Adjustable photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system

Abstract

An adjustable photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system provided by the present invention comprises a support, two or more than two semitransparent photovoltaic cells and a photo-thermal reflector, the two or more than two semitransparent photovoltaic cells are arranged in the support along the height direction, and the photo-thermal reflector is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the support. Each semitransparent photovoltaic cell can slide relative to the support, and a light-transmitting area is arranged on each semitransparent photovoltaic cell; the system further comprises a controller and a sensor which are in communication connection, and the sensor is used for collecting environment information. According to the embodiment, the controller controls each semitransparent photovoltaic cell to slide according to the environment information, so that the light-transmitting areas of the plurality of semitransparent photovoltaic cells are in staggered, partially overlapped and completely overlapped states, and the light transmittance is adjusted; the rich functions of adaptively adjusting the photovoltaic and photo-thermal energy distribution ratio and fully utilizing light energy to improve the overall power generation performance are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic thermal technology, and in particular to an adjustable photovoltaic thermal coupling system. Background Art

[0002] As global energy demand continues to grow, solar energy, as a clean and renewable energy source, has gradually increased its share in the energy structure. At present, the utilization of solar energy mainly includes two categories: photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation. Photovoltaic power generation technology converts sunlight directly into electrical energy through photovoltaic cells, while solar thermal power generation technology uses the thermal energy of sunlight to heat the working fluid, and then drives the heat engine to generate electricity. Since the energy of sunlight is mainly distributed in the visible light, ultraviolet light and infrared light bands, the reasonable allocation of light energy in different bands and the improvement of the synergistic utilization rate of photovoltaics and solar thermal energy have become one of the key research directions for the optimization of solar energy comprehensive utilization systems.

[0003] Traditional photovoltaic-photothermal coupling systems usually adopt a fixed spectrum separation strategy, such as configuring photothermal absorption materials behind photovoltaic cells to allow infrared light that is not absorbed by photovoltaic cells to enter the photothermal system. However, this type of fixed spectrum allocation method has certain limitations. First, since the irradiance and spectral composition of sunlight vary with time, weather and season, fixed spectrum allocation schemes are difficult to adapt to dynamically changing lighting conditions, resulting in limited utilization efficiency of photovoltaics and photothermal energy.

[0004] For example, under strong sunlight conditions, if the photovoltaic part absorbs too much light energy and the temperature rises, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency may be reduced. Under weak light conditions, photovoltaic cells with fixed transmittance may not be able to fully utilize the light energy, affecting the overall power generation performance. Secondly, the existing photovoltaic-photothermal coupling system usually uses a single-layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell with a relatively fixed transmittance, which makes it difficult to flexibly adjust the energy distribution ratio of photovoltaics and photothermal according to actual needs. In addition, some technical solutions attempt to optimize spectral utilization by changing the material properties of photovoltaic cells or spectrally selective coatings, but such solutions usually have high manufacturing costs, and once prepared, they cannot be flexibly adjusted during operation. Summary of the invention

[0005] The content of the present invention is used to introduce the concepts in a brief form, which will be described in detail in the detailed implementation section below. The content of the present disclosure is not intended to identify the key features or essential features of the technical solution claimed for protection, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the technical solution claimed for protection.

[0006] The present invention provides an adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system to solve the technical problems mentioned in the above background technology section.

[0007] The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention comprises a bracket, two or more semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and a photothermal reflector, wherein:

[0008] The two or more semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are arranged in the bracket along the height direction, the photothermal reflector is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the bracket, each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell can slide relative to the bracket, and each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is provided with a light-transmitting area;

[0009] The system also includes a controller and a sensor that are communicatively connected. The sensor is used to collect environmental information. The controller controls the sliding of each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell according to the environmental information, so that the light-transmitting areas of multiple semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are staggered, partially overlapped, and completely overlapped to adjust the transmittance.

[0010] Optionally, when the multiple semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are in an aligned state, the light-transmitting areas of each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell are arranged in a staggered manner.

[0011] Optionally, the bracket is provided with slide rails corresponding to the number of the translucent cells, and the multiple translucent photovoltaic cells are configured in the multiple slide rails in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0012] Optionally, the slide rail is a straight or curved slide rail, used to adjust the overlapping areas of multiple semi-transparent photovoltaic cells at different angles.

[0013] Optionally, a transmission mechanism is provided in the slide rail to form a gear-rack driven slide rail, wherein:

[0014] The transmission mechanism includes a rack, a gear and a motor connected to the controller in communication. The rack is set in the slide rail, the gear is fitted to the rack, the gear is connected to one side of the translucent photovoltaic cell, and the motor is used to drive the gear to roll on the rack.

