Sheep feed based on silage tea residue, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a sheep feed based on silage tea residue, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of Hu sheep feed. The sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention can reduce the lignin content in the tea residue through silage treatment, release soluble sugars and tea polyphenols, and effectively remove or reduce the adverse effects of harmful substances in the tea residue; by partially replacing straw and rice straw with silage tea residue and adding NCG at the same time, the silage tea residue and NCG can produce a synergistic effect, which can significantly improve the feeding appetite, nitrogen metabolism capacity and digestion performance of Hu sheep, effectively promote the growth performance and slaughter performance of Hu sheep, and thus increase the total profit of Hu sheep, and has good application prospects; it is of great significance for realizing the resource utilization of tea residue, improving the economic added value of the tea industry and avoiding environmental pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Hu sheep feed, and in particular to a sheep feed based on silage tea residues, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tea waste refers to the solid organic waste generated during the production, processing, sale, and consumption of tea. This waste primarily includes discarded tea leaves after soaking and extraction during deep processing, unsaleable, rough, and aged tea produced during sales, and secondary teas produced during processing (accounting for approximately 10% of total finished tea production). my country is the world's major tea producer and consumer, producing approximately 50% of the global tea output. An estimated 1 million tons of tea waste is generated annually. Utilizing this waste as a resource is crucial for increasing the economic value of the tea industry and preventing environmental pollution.

[0003] Tea waste contains numerous nutrients and medicinal properties, including protein, fat, crude fiber, polysaccharides, tea polyphenols, tea saponins, vitamins, and minerals. These ingredients give tea waste a wide range of potential uses and value. However, alkaloids such as theophylline and caffeine found in tea waste can damage soil organic matter, reducing soil fertility and potentially negatively impact the digestive systems of animals. For example, chickens fed tea waste can experience nutritional imbalances and digestive issues. Furthermore, tea oil and other ingredients found in tea waste can also negatively impact the digestive systems of certain animals.

[0004] Traditional roughage for Hu sheep mainly consists of corn stalks, silage corn, etc. Nowadays, some feeds are supplemented with Chinese herbal medicines or fermented products to improve their nutrition. For example, some technologies try to use Chinese medicine residues (such as Citrus aurantium, honeysuckle residue, etc.) instead of grass. So far, there have been no reports of adding tea residues to Hu sheep feed.

[0005] N-Carbamylglutamate, abbreviated as NCG, is a nitrogen-containing organic compound with a structure similar to N-acetylglutamate (NAG). It can be used as a substitute to activate carbamyl phosphate synthetase and promote the endogenous synthesis of arginine. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a sheep feed based on silage tea residue, a preparation method and application thereof, so as to provide a Hu sheep feed with high feed conversion rate, low cost and effective improvement of the growth performance and slaughter performance of Hu sheep.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a sheep feed based on silage tea residue, wherein the addition amount of silage tea residue is 8-12% of the total mass, the addition amount of carbamylglutamate is 0.07-0.2% of the total mass, the addition amount of yellow corn stalk is 22-26% of the total mass, and the addition amount of rice straw is 3-6% of the total mass;

[0008] The sheep feed also includes the following components in percentage by mass:

[0009] Tofu dregs 9-13%, oats 9-13%, corn 13-18%, bran 9-13%, soybean meal 5-9%, rapeseed cake 2-6%, premix 0.6-1.2%, calcium bicarbonate 0.2-0.6%, salt 0.3-0.7%;

[0010] The preparation method of silage tea residue is as follows:

[0011] The tea residue is dried and crushed, and then cellulase is added for enzymatic hydrolysis. Then water, urea and molasses are added in sequence. After mixing evenly, a composite bacterial agent is inoculated and anaerobically fermented. After the fermentation is completed, the moisture content is adjusted to the storage standard.

[0012] Preferably, the sheep feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

[0013] Corn stalks 24%, rice straw 6%, silage tea residue 10%, tofu residue 9.9%, oats 10%, corn 16%, bran 10%, soybean meal 8%, rapeseed cake 4%, premix 1.0%, calcium bicarbonate 0.5%, salt 0.5%, carbamylglutamate 0.10%.

[0014] Preferably, the premix contains the following components: VA 190000 IU / kg, VE 900 mg / kg, VD3 81000 mg / kg, Se 16.6 mg / kg, I 100 mg / kg, Cu 600 mg / kg, Mn 1582 mg / kg, Zn 900.8 mg / kg, and Co 40 mg / kg.

