Cultivation method for prolonging fresh-eating harvesting time of waxy corn variety
Through field planting and indoor copying, self-breeding and hybridization combination methods are used to extend the fresh harvesting period of glutinous corn varieties to 7 days, solving the problem of too short harvesting period of existing varieties and improving economic benefits and the potential for large-scale industrial development.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510403546.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-16
AI Technical Summary
The harvesting period of existing fresh glutinous corn varieties is too short, resulting in limited market capacity, shortage of manpower during harvest, and inconvenient transportation, which in turn reduces the economic benefits and production enthusiasm of growers and limits the large-scale development of the fresh glutinous corn industry.
Through field planting and indoor copying, self-breeding and hybridization combination methods are used to extend the fresh harvesting period of glutinous corn varieties to 7 days. The specific steps include bagging before the ears are drawn, self-breeding and pollinating, cooking quality identification, selection and hybridization combination for suitable combinations.
The fresh harvesting period of glutinous corn varieties has been extended to 7 days, which basically does not affect the quality and palatability of fresh food, improves the economic benefits and production enthusiasm of growers, and promotes the large-scale development of the fresh glutinous corn industry.
Smart Images
Figure CN119999573A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding and improved variety breeding, and specifically relates to a cultivation method for prolonging the fresh-eating harvest period of glutinous corn varieties. Background Art
[0002] Fresh glutinous corn is produced by harvesting immature ears. The nutritional quality and taste are best when harvested at the right time. Many research results show that fresh glutinous corn is generally harvested 22 to 25 days after pollination. The starch, water and soluble sugar content, nutritional quality, softness and taste in the kernels are the best. That is, the best harvest time for fresh glutinous corn is only 4 days. In production, most of the fresh glutinous corn varieties currently promoted have too short a harvest period, limited market capacity in the short term, shortage of manpower during harvesting, inconvenient transportation or insufficient transportation capacity, etc., which leads to fresh glutinous corn missing the best fresh harvest period. Instead, dry kernels can only be harvested. However, the yield of dry kernels of glutinous corn is lower than that of ordinary corn, which reduces the economic benefits and production enthusiasm of farmers, and thus limits the scale development of the fresh glutinous corn industry. Summary of the invention
[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a breeding method for prolonging the fresh-eating harvesting period of glutinous corn varieties in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art. The breeding method can prolong the fresh-eating harvesting period of glutinous corn varieties to 7 days, that is, they can be freshly harvested 22 to 28 days after pollination, and basically do not affect the fresh food quality and palatability of the glutinous corn.
[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a cultivation method for extending the fresh-eating harvest period of waxy corn varieties, the method comprising: Step 1, planting fresh glutinous corn basic population material S0 in the field, bagging the ears before silking, and after silking and pollination, self-pollinating 2 ears of the fresh glutinous corn basic population material S0 on the same day, marking them, recording the pollination time, and self-pollinating the remaining plants for selection; After the pollination of the marked ears, the cooking quality is tasted 22 days and 28 days respectively, and the fresh-eating glutinous corn basic population material S0 with the cooking quality greater than 58.0 points twice is the basic population material suitable for long-term fresh harvest; The remaining selfed ears of the basic population material suitable for long-term fresh harvest are retained, harvested, and then seeded indoors to obtain the fresh-eating long-harvest period selection line S1; Step 2: Planting the fresh-edible long-harvest period selected line S1 obtained in step 1 in the field, self-pollinating to obtain selected line S2; continuing to plant the selected line S2, self-pollinating to obtain selected line S3; continuing to plant the selected line S3, self-pollinating to obtain selected line S4; Continue to plant the selected line S4, and during the silking and pollination period, self-pollinate 8 to 10 ears per plant on each selected line of the selected line S4, mark 2 ears among them, and record the pollination time; While each selected line of the selected line S4 is undergoing single plant self-pollination, pollen from 5 plants in the plants undergoing single