[0015] Optionally, the slide rail is a magnetic levitation slide rail.

[0016] Optionally, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are arranged in two layers, and the shape of each light-transmitting area is a regular strip, a honeycomb, or a gradient grid.

[0017] Optionally, a liquid crystal layer is provided between the two layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, and under the control of an electric field, the liquid crystal layer realizes transparency conversion for further dynamically adjusting the transmittance.

[0018] Optionally, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is configured as two layers, including a first semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and a second semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, wherein the light-transmitting area of ​​the first semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is in a honeycomb shape, and the light-transmitting area of ​​the second semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is in a gradient grid shape.

[0019] Optionally, the environmental information includes light intensity and ambient temperature, which are collected by a light sensor and a temperature sensor.

[0020] The above embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The reason why traditional photovoltaic-thermal coupling systems are difficult to adapt to energy utilization requirements under different environmental conditions and cannot be dynamically adjusted during operation, making it difficult to balance photovoltaic power generation efficiency and thermal energy collection requirements is that traditional photovoltaic-thermal coupling systems usually adopt a fixed spectral separation strategy.

[0022] The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention is provided with two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells that can slide relative to each other and are both provided with light-transmitting areas. Therefore, the light-transmitting area can be changed during the relative sliding process, thereby adjusting the light transmittance and the amount of sunlight received by the photothermal reflector and the light intensity distribution area, thereby improving the flexibility of the system by adapting to a variety of environments through dynamic adjustment.

[0023] Furthermore, multiple sensors collect environmental information such as light intensity and ambient temperature, and the controller adjusts the relative positions of the two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells through relevant algorithms, so that the corresponding light-transmitting areas have no overlap, partial overlap, or complete overlap, thereby changing the transmittance and realizing the rich functions of adaptively adjusting the energy distribution ratio of photovoltaics and solar thermal energy and making full use of light energy to improve the overall power generation performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A top view of an embodiment of the present invention in which light-transmitting areas of two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells do not overlap;

[0027] Figure 3 A perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention in which the light-transmitting areas of two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells do not overlap;

[0028] Figure 4 A top view of an embodiment of the present invention in which light-transmitting areas of two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells partially overlap;

[0029] Figure 5 A perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention in which light-transmitting areas of two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells partially overlap;

[0030] Figure 6 A top view of an embodiment of the present invention in which light-transmitting areas of two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells completely overlap;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a stereoscopic view of an embodiment of the present invention in which the light-transmitting areas of two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells completely overlap.

[0032] Description of reference numerals:

[0033] 1. Bracket; 21. First semi-transparent photovoltaic cell; 22. Second semi-transparent photovoltaic cell; 23. Light-transmitting area; 3. Photothermal reflector; 4. Slide rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0036] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0038] First see Figure 1 , Figure 1 FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the adjustable photovoltaic thermal coupling system of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the adjustable photovoltaic thermal coupling system includes a bracket 1, which is preferably made of corrosion-resistant, high-strength and lightweight materials such as aluminum alloy or carbon fiber composite materials to ensure system stability. The sealing structure of the bracket 1 preferably uses a weather-resistant silicone sealing strip to prevent dust and moisture from entering and affecting the power generation effect.

[0039] Two layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are arranged in the height direction of the support 1, namely, a first semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 21 and a second semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 22. Each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell can slide relative to the support 1.

[0040] The bottom of the bracket 1 is provided with a photothermal reflector 3. The photothermal reflector 3 is preferably provided with a high reflectivity metal or dielectric reflective film, such as a silver-based reflective film or a multi-layer dielectric interference film, to improve the photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0041] See also Figures 2 to 7 , Figure 2 A top view of an embodiment of the present invention in which light-transmitting areas of two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells do not overlap; Figure 3 A perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention in which the light-transmitting areas of two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells do not overlap; Figure 4 A top view of an embodiment of the present invention in which light-transmitting areas of two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells partially overlap; Figure 5 A perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention in which light-transmitting areas of two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells partially overlap; Figure 6 A top view of an embodiment of the present invention in which light-transmitting areas of two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells completely overlap; Figure 7 FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention in which the light-transmitting areas of two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells completely overlap. Figures 2 to 7 As shown, each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is provided with a light-transmitting area 23. The shape of the light-transmitting area 23 includes but is not limited to regular strips, honeycombs, gradient grids, etc. When the two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are completely aligned, multiple light-transmitting areas 23 are arranged alternately. When the two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are pushed and pulled, the light-transmitting areas 23 of the two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are in a state of no overlap, partial overlap, and complete overlap. Since each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is provided with a light-transmitting area 23, the light-transmitting area after the two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are superimposed is changed, thereby adjusting the shading degree and light transmittance.