[0015] Application of silage tea residue and carbamylglutamic acid in preparing sheep feed.

[0016] A method for preparing the above-mentioned sheep feed based on silage tea residue comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1. Prepare silage tea residues by drying and crushing them, adding cellulase for enzymolysis, then adding urea and molasses in sequence, mixing them well, inoculating a composite bacterial agent, and adjusting the moisture content to the storage standard after anaerobic fermentation;

[0018] S2. Prepare concentrated feed by mixing crushed oats, corn, bran, soybean meal, rapeseed cake, and bean curd residue in proportion, adding premix, calcium bicarbonate, salt, and finally carbamylglutamate, and stirring to mix thoroughly;

[0019] S3. Mix the crushed yellow corn stalks and rice straw, the silage tea residue prepared in S1, and the concentrated feed prepared in S2 in proportion.

[0020] Preferably, the mass ratio of the crushed tea residue in S1: cellulase, urea, molasses: composite bacterial agent is 100:0.5:2:1:5; the composite bacterial agent is prepared by compounding Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0021] Preferably, the cellulase enzymatic hydrolysis in S1 is carried out at 40°C for 24 hours; and the anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 31.7°C for 5-7 days.

[0022] Application of the above-mentioned sheep feed based on silage tea residue in Hu sheep breeding.

[0023] Therefore, the present invention provides a sheep feed based on silage tea residue, and its preparation method and application, and its specific technical effects are as follows:

[0024] (1) The sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention can reduce the lignin content in the tea residue through silage treatment, release soluble sugars and tea polyphenols, and effectively remove or reduce the adverse effects of harmful substances in the tea residue;

[0025] (2) The sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention partially replaces straw and rice straw with silage tea residue and adds NCG at the same time. The silage tea residue and NCG can produce a synergistic effect, which can significantly improve the feeding appetite, nitrogen metabolism capacity, and digestion performance of Hu sheep, effectively promote the growth performance and slaughter performance of Hu sheep, and thus improve the total profit of Hu sheep, and has good application prospects;

[0026] (3) The sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention is of great significance for realizing resource utilization of tea residue, improving the economic added value of the tea industry and avoiding environmental pollution. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, more thorough and complete, the technical scheme of the present invention is clearly and completely described below by way of examples. The following detailed description is the description of the embodiments, and is intended to provide further details of the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all technical terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the application belongs.

[0029] The Hu sheep used in the examples were purchased from Hangzhou Caiyang Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd.; conventional feed was prepared based on the "Meat Sheep Feeding Standard" (NY / T816-2016) of my country and combined with local production practices; NCG was purchased from Hubei Meiba New Materials Co., Ltd. in the form of a white powder with an active ingredient content of 95%; tea residue was purchased from Hangzhou Mingbao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0030] Bacillus subtilis activity ≥ 20×10 9 CFU / g; Candida viability ≥8×10 9 CFU / mL (liquid inoculum); Aspergillus niger activity ≥1×10 9 Spores / g (spore suspension).

[0031] Example 1

[0032] Preparation of sheep feed based on silage tea residues, the specific steps are as follows:

[0033] (1) Preparation of silage tea residue: Dry the tea residue to a moisture content of 45%, take 150 kg, crush it to 2-3 mm, add 0.75 kg of cellulase (0.5% of the weight of the tea residue with a moisture content of 45%), and pre-hydrolyze it at 40°C for 24 hours. After hydrolysis, add water to adjust the moisture content to 65%, add 3 kg of urea (2% of the weight of the tea residue with a moisture content of 45%) and 1.5 kg of molasses (1% of the weight of the tea residue with a moisture content of 45%), mix well, and inoculate 7.5 kg of composite microbial agent (inoculation amount 5%, the composite microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 2:1:1), and ferment it anaerobically at 31.7°C for 5 days, controlling the pH value to 4.0-4.5. After fermentation, air it to a moisture content of 15%.

[0034] (2) Preparation of concentrated feed: Dry the tofu residue to a moisture content of 10%. Dry and grind the oats, corn, bran, soybean meal, and rapeseed cake to 2-3 mm. Pass the carbamoylglutamate through a 60-mesh sieve. Mix 16.50% tofu residue, 16.67% oats, 26.67% corn, 16.67% bran, 13.33% soybean meal, and 6.67% rapeseed cake. Add 1.66% premix, 0.83% calcium bicarbonate, and 0.83% salt. Finally, add 0.17% carbamoylglutamate (NCG). Stir to ensure that the NCG is evenly mixed and seal for storage.