plant self-pollination is selected from each selected line, and the pollen is mixed according to the selected line, and the pollen is respectively pollinated on the silks of the fruit ears of 8 to 10 test varieties to obtain a hybrid combination; After the marked ears are self-pollinated, the cooking quality is tasted 22 days and 28 days respectively, and the selected line S4 with cooking quality greater than 58.0 points in two cooking quality tests is retained to obtain the selected line suitable for combination with fresh food and long harvest period; The remaining self-pollinated ears of the selected lines suitable for combination with fresh food and long harvest period are retained, and after harvest, 1 to 2 lines are retained for each selection through indoor seedling transplanting to obtain the selected line S5 with long harvest period; Step 3: Planting the long-harvest period selected line S5 obtained in step 2 in the field, self-pollinating 8 to 10 ears per plant of each selected line of the long-harvest period selected line S5, marking 2 ears among them, and recording the pollination time; After the marked ears are self-pollinated and pollinated, the cooking quality is tasted respectively, and the remaining self-pollinated ears corresponding to the long-harvest period selection line S5 with cooking quality greater than 58.0 points twice are retained. After harvesting, they are seeded indoors to obtain the selection line S6; At the same time, for the hybrid combination obtained by the combination corresponding to the selected lines suitable for combination for fresh food with a long harvest period in the field planting step 2, 2 ears of each hybrid combination are selected for bagging and pollination, and the pollination time is recorded. The cooking quality is tasted 22 days and 28 days after self-pollination; at the same time, 25 days after silking and pollination, the remaining unbagged self-pollinated ears of the hybrid combination are harvested, and the seeding and fresh ear yield are measured, and the hybrid combination with good cooking quality and high fresh ear yield 22 days and 28 days after pollination is selected as a high-yield, high-quality and long-harvest period combination; Step 4. Compound the selected line S6 obtained in step 3 with the high-yield, high-quality and long harvest period combination obtained in step 3, conduct multi-year multi-point variety comparison tests, screen out hybrid combinations with good adaptability, annual stability and long fresh harvest period, participate in regional trials and approvals at all levels, obtain approved fresh-eating glutinous corn varieties, and carry out demonstration and promotion.
[0005] Preferably, the fresh glutinous corn basic population material S0 in step one includes Jinnuo 691, Changnuo 100, Caitiannuo 627, Bainuo 3000, Jiangnanyu No. 5, Xinghehuatiannuo, Zhunuo No. 9, Fenghai Shuijingnuo, Jingkenuo 609, Haixiangnuo 18, Yuhei Nuo 600, Yuebainuo No. 6, Guobennuo No. 1 and Wannuo 2000.
[0006] Preferably, the selected lines S4 planted in step 2 have 32 plants in each line.
[0007] Preferably, the test varieties in step 2 are waxy corn inbred lines, and the line names are N151, ZN06-1, N183, N23-2, N13259, N1325-911121, N325-921111, N1326, N1326-10-12111, and N1326-10-12121.
[0008] Preferably, the long harvest period selection line S5 in step 3 has 24 plants per line.
[0009] Preferably, in the multi-year multi-point variety comparison test in step 4, the multi-year period is 2 years and the multi-point period is 5 test points; and the multi-year period in the multi-year regional trial test is 2 years.
[0010] Preferably, the fresh-edible glutinous corn variety approved in step 4 has a fresh-edible harvest period of 22 to 28 days after pollination.
[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The present invention can prolong the fresh-eating harvest period of glutinous corn varieties, that is, the optimal harvest period after the fresh ears of glutinous corn mature is extended from the current 4 days to 7 days, that is, the fresh harvest can be made 22 to 28 days after pollination, thereby extending the fresh-eating harvest period without substantially affecting the fresh food quality and palatability of the glutinous corn.
[0012] 2. In the present invention, during the cultivation of inbred lines (basic population and high-generation selected line materials) and the quality identification of hybrid combinations, two cooking quality identifications are conducted at 22 days and 28 days after pollination, respectively (the conventional method is to conduct one cooking quality identification between 22 days and 25 days after pollination). Inbred lines with good fresh taste 22 to 28 days after pollination are cultivated, and hybrid combinations are assembled according to the hybrid advantage model using the cultivated inbred lines. The hybrid combinations are respectively quality identified at 22 days and 28 days after pollination, and glutinous corn varieties that can be eaten fresh 22 to 28 days after pollination are selected, thereby extending the fresh harvest period.