[0042] At the same time, the adjustment of transmittance is used to change the amount of sunlight received by the photothermal reflector 3 and the light intensity distribution area, thereby effectively adjusting the spectral distribution of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 3, and is used to adjust the coupling structure according to different lighting conditions and weather, and ultimately obtain the best sunlight utilization rate.

[0043] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can adjust the number of layers of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells according to actual conditions, but such changes do not exceed the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] The above-mentioned light-transmitting area 23 can be processed by a variety of processing methods, such as laser etching and mask etching. Specifically, when laser etching is used, picosecond or femtosecond laser (wavelength 355nm or 1030nm) is used for fine etching, and the etching pattern can be designed as a grid, a periodic microhole array, etc., to achieve uniform light transmission. The etching depth and spacing are adjusted according to the target transmittance, for example, the grid spacing is adjustable from 100 to 500μm to optimize photovoltaic / photothermal energy distribution.

[0045] When the mask etching method is used, a metal mask or photoresist coating is used, combined with wet etching (such as HF solution) or plasma dry etching, to locally remove part of the active layer of the photovoltaic cell to form a transparent window and improve the transmittance.

[0046] By selecting light-transmitting regions 23 of different shapes, a variety of solutions for adjusting light transmittance can be formed.

[0047] Solution 1: Two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells use regular strip-shaped light-transmitting areas 23.

[0048] The width and spacing of the regular strip-shaped light-transmitting areas 23 can be adjusted according to the lighting requirements. For example, the width of each regular strip-shaped light-transmitting area 23 is 0.5 mm to 5 mm, and the spacing between two adjacent light-transmitting areas 23 is 1 mm to 10 mm. This solution can be applied to large-scale trough solar power plants.

[0049] In the process of adjusting the transmittance:

[0050] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, when the light-transmitting areas 23 of the two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells do not overlap, that is, the upper and lower regular strip-shaped light-transmitting areas 23 are completely misaligned, the light transmittance is minimal and can reach 30%-40%, maximizing photovoltaic absorption and reducing the photothermal part.

[0051] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, when the light-transmitting areas 23 of the two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells partially overlap, that is, the upper and lower regular strip-shaped light-transmitting areas 23 are partially misaligned, the light transmittance is moderate and can reach 50%-70%, achieving balanced utilization of photovoltaic and solar thermal energy.

[0052] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, when the light-transmitting areas 23 of the two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells completely overlap, that is, the upper and lower regular strip-shaped light-transmitting areas 23 are completely aligned, the light transmittance is maximum, which can reach 80%-90%, and the photothermal reflector 3 receives the most infrared light.

[0053] Solution 2: Two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells use a honeycomb-shaped light-transmitting area 23.

[0054] As an example, the honeycomb-shaped light-transmitting area 23 is a hexagonal honeycomb hole with a circumscribed circle diameter of 1 mm to 10 mm, and the distance between two adjacent light-transmitting areas 23 is 2 mm to 15 mm. By adjusting the misalignment degree of the honeycomb holes of the two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, different light transmittances can be achieved. This method can make the light transmission more uniform and improve the spectral matching degree.

[0055] In the process of adjusting the transmittance:

[0056] When the light-transmitting areas 23 of the two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells do not overlap, that is, the upper and lower layers of honeycomb holes are completely misaligned, the light transmittance is minimal and can reach 20%-30%, which can maximize photovoltaic absorption.

[0057] When the light-transmitting areas 23 of the two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells partially overlap, that is, the upper and lower layers of honeycomb holes are partially misaligned, the light transmittance is moderate and can reach 40%-60%, and the photovoltaic and photothermal phases are balanced.

[0058] When the light-transmitting areas 23 of the two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells completely overlap, that is, the upper and lower layers of honeycomb holes are completely aligned, the light transmittance is maximum, which can reach 80%-90%, and the photothermal reflector 3 receives the most infrared light.

[0059] Solution 3: The first semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 21 and the second semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 22 are respectively configured with a gradient grid and a uniform grid-shaped light-transmitting area 23 .