[0035] (3) Preparation of sheep feed: Take dried corn stalks and rice straw that have been dried to a moisture content of 15% and crush them into 2-3 cm pieces. Evenly mix the corn stalks, rice straw, silage tea residue and concentrated feed in a ratio of 24%, 6%, 10% and 60% and set aside.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] Preparation of Huyang Feed 2, the specific steps are as follows:

[0038] (1) Preparation of concentrated feed: Dry the tofu residue to a moisture content of 10%. Dry and grind the oats, corn, bran, soybean meal, and rapeseed cake to 2-3 mm. Pass the carbamylglutamate through a 60-mesh sieve. Mix 16.50% tofu residue, 16.67% oats, 26.67% corn, 16.67% bran, 13.33% soybean meal, and 6.67% rapeseed cake. Add 1.66% premix, 0.83% calcium bicarbonate, and 0.83% salt. Finally, add 0.17% NCG. Stir for 10 minutes to ensure that the NCG is evenly distributed, then seal and store.

[0039] (2) Preparation of sheep feed: Take the yellow corn stalks and rice straw that have been dried to a moisture content of 15% and crush them into 2-3 cm; mix the yellow corn stalks, rice straw and concentrated feed in the proportion of 25%, 15% and 60% and use them.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] Preparation of Huyang Feed 3, the specific steps are as follows:

[0042] (1) Preparation of silage tea residue: Dry the tea residue to a moisture content of 45%, take 150 kg, crush it to 2-3 mm, add 0.75 kg of cellulase (0.5% of the weight of the tea residue with a moisture content of 45%), and pre-hydrolyze it at 40°C for 24 hours. After hydrolysis, add water to adjust the moisture content to 65%, add 3 kg of urea (2% of the weight of the tea residue with a moisture content of 45%) and 1.5 kg of molasses (1% of the weight of the tea residue with a moisture content of 45%), mix well, and inoculate 7.5 kg of composite microbial agent (inoculation amount 5%, composed of Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 2:1:1), and ferment it anaerobically at 31.7°C for 5 days, controlling the pH value to 4.0-4.5. After fermentation, air it to a moisture content of 15%.

[0043] (2) Preparation of concentrated feed: Dry the tofu residue to a moisture content of 10%. Dry and grind the oats, corn, bran, soybean meal, and rapeseed cake to 2-3 mm. Mix them in a ratio of 16.67% tofu residue, 16.67% oats, 26.67% corn, 16.67% bran, 13.33% soybean meal, and 6.67% rapeseed cake. Add 1.66% premix, 0.83% calcium bicarbonate, and 0.83% salt. Stir for 10 minutes to ensure that all components are evenly distributed, then seal and store.

[0044] (3) Preparation of sheep feed: Take dried corn stalks and rice straw that have been dried to a moisture content of 15% and crush them into 2-3 cm pieces. Mix the corn stalks, rice straw, silage tea residue and concentrated feed in the proportions of 24%, 6%, 10% and 60% before use.

[0045] Example 4

[0046] The effects of the sheep feed prepared in Examples 1 to 3 on the growth of Hu sheep were investigated, as follows:

[0047] Twenty-four healthy, three-month-old male Hu sheep lambs with an average weight of (25.00 ± 0.5) kg were randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of six male Hu sheep. The experiment was conducted in Changhua Town, Lin'an District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. One group was fed a conventional diet (designated the control group), one group was fed the silage tea residue-based sheep feed prepared in Example 1 (designated Experimental Group 1), one group was fed Hu sheep Feed 2 (designated Experimental Group 2), and the final group was fed Hu sheep Feed 3 (designated Experimental Group 3). The experimental diet compositions are shown in Table 1, and the nutritional levels of the experimental diets are shown in Table 2.

[0048] Table 1

[0049] ;

[0050] Table 2

[0051] ;

[0052] 1) It means that each kilogram of premix also contains: VA 190000 IU, VE 900 mg, VD3 81000 mg, Se 16.6 mg, I 100 mg, Cu 600 mg, Mn 1582 mg, Zn 900.8 mg, Co 40 mg.

[0053] Each group of experimental sheep was raised in a semi-open sheep house. Before the start of the experiment, the pens were disinfected, dewormed and immunized according to routine procedures to ensure good ventilation and free drinking water.

