard to provide a habitat and breeding place for beneficial insects, and use ecological balance to control pests and diseases;

[0020] Step 5: Nutritional management:

[0021] Precise fertilizer supply on demand: drones equipped with multispectral cameras and thermal imagers are used to regularly collect images of citrus seedlings, and AI algorithms are used to analyze the growth status and nutritional needs of the seedlings to generate personalized fertilization plans. The precision fertilization device carried by the drones is used to apply fertilizer particles of different formulas around the roots of the seedlings at fixed points and in fixed quantities according to the plan, with the error controlled within 5%;

[0022] Bioelectric stimulation to increase production: During the peak growth period of citrus seedlings, select sunny days from 9 to 11 a.m. every month, use a bioelectric stimulation device, insert electrodes into the soil on both sides of the seedling roots, apply 10-20V of weak direct current, and stimulate for 30-60 minutes each time to promote the root system's absorption of nutrients and seedling growth, so as to increase production by 10%-15%.

[0023] Preferably, the method for cultivating the gene-edited rootstock includes site-specific gene insertion and CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing technology, and undergoes multiple generations of backcrossing and selection to ensure genetic stability.

[0024] Preferably, the molecular weight of humic acid in the stress resistance enhancer is 500-1000Da, and the seaweed extract is prepared by a low-temperature wall-breaking extraction process.

[0025] Preferably, the polymer of the nano pesticide particles is polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA), and the targeting adjuvant is a chitosan derivative.

[0026] Preferably, the molecular weight of humic acid in the stress resistance enhancer is 500-1000Da, and the seaweed extract is prepared by a low-temperature wall-breaking extraction process.

[0027] Preferably, the precision fertilization device includes a silo, a screw feeder, a weight sensor, a flight controller and a nozzle, the weight sensor monitors the amount of fertilizer in real time, and the flight controller controls the action of the screw feeder and the nozzle according to a preset fertilization plan.

[0028] Preferably, the bioelectric stimulation device is equipped with a current regulator, a timer and an electrode protection circuit to ensure stable current output and prevent electrode polarization from damaging the seedlings.

[0029] Preferably, an isolation zone is provided between the nectar plant planting area and the citrus cultivation area to prevent cross-transmission of pests and diseases, and the width of the isolation zone is 2-3 meters.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] 1. In the present invention, by improving the soil formula, combining coconut bran, vermiculite, biological organic fertilizer and composite microbial flora, the soil fertility, air permeability and water retention are comprehensively improved, thereby providing good conditions for root growth; at the same time, through real-time monitoring and precise water replenishment by the intelligent drip irrigation system, the soil moisture is always guaranteed to be in the optimal range for citrus growth, water stress is reduced, the root system is promoted, and the overall growth vitality of the seedlings is improved, which greatly improves the transplant survival rate.

[0032] 2. In the present invention, light quality, light intensity and temperature are accurately provided according to different stages such as citrus seedlings and after grafting through coordinated regulation of light and temperature, thereby accelerating photosynthesis and healing growth, which is beneficial to shortening the seedling raising period; at the same time, through gene editing of rootstocks, with the introduction of disease resistance and stress resistance genes, it is beneficial to enhance resistance to various diseases, reduce the risk of seedling loss, ensure the stability of the quality of grafted seedlings, so as to increase the output rate of high-quality seedlings.

[0033] 3. In the present invention, root activity is improved by pretreatment with a root activator, and a stress-resistant enhancer is used to assist in transplanting. This two-pronged approach greatly shortens the transplanting seedling period, is beneficial to enhancing the ability of seedlings to adapt to the new environment, and further improves the transplanting survival rate.

[0034] 4. In the present invention, pests are precisely attacked through nano-targeted drug delivery, which can reduce the amount of pesticides used, reduce the risk of residues, and ensure the quality and safety of fruits; at the same time, the ecological community is constructed to attract beneficial insects to inhabit and reproduce, and the balance relationship between organisms is used to control pests and diseases, which is conducive to reducing chemical intervention, maintaining ecological stability, and greatly reducing the cost of prevention and control.

[0035] 5. In the present invention, precise fertilizer supply on demand enabled by drones and AI is used to facilitate fixed-point and quantitative fertilization, which greatly improves fertilizer utilization and helps reduce waste and pollution. At the same time, bioelectric stimulation yield-increasing technology is used to stimulate the root system's ability to absorb nutrients, promote growth, and improve quality indicators such as fruit sugar content and vitamin C, greatly improving the economic benefits of the entire cultivation method and facilitating its promotion and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of the method for cultivating large citrus seedlings.

