Multifunctional solar interface evaporation material for disinfection, evaporation and water collection as well as preparation method and application of multifunctional solar interface evaporation material

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of interface evaporation materials, in particular to a multifunctional solar interface evaporation material for disinfection, evaporation and water collection and a preparation method and application of the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material. The preparation method of the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material comprises the following steps: performing a hydrothermal reaction on glucose and poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt to obtain hydrothermal carbonized carbon; the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing octadecyl trichlorosilane with water, and adding a non-polar organic solvent to obtain a mixture; the preparation method comprises the following steps: soaking towel gourd sponge in a polydopamine solution, drying, continuously putting into a hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution, and then coating the surface of the towel gourd sponge with a mixture to obtain the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate, facilitates large-scale production and has a wide application prospect. The multifunctional solar interface evaporation material has a high interface evaporation rate, so that salt can be gathered on the outer layer of the material, and internal blockage is avoided. The hydrothermal carbonized carbon can generate free radicals under the illumination condition, organic pollutants are effectively degraded, and pathogens are killed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of interface evaporation materials, and in particular to a multifunctional solar interface evaporation material for disinfection and evaporation and water collection, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Interface evaporation materials refer to materials used for efficient evaporation processes at specific interfaces. Such materials are widely used in energy conversion, seawater desalination, thermal management, and environmental remediation. Interface evaporation materials usually have high light absorption and photothermal conversion efficiency, and their rich pore structures allow water vapor to escape quickly.

[0003] Existing interface evaporation materials include carbon-based materials, metal nanomaterials, polymer materials, semiconductor materials, and composite materials. Among them, although metal nanomaterials have a surface plasmon resonance effect and can significantly enhance photothermal conversion, they are expensive and have poor stability, and are easily oxidized or corroded. Polymer materials have the advantages of strong designability and good flexibility, but they have low heat resistance, may be degraded, and their photothermal conversion efficiency is not as good as that of inorganic materials. Although semiconductor materials have the advantages of photocatalytic properties and chemical corrosion resistance of Artemisia annua, their preparation is complex and costly, and their efficiency is low under low light intensity conditions. Composite materials can combine the advantages of multiple materials, but the preparation process is complex, the cost is high, and there may be problems with performance matching between materials.

[0004] In contrast, carbon-based materials have significant advantages in interfacial evaporation applications. Carbon-based materials can effectively absorb sunlight in a wide band range, improve the efficiency of photothermal conversion, and have a rich porous structure that can promote heat and mass transfer processes and accelerate evaporation. In addition, carbon materials are widely available, inexpensive, sustainable and environmentally friendly, and also have excellent electrothermal properties and can be used for Joule heating, thereby enhancing the evaporation rate.

[0005] However, existing carbon-based interface evaporation materials still have the following problems:

[0006] First, when existing carbon-based interface evaporation materials are used to treat water bodies with high salt content, such as seawater desalination, as the water evaporates, the salt will gradually concentrate and deposit and clog the internal pore structure of the carbon-based interface evaporation material. When the material is clogged, the effective evaporation area is reduced and the evaporation rate is reduced.

[0007] Second, the preparation of existing carbon-based interface evaporation materials usually involves multi-step chemical reactions, high-temperature treatments or special physical vapor deposition techniques, which are not only complex to operate but also costly.

[0008] Third, most carbon-based interfacial evaporation materials currently only have interfacial evaporation functions, and their ability to treat organic pollutants and pathogens in water is limited. An ideal interfacial evaporation material should be able to achieve efficient evaporation while having good pollutant degradation capabilities and antibacterial and antiviral properties, but such products are rarely available.