[0013] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for cultivating a glutinous corn variety for prolonging its fresh harvest period. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] Example 1 The cultivation method for extending the fresh-eating harvest period of waxy corn varieties in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the method is: Step 1, on April 7, 2015, fresh glutinous corn basic population material S0 was planted in the field at the Liangping Experimental Base of Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Liangping District, Chongqing City, and the ears were bagged before silking. After silking and powdering, the fresh glutinous corn basic population material S0 was self-pollinated for two ears on the same day, and the marks were made and the pollination time was recorded. The remaining plants were self-pollinated for single plant selection; The fresh glutinous corn basic population material S0 described in this embodiment includes Jinnuo 691, Changnuo 100, Caitiannuo 627, Bainuo 3000, Jiangnanyu 5, Xinghehuatiannuo, Zhunuo 9, Fenghai Shuijingnuo, Jingkenuo 609, Haixiangnuo 18, Yuhei Nuo 600, Yuebainuo 6, Guobennuo 1 and Wannuo 2000; other varieties have poor performance and have been eliminated; After the pollination of the marked ears, the cooking quality is tasted 22 days and 28 days respectively, and the fresh-eating glutinous corn basic population material S0 with the cooking quality greater than 58.0 points twice is used as the basic population material suitable for long-term fresh harvest; The cooking quality results in this example are that the cooking quality scores of Wannuo 2000 are 61.0 and 60.0 points respectively (NY / T524-2002, the cooking quality score is 70 points), which is a basic population material suitable for long-term fresh harvest. The selected line is named N1514; The remaining self-pollinated ears of the basic population material (N1514) suitable for long-term fresh harvest were retained. After harvest, 11 self-pollinated progenies were retained through indoor seedling transplanting, and fresh-eating long-harvest period selection line S1 was obtained, which were numbered N1514-1, N1514-2, N1514-3, N1514-4, N1514-5, N1514-6, N1514-7, N1514-8, N1514-9, N1514-10, and N1514-11 respectively; Step 2: In the winter of 2015, the fresh-eating long-harvest period selected line S1 (i.e., the self-pollination progeny selected line material of Wannuo 2000, with the pedigree of N1514-1, N1514-2, N1514-3, N1514-4, N1514-5, N1514-6, N1514-7, N1514-8, N1514-9, N1514-10, and N1514-11) obtained in step 1 was planted in the Lingshui base in Hainan, and the selected line S2 was self-pollinated to obtain the selected line S3 in the Liangping experimental base in the spring of 2016; and the selected line S3 was self-pollinated to obtain the selected line S4 in the Lingshui base in Hainan in the winter of 2016; In the spring of 2017, the selected line S4 was planted at the Liangping experimental base, with 32 plants in each line. During the silking and pollination period, each selected line of the selected line S4 was self-pollinated with 8 to 10 ears per plant, and 2 ears were marked to record the pollination time. While each selected line of the selected line S4 is undergoing single plant self-pollination, pollen from 5 selected plants (i.e., 5 plants among the plants undergoing single plant self-pollination) is selected from each selected line, mixed evenly according to the selected line, and respectively pollinated on filaments of 8 to 10 test varieties of fruit ears to obtain hybrid combinations; The tested varieties are waxy corn inbred lines, and the line names are N151, ZN06-1, N183, N23-2, N13259, N1325-911121, N325-921111, N1326, N1326-10-12111 and N1326-10-12121; The hybrid combinations obtained by grouping were: N151×N1514-2122, N151×N1514-2121, N151×N1514-4311, N151×N1514-4312, N151×N1514-5111, ZN06-1×N1514-2122, ZN06-1×N1514-2121, ZN06-1×N1514-4311, ZN06-1×N1514-4312, ZN06-1×N1514-5111 and more than 100 other hybrid combinations; After the marked ears are self-pollinated, the cooking quality is tasted 22 days and 28 days respectively, and