A slag-containing liquid clarifying device and a slag-containing liquid treatment system

Abstract

The application discloses a slag-containing liquid clarifying device and a slag-containing liquid treatment system. A driving unit of the device is located above a cover plate, a centrifugal unit is located below the cover plate, the driving unit is connected with the centrifugal unit through a transmission shaft unit, and the driving unit is used for driving the centrifugal unit to rotate. The centrifugal unit is internally provided with a cavity, a flow outlet is formed in a lower end of the cavity, a feeding unit is located below the cover plate and is communicated with the cavity of the centrifugal unit, the feeding unit is used for feeding the slag-containing liquid into the cavity of the centrifugal unit, the centrifugal unit can separate clear liquid and slag when rotating, and the slag is adhered to a side wall of the cavity, and the clear liquid is discharged from the flow outlet in the lower end. The device can clarify and treat radioactive slag-containing liquid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention specifically relates to a clarification device for slag-containing liquid and a treatment system for slag-containing liquid. Background Technology

[0002] After nuclear fuel is dissolved, a large amount of insoluble solid debris is generated. Before processing, these insoluble slags need to be removed by liquid clarification equipment to ensure that they do not clog subsequent processing equipment.

[0003] However, the resulting molten nuclear fuel mixture is highly radioactive, placing the clarification equipment in a strong radioactive atmosphere. Prolonged exposure to this radioactive environment can cause radiation damage to the equipment, severely impacting its operational capacity and lifespan. Existing clarification equipment is unsuitable for radioactive environments and therefore cannot clarify radioactive slag-containing molten fuel. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art by providing a slag-containing liquid clarification device and a slag-containing liquid treatment system, wherein the slag-containing liquid clarification device is capable of clarifying radioactive slag-containing liquid.

[0005] According to an embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention, a clarification device for slag-containing liquid is provided, comprising: a cover plate, a drive unit, a centrifugal unit, and a feeding unit; the drive unit is located above the cover plate, the centrifugal unit is located below the cover plate, the drive unit is connected to the centrifugal unit via a transmission shaft unit for driving the centrifugal unit to rotate, the transmission shaft unit passing through the cover plate; the centrifugal unit has a cavity inside, and an outlet is opened at the lower end of the cavity; the feeding unit is located below the cover plate, the feeding unit is connected to the cavity of the centrifugal unit, and the feeding unit is used to deliver slag-containing liquid into the cavity of the centrifugal unit; when the centrifugal unit rotates, it can separate the clear liquid and the slag, and cause the slag to adhere to the side wall of the cavity, while the clear liquid is discharged from the outlet at the lower end.

[0006] Preferably, the device further includes an air blowing unit, there is a gap between the side wall of the drive shaft unit and the cover plate, the air blowing unit is located above the cover plate and facing the gap, the air blowing unit is used to blow air into the gap, and the airflow generated by blowing air is downward.

[0007] Preferably, the outlet at the lower end of the centrifugal unit is constricted.

[0008] Preferably, the drive shaft unit includes a first shaft segment and a second shaft segment. The first shaft segment is located above the second shaft segment. Both the first shaft segment and the second shaft segment extend in a vertical direction, and their central axes are on the same extension line. The output end of the drive unit is connected to the first shaft segment. The first shaft segment is located above the cover plate. The second shaft segment passes through the cover plate and is connected to the upper end of the centrifugal unit. The lower end of the first shaft segment is detachably connected to the upper end of the second shaft segment.

[0009] Preferably, the feeding unit includes a feeding pipe that extends vertically, with its central axis aligned with the central axis of the centrifugal unit. The feeding pipe passes through the outlet, and its upper half is housed within the cavity of the centrifugal unit. An outlet is provided on the side wall of the upper end of the feeding pipe, facing the side wall of the cavity, for feeding slag-containing liquid into the cavity.

[0010] Preferably, there are multiple discharge ports, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the feeding pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the device further includes a water collection hopper, which is located below the cover plate and connected to the lower end face of the cover plate. The water collection hopper has a receiving cavity inside, in which the centrifugal unit is housed. The inner sidewall of the water collection hopper is used to collect and guide the clear liquid discharged from the centrifugal unit. The lower end of the water collection hopper has a clear liquid outlet, and the clear liquid is guided through the sidewall of the water collection hopper to the clear liquid outlet for discharge.

[0012] Preferably, the lower end of the water collecting hopper is further provided with a guide slope, the clear liquid outlet is located on one side of the guide slope, the first end of the guide slope is the end away from the clear liquid outlet, the second end is the end close to the clear liquid outlet, the height of the guide slope gradually decreases from the first end to the second end, and the guide slope is used to guide the clear liquid to the clear liquid outlet for discharge.

[0013] Preferably, the device further includes a rinsing unit located below the centrifuge unit and penetrating the guide slope of the water collection hopper. The rinsing unit is connected to the cavity of the centrifuge unit and is used to rinse the side wall of the cavity and discharge the slag-containing wastewater generated during rinsing from the centrifuge unit.

[0014] Preferably, the rinsing unit includes a rinsing water pipe and a receiving hopper. The receiving hopper is located directly below the outlet of the centrifuge unit and passes through the guide slope of the water collection hopper. Both the rinsing water pipe and the feeding pipe pass through the receiving hopper and extend upward into the cavity of the centrifuge unit. The side wall of the rinsing water pipe has multiple water outlets arranged along the axial direction of the rinsing water pipe. All water outlets face the inner wall of the centrifuge unit cavity. The rinsing water pipe is used to spray high-pressure water onto the inner wall of the cavity to flush down the slag adhering to the inner wall of the cavity. The slag-containing wastewater generated during rinsing is discharged through the receiving hopper.