[0009] Therefore, it is necessary to prepare an interface evaporation material that has high evaporation efficiency, anti-clogging, low-cost preparation and multifunctionality. Summary of the invention

[0010] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0011] In order to solve the problems in the prior art that carbon-based interface evaporation materials are easy to clog, have complex preparation processes, high costs, and lack the ability to treat pollutants and pathogens, the present invention provides a multifunctional solar interface evaporation material for disinfection and evaporation and water collection, and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0012] (II) Technical solution

[0013] In order to achieve the above object, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0014] A method for preparing a multifunctional solar interface evaporation material for disinfection and evaporation and water collection comprises the following steps:

[0015] Glucose is reacted with poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt by hydrothermal reaction to obtain hydrothermal carbonized carbon;

[0016] mixing octadecyltrichlorosilane with water, and then adding a nonpolar organic solvent to obtain a mixture;

[0017] The loofah sponge is soaked in a polydopamine solution and dried to obtain a polydopamine-modified loofah sponge. The polydopamine-modified loofah sponge is then placed in a hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution to load the hydrothermal carbonized carbon on the polydopamine-modified loofah sponge. The mixture is then coated on the surface of the loofah sponge to obtain a multifunctional solar interface evaporation material.

[0018] In the method for preparing the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material as described above, preferably, glucose and poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt are dissolved in water and then reacted at 170-190° C. for 8-10 hours.

[0019] In the method for preparing the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material as described above, preferably, the mass ratio of glucose to poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt is 100:1-115:1.

[0020] The method for preparing the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material as described above, preferably, the method for preparing the polydopamine solution is as follows: adding dopamine hydrochloride to water to obtain a dopamine hydrochloride solution, and then adding Tris-HCl buffer to the dopamine hydrochloride solution to obtain a polydopamine solution;

[0021] The concentration of the dopamine hydrochloride solution is 1.5-2.5 mg / L.

[0022] In the method for preparing the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material as described above, preferably, octadecyltrichlorosilane is mixed with water by vortex treatment and ultrasonic treatment, and then a non-polar organic solvent is added to obtain a mixture.

[0023] In the method for preparing the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material as described above, preferably, the non-polar organic solvent is n-hexane, and octadecyltrichlorosilane accounts for 5% of the volume of the non-polar organic solvent.

[0024] The method for preparing the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material as described above, preferably, the soaking time of the loofah sponge in the polydopamine solution is ≥24h, the soaking time of the polydopamine-modified loofah sponge in the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is ≥24h, and the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is continuously stirred during the soaking process;

[0025] The mixture is applied on the surface of the loofah sponge. After drying, the thickness of the surface layer is 0.05-0.1 mm.

[0026] In the method for preparing the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material as described above, preferably, the method for preparing the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is as follows: dissolving the hydrothermal carbonized carbon in ethanol to obtain a hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution, wherein the concentration of the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is 1-1.5 g / L.

[0027] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an application of the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material prepared by the above preparation method in solar energy utilization, seawater desalination or sewage treatment.

[0028] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a multifunctional solar interface evaporation material for disinfection and evaporation and water collection, wherein the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0029] (III) Beneficial effects

[0030] The preparation method of the invention has a wide source of raw materials, low cost and is environmentally friendly, the preparation steps are simple and easy to operate, and it is easy to mass produce, and has broad application prospects. The invention synthesizes hydrothermal carbonized carbon from biomass, covers the surface of the sponge with polydopamine, then loads the hydrothermal carbonized carbon, and finally coats the surface of the sponge with the mixture, and the polydopamine layer and the polysiloxane on the surface form an asymmetric structure with a super-hydrophilic lower layer and a super-hydrophobic upper layer.

[0031] The asymmetric structure of the multifunctional solar interfacial evaporation material with a super-hydrophilic lower layer and a super-hydrophobic upper layer and the rich porous structure of the loofah sponge can effectively absorb sunlight in a wide band, promote the transfer of heat and matter, improve the photothermal conversion efficiency, significantly increase the interfacial evaporation rate, and promote the rapid transfer of water to the surface, so that salt can accumulate in the outer layer of the material instead of being blocked in the pore structure inside the loofah sponge.

[0032] The hydrothermal carbonized carbon loaded in the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material can produce free radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals, under light conditions. These active substances can effectively degrade organic pollutants and kill pathogens, showing greater versatility and advantages than traditional water interface evaporation materials.