[0054] (1) First, a 4-day pre-feeding period was carried out, during which the sheep were fed with regular feed at 8:00 and 16:00 every day to allow them to adapt to the environment. After the pre-feeding period, a 56-day formal experimental period was carried out. The fasting weight of the sheep in each group was weighed and recorded at 8:00 on the 0th day and 57th day of the formal experimental period. During the formal experimental period, each group of sheep was fed the corresponding feed twice a day at 8:00 and 16:00. The daily feeding amount was adjusted according to the amount of leftover feed from the previous day, so that there was a small amount of leftover feed in the trough every day to ensure the weight gain and satiety of the sheep. The feeding amount and leftover feed amount were weighed and recorded every day. The statistical results are shown in Table 3.

[0055] Table 3

[0056] ;

[0057] As can be seen from Table 3, the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention can significantly increase the daily feed intake of Hu sheep ( P <0.05, and significantly increased the daily weight gain of Hu sheep ( P <0.05), indicating that the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention not only improves the feeding appetite of Hu sheep, but also effectively promotes the growth performance of Hu sheep.

[0058] (2) After weighing, three sheep were randomly selected from each group and fasted for 24 hours and deprived of water for 12 hours before being slaughtered. After bleeding, the relevant indicators of slaughter performance were measured:

[0059] Carcass weight (kg): After slaughtering the animal and bleeding it, retain the lard and kidneys, remove the head, hooves, internal organs, fur, and lymph, and weigh it after leaving it for 30 minutes.

[0060] Back fat thickness (mm): Use a vernier caliper to measure the thickness of the fat layer between the 12th and 13th ribs, just above the middle of the eye muscle.

[0061] Eye muscle area: Use succinic acid paper to draw the outline of the cross section of the eye muscle on the spine between the 12th and 13th ribs on the back. Use the following formula to calculate the eye muscle area:

[0062] Eye muscle area (cm 2 ) = length × width × 0.7

[0063] The results of the determination of slaughter performance related indicators are shown in Table 4.

[0064] Table 4

[0065] ;

[0066] As can be seen from Table 4, the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention can significantly increase the carcass weight of Hu sheep ( P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in live weight, backfat thickness, eye muscle area and slaughter rate between the control group and the control group, indicating that the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention can improve the slaughter performance of Hu sheep.

[0067] (3) The remaining Hu sheep in each group were transferred to metabolic cages for digestion and metabolism experiments. During the experiment, feed was provided at 08:00 and 16:00 every day. The amount of feed and leftover feed for each sheep was recorded every day to determine the daily dry matter intake. The actual feces output was collected and recorded using the full feces collection method. Feces were collected and weighed once every 12 hours. Samples were collected at 10% of the actual output and 10% dilute sulfuric acid was added to fix nitrogen at 10% of the feces weight. The feces samples of each sheep for 3 days were mixed and stored frozen at -20℃ for later inspection and analysis. At the same time, feed samples were taken for subsequent component determination.

[0068] With reference to the book "Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Testing Technology" edited by Zhang Liying, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and other conventional nutrients in the samples were determined, and the following formula was used to calculate the effects of Hu sheep on nitrogen metabolism rate and nutrient apparent digestibility. The results of the investigation on the effect on nitrogen metabolism rate are shown in Table 5, and the effects on nutrient apparent digestibility are shown in Table 6.

[0069] Ingested nitrogen = nitrogen content in feed (%) × daily feed intake (g / d) × (1 / 100);

[0070] Fecal nitrogen = nitrogen content in fecal sample (%) × daily fecal excretion (g / d) × (1 / 100);

[0071] Urine nitrogen = urine nitrogen concentration (g / L) × daily urine output (L / d);

[0072] Apparent digestible nitrogen = ingested nitrogen - fecal nitrogen;

[0073] Apparent digestibility of nitrogen = ingested nitrogen / apparent digestible nitrogen × 100%;

[0074] Nitrogen deposition = ingested nitrogen - (fecal nitrogen + urine nitrogen);

[0075] Nitrogen deposition rate = ingested nitrogen / nitrogen deposition × 100%;

[0076] Table 5

[0077] ;

[0078] Table 6

[0079] ;

[0080] As can be seen from Table 5, the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention can significantly increase the daily nitrogen deposition amount and nitrogen deposition rate of Hu sheep ( P<0.05), indicating that the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention can improve the nitrogen metabolism ability of Hu sheep.