[0015] Preferably, the upper end of the receiving hopper is provided with a liquid receiving port and the lower end is provided with a slag and water outlet. The cross-sectional area of ​​the liquid receiving port is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet, so as to receive the slag-containing wastewater generated during rinsing.

[0016] According to an embodiment of a second aspect of the present invention, a slag-containing liquid treatment system is provided, comprising a floor slab, a first region, a second region, and the aforementioned slag-containing liquid clarification device. The floor slab is located between the first region and the second region. A liquid container is placed in the second region. The liquid container is used to store slag-containing liquid generated from the dissolution of nuclear fuel. The cover plate of the slag-containing liquid clarification device is installed on the floor slab. The feeding unit of the slag-containing liquid clarification device is connected to the liquid container and is used to centrifuge the slag-containing liquid. The slag-containing liquid is a radioactive slag-containing liquid.

[0017] The slag-containing liquid clarification device of this invention drives a centrifugal unit to rotate at high speed via a drive unit, and then sprays the radioactive slag-containing liquid onto the inner wall of the cavity through a feed pipe. When the centrifugal unit rotates at high speed, the centrifugal force generated is much greater than gravity, pushing the liquid and solid particles outward from the centrifugal unit. In this situation, the slag-containing liquid is subjected to the outward centrifugal force, thus pushing the slag-containing liquid onto the side wall of the rotor instead of falling directly downward. In the centrifugal unit, because the density of solid particles (i.e., slag) is greater than that of liquid, the centrifugal force causes them to settle towards the outer wall, forming precipitates adhering to the inner wall of the cavity. As the liquid in the cavity increases, the separated clear liquid overflows from the lower outlet of the cavity and, under the action of centrifugal force, is thrown into the water collection hopper, and then enters the downstream process via the guide slope and the clear liquid outlet.

[0018] Furthermore, during high-speed rotation, liquid and solid particles separate into layers. Due to their higher density, solid particles move outwards under centrifugal force, while the liquid remains relatively clear in the central region, thus achieving separation. The centrifuge unit is designed with fluid dynamics and the principles of centrifugal separation in mind. Its lower outlet is constricted, and this narrowing of the outlet structure (such as an inverted cone design) helps maintain the separation between solid particles and liquid, allowing the preferential discharge of the clear liquid in the central part of the centrifuge unit.

[0019] Furthermore, this device separates the drive unit (e.g., an automatic drive device such as a motor) from the centrifugal unit using a cover and a shielding plug. The centrifugal unit is used to separate highly radioactive slag-containing liquid materials. This design prevents the highly radioactive atmosphere in the centrifugal unit from contaminating the drive unit, thus avoiding problems such as reduced lifespan or even failure of the drive unit. Moreover, this connection also ensures that the structure below the cover is entirely mechanical, without electronic components or control equipment, making it robust, durable, and requiring minimal maintenance. The area above the cover is a low-radioactive atmosphere zone, and the area below is a high-radioactive atmosphere zone. This allows personnel to perform maintenance and repairs directly in the low-radioactive atmosphere zone without entering the high-radioactive atmosphere zone, effectively protecting personnel safety.

[0020] Therefore, this slag-containing liquid clarification device can clarify slag-containing liquid and separate the clear liquid from the slag, and is especially suitable for treating radioactive slag-containing liquid. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slag-containing liquid clarification device in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 These are schematic diagrams of the upper shaft system in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the first shaft segment and the second shaft segment in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1-Drive unit, 11-Drive motor, 2-Fixed bracket, 3-Transmission shaft unit, 31-Coupling, 32-Upper shaft system, 321-First shaft section, 322-Support plate, 323-Sleeve, 324-Locking nut, 33-Second shaft section, 34-Nut, 35-Bolt, 4-Centrifugal unit, 41-Cavity, 42-Outlet, 5-Feeding unit, 51-Feeding pipe, 6-Vibration damping unit, 61-Vibration damping seat, 62-Sphere, 63-Spherical shell, 64-Rubber spring, 7-Water collection hopper, 71-Containing cavity, 72-Clear liquid outlet, 73-Guide slope, 8-Flushing unit, 81-Flushing water pipe, 82-Receiving hopper, 83-Slag water outlet, 9-Cover plate. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without creative effort are within the scope of the invention.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "upstream", "downstream", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience and simplification of the description and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0027] In the description of this invention, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "setting," "installation," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0029] First, it should be noted that nuclear fuel produces a large amount of insoluble solid debris after dissolution. Before processing, these insoluble slags need to be removed using a liquid clarification device to ensure that they do not clog subsequent processing equipment.

[0030] Specifically, in the nuclear fuel processing, uranium nitride, uranium oxide, and other nuclear fuels first undergo a series of technological steps, including dissolution, separation, and purification. The dissolution reaction is a crucial step in converting solid nuclear fuel into a liquid form, a process typically carried out in a specific chemical solvent. While the dissolution process effectively releases the soluble components of the nuclear fuel, it also generates a large amount of insoluble solid debris. This solid debris mainly consists of undissolved nuclear fuel residue, reaction products, and other impurities, which must be effectively removed before further processing to ensure the smooth operation of subsequent processes.

[0031] Furthermore, in nuclear fuel processing, the clarification process must be closely integrated with other procedures to form a complete workflow system. After clarification, the liquid can be sent to subsequent extraction, concentration, and separation processes to further extract the desired soluble components from the solution. Simultaneously, regular maintenance and monitoring of the clarification equipment are necessary to ensure its continued high efficiency during operation. Through this series of processes, the impact of insoluble solid debris can be minimized, thereby improving the safety and effectiveness of nuclear fuel processing.