[0033] The research on the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material of the present invention in interface evaporation is of great significance to sustainable development. It has broad spectrum light absorption and efficient photothermal conversion capabilities, which makes it have broad application prospects in the fields of solar energy utilization, seawater desalination and sewage treatment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the evaporation rates of the HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1 and the existing interface evaporation materials;

[0036] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the microstructure and elemental characterization of HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1;

[0037] Figure 4 Element characterization diagrams of HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1, sponge@PDA prepared in Comparative Example 2, sponge@PDA-OTS prepared in Comparative Example 3, and a cylindrical loofah sponge;

[0038] Figure 5 This is the contact angle measurement diagram of HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of the evaporation rates of HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1, LS+HTCC prepared in Comparative Example 1, LS@PDA prepared in Comparative Example 2, and LS@PDA-OTS prepared in Comparative Example 3;

[0040] Figure 7 It is a comparison chart of the evaporation rates of the interface evaporation materials prepared in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 4-5 at different hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution concentrations;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a comparison chart of the evaporation rates of HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1 in sodium chloride solutions of different concentrations;

[0042] Fig. 9 This is a graph showing the evaporation results of HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1 to a 30 wt % sodium chloride solution;

[0043] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the degradation ability of HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1 on pollutants in sewage under light;

[0044] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the killing ability of HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1 against pathogens under light. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate understanding, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0046] The present invention provides a method for preparing a multifunctional solar interface evaporation material for disinfection and evaporation and water collection, comprising the following steps:

[0047] Glucose is reacted with poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt by hydrothermal reaction to obtain hydrothermal carbonized carbon. Octadecyltrichlorosilane is mixed with water, and then a non-polar organic solvent is added to obtain a mixture. A loofah sponge is soaked in a polydopamine solution, and after drying, a polydopamine-modified loofah sponge is obtained. Then, the polydopamine-modified loofah sponge is placed in a hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution to load the hydrothermal carbonized carbon on the polydopamine-modified loofah sponge. The mixture is then coated on the surface of the loofah sponge to obtain a multifunctional solar interface evaporation material, which can be recorded as HTCC@PDA-OTS.

[0048] The loofah sponge used in the present invention refers to loofah sponge, which is the vascular bundle of the dried and mature fruit of loofah.

[0049] The present invention synthesizes hydrothermal carbonized carbon by biomass, so that polydopamine is covered on the surface of sponge gourd, then loads hydrothermal carbonized carbon, and finally coats the mixture on the surface of sponge gourd, and the polydopamine layer and the polysiloxane of the top layer form an asymmetric structure of lower super-hydrophilic and upper super-hydrophobic. This lower super-hydrophilic, upper super-hydrophobic asymmetric structure and the abundant porous structure of sponge gourd can effectively absorb sunlight in a wide band, promote the transfer of heat and material, improve the photothermal conversion efficiency, significantly improve the interface evaporation rate, can promote water to be quickly transmitted to the surface, so that salt can be gathered in the outer layer of the material without being blocked in the pore structure inside the sponge gourd. In addition, the presence of hydrothermal carbonized carbon also has a certain promoting effect on the improvement of the material interface evaporation rate.

[0050] Under light conditions, the hydrothermal carbonized carbon loaded in the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material can produce free radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals. These active substances can effectively degrade organic pollutants and kill pathogens, showing greater versatility and advantages than traditional water interface evaporation materials.

[0051] In addition, the raw materials for the preparation of the present invention are widely available, low in cost and environmentally friendly, the preparation steps are simple and easy to operate, and are easy for large-scale production, thus having broad application prospects.

[0052] Preferably, the preparation method of hydrothermal carbonized carbon (HTCC) is as follows:

[0053] Glucose and poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt) are dissolved in water, and the solution can be made uniform by magnetic stirring for 1-2 hours. Then the solution is transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined autoclave and reacted at 170-190°C for 8-10 hours to obtain hydrothermal carbonization carbon. The mass ratio of glucose to poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt can be 100:1-115:1.

[0054] Preferably, the preparation method of the polydopamine solution is as follows: adding dopamine hydrochloride to water to obtain a dopamine hydrochloride solution, then adding Tris-HCl buffer to the dopamine hydrochloride solution, adjusting the pH to 8-9, preferably 8.5, to obtain a polydopamine solution, wherein the concentration of the dopamine hydrochloride solution is 1.5-2.5 mg / L.