[0081] As can be seen from Table 6, the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention can significantly improve the dry matter digestibility of Hu sheep ( P <0.05), improving the digestive performance of Hu sheep.

[0082] (4) Calculate the total profit of each Hu sheep using the following formula:

[0083] Weight gain benefit = weight gain × live sheep price;

[0084] Profit = weight gain - feed cost - other costs.

[0085] The results are shown in Table 7.

[0086] Table 7

[0087] ;

[0088] Note: Other expenses include labor costs and drug costs, calculated at an average of 0.62 yuan per day.

[0089] It can be seen from the data in Table 7 that the Hu sheep group fed with the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention, although the feed cost increased due to the increase in daily feed intake, the increase in the average total weight gain of the group increased the weight gain income after Hu sheep breeding, thereby increasing the total profit.

[0090] Therefore, the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention can reduce the lignin content in the tea residue through silage treatment, release soluble sugars and tea polyphenols, and effectively remove or reduce the adverse effects of harmful substances in the tea residue; by partially replacing straw and rice straw with silage tea residue and adding NCG at the same time, silage tea residue and NCG can produce a synergistic effect, which can significantly improve the feeding appetite, nitrogen metabolism ability, and digestion performance of Hu sheep, effectively promote the growth performance and slaughter performance of Hu sheep, and thus improve the total profit of Hu sheep, and has good application prospects; it is of great significance for realizing the resource utilization of tea residue, enhancing the economic added value of the tea industry and avoiding environmental pollution.

[0091] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solutions of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sheep feed based on silage tea residue, characterized by: The addition amount of silage tea residue is 8-12% of the total mass, the addition amount of carbamylglutamic acid is 0.07-0.2% of the total mass, the addition amount of yellow corn straw is 22-26% of the total mass, and the addition amount of rice straw is 3-6% of the total mass; The sheep feed also includes the following components in percentage by mass: Tofu dregs 9-13%, oats 9-13%, corn 13-18%, bran 9-13%, soybean meal 5-9%, rapeseed cake 2-6%, premix 0.6-1.2%, calcium bicarbonate 0.2-0.6%, salt 0.3-0.7%; The preparation method of silage tea residue is as follows: The tea residue is dried and crushed, and then cellulase is added for enzymatic hydrolysis. Then water, urea and molasses are added in sequence, mixed evenly and inoculated with a composite bacterial agent. Anaerobic fermentation is carried out, and after the fermentation is completed, the moisture content is adjusted to the storage standard. The premix contains the following components: VA 190000 IU / kg, VE 900 mg / kg, VD3 81000 mg / kg, Se16.6 mg / kg, I 100 mg / kg, Cu 600 mg / kg, Mn 1582 mg / kg, Zn 900.8 mg / kg, and Co 40 mg / kg.

2. The sheep feed based on silage tea residue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sheep feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: Corn stalks 24%, rice straw 6%, silage tea residue 10%, tofu residue 9.9%, oats 10%, corn 16%, bran 10%, soybean meal 8%, rapeseed cake 4%, premix 1.0%, calcium bicarbonate 0.5%, salt 0.5%, carbamylglutamate 0.10%.

3. Use of silage tea residue and carbamylglutamate in preparing a sheep feed based on silage tea residue as claimed in claim 1 or 2.

4. A method for preparing sheep feed based on silage tea residue according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Prepare silage tea residues by drying and crushing them, adding cellulase for enzymolysis, then adding urea and molasses in sequence, mixing them well, inoculating a composite bacterial agent, and adjusting the moisture content to the storage standard after anaerobic fermentation; S2. Prepare concentrated feed by mixing crushed oats, corn, bran, soybean meal, rapeseed cake, and bean curd residue in proportion, adding premix, calcium bicarbonate, salt, and finally carbamylglutamate, and stirring to mix thoroughly; S3. Mix the crushed yellow corn stalks and rice straw, the silage tea residue prepared in S1, and the concentrated feed prepared in S2 in proportion.

5. The method for preparing sheep feed based on silage tea residue according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the crushed tea leaves, cellulase, urea, molasses, and compound bacterial agent in S1 is 100:0.5:2:1:5; the compound bacterial agent is prepared by compounding Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 2:1:

1.

6. The method for preparing sheep feed based on silage tea residue according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S1, the cellulase enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 40°C for 24 hours, and the anaerobic fermentation was carried out at 31.7°C for 5-7 days.

7. Use of the sheep feed based on silage tea residue according to any one of claims 1 to 2 in Hu sheep breeding.