[0032] The presence of insoluble solid debris poses several challenges to the entire nuclear fuel processing process. First, these fine particles can clog subsequent processing equipment, affecting liquid flow and equipment operation. For example, during liquid transfer and separation, debris may deposit in pipes and filters, leading to reduced flow or complete blockage, thus delaying production and increasing maintenance costs. Second, the presence of insoluble solid debris can negatively impact subsequent separation and purification stages, resulting in decreased purity of the final product and even affecting safety and environmental controllability.

[0033] To effectively remove these insoluble sludge particles, specialized clarification equipment is typically required. The main function of clarification equipment is to settle or filter out solid particles from a liquid, thereby purifying the liquid. Common clarification techniques include gravity sedimentation, filtration, and centrifugal separation. Existing clarification devices for sludge-containing liquids mostly employ centrifugal separation. The working principle involves continuously feeding the liquid into a high-speed rotating chamber. The centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation separates the sludge particles with density differences from the liquid. After separation, the clear liquid, free of sludge, overflows with the continuous injection of liquid, while the sludge adheres to the inner wall of the chamber. After one batch of liquid has been clarified, high-pressure water is used to wash away the sludge adhering to the inside of the chamber. Its advantages include continuous operation, large processing capacity, and a high level of automation.

[0034] However, existing slag-containing liquid clarification devices are not suitable for use in radioactive environments. This is because radioactive atmospheres are prone to leakage during centrifugation, and the power source is easily contaminated by radioactive atmospheres, leading to problems such as failure.

[0035] This invention proposes a clarification device for radioactive slag-containing liquid, specifically involving a device that uses high-speed centrifugal force to separate solids and liquids in a radioactive slag-containing liquid (with slag particles ranging from 1µm to 10µm in diameter) and then washes the slag with pressurized water. Considering the radioactive environment, this invention places the power source, vibration damping mechanism, and monitoring system for the clarification outside the equipment chamber. The drive shaft transmits power to the chamber through a shielding plug, preventing atmosphere leakage. In case of malfunction, personnel can remotely replace the chamber from inside the equipment chamber.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] Please see Figure 1 The present invention discloses a clarification device for slag-containing liquid, including a cover plate 9, a drive unit 1, a centrifugation unit 4 and a feeding unit 5.

[0038] The drive unit 1 is located above the cover plate 9, and the centrifugal unit 4 is located below the cover plate 9. The drive unit 1 is connected to the centrifugal unit 4 via a transmission shaft unit 3 and is used to drive the centrifugal unit 4 to rotate. The transmission shaft unit 3 passes through the cover plate 9. The centrifugal unit 4 has a cavity 41 inside, and an outlet 42 is opened at the lower end of the cavity 41. The feeding unit 5 is located below the cover plate 9 and is connected to the cavity 41 of the centrifugal unit 4. The feeding unit 5 is used to transport the liquid containing slag into the cavity 41 of the centrifugal unit 4. When the centrifugal unit 4 rotates, it can separate the clear liquid and the slag, and make the slag adhere to the side wall of the cavity 41, while the clear liquid is discharged from the outlet 42 at the lower end.

[0039] It should be noted that this device drives the centrifugal unit 4 to rotate at high speed via the drive unit 1, and then sprays the radioactive slag-containing liquid into the inner wall of the cavity 41 through the feed pipe 51. When the centrifugal unit 4 rotates at high speed, the centrifugal force generated is much greater than gravity, which pushes the liquid and solid particles to the outside of the centrifugal unit 4. In this case, the slag-containing liquid is subjected to the outward centrifugal force, which pushes the slag-containing liquid onto the side wall of the rotor instead of it falling directly downwards. In the centrifugal unit 4, since the density of solid particles (i.e., slag) is greater than that of liquid, the centrifugal force causes them to settle towards the outer wall, forming a precipitate attached to the inner wall of the cavity 41. As the liquid in the cavity 41 increases, the separated clear liquid overflows from the lower outlet 42 and enters the downstream process.

[0040] In addition, this device is installed on cover plate 9, which is cast and connected to the floor slab, serving as the installation foundation for the liquid clarification device. The first region (low-radioactive atmosphere region) is located above cover plate 9, and the second region (low-radioactive atmosphere region) is located below cover plate 9. The second region is the equipment room, which is used to generate radioactive liquid; therefore, a strong radioactive atmosphere exists inside the equipment room. Cover plate 9 has a connecting hole that extends vertically and penetrates through cover plate 9.

[0041] A fixed bracket 2 is mounted on the upper surface of the cover plate 9. A drive unit 1 is located above the cover plate 9 and mounted on the fixed bracket 2, while a centrifuge unit 4 is located below the cover plate 9. Specifically, the drive unit 1 includes a drive motor 11. The drive motor 11 is mounted on the upper surface of the cover plate 9 via the fixed bracket 2 and connected to the centrifuge unit 4 via a transmission shaft unit 3, for driving the centrifuge unit 4 to rotate. A shielding plug is provided in the middle of the transmission shaft unit 3, located within a connecting hole, for sealing the gap between the transmission shaft and the connecting hole to prevent leakage of radioactive atmosphere from the equipment chamber and the centrifuge unit 4.