[0060] The above-mentioned gradient grid is a grid size that gradually increases from the edge to the center. By sliding two layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, the light-transmitting areas 23 of the two layers are dynamically matched. The grid width can be 0.2mm to 3mm, and the distance between two adjacent light-transmitting areas 23 can be 0.5mm to 5mm. This method can be applied to different lighting conditions, making photovoltaic light heat more balanced.

[0061] In the process of adjusting the transmittance:

[0062] When the light-transmitting areas 23 of the two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells do not overlap, that is, the upper and lower layers of grids are completely misaligned, the light transmittance is minimal and can reach 10%-30%, which can maximize photovoltaic absorption.

[0063] When the light-transmitting areas 23 of the two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells partially overlap, that is, the upper and lower layers of grids are partially misaligned, the light transmittance is moderate and can reach 30%-50%, and the photovoltaic and photothermal phases are balanced.

[0064] When the light-transmitting areas 23 of the two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells completely overlap, that is, the upper and lower layers of grids are completely aligned, the light transmittance is the highest, which can reach 60%-70%, and the light-to-heat ratio is high.

[0065] Option 4:

[0066] A liquid crystal layer is set between two layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, and the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is controlled by an electric field to achieve transparent / opaque conversion.

[0067] The light-transmitting areas 23 of the upper and lower layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells can be selected to be regular strips or honeycomb-shaped, so as to realize dynamic control of light transmittance by combining the conversion of the liquid crystal layer, so as to be suitable for intelligent photovoltaic-photothermal synergistic system, which can automatically adjust according to the lighting conditions.

[0068] In the process of adjusting the transmittance:

[0069] When the liquid crystal layer is not controlled by an electric field, the liquid crystal layer is in a transparent state and has the highest light transmittance, which can reach 90%-100%.

[0070] When the liquid crystal layer is controlled by a medium-intensity electric field, the liquid crystal layer is partially shielded and the light transmittance is moderate, which can reach 40%-60%.

[0071] When the liquid crystal layer is controlled by a high-intensity electric field, the liquid crystal layer is completely blocked and the light transmittance is the lowest, reaching 0%-10%, maximizing photovoltaic absorption.

[0072] In the above schemes 1 to 4, the light-transmitting regions 23 of the two layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells adopt the same shape. Of course, different shapes can also be used to adjust the light transmittance.

[0073] For example, the first semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 21 and the second semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 22 are respectively provided with honeycomb-shaped and gradient grid-shaped light-transmitting regions 23, which can enhance the dynamic balance between photovoltaic and photothermal.

[0074] In order to enable each translucent photovoltaic cell to slide relative to the bracket 1, thereby achieving the state of no overlap, partial overlap and complete overlap of the light-transmitting area 23, a linear slide is connected on the inner wall of the bracket 1 by high-strength bolts or rivets, and the two translucent photovoltaic cells are configured in two linear slides one by one. The staff pushes the two translucent photovoltaic cells to adjust the transmittance. The above-mentioned linear slide has a simple structure and is combined with the above-mentioned scheme for adjusting the transmittance, which is suitable for planar-mounted photovoltaic thermal coupling systems, such as trough-type solar thermal power stations, tower-type solar thermal power stations, linear Fresnel-type solar thermal power stations, etc.

[0075] The curved slide rail can also be connected to the inner wall of the bracket 1 by high-strength bolts or rivets, and the two translucent photovoltaic cells cooperate with the two curved slide rails, so that the two translucent photovoltaic cells can slide along the arc track, thereby adjusting the overlapping area at different angles. The curved slide rail is suitable for a curved photothermal reflector 3, such as a parabolic trough reflector, and can ensure the best fit between the photovoltaic cell and the reflector. The arc motion can achieve higher adjustment accuracy and improve the optimization effect of spectrum distribution.

[0076] It should be noted that, no matter whether a linear slide rail or a curved slide rail is used, positioning pins can be added to fix the relative positions of the two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells. Those skilled in the art can set them according to actual conditions or existing technologies.

[0077] The above-mentioned linear guide rail and curved guide rail are made of high-strength aluminum alloy such as model 6061-T6, or 304 stainless steel, and the surface is anodized or polytetrafluoroethylene coated to improve wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

[0078] The slide rail 4 is precisely processed by CNC to ensure dimensional accuracy, for example, the tolerance is controlled within ±0.05mm. A low-friction ball bearing or a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) slider is embedded inside the slide rail 4 to improve the smoothness of sliding. The slider is connected to both ends of the translucent photovoltaic cell to ensure smooth sliding without obvious looseness. Limiters are provided at both ends of the slide rail 4 to prevent the translucent photovoltaic cell from sliding off the track.