[0055] Preferably, octadecyltrichlorosilane can be mixed with water by vortex treatment and ultrasonic treatment, the volume ratio of water to octadecyltrichlorosilane is 15-25:1, and then a non-polar organic solvent is added to obtain a mixture. The non-polar organic solvent is n-hexane, and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) accounts for 3-7% of the volume of the non-polar organic solvent. After octadecyltrichlorosilane is added to water, hydrolysis and condensation reaction will occur, and the main component obtained by the reaction is polysiloxane, which can be used as a super-hydrophobic layer on the surface of a sponge gourd, and the effect of the non-polar organic solvent is to reduce the contact efficiency between water and OTS, slow down the hydrolysis rate of OTS, and make the reaction more controllable.

[0056] Preferably, the cylindrical loofah sponge can be cut in half, the fiber structure in the middle can be extracted, and a cylindrical loofah sponge of a certain diameter and thickness can be obtained. Then, after ultrasonic washing three times with distilled water and ethanol, the impurities contained in the loofah sponge are removed, and then dried at 50-60°C for standby use. The dried loofah sponge is soaked in a polydopamine solution for a soaking time of ≥24h, and the soaking time of the polydopamine-modified loofah sponge in the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is ≥24h, and the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution can be continuously stirred during the soaking process. The preparation method of the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is as follows: the hydrothermal carbonized carbon is dissolved in ethanol to obtain a hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution, and the concentration of the hydrothermal carbonized carbon in the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is 1-1.5g / L. After the hydrothermal carbonized carbon loading is completed, the mixture is coated on the surface of the loofah sponge. After drying, the n-hexane and water in the mixture evaporate, and the surface of the loofah sponge forms a surface layer whose main component is polysiloxane, and the thickness of the surface layer is 0.05-0.1mm.

[0057] In the present invention, the loofah sponge is immersed in the polydopamine solution, and the polydopamine (PDA) can be wrapped on the surface of the loofah sponge. In addition, the covering of the polydopamine is also convenient for the subsequent loading of the hydrothermal carbonized carbon, and can ensure close combination with the hydrothermal carbonized carbon.

[0058] The research on the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material of the present invention in interface evaporation is of great significance to sustainable development. It has broad spectrum light absorption and efficient photothermal conversion capabilities, which makes it have broad application prospects in the fields of solar energy utilization, seawater desalination and sewage treatment.

[0059] In order to further clarify the scheme of the present invention and its technical advancement, the following is a description in conjunction with specific embodiments and technical effects.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a multifunctional solar interface evaporation material for disinfection and evaporation and water collection, comprising the following steps:

[0062] S1: Glucose and poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt with a mass ratio of 112.5 were dissolved in water, magnetically stirred for 1 h, and the solution was transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined high-pressure reactor and reacted at 180°C for 9 h to obtain hydrothermal carbonized carbon.

[0063] S2: adding dopamine hydrochloride to water to obtain a dopamine hydrochloride solution with a concentration of 2 mg / L, and then adding Tris-HCl buffer to the dopamine hydrochloride solution to adjust the pH to 8.5 to obtain a polydopamine solution.

[0064] S3: Octadecyltrichlorosilane was mixed with water by vortexing and ultrasonication, the volume ratio of water to OTS was 20:1, and then n-hexane was added to obtain a mixture. Octadecyltrichlorosilane accounted for 5% of the volume of n-hexane.

[0065] S4: Cut the cylindrical loofah sponge in half, extract the fiber structure in the middle, and obtain a cylindrical loofah sponge with a diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 10 mm. Then ultrasonically wash it three times with distilled water and ethanol, and dry it at 55°C for use. Soak the loofah sponge in the polydopamine solution for 48 hours, remove it and dry it to obtain a polydopamine-modified loofah sponge, dissolve the hydrothermal carbonized carbon in ethanol to obtain a hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution, and the concentration of hydrothermal carbonized carbon in the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is 1.5 g / L. Then, soak the polydopamine-modified loofah sponge in the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution for 36 hours, and then apply the mixture obtained in step S3 on the surface of the loofah sponge. After drying, the thickness of the surface layer is 0.08 mm, and HTCC@PDA-OTS is obtained.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a multifunctional solar interface evaporation material for disinfection and evaporation and water collection. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the concentration of hydrothermal carbonized carbon in the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is 1 g / L.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a multifunctional solar interface evaporation material for disinfection and evaporation and water collection, comprising the following steps:

[0070] S1: Glucose and poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt in a mass ratio of 100:1 were dissolved in water, magnetically stirred for 1.5 h, and the solution was transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined high-pressure reactor and reacted at 170 °C for 10 h to obtain hydrothermal carbonized carbon.

[0071] S2: adding dopamine hydrochloride to water to obtain a dopamine hydrochloride solution with a concentration of 1.5 mg / L, and then adding Tris-HCl buffer to the dopamine hydrochloride solution to adjust the pH to 8 to obtain a polydopamine solution.

[0072] S3: Octadecyltrichlorosilane was mixed with water by vortexing and ultrasonication, the volume ratio of water to OTS was 15:1, and then n-hexane was added to obtain a mixture. Octadecyltrichlorosilane accounted for 3% of the volume of n-hexane.

[0073] S4: Cut the cylindrical loofah sponge in half, extract the fiber structure in the middle, and obtain a cylindrical loofah sponge with a diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 10 mm. Then wash it three times with distilled water and ethanol ultrasonically, and dry it at 50°C for use. Soak the loofah sponge in a polydopamine solution for 24 hours, remove it and dry it to obtain a polydopamine-modified loofah sponge, dissolve the hydrothermal carbonized carbon in ethanol to obtain a hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution, and the concentration of hydrothermal carbonized carbon in the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is 1.2 g / L. Then put the polydopamine-modified loofah sponge into the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution and soak it for 24 hours, then apply the mixture obtained in step S3 on the surface of the loofah sponge. After drying, the thickness of the surface layer is 0.05 mm, and HTCC@PDA-OTS is obtained.

[0074] Example 4

[0075] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a multifunctional solar interface evaporation material for disinfection and evaporation and water collection, comprising the following steps:

[0076] S1: Glucose and poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt in a mass ratio of 115:1 were dissolved in water, magnetically stirred for 2 h, and the solution was transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined high-pressure reactor and reacted at 190 °C for 8 h to obtain hydrothermal carbonized carbon.

[0077] S2: adding dopamine hydrochloride to water to obtain a dopamine hydrochloride solution with a concentration of 2.5 mg / L, and then adding Tris-HCl buffer to the dopamine hydrochloride solution to adjust the pH to 9 to obtain a polydopamine solution.

[0078] S3: Octadecyltrichlorosilane was mixed with water by vortexing and ultrasonication, the volume ratio of water to OTS was 25:1, and then n-hexane was added to obtain a mixture. Octadecyltrichlorosilane accounted for 7% of the volume of n-hexane.

[0079] S4: Cut the cylindrical loofah sponge in half, extract the fiber structure in the middle, and obtain a cylindrical loofah sponge with a diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 10 mm. Then wash it three times with distilled water and ethanol ultrasonically, and dry it at 60°C for use. Soak the loofah sponge in a polydopamine solution for 36 hours, remove it and dry it to obtain a polydopamine-modified loofah sponge, dissolve the hydrothermal carbonized carbon in ethanol to obtain a hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution, and the concentration of hydrothermal carbonized carbon in the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is 1.3 g / L. Then put the polydopamine-modified loofah sponge into the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution and soak it for 36 hours, then apply the mixture obtained in step S3 on the surface of the loofah sponge. After drying, the thickness of the surface layer is 0.1 mm, and HTCC@PDA-OTS is obtained.

[0080] Example 5

[0081] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a multifunctional solar interface evaporation material for disinfection and evaporation and water collection. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the concentration of hydrothermal carbonized carbon in the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is 1.1 g / L.

[0082] Comparative Example 1

[0083] This comparative example provides a method for preparing an interface evaporation material, which is different from Example 1 in that steps S2 and S3 are omitted to obtain a loofah sponge loaded only with hydrothermal carbonized carbon (LS+HTCC).