[0042] The drive unit 1 (e.g., an automatic drive device such as a motor) and the centrifuge unit 4 are separated by a cover plate 9 and a shielding plug. The centrifuge unit 4 is used to separate highly radioactive slag-containing liquid materials. This separation method prevents the highly radioactive atmosphere in the centrifuge unit 4 from contaminating the drive unit 1, thus avoiding reduced lifespan or even failure of the drive unit 1. Furthermore, this connection method ensures that the structure below the cover plate 9 is entirely mechanical, without electronic components or control equipment, making it robust, durable, and requiring minimal maintenance. The area above the cover plate 9 is a low-radioactive atmosphere zone, while the area below is a high-radioactive atmosphere zone. This allows personnel to perform maintenance and repairs directly in the low-radioactive atmosphere zone without entering the high-radioactive atmosphere zone, effectively protecting personnel safety. The drive power supply, vibration damping system, and monitoring system are all located outdoors for easy routine maintenance.

[0043] A 10mm gap is left in the middle of the rotating shaft of the shielding plug to prevent the rotating shaft from colliding with the shielding plug when it rotates; and the air is backflushed to prevent the atmosphere in the equipment room from leaking out through the gap.

[0044] Specifically, the device also includes an air blowing unit. There is a gap between the side wall of the drive shaft unit 3 and the cover plate 9. The air blowing unit is located above the cover plate 9 and facing the gap. The air blowing unit is used to blow air into the gap. The airflow generated by the air blowing is downward to achieve back-blowing of the gas, thereby preventing the radioactive atmosphere from leaking out through the gap.

[0045] Therefore, this slag-containing liquid clarification device can clarify slag-containing liquids and separate the clear liquid from the slag, making it particularly suitable for treating radioactive slag-containing liquids. Furthermore, this device uses centrifugal force generated by a high-speed rotating cavity 41 for material separation, enabling continuous feeding, separation, and discharging operations with long operating times.

[0046] Please see Figure 1In some embodiments, the outlet 42 at the lower end of the centrifugal unit 4 is constricted, specifically in the form of an inverted cone. In this embodiment, the advantage of setting the outlet 42 as a constricted shape is that during the high-speed rotation of the centrifugal unit 4, the liquid and solid particles separate into layers. Due to their higher density, the solid particles move outwards under the influence of centrifugal force, while the liquid remains relatively clear in the central region, thus achieving a separation effect. The design of the centrifugal unit 4 takes into account the principles of fluid dynamics and centrifugal separation. The narrowing of its lower end structure (such as a conical design) helps to maintain the separation between solid particles and liquid, allowing the clear liquid in the central part of the rotor to be preferentially discharged. This device, through the structure of the outer sleeve and the receiving hopper 82, combined with the liquid movement path, achieves different liquid flow directions.

[0047] In other words, the centrifuge unit 4 has a cavity 41 inside, and an outlet 42 is opened at the lower end of the cavity 41. The entire centrifuge unit 4 is shaped like an open-topped cup (i.e., similar to an inverted cup). Moreover, the centrifuge unit 4 is wider at the top and gradually narrows at the bottom, as... Figure 1 As shown. The advantage of this is that it helps to form a concentrated sedimentation zone, allowing for more efficient separation of solid particles.

[0048] It should be noted that centrifugal force is related to rotational speed and rotor radius (i.e., centrifugal unit 4 mentioned above). A larger rotor radius results in greater centrifugal force at the same rotational speed. This means that solid particles can be thrown towards the outer wall more quickly, achieving effective separation. However, a larger rotor may face greater centrifugal force at high speeds, leading to vibration. Therefore, structural strength and dynamic balance must be considered in the design. The height of cavity 41 directly affects the flow path and residence time of the fluid within the rotor. An appropriate height can optimize liquid flow, enhance stratification, and improve separation efficiency. If the rotor cavity 41 is too low, solid particles may not settle sufficiently, resulting in poor separation; while if the height is too high, it may increase mixing between solid particles and the clarified liquid, making the separation process less efficient. Therefore, an ideal height-to-diameter ratio can optimize settling time. Considering the physical properties of the slag-containing liquid produced after nuclear fuel melting, the height-to-diameter (H / D) ratio of the centrifugal unit 4's cavity 41 can be between 0.7 and 1.1. For example, the ratio of height to diameter (H / D) can be 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, or 1.1. The diameter ranges from 80 to 100 cm, and the height ranges from 50 to 100 cm. Taking H / D = 0.9 as an example, the diameter and height of the cavity 41 of centrifuge unit 4 can be 80 cm and 72 cm, or 90 cm and 81 cm, or 100 cm and 90 cm, respectively.

[0049] Please continue reading. Figure 1In some embodiments, the drive shaft unit 3 includes a first shaft segment 321 and a second shaft segment 33. The first shaft segment 321 is located above the second shaft segment 33. Both the first shaft segment 321 and the second shaft segment 33 extend in a vertical direction, and the central axes of the first shaft segment 321 and the second shaft segment 33 are on the same extension line. The output end of the drive unit 1 is connected to the first shaft segment 321. The first shaft segment 321 is located above the cover plate 9. The second shaft segment 33 passes through the cover plate 9 and is connected to the upper end of the centrifugal unit 4. The lower end of the first shaft segment 321 is detachably connected to the upper end of the second shaft segment 33.

[0050] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the lower end of the first shaft segment 321 and the upper end of the second shaft segment 33 are connected by a flange structure and secured by nuts 34 and bolts 35. In this embodiment, the detachable connection between the first shaft segment 321 and the second shaft segment 33 facilitates the replacement of the drive unit 1 and the first shaft segment 321. That is, the rotation system adopts a flange-connected split structure, and the cavity 41 can be replaced over a long distance.