the selected line S4 with cooking quality greater than 58.0 points in two cooking quality tests is retained to obtain the selected line suitable for combination with fresh food and long harvest period; In this embodiment, the cooking quality scores of the selected line N1514-2122 (i.e., the pedigree of the selected line S4) were 62.5 and 61.5, respectively, the cooking quality scores of N1514-4311 were 61.3 and 59.5, respectively, and the cooking quality scores of N1514-4312 were 60.0 and 58.5, respectively. These three selected lines had good cooking quality 22 days and 28 days after pollination, and were selected as the selected lines suitable for combination with fresh food with a long harvest period (i.e., the selected lines N1514-2122, N1514-4311, and N1514-4312); The remaining self-pollinated ears of the selected lines suitable for combination with fresh food and long harvest period are retained, and after harvest, 1 to 2 lines are retained for each selection through indoor seedling transplanting to obtain the selected line S5 with long harvest period; Step 3: Planting the long-harvest period selected lines S5 obtained in step 2 in the field, with 24 plants in each line, self-pollinating 8 to 10 ears per plant of each selected line of the long-harvest period selected line S5, marking 2 ears among them, and recording the pollination time; After the marked ears are self-pollinated and pollinated, the cooking quality is tasted respectively, and the remaining self-pollinated ears corresponding to the long-harvest period selection line S5 with cooking quality greater than 58.0 points twice are retained. After harvesting, they are seeded indoors to obtain the selection line S6; The cooking quality scores of the selected line N1514-43111 in the S5 generation selected line in this example were 61.0 and 60.0, respectively; At the same time, the hybrid combination obtained in step 2 corresponding to the selected lines suitable for combination with fresh food and long harvest period (i.e., N1514-2122, N1514-4311, and N1514-4312 selected lines) in step 2 is planted in the field; The hybrid combinations included 21 combinations including N1326×N1514-4311, N1326×N1514-4312, N1326×N1514-2122, N151×N1514-4311, N151×N1514-4312, N151×N1514-2122 (some combinations failed to mate successfully due to various reasons); Two ears of each hybrid combination were selected for bagging and pollination, and the pollination time was recorded. The cooking quality was tasted 22 days and 28 days after self-pollination. At the same time, 25 days after silking and pollination, the remaining unbagged self-pollinated ears of the hybrid combination were harvested, and the seedlings were copied and the fresh ear yield was measured. The hybrid combination (N1326×N1514-4311) with good cooking quality and high fresh ear yield 22 days and 28 days after pollination was selected as a high-yield, high-quality and long-harvest period combination. The N1326×N1514-4311 hybrid combination had a high yield (764.5 kg / mu), a cooking quality of 62.1 and 61.5 respectively, and a fresh harvest period of 7 days. Step 4: Compounding the selected line S6 (N1514-431111) obtained in step 3 with the high-yield, high-quality and long-harvest period combination (N1326×N1514-4311) obtained in step 3; The hybrid combination N1326×N1514-431111 (named: Keda Nuo No. 4) compounded in Lingshui, Hainan in the winter of 2018 participated in the variety comparison tests at 5 o'clock in 2019 and 2020 (Wanzhou District, Liangping District, Kaizhou District, Fuling District and Dianjiang County of Chongqing City), and participated in the regional trial of fresh glutinous corn in Chongqing City in 2021 and 2022. It passed the approval of Chongqing City in 2023 with the approval number (Yushenyu 20230024). It can be harvested fresh 22 to 28 days after pollination, and the fresh harvesting time is extended to 7 days. It will be demonstrated and promoted for two consecutive years in 2023 and 2024. Keda Nuo No. 4 can be harvested fresh 22 to 28 days after pollination. It has good steaming quality and taste, and the fresh harvesting period is extended to 7 days.