[0084] Comparative Example 2

[0085] This comparative example provides a method for preparing an interfacial evaporation material, which is different from Example 1 in that steps S1 and S3 are omitted to obtain a loofah sponge (LS@PDA / sponge@PDA) only wrapped with polydopamine.

[0086] Comparative Example 3

[0087] This comparative example provides a method for preparing an interface evaporation material. The difference from Example 1 is that step S1 is omitted to obtain a sponge with a surface coated with polydopamine and OTS (LS@PDA-OTS / sponge@PDA-OTS).

[0088] Comparative Example 4

[0089] This comparative example provides a method for preparing an interface evaporation material, which is different from Example 1 in that the concentration of hydrothermal carbonized carbon in the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is 0.5 g / L.

[0090] Comparative Example 5

[0091] This comparative example provides a method for preparing an interface evaporation material, which is different from Example 1 in that the concentration of the hydrothermal carbonized carbon in the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is 0.25 g / L.

[0092] The evaporation rate of the HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1 was compared with that of the photothermal evaporation materials based on carbon nanotubes, graphene / graphene oxide, and activated carbon in the prior art. Figure 2 .pass Figure 2 It can be seen that the evaporation rate of HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1 is higher than that of the photothermal evaporation materials based on carbon nanotubes, graphene / graphene oxide, and activated carbon in the prior art. In addition, after measurement, the evaporation rate of HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Examples 2-5 is also higher than that of the above materials.

[0093] The super hydrophilic layer and super hydrophobic layer of HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1 were characterized to obtain Figure 3 .

[0094] The HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1, the sponge@PDA prepared in Comparative Example 2, the sponge@PDA-OTS prepared in Comparative Example 3 and the cylindrical loofah sponge were characterized by elements. Figure 4 The XPS graph shown. Figure 4 It can be seen that the HTCC@PDA-OTS composite material also contains chlorine and silicon elements compared with other materials.

[0095] Figure 5 This is the contact angle measurement diagram of HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1. Figure 5 It can be seen that the HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1 has both superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity. In addition, after measurement, the HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Examples 2-5 also have both superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity.

[0096] Under the same conditions as the test water, the evaporation rates of HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1, LS+HTCC prepared in Comparative Example 1, LS@PDA prepared in Comparative Example 2, and LS@PDA-OTS prepared in Comparative Example 3 (wherein the control group is the evaporation rate of water without adding any material) were tested, and the results were obtained. Figure 6 (The vertical axis is the change in water mass, which can represent the evaporation rate). Figure 6It can be seen that the evaporation rate of LS+HTCC is higher than that of the control group, but significantly lower than that of LS@PDA, LS@PDA-OTS, and HTCC@PDA-OTS. The evaporation rates of LS@PDA, LS@PDA-OTS, and HTCC@PDA-OTS increase in sequence, indicating that PDA, OTS, and HTCC will affect the evaporation rate of the material, but the influence of PDA and OTS is more significant than that of HTCC. In addition, the evaporation rate of HTCC@PDA-OTS in Examples 2-5 is between that of LS@PDA-OTS and that of HTCC@PDA-OTS in Example 1.

[0097] Under the same conditions as the test water, the evaporation rates of the HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1 and Example 2 and the interface evaporation materials prepared in Comparative Examples 4-5 were tested (the control group was the evaporation rate of water without adding any material), and the results were as follows: Figure 7 .pass Figure 7 It can be seen that the evaporation rate of HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Examples 1 and 2 is higher than that of the interface evaporation material prepared in Comparative Examples 4 to 5. In addition, after testing, under the same processing conditions, the evaporation rate of HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Examples 3 to 5 is between that of Examples 1 and 2.

[0098] The HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1 was used in the evaporation treatment of sodium chloride solutions with different concentrations (the control group was the evaporation rate of pure water), and the results were as follows: Figure 8 .pass Figure 8 It can be seen that the evaporation rate of the HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1 for sodium chloride solution of 20wt% or less and the evaporation rate for pure water have no significant difference, indicating that the HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in the present invention can be used for seawater desalination and high-concentration water treatment, and the problem of salt particle clogging will not occur over time.