[0051] More specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the transmission shaft unit 3 includes: a coupling 31, an upper shaft system 32, a second shaft section 33, a nut 34, and a bolt 35. The upper shaft system 32 includes: a first shaft section 321, a support plate 322, a sleeve 323, and a locking nut 324. The first shaft section 321 extends vertically. The sleeve 323 is fitted onto the first shaft section 321. The outer wall of the upper end of the sleeve 323 is connected to the fixed bracket 2 via the support plate 322. The support plate 322 and the sleeve 323 are used to position the first shaft section 321 to prevent it from shifting. The sleeve 323 includes a sleeve body, an upper end cap, and a lower end cap. The middle of the first shaft section 321 has an outwardly protruding stepped surface. The upper end cap, sleeve body, and lower end cap of the sleeve 323 are placed sequentially on the stepped surface. The upper end cap of the sleeve 323 is pressed against the sleeve body by the locking nut 324. Bearing grooves are provided on the inner sides of both ends of the sleeve 323 body. The bearing grooves are located between the sleeve 323 and the first shaft segment 321, and surround the first shaft segment 321. Each bearing groove contains a bearing, which is fitted onto the first shaft segment 321. By providing bearings, a sliding or rolling surface can be provided when the first shaft segment 321 rotates at high speed, thereby reducing friction. The bearings can be sliding bearings, angular contact ball bearings, roller bearings, etc. Angular contact ball bearings are preferred. The lower end of the first shaft segment 321 is fastened to the upper end of the second shaft segment 33 by a nut 34 and a bolt 35. The output end of the drive motor 11 is connected in sequence to the coupling 31, the upper shaft system 32, the second shaft segment 33, and the centrifugal unit 4. The drive motor 11 drives the centrifugal unit 4 to rotate at high speed through its output end.

[0052] Please see Figure 2 The device also includes a vibration damping unit 6. The vibration damping unit 6 comprises a sphere 62, a spherical shell 63, a vibration damping seat 61 (bearing seat), and a rubber spring 64. The vibration damping seat 61 is located below the support plate 322 and surrounds the outer wall of the middle portion of the sleeve 323. The vibration damping seat 61 is elastically connected to the support plate 322 via the rubber spring 64. A placement groove is provided between the inner wall of the vibration damping seat 61 and the outer wall of the sleeve 323 to accommodate the sphere 62 and the spherical shell 63. The inner side of the sphere 62 has a first contact surface, and the outer side of the sphere 62 has a first curved surface. The shape of the first contact surface of the sphere 62 is adapted to the shape of the outer wall of the sleeve 323. The sphere 62 is fitted onto the sleeve 323, and the first contact surface of the sphere 62 is in contact with the outer wall of the sleeve 323. The inner side of the spherical shell 63 is provided with a second curved surface, and the outer side of the spherical shell 63 is provided with a second contact surface. The spherical shell 63 surrounds the sphere 62. The shape of the second contact surface of the spherical shell 63 is adapted to the shape of the inner wall of the placement groove, and the second contact surface of the spherical shell 63 is in contact with the inner wall of the placement groove. The second curved surface of the spherical shell 63 is in contact with the first curved surface of the sphere 62. When the centrifugal unit 4 rotates at high speed and drives the first shaft segment 321 to vibrate, the relative rolling between the spherical shell 63 and the sphere 62 is used to unload the force during the vibration process of the first shaft segment 321. That is, the vibration force is transmitted to the rubber spring 64 through the vibration damping seat 61, and the vibration is suppressed by the extension and contraction of the rubber spring 64.

[0053] In some embodiments, the feeding unit 5 includes a feeding pipe 51, which extends vertically. The central axis of the feeding pipe 51 is on the same extension line as the central axis of the centrifugal unit 4. The feeding pipe 51 passes through the outlet 42, and the upper half of the feeding pipe 51 is housed in the cavity 41 of the centrifugal unit 4. An outlet is provided on the side wall of the upper end of the feeding pipe 51, which faces the side wall of the cavity 41 and is used to input slag-containing liquid into the cavity 41.

[0054] In this embodiment, by directing the discharge port toward the side wall of the cavity 41, the radioactive slag-containing liquid can be sprayed toward the inner side wall of the cavity 41, thereby allowing the slag-containing liquid to be subjected to centrifugal force. However, if only an upward-facing outlet is provided at the upper end of the feed pipe 51, the radioactive slag-containing liquid is likely to flow directly down the pipe wall of the feed pipe 51, and the centrifugal separation effect cannot be achieved.

[0055] In other words, the feeding unit 5 includes a feeding pipe 51, which passes through the outlet 42 and extends upward into the cavity 41 of the centrifuge unit 4. Multiple outlets are opened on the side wall of the upper end of the feeding pipe 51, and these outlets are evenly distributed along the circumference of the feeding pipe 51, through which radioactive slag-containing liquid is sprayed. The advantage of having multiple outlets evenly arranged along the circumference of the feeding pipe 51 is that it allows the radioactive slag-containing liquid to be sprayed towards the inner side wall of the cavity 41. If only one upward-facing outlet is provided at the upper end of the feeding pipe 51, the radioactive slag-containing liquid is likely to flow directly down the pipe wall of the feeding pipe 51, failing to achieve the effect of centrifugal separation.

[0056] Furthermore, there are multiple discharge ports, which are evenly arranged around the circumference of the feeding pipe 51. By arranging the multiple discharge ports evenly, uneven discharge can be avoided.

[0057] In addition, the device also includes a water collection hopper 7, which is located below the cover plate 9 and connected to the lower end face of the cover plate 9. The water collection hopper 7 has a receiving cavity 71 inside, in which the centrifugal unit 4 is housed. The inner side wall of the water collection hopper 7 is used to collect and guide the clear liquid discharged from the centrifugal unit 4. The lower end of the water collection hopper 7 has a clear liquid outlet 72, and the clear liquid is guided through the side wall of the water collection hopper 7 to the clear liquid outlet 72 for discharge.

[0058] In this embodiment, by setting up the water collection hopper 7, the clear liquid can be collected and guided to avoid splashing of radioactive clear liquid.