[0016] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent change made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for extending the fresh-eating harvest period of glutinous corn varieties, characterized in that: The method is: Step 1, planting fresh glutinous corn basic population material S0 in the field, bagging the ears before silking, and after silking and pollination, self-pollinating 2 ears of the fresh glutinous corn basic population material S0 on the same day, marking them, recording the pollination time, and self-pollinating the remaining plants for selection; After the pollination of the marked ears, the cooking quality is tasted 22 days and 28 days respectively, and the fresh-eating glutinous corn basic population material S0 with the cooking quality greater than 58.0 points twice is the basic population material suitable for long-term fresh harvest; The remaining selfed ears of the basic population material suitable for long-term fresh harvest are retained, harvested, and then seeded indoors to obtain the fresh-eating long-harvest period selection line S1; Step 2: Planting the fresh-edible long-harvest period selected line S1 obtained in step 1 in the field, self-pollinating to obtain selected line S2; continuing to plant the selected line S2, self-pollinating to obtain selected line S3; continuing to plant the selected line S3, self-pollinating to obtain selected line S4; Continue to plant the selected line S4, and during the silking and pollination period, self-pollinate 8 to 10 ears per plant on each selected line of the selected line S4, mark 2 ears among them, and record the pollination time; While each selected line of the selected line S4 is undergoing single plant self-pollination, pollen from 5 plants in the plants undergoing single plant self-pollination is selected from each selected line, and the pollen is mixed according to the selected line, and the pollen is respectively pollinated on the silks of the fruit ears of 8 to 10 test varieties to obtain a hybrid combination; After the marked ears are self-pollinated, the cooking quality is tasted 22 days and 28 days respectively, and the selected line S4 with the cooking quality greater than 58.0 points in two cooking quality tests is retained to obtain the selected line suitable for combination with fresh food and long harvest period; The remaining self-pollinated ears of the selected lines suitable for combination with fresh food and long harvest period are retained, and after harvest, 1 to 2 lines are retained for each selection through indoor seedling transplanting to obtain the selected line S5 with long harvest period; Step 3: Planting the long-harvest period selected line S5 obtained in step 2 in the field, self-pollinating 8 to 10 ears per plant of each selected line of the long-harvest period selected line S5, marking 2 ears among them, and recording the pollination time; After the marked ears are self-pollinated and pollinated, the cooking quality is tasted respectively, and the remaining self-pollinated ears corresponding to the long-harvest period selection line S5 with cooking quality greater than 58.0 points twice are retained. After harvesting, they are seeded indoors to obtain the selection line S6; At the same time, for the hybrid combination obtained by the combination corresponding to the selected lines suitable for combination for fresh food with a long harvest period in the field planting step 2, 2 ears of each hybrid combination are selected for bagging and pollination, and the pollination time is recorded. The cooking quality is tasted 22 days and 28 days after self-pollination; at the same time, 25 days after silking and pollination, the remaining unbagged self-pollinated ears of the hybrid combination are harvested, and the seeding and fresh ear yield are measured, and the hybrid combination with good cooking quality and high fresh ear yield 22 days and 28 days after pollination is selected as a high-yield, high-quality and long-harvest period combination; Step 4. Compound the selected line S6 obtained in step 3 with the high-yield, high-quality and long harvest period combination obtained in step 3, conduct multi-year multi-point variety comparison tests, screen out hybrid combinations with good adaptability, annual stability and long fresh harvest period, participate in regional trials and approvals at all levels, obtain approved fresh-eating glutinous corn varieties, and carry out demonstration and promotion.
2. The method for prolonging the fresh-eating harvest period of waxy corn varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fresh glutinous corn basic population material S0 described in step one includes Jinnuo 691, Changnuo 100, Caitiannuo 627, Bainuo 3000, Jiangnanyu No. 5, Xinghehuatiannuo, Zhunuo No. 9, Fenghai Shuijingnuo, Jingkenuo 609, Haixiangnuo 18, Yuhei Nuo 600, Yuebainuo No. 6, Guobennuo No. 1 and Wannuo 2000.
3. The method for prolonging the fresh-eating harvest period of waxy corn varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the selected lines S4 planted in step 2 has 32 plants.
4. The method for prolonging the fresh-eating harvest period of waxy corn varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test varieties described in step 2 are waxy corn inbred lines, and the line names are N151, ZN06-1, N183, N23-2, N13259, N1325-911121, N325-921111, N1326, N1326-10-12111, and N1326-10-12121.
5. The method for prolonging the fresh-eating harvest period of waxy corn varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the long harvest period selection line S5 has 24 plants per line.
6. The method for prolonging the fresh-eating harvest period of waxy corn varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the multi-year and multi-point variety comparison test described in step 4, the multi-year period is 2 years and the multi-point period is 5 test points; in the multi-year regional trial test, the multi-year period is 2 years.
7. The method for prolonging the fresh-eating harvest period of waxy corn varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fresh-edible glutinous corn variety approved in step 4 has a fresh-edible harvest period of 22 to 28 days after pollination.