[0037] In the figure: 1. Soil treatment; 101. Soil improvement; 102. Water regulation; 2. Seedling treatment; 201. Coordinated light and temperature regulation; 202. Gene-edited rootstock; 3. Transplantation treatment; 301. Root activation treatment; 302. Stress resistance enhancement; 4. Pest and disease control; 401. Nano-targeted drug delivery; 402. Ecological community construction; 5. Nutrition management; 501. Precise fertilizer supply on demand; 502. Bioelectric stimulation to increase production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0039] Example

[0040] refer to Figure 1 In this embodiment, a method for cultivating large citrus seedlings is proposed, comprising the following steps:

[0041] Step 1, soil treatment 1:

[0042] Soil Improvement 101: By weight, mix 35-45 parts of coconut bran, 25-35 parts of vermiculite, 15-25 parts of biological organic fertilizer and 8-12 parts of composite microbial flora to make improved soil; the composite microbial flora is composed of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a ratio of 1:2:1, and the number of effective live bacteria is not less than 150 million / g;

[0043] Water control 102: A drip irrigation system is set up in the cultivation area, including a soil moisture sensor, a controller and a drip irrigation nozzle; the soil moisture sensor monitors the soil moisture in real time. When the moisture is lower than the set threshold of 40%-50%, the controller automatically turns on the drip irrigation nozzle and replenishes water at a rate of 2-3 liters per square meter per minute until the soil moisture reaches 60%-70%;

[0044] Step 2, seedling treatment 2:

[0045] Light and temperature coordinated control 201: Install LED lamps that can automatically adjust the spectrum and light intensity on the top of the nursery greenhouse, as well as an air conditioning system for temperature control; during the citrus seedling stage, provide mixed light with a wavelength of 400-450nm blue light accounting for 60% and 600-650nm red light accounting for 40%, with a light intensity of 2000-2500lux and a temperature controlled at 22-26℃; during the healing period after grafting, the proportion of blue light is adjusted to 40%, red light accounts for 60%, the light intensity is increased to 3000-3500lux, and the temperature is maintained at 25-28℃;

[0046] Gene-edited rootstock 202: The rootstock is cultivated using gene editing technology. Resistance gene fragments such as citrus canker, citrus anthracnose, citrus scab, and citrus sand bark have been introduced into its genome. The rootstock has been tested to be significantly resistant to at least three common citrus diseases and two adverse environmental stresses (such as drought), and is compatible with a variety of citrus scion affinity; the seeds of the gene-edited rootstock are soaked in warm water at 60-70℃ for 30-40 minutes before germination and sowing;

[0047] Step 3, transplanting process 3:

[0048] Root activation treatment 301: 3-5 days before transplanting, spray the roots of citrus seedlings with a root activator consisting of 5-10ppm salicylic acid, 10-15ppm cytokinin and 0.1%-0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer to promote root vitality;

[0049] Stress Enhancement 302: When transplanting and planting, sprinkle 100-150 grams of stress enhancer made of humic acid, seaweed extract and trace elements zinc and manganese in a ratio of 3:2:1 into the planting pit to enhance the stress resistance of seedlings after transplanting;

[0050] Step 4: Pest and disease control 4:

[0051] Nano-targeted drug delivery 401: The active ingredients of pesticides for controlling citrus pests (such as pyrethroids) are nano-processed to make nano-pesticide particles with a particle size of 10-50nm, which are wrapped in biodegradable polymers and added with targeting aids so that they can be accurately attached to the pores or feeding parts of the pests. When used, the solution is diluted 300-500 times and sprayed once every 10-15 days for 2-3 consecutive times.

[0052] Ecological community construction 402: Plant nectar plants that attract beneficial insects, such as lavender and alfalfa, around the citrus orchard to form a stable ecological community; at the same time, set up an insect shelter every 5-10 meters in the orchard to provide a habitat for beneficial insects to reproduce and control pests and diseases by using ecological balance;

[0053] Step 5, Nutritional Management 5:

[0054] Precise fertilizer supply on demand 501: Use drones equipped with multispectral cameras and thermal imagers to regularly collect images of citrus seedlings, and use artificial algorithms to analyze the growth status and nutritional needs of the seedlings to generate personalized fertilization plans; use the precision fertilization device carried by the drone to apply fertilizer particles of different formulas around the root system of the seedlings at fixed points and in fixed quantities according to the plan, with the error controlled within 5%;

[0055] Bioelectric stimulation increases production by 502: During the peak growth period of large citrus seedlings, select a sunny day from 9 to 11 a.m. every month, use a bioelectric stimulation device, insert electrodes into the soil on both sides of the seedling root system, apply a weak direct current of 10-20V, and stimulate for 30-60 minutes each time to promote the root system's absorption of nutrients and seedling growth, so as to increase production by 10%-15%.