[0059] The lower end of the water collection hopper 7 is also provided with a guide slope 73. The clear liquid outlet 72 is located on one side of the guide slope 73. The first end of the guide slope 73 is away from the clear liquid outlet 72, and the second end is close to the clear liquid outlet 72. The height of the guide slope 73 gradually decreases from the first end to the second end. The guide slope 73 is used to guide the clear liquid to the clear liquid outlet 72 for discharge.

[0060] By setting the guide ramp 73, the radioactive liquid can be better discharged to the liquid outlet 72. By setting the liquid outlet 72 on one side of the guide ramp 73, the flushing unit 8 and the feed pipe 51 can be avoided.

[0061] In other words, the water collecting hopper 7 is located below the cover plate 9 and is connected to the lower end face of the cover plate 9. The water collecting hopper 7 has an internal receiving cavity 71, within which the centrifugal unit 4 is housed. The lower end of the receiving cavity 71 has a guide slope 73 and a clear liquid outlet 72. The first end of the guide slope 73 is away from the clear liquid outlet 72, and the second end is close to the clear liquid outlet 72. The second end of the guide slope 73 is positioned lower than the first end, thereby guiding the centrifuged clear liquid to the clear liquid outlet 72 and discharging it through the clear liquid outlet 72.

[0062] In summary, the centrifugal separation process of this device is as follows: During operation, the drive motor 11 is first started, causing the centrifugal unit 4 to rotate at high speed. Then, radioactive slag-containing liquid is sprayed onto the inner wall of the cavity 41 through the feed pipe 51. When the rotor (i.e., centrifugal unit 4) rotates at high speed, the resulting centrifugal force is much greater than gravity. Centrifugal force is generated by the speed of the rotating object and its distance from the center of rotation, pushing liquid and solid particles towards the outside of the rotor (centrifugal unit 4). In this situation, the slag-containing liquid is subjected to outward centrifugal force, pushing it onto the side wall of the rotor instead of falling directly downwards. In the centrifugal rotor, solid particles, due to their greater density than liquid, are caused by centrifugal force to settle towards the outer wall, forming sediments adhering to the inner wall of the cavity 41. As the liquid level in the cavity 41 increases, the separated clear liquid overflows from the lower outlet 42 and, under the action of centrifugal force, is thrown into the water collection hopper 7, then guided to the inclined surface 73 and the clear liquid outlet 72 to enter the downstream process. Moreover, during rotation, the liquid and solid particles separate into layers. Due to their higher density, solid particles move outward under centrifugal force, while the liquid remains relatively clear in the central region, thus achieving separation. The design of centrifuge unit 4 takes into account the principles of fluid dynamics and centrifugal separation. The narrowing of its lower structure (such as a conical design) helps to maintain the separation between solid particles and liquid, allowing the clear liquid to be discharged in the central part of the rotor.

[0063] The device also includes a rinsing unit 8, which is located below the centrifugal unit 4 and passes through the guide slope 73 of the water collection hopper 7. The rinsing unit 8 is connected to the cavity 41 of the centrifugal unit 4 and is used to rinse the side wall of the cavity 41 and discharge the slag-containing wastewater generated by rinsing into the centrifugal unit 4.

[0064] Furthermore, the rinsing unit 8 includes a rinsing water pipe 81 and a receiving hopper 82. The receiving hopper 82 is located directly below the outlet 42 of the centrifugal unit 4 and passes through the guide slope 73 of the water collection hopper 7. The rinsing water pipe 81 and the feeding pipe 51 are both installed in the receiving hopper 82 and extend upward into the cavity 41 of the centrifugal unit 4. Multiple water outlets are provided on the side wall of the rinsing water pipe 81. The multiple water outlets are arranged along the axial direction of the rinsing water pipe 81 and all water outlets face the inner side wall of the cavity 41 of the centrifugal unit 4. The rinsing water pipe 81 is used to spray high-pressure water onto the inner side wall of the cavity 41 to flush down the slag adhering to the inner side wall of the cavity 41. The slag-containing wastewater generated during rinsing is discharged through the receiving hopper 82.

[0065] Furthermore, the upper end of the receiving hopper 82 is provided with a liquid receiving port, and the lower end is provided with a slag and water outlet 83. The cross-sectional area of ​​the liquid receiving port is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet 42, so as to receive the slag-containing wastewater generated during rinsing.

[0066] In other words, the rinsing unit 8 includes a rinsing water pipe 81 and a receiving hopper 82. The receiving hopper 82 is located directly below the centrifuge unit 4 and extends through the lower end of the water collection hopper 7. The feeding pipe 51 passes through the receiving hopper 82 and extends upward into the cavity 41 of the centrifuge unit 4. The receiving hopper 82 is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with a liquid inlet at the upper end and a sludge-water outlet 83 at the lower end. The liquid inlet of the receiving hopper 82 is located directly below the centrifuge unit 4 and faces the outlet 42 of the centrifuge unit 4. The rinsing water pipe 81 passes through the receiving hopper 82 and extends upward into the cavity 41 of the centrifuge unit 4. Multiple water outlets are provided on the side wall of the rinsing water pipe 81, facing the inner side wall of the cavity 41 of the centrifuge unit 4, and the multiple water outlets are arranged along the axial direction of the rinsing water pipe 81. When rinsing the residue deposited on the inner wall of the cavity 41, high-pressure water is sprayed through the outlet of the rinsing water pipe 81 onto the inner wall of the centrifuge unit 4 cavity 41, thereby washing away the residue adhering to the inside of the cavity 41. At the same time, the drive motor 11 drives the centrifuge unit 4 to rotate slowly so that the high-pressure water can rinse the entire side wall of the centrifuge unit 4 cavity 41. The generated slag-containing rinsing water is collected through the receiving hopper 82 and enters the slag water storage tank through the slag water outlet 83.