[0099] The HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1 was used in the evaporation treatment of a 30 wt% sodium chloride solution, and the crystallization position of the salt particles was observed. Fig. 9 .pass Fig. 9 It can be seen that after sodium chloride crystallizes, it gathers on the surface of the composite material and does not get blocked inside. In addition, when the HTCC@PDA-OTS of Example 2-5 was subjected to evaporation treatment of a 30wt% sodium chloride solution, it was observed that the salt particles also gathered on the surface of the material without getting blocked inside.

[0100] Under sunlight, the HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1 was placed in water containing different types of antibiotics (antibiotics were used to simulate pollutants in the water), and the degradation changes of pollutants under light conditions were compared. Fig.10 The darker the blue, the higher the concentration of the corresponding type of pollutant. Fig.10 It can be seen that HTCC@PDA-OTS has a good degradation effect on various antibiotics.

[0101] Under sunlight, the HTCC@PDA-OTS prepared in Example 1 was placed in water containing different types of pathogens to obtain Fig.11 , where E represents Escherichia coli, S represents Staphylococcus aureus, and V represents bacteriophage VSM13 (M13 phage), and the killing of pathogens under light conditions alone is compared. Fig.11 It can be seen that compared with the light-only condition, HTCC@PDA-OTS can kill bacteria and bacteriophages to a certain extent.

[0102] In addition, after testing, compared with the single light treatment, the HTCC@PDA-OTS of Examples 2-5 also has a better degradation effect on pollutants, such as the above-mentioned antibiotics, and also has a significant killing effect on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and bacteriophages.

[0103] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a multifunctional solar interface evaporation material for disinfection and evaporation and water collection, characterized in that: The steps include: Glucose is reacted with poly (4-styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt by hydrothermal reaction to obtain hydrothermal carbonized carbon; Octadecyltrichlorosilane is mixed with water, and then a non-polar organic solvent is added to obtain a mixture; a loofah sponge is soaked in a polydopamine solution, and after drying, a polydopamine-modified loofah sponge is obtained; then the polydopamine-modified loofah sponge is placed in a hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution to load the hydrothermal carbonized carbon on the polydopamine-modified loofah sponge; and then the mixture is coated on the surface of the loofah sponge to obtain a multifunctional solar interface evaporation material.

2. The method for preparing the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: Glucose and poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt were dissolved in water and then reacted at 170-190° C. for 8-10 h.

3. The method for preparing the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of glucose to poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt is 100:1-115:

1.

4. The method for preparing the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the polydopamine solution is as follows: adding dopamine hydrochloride to water to obtain a dopamine hydrochloride solution, and then adding Tris-HCl buffer to the dopamine hydrochloride solution to obtain a polydopamine solution; The concentration of the dopamine hydrochloride solution is 1.5-2.5 mg / L.

5. The method for preparing the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: Octadecyltrichlorosilane is mixed with water by vortexing and sonication, and then a nonpolar organic solvent is added to obtain a mixture.

6. The method for preparing the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The non-polar organic solvent is n-hexane, and octadecyltrichlorosilane accounts for 3-7% of the volume of the non-polar organic solvent.

7. The method for preparing the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soaking time of the loofah sponge in the polydopamine solution is ≥24 hours, and the soaking time of the polydopamine-modified loofah sponge in the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is ≥24 hours, and the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is continuously stirred during the soaking process; The mixture is coated on the surface of the loofah sponge, and after drying, the thickness of the surface layer is 0.05-0.1 mm.

8. The method for preparing the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is as follows: dissolving the hydrothermal carbonized carbon in ethanol to obtain the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution, wherein the concentration of the hydrothermal carbonized carbon solution is 1-1.5 g / L.

9. Use of the multifunctional solar interface evaporation material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in solar energy utilization, seawater desalination or sewage treatment.

10. A multifunctional solar interface evaporation material for disinfection and evaporation and water collection, characterized in that: The multifunctional solar interface evaporation material is prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1-8.

Images