[0079] Furthermore, a transmission mechanism is provided in the above-mentioned linear slide or curved slide to form a gear-rack driven slide, which is combined with the above-mentioned solution for adjusting the transmittance to enhance the automation and intelligent performance of the system. Taking the linear slide as an example, a gear-rack transmission mechanism is provided in the linear slide, the rack is provided in the linear slide, the gear is matched to the rack, and the gear is also connected to one side of the translucent photovoltaic cell. In the working state, the gear is driven to rotate by the motor to realize the synchronous push-pull adjustment of the translucent photovoltaic cell.

[0080] In addition to setting the above-mentioned transmission mechanism, a linear module can also be set in the linear slide rail to connect with one side of the corresponding translucent photovoltaic cell. The above-mentioned linear module can include but is not limited to one of the following: a ball screw linear module, a synchronous belt linear module, a linear motor driven linear module, etc.

[0081] In addition, a controller and various sensors can also be set up, and information such as light intensity and ambient temperature can be collected by the sensors and transmitted to the controller. The above-mentioned sensors include light sensors, temperature sensors, etc. The above-mentioned controller is used to control the motor to work after processing the above-mentioned information, so as to intelligently adjust the relative position of the two translucent photovoltaic cells, thereby changing the transmittance and realizing adaptive adjustment. Therefore, it can be applied to large-scale photovoltaic thermal power stations to realize intelligent spectrum adjustment. Those skilled in the art can determine the above-mentioned controller according to actual conditions. For example, the above-mentioned controller can be MCU (Microcontroller Unit, microcontroller unit), PLC (Programmable Logic Controller, programmable logic controller), DSP (Digital Signal Processor, digital signal processor), etc.

[0082] The slide rail 4 can also be a magnetic suspension slide rail, which uses magnetic force to control the sliding of two translucent photovoltaic cells to reduce friction loss, thereby achieving ultra-low power consumption regulation, which is suitable for scenes requiring high-precision regulation, such as satellite solar panels, microgrid solar systems, etc.

[0083] The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention collects environmental information such as light intensity and ambient temperature through a variety of sensors, and adjusts the relative positions of two semi-transparent photovoltaic cells through relevant algorithms so that the corresponding light-transmitting areas have no overlap, partial overlap, or complete overlap, thereby changing the light transmittance and realizing the rich functions of adaptively adjusting the energy distribution ratio of photovoltaics and thermal energy and making full use of light energy to improve the overall power generation performance.

[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable photovoltaic thermal coupling system, characterized in that: It includes a bracket, two or more semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and a photothermal reflector, wherein: The two or more semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are arranged in the bracket along the height direction, the photothermal reflector is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the bracket, each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell can slide relative to the bracket, and each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is provided with a light-transmitting area; The system also includes a controller and a sensor that are communicatively connected. The sensor is used to collect environmental information. The controller controls the sliding of each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell according to the environmental information, so that the light-transmitting areas of multiple semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are staggered, partially overlapped, and completely overlapped, so as to flexibly adjust the energy distribution of photovoltaics and photothermal energy by adjusting the transmittance.

2. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the multiple semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are in an aligned state, the light-transmitting areas of each semi-transparent photovoltaic cell are arranged in a staggered manner.

3. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bracket is provided with slide rails corresponding to the number of the translucent cells, and the plurality of translucent photovoltaic cells are arranged in the plurality of slide rails in a one-to-one correspondence.

4. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slide rail is a straight or curved slide rail, and is used to adjust the overlapping areas of multiple semi-transparent photovoltaic cells at different angles.

5. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A transmission mechanism is arranged in the slide rail to form a gear-rack driven slide rail, wherein: The transmission mechanism includes a rack, a gear and a motor connected to the controller in communication. The rack is set in the slide rail, the gear is fitted to the rack, the gear is connected to one side of the translucent photovoltaic cell, and the motor is used to drive the gear to roll on the rack.

6. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slide rail is a magnetic suspension slide rail.

7. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: The semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are arranged in two layers, and the shape of each light-transmitting area is a regular strip, a honeycomb or a gradient grid.

8. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A liquid crystal layer is arranged between the two layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells. Under the control of the electric field, the liquid crystal layer realizes transparency conversion for further dynamically adjusting the transmittance.

9. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is arranged in two layers, including a first semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and a second semi-transparent photovoltaic cell. The light-transmitting area of ​​the first semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is in a honeycomb shape, and the light-transmitting area of ​​the second semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is in a gradient grid shape.

10. The adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental information includes light intensity and ambient temperature, which are collected by light sensors and temperature sensors.

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