[0056] Furthermore, the breeding methods of gene-edited rootstocks include gene site-specific insertion, CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing technology, and multiple generations of backcrossing and selection to ensure genetic stability.

[0057] As a further feature, the molecular weight of humic acid in the stress resistance enhancer is 500-1000Da, and the seaweed extract is prepared by a low-temperature wall-breaking extraction process; the molecular weight of humic acid in the stress resistance enhancer is 500-1000Da, and the seaweed extract is prepared by a low-temperature wall-breaking extraction process.

[0058] The polymer of the nanopesticide particles is polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA), and the targeting adjuvant is a chitosan derivative.

[0059] Among them, the precision fertilization device includes a silo, a screw feeder, a weight sensor, a flight controller and a nozzle. The weight sensor monitors the amount of fertilizer in real time, and the flight controller controls the action of the screw feeder and the nozzle according to the preset fertilization plan.

[0060] The bioelectric stimulation device is equipped with a current regulator, timer and electrode protection circuit to ensure stable current output and prevent electrode polarization from damaging the seedlings. An isolation zone is set between the nectar plant planting area and the citrus cultivation area to prevent cross-transmission of pests and diseases. The width of the isolation zone is 2-3 meters.

[0061] Finally, in the present invention, by improving the soil formula, combining coconut bran, vermiculite, biological organic fertilizer and composite microbial flora, the soil fertility, air permeability and water retention are comprehensively improved to provide ideal cultivation conditions for the root system; at the same time, the intelligent drip irrigation system monitors in real time and accurately replenishes water to ensure that the soil moisture is always in the optimal range for citrus growth, reduce water stress, promote the development of the root system, and thus improve the overall growth vitality of the seedlings, which can increase the transplant survival rate by 15%-20%. In the present invention, light and temperature are also coordinated to accurately provide light quality, light intensity and temperature according to different stages such as citrus seedlings and after grafting, accelerate photosynthesis and healing growth, and help shorten the seedling raising cycle by about 20%-30%; gene-edited rootstocks rely on the introduced disease resistance and stress resistance genes to significantly enhance resistance to various diseases and adverse environments, reduce the risk of seedling loss, and ensure the stability of grafted seedling quality. Pretreatment with root activators can improve root vitality, and anti-stress enhancers can assist in planting. The two-pronged approach shortens the transplanting slow seedling period by about 30%, enhances the ability of seedlings to adapt to the new environment, and is conducive to increasing the transplanting survival rate by 20%-25%. Through nano-targeted drug delivery, pests can be precisely attacked, the amount of pesticides can be reduced by 40%-60%, the risk of residues can be reduced, and the quality and safety of fruits can be guaranteed. Ecological community construction attracts beneficial insects to inhabit and reproduce, and the balance between organisms is used to control pests and diseases, reduce chemical intervention, maintain ecological stability, and reduce the cost of prevention and control by about 30%-50%. Through precise on-demand fertilizer supply enabled by drones and AI, the nutritional status of seedlings can be analyzed in real time, and fertilizers can be applied at fixed points and in fixed quantities, and the fertilizer utilization rate can be increased by 30%-50%, reducing waste and pollution. Bioelectric stimulation yield-increasing technology stimulates the root system's ability to absorb nutrients, promotes growth, and is conducive to increasing production. At the same time, it improves fruit sugar content, vitamin C and other quality indicators, ensuring better overall cultivation effects and suitable for promotion and use.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating large citrus seedlings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Soil preparation (1): Soil improvement (101): By weight, 35-45 parts of coconut bran, 25-35 parts of vermiculite, 15-25 parts of biological organic fertilizer and 8-12 parts of composite microbial flora are fully mixed to prepare improved soil; the composite microbial flora is composed of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a ratio of 1:2:1, and the number of effective live bacteria is not less than 150 million / g; Water control (102): a drip irrigation system is set up in the cultivation site, including a soil moisture sensor, a controller and a drip irrigation nozzle; the soil moisture sensor monitors the soil moisture in real time. When the moisture is lower than the set threshold of 40%-50%, the controller turns on the drip irrigation nozzle to replenish water at a rate of 2-3 liters per square meter per minute until the soil moisture reaches 60%-70%; Step 2: Seedling treatment (2): Light and temperature coordinated control (201): LED lamps that can automatically adjust the spectrum and light intensity are installed on the top of the nursery greenhouse, as well as an air conditioning system for temperature control; during the