[0067] It should be noted that when centrifuging to separate the slag-containing liquid, centrifuge unit 4 needs to rotate at high speed; this is the first rotational speed. However, when rinsing the slag deposits adhering to the inner wall, slow rotation is sufficient; this is the second rotational speed. The first rotational speed ranges from 2000 to 3000 rpm, and the second rotational speed ranges from 20 to 50 rpm. For example, the first rotational speed is 2000, 2500, or 3000 rpm; the second rotational speed is 20, 30, 40, or 50 rpm.

[0068] The following is the working process of this radioactive slag-containing liquid clarification device:

[0069] The radioactive slag-containing liquid clarification device is used for the separation of insoluble slag in radioactive liquid. It includes: a drive motor 11, a fixed support 2, a coupling 31, an upper shaft system 32, a cover plate 9, a cavity 41, and an outer sleeve (i.e., the water collection hopper 7 mentioned above).

[0070] The cover plate 9 is cast into the floor slab, serving as the installation foundation for the liquid clarification device. The fixed bracket 2 is fixed to the cover plate 9. The drive motor 11 is mounted on the top of the fixed bracket 2 and connected to the upper shaft (i.e., the first shaft section 321) via a coupling 31. The cavity 41 passes through the cover plate 9 and is installed in the equipment chamber, mounted to the lower part of the upper shaft via a flange, and secured with bolts 35 and nuts 34. Thus, the centrifugal unit 4 is located in the equipment chamber, and its upper end is connected to the lower part of the upper shaft via a lower shaft (i.e., the second shaft section 33) passing through the cover plate 9. The upper part of the lower shaft and the lower part of the upper shaft are connected via a flange structure and secured with bolts 35 and nuts 34, thereby enabling the motor to drive the cavity 41 to rotate at high speed. The upper shaft system 32 also includes an upper shaft, a support plate 322, a bearing seat, a sleeve 323, a ball 62, and a ball shell 63. The bearing seat is fixed inside the fixed bracket 2, and the sleeve 323 and the upper shaft are suspended on the fixed bracket 2 via the ball 62 and the ball shell 63. A rubber spring 64 is pressed against the upper surface of the support plate, and vibration suppression is achieved by the swinging of the support plate. An outer sleeve (water collection hopper 7) is located outside the cavity 41, isolating the interior of the equipment from the equipment chamber atmosphere. Clarified liquid overflowing from the cavity 41 enters the subsequent process flow through the clear liquid outlet 72. A receiving hopper 82 is installed at the lower part of the outer sleeve, concentric with the cavity 41, and is equipped with a flushing water pipe 81 and a feeding pipe 51. During flushing, the slag water is collected through the receiving hopper 82 and enters the slag water storage tank.

[0071] The drive motor 11 drives the upper shaft and cavity 41 to rotate at high speed through the coupling 31. The liquid material enters the cavity 41 through the feed pipe 51 and is sprayed onto the inner wall for clarification. As the liquid in the cavity 41 increases, the separated clear liquid overflows from the cavity 41 and is thrown into the outer sleeve under centrifugal force, then enters the downstream process through the clear liquid outlet 72. After a batch of liquid material is clarified, the drive motor 11 stops and then restarts at low speed. The flushing water is sprayed onto the inner wall of the cavity 41 through the flushing water pipe 81 for rinsing. The generated flushing water is collected through the receiving hopper 82 and enters the slag and water storage tank through the slag and water outlet 83. During operation, the cavity 41 will swing laterally. The displacement of the swing is transmitted to the rubber spring 64 through the upper shaft, ball 62, sleeve 323, and support plate 322. The vibration is suppressed by the extension and contraction of the rubber spring 64.

[0072] In summary, the advantages of this device are:

[0073] 1. The liquid clarification device separates materials by using the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotating cavity 41, and can continuously realize feeding, separation and discharge operations with a long operating time;

[0074] 2. The drive power supply, vibration damping system, and monitoring system are all located outdoors for easy daily maintenance;

[0075] 3. By using the structure of the outer sleeve and receiving hopper 82, combined with the material flow path, the direction of different materials (clear liquid and slag-containing washing water) can be realized;

[0076] 4. The rotating system adopts a split structure with flange connection, and the cavity 41 can be replaced remotely.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] This invention discloses a slag-containing liquid treatment system, including a floor slab, a first area, a second area, and the slag-containing liquid clarification device in Example 1.

[0079] The floor slab is located between the first and second zones. The second zone houses a liquid material container used to store the slag-containing liquid material produced from the dissolution of nuclear fuel. A cover plate 9 of the slag-containing liquid clarification device is installed on the floor slab. The feeding unit 5 of the slag-containing liquid clarification device is connected to the liquid material container and is used for centrifugal separation of the slag-containing liquid material. The slag-containing liquid material is radioactive.

[0080] This slag-containing liquid treatment system, by employing the slag-containing liquid clarification device in Example 1, can clarify radioactive slag-containing liquid and avoid the shortened service life of drive equipment, vibration reduction system, and monitoring system due to the influence of highly radioactive aerosols.

[0081] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A clarification device for slag-containing liquid, used for clarification treatment of radioactive slag-containing liquid, characterized in that, include: Fixed bracket (2), cover plate (9), drive unit (1), centrifugal unit (4) and feeding unit (5); The fixed bracket (2) is installed on the upper end face of the cover plate (9). The drive unit (1) is located above the cover plate (9), and the drive unit (1) is mounted on the top of the fixed bracket (2). The centrifugal unit (4) is located below the cover plate (9). The drive unit (1) is connected to the centrifugal unit (4) through the transmission shaft unit (3) and is used to drive the centrifugal unit (4) to rotate. The transmission shaft unit (3) passes through the cover plate (9). The transmission shaft unit (3) includes a first shaft section (321), a second shaft section (33), a support plate (322), and a sleeve (323). The first shaft segment (321) is located above the second shaft segment (33). Both the first shaft segment (321) and the second shaft segment (33) extend vertically, and their central axes are on the same extension line. The first shaft segment (321) is located above the cover plate (9), and the second shaft segment (33) passes through the cover plate (9). The drive unit (1) is connected to the centrifugal unit (4) through the first shaft segment (321) and the second shaft segment (33). The sleeve (323) is fitted onto the first shaft segment (321). The outer wall of the upper end of the sleeve (323) is connected to the fixed bracket (2) through the support plate (322). The inner cavity of the sleeve (323) houses a bearing, which is fitted onto the first shaft segment (321). The support plate (322) and the sleeve (323) are used to position the first shaft segment (321); The centrifugal unit (4) has a cavity (41) inside, and an outlet (42) is opened at the lower end of the cavity (41). The feeding unit (5) is located below the cover plate (9). The feeding unit (5) is connected to the cavity (41) of the centrifugal unit (4). The feeding unit (5) is used to transport the liquid containing slag into the cavity (41) of the centrifugal unit (4). When the centrifugal unit (4) rotates, it can separate the clear liquid and the slag, and make the slag adhere to the side wall of the cavity (41), while the clear liquid is discharged from the outlet (42) at the lower end. The device also includes an air blowing unit. There is a gap between the side wall of the drive shaft unit (3) and the cover plate (9). The air blowing unit is located above the cover plate (9) and facing the gap. The air blowing unit is used to blow air into the gap. The airflow generated by blowing is downward.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outlet (42) at the lower end of the centrifugal unit (4) is constricted.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the first shaft segment (321) is detachably connected to the upper end of the second shaft segment (33).

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding unit (5) includes a feeding pipe (51) which extends vertically. The central axis of the feeding pipe (51) is on the same extension line as the central axis of the centrifugal unit (4). The feeding pipe (51) passes through the outlet (42), and the upper half of the feeding pipe (51) is housed in the cavity (41) of the centrifugal unit (4). An outlet is provided on the side wall of the upper end of the feeding pipe (51), which faces the side wall of the cavity (41) and is used to input slag-containing liquid into the cavity (41).

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The number of discharge ports is multiple, and the multiple discharge ports are evenly distributed along the circumference of the feeding pipe (51).

6. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a water collection hopper (7), which is located below the cover plate (9) and connected to the lower end face of the cover plate (9). The water collection hopper (7) has a receiving cavity (71) inside, and the centrifugal unit (4) is housed in the receiving cavity (71). The inner wall of the water collection hopper (7) is used to collect and guide the clear liquid discharged from the centrifugal unit (4). The lower end of the water collection hopper (7) is provided with a clear liquid outlet (72). The clear liquid is guided through the side wall of the water collection hopper (7) to the clear liquid outlet (72) for discharge.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The lower end of the water collection hopper (7) is also provided with a guide slope (73). The clear liquid outlet (72) is located on one side of the guide slope (73). The first end of the guide slope (73) is away from the clear liquid outlet (72), and the second end is close to the clear liquid outlet (72). The height of the guide slope (73) gradually decreases from the first end to the second end. The guide slope (73) is used to guide the clear liquid to the clear liquid outlet (72) for discharge.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a rinsing unit (8), which is located below the centrifugal unit (4) and penetrates the guide slope (73) of the water collection hopper (7). The rinsing unit (8) is connected to the cavity (41) of the centrifugal unit (4) and is used to rinse the side wall of the cavity (41) and discharge the slag-containing wastewater generated by rinsing from the centrifugal unit (4).

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, The rinsing unit (8) includes a rinsing water pipe (81) and a receiving hopper (82). The receiving hopper (82) is located directly below the outlet (42) of the centrifugal unit (4), and the receiving hopper (82) passes through the guide slope (73) of the water collecting hopper (7). The flushing water pipe (81) and the feeding pipe (51) both pass through the receiving hopper (82) and extend upward into the cavity (41) of the centrifugal unit (4). Multiple water outlets are provided on the side wall of the flushing water pipe (81), and the multiple water outlets are arranged along the axial direction of the flushing water pipe (81). The water outlets all face the inner side wall of the cavity (41) of the centrifugal unit (4). The flushing water pipe (81) is used to spray high-pressure water onto the inner wall of the cavity (41) to flush down the slag adhering to the inner wall of the cavity (41), and the slag-containing wastewater generated by flushing is discharged through the receiving hopper (82).

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The upper end of the receiving hopper (82) is provided with a liquid inlet, and the lower end is provided with a slag and water outlet (83). The cross-sectional area of ​​the liquid inlet is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet (42) so as to receive the slag-containing wastewater generated by rinsing.

11. A slag-containing liquid treatment system, characterized in that, Includes a floor slab, a first area, a second area, and a slag-containing liquid clarification device as described in any one of claims 1-10. The floor slab is located between the first area and the second area. The second area contains a liquid container for storing slag-containing liquid produced by the dissolution of nuclear fuel. The cover plate (9) of the slag-containing liquid clarification device is installed on the floor slab. The feeding unit (5) of the slag-containing liquid clarification device is connected to the liquid container and is used to centrifuge the slag-containing liquid. The slag-containing liquid is a radioactive slag-containing liquid.

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