citrus seedling stage, a mixed light with a wavelength of 400-450nm blue light accounting for 60% and 600-650nm red light accounting for 40%, the light intensity is 2000-2500lux, and the temperature is controlled at 22-26℃; during the healing period after grafting, the proportion of blue light is adjusted to 40%, the proportion of red light is adjusted to 60%, the light intensity is increased to 3000-3500lux, and the temperature is maintained at 25-28℃; Gene-edited rootstock (202): Gene-edited rootstocks are cultivated using gene-editing technology, into whose genome gene fragments are introduced gene fragments that are resistant to citrus canker, citrus anthracnose, citrus scab, and citrus sand bark disease, and which are compatible with a variety of citrus scion affinity; the seeds of the gene-edited rootstocks are soaked in warm water at 60-70°C for 30-40 minutes before germination and sowing; Step 3: Transplantation (3): Root activation treatment (301): 3-5 days before transplanting, spray the roots of citrus seedlings with a root activator consisting of 5-10 ppm salicylic acid, 10-15 ppm cytokinin and 0.1%-0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer to promote root vitality; Stress Enhancement (302): When transplanting and planting, sprinkle 100-150 grams of stress enhancer made of humic acid, seaweed extract and trace elements zinc and manganese in a ratio of 3:2:1 into the planting pit to enhance the stress resistance of seedlings after transplanting; Step 4: Pest and disease control (4): Nano-targeted drug delivery (401): The active ingredients of pesticides for controlling citrus pests are nano-processed to form nano-pesticide particles with a particle size of 10-50 nm, which are encapsulated in a biodegradable polymer and targeted adjuvants are added to enable them to be accurately attached to the pores or feeding parts of the pests. When used, the pesticides are diluted 300-500 times and then sprayed once every 10-15 days for 2-3 consecutive times. Ecological community construction (402): Plant nectar plants that attract beneficial insects around the citrus orchard to form a stable ecological community; at the same time, set up an insect shelter every 5-10 meters in the orchard to provide a habitat for beneficial insects to reproduce and control pests and diseases by using ecological balance; Step 5: Nutritional management (5): Precise fertilizer supply on demand (501): drones equipped with multispectral cameras and thermal imagers are used to regularly collect images of citrus seedlings, and AI algorithms are used to analyze the growth status and nutritional needs of the seedlings to generate personalized fertilization plans. The precision fertilization device carried by the drones is used to apply fertilizer particles of different formulas around the roots of the seedlings at fixed points and in fixed quantities according to the plan, with the error controlled within 5%; Bioelectric stimulation to increase production (502): During the peak growth period of citrus seedlings, select a sunny day from 9 to 11 a.m. every month, use a bioelectric stimulation device, insert electrodes into the soil on both sides of the seedling root system, apply 10-20V weak direct current, and stimulate for 30-60 minutes each time to promote the root system's absorption of nutrients and seedling growth.

2. A method for cultivating large citrus seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The breeding method of the gene-edited rootstock includes gene site-specific insertion and CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing technology, and multiple generations of backcrossing and breeding are carried out to ensure genetic stability.

3. A method for cultivating large citrus seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molecular weight of the humic acid in the stress resistance enhancer is 500-1000Da, and the seaweed extract is prepared by adopting a low-temperature wall-breaking extraction process.

4. A method for cultivating large citrus seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polymer of the nano pesticide particles is polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA), and the targeting auxiliary agent is a chitosan derivative.

5. A method for cultivating large citrus seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molecular weight of the humic acid in the stress resistance enhancer is 500-1000Da, and the seaweed extract is prepared by adopting a low-temperature wall-breaking extraction process.

6. A method for cultivating large citrus seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The precision fertilization device includes a silo, a screw feeder, a weight sensor, a flight controller and a nozzle. The weight sensor monitors the amount of fertilizer in real time, and the flight controller controls the actions of the screw feeder and the nozzle according to a preset fertilization plan.

7. A method for cultivating large citrus seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bioelectric stimulation device is equipped with a current regulator, a timer and an electrode protection circuit to ensure stable current output and prevent electrode polarization from damaging the seedlings.

8. A method for cultivating large citrus seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: An isolation zone is set between the nectar plant planting area and the citrus cultivation area to prevent the cross-transmission of diseases and pests, and the width of the isolation zone is 2-3 meters.

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