Parameter determination method, communication device and system

Abstract

A parameter determination method, communication device and system, the method being executed by a transmission device connected with a first client device of a first data center, the method comprising: determining a transmission delay and / or a transmission distance of a transmission pipeline between the first data center and a second data center; time delay indication information is sent to the first client side equipment, the time delay indication information indicates transmission time delay and / or a transmission distance, and the transmission time delay and / or the transmission distance are / is used for determining at least one of the following items: the number of sending queues, the depth and the block size of a message block of the service data; wherein the service data is from the first client side equipment and needs to be transmitted through the transmission pipeline, and the sending queue is a queue of the first client side equipment when the service data is sent through the transmission pipeline. The technical scheme can be applied to the technical field of communication, and when data long-distance transmission is carried out based on the RDMA, the throughput during data transmission is improved, so that the efficiency of data long-distance transmission is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a parameter determination method, a communication device and a system. Background Art

[0002] With the standardization of hardware computing equipment and algorithm models and the maturity of software technologies such as artificial intelligence and cloud computing, there has been an explosive growth in data. Scenarios where data production and processing are separated across regions will become increasingly common, involving how to efficiently move large amounts of data over long distances. Long-distance lossless transmission technology is a very important technology among them, and it is highly practical and economical.

[0003] The traditional transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP / IP) has many limitations in high-speed and long-distance networks. Its transmission performance cannot meet the needs of the growing number of massive data transmission applications. The data transmission method has gradually evolved to remote direct memory access (RDMA). Compared with the traditional TCP / IP-based transmission method, RDMA can transfer data from one server to another, or from storage to server, with very little central processing unit (CPU) occupation, which is more efficient.

[0004] However, when RDMA technology is applied to long-distance data transmission, the increase in the distance between the data sender and the data receiver will lead to a decrease in throughput. Therefore, how to improve the throughput of long-distance data transmission has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a parameter determination method, a communication device and a system, which can improve the throughput of data during long-distance transmission, thereby improving the efficiency of long-distance data transmission.

[0006] In the first aspect, a parameter determination method is provided, which can be executed by a first transmission device or a component of the first transmission device (such as a chip or a chip system), and the present application does not limit this. The first transmission device is connected to a first client-side device of a first data center (DC), and the method includes: determining the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of a first transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC; sending delay indication information to the first client-side device, the delay indication information indicates the transmission delay and / or transmission distance, and the transmission delay and / or transmission distance are used to determine the transmission parameters, and the transmission parameters indicate at least one of the following: the number of transmission queues, the depth of the transmission queue, and the block size of the message block of the service data; wherein the service data is data from the first client-side device and needs to be transmitted through the first transmission pipeline, and the transmission queue is the queue of the first client-side device when the service data is sent through the first transmission pipeline.

[0007] In some implementations, the depth of the transmit queue indicates the number of message blocks that each transmit queue includes.

[0008] In some implementations, before receiving the delay indication information, the method further includes: sending measurement indication information to the first transmission device, where the measurement indication information is used to instruct the first transmission device to determine the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the first transmission pipeline.

[0009] In some implementations, the latency indication information may be transmitted based on a control plane protocol or a management plane protocol.

[0010] In some implementations, the transmission delay between the first transmission device and the first client-side device is negligible or calibrable.

[0011] It should be noted that the transmission delay of the first transmission pipeline can be a one-way transmission delay or a round-trip transmission delay. The one-way transmission delay refers to the time it takes for the first client-side device to send information to the client-side device of the second DC to receive the information; the round-trip transmission delay refers to the sum of the time it takes for the first client-side device to send information to the client-side device of the second DC to receive the information and the time it takes for the client-side device of the second DC to send information to the first client-side device to receive the information.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the transmission device notifies the end-side device of the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the transmission pipeline, which helps the client-side device to set the parameters for sending data, thereby improving the throughput of data transmission between data centers and helping to improve the efficiency of long-distance data transmission.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, determining the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of a first transmission pipeline between a first DC and a second DC includes: when a second transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC fails and the second transmission pipeline is switched to the first transmission pipeline, determining the transmission delay and / or transmission distance.

[0014] In the above technical solution, after the transmission device determines that the transmission pipeline fails and switches the transmission pipeline, it determines the transmission and / or transmission distance of the transmission pipeline after switching, and notifies the client-side device, which helps the client-side device to adjust the sending parameters and transmission pipeline of the business data in time, and helps to ensure the continuity and high efficiency of business data transmission.

[0015] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes: sending fault indication information to the first client side device, the fault indication information indicating that a fault has occurred in the second transmission pipeline, and instructing the first client side device to transmit business data through the first transmission pipeline.

[0016] In the above technical solution, when the second transmission pipeline is detected to have a fault, the client-side device can still send service data to the transmission device according to the parameters or address of the second transmission pipeline. At this time, even if the transmission device receives the service data, it cannot transmit the service data to the second DC through the second transmission pipeline. Therefore, indicating the fault to the client-side device helps to prevent the client-side device from continuing to send service data to the transmission device according to the parameters or address of the second transmission pipeline, and can save the overhead required for the transmission of service data between the client-side device and the transmission device.

[0017] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the method also includes: sending bit error information to the first client-side device, the bit error information indicating a bit error rate of a third transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC, and the bit error rate is used to control the switching of the third transmission pipeline to the first transmission pipeline.

[0018] In some implementations, the delay indication information and the error information may be transmitted through the same message.

[0019] It should be understood that after the transmission pipeline is switched to the first transmission pipeline, the first transmission device may determine the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the first transmission pipeline.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the bit error rate is indicated to the client-side device, so that when the bit error rate of the third transmission pipeline is high, the client-side device can promptly control the transmission pipeline to switch to the first transmission pipeline, which helps to reduce the impact of business data packet loss on the transmission speed and can improve the business performance of the client-side device.

[0021] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the delay indication information further indicates a bandwidth of the first transmission channel, and the bandwidth is used to determine the sending parameters.

[0022] In the above technical solution, when the bandwidth of the transmission pipeline is not fixed, the bandwidth of the first transmission pipeline is indicated to the client-side device, so that the client-side device can determine the sending parameters.

[0023] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the delay indication information further indicates that the networking type between the first DC and the second DC is a hard pipe or a soft pipe.

[0024] In some implementations, the bandwidth of the first transmission pipe, the networking type between the first DC and the second DC, and the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the first transmission pipe may be sent via different information, for example, via delay indication information of different frames.

[0025] When the networking type between the first DC and the second DC is a soft pipe, the first transmission pipe includes multiple sub-transmission pipes, and the transmission delay of the first transmission pipe includes: the transmission delay of each transmission pipe in the multiple sub-transmission pipes.

[0026] In some implementations, when the first transmission pipeline includes multiple sub-transmission pipelines, the client-side device can add an additional transmission delay to the received transmission delay of the first transmission pipeline to obtain a corrected transmission delay, and then determine the sending parameters based on the corrected transmission delay, which helps to reduce the probability of congestion during business data transmission.

[0027] In the above technical solution, indicating the networking type between the first DC and the second DC to the client-side device helps the client-side device to select a method for determining sending parameters according to the networking type.

[0028] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first DC and the second DC transmit business data through the RDMA protocol.

[0029] In the second aspect, a parameter determination method is provided, which can be executed by a first client-side device in a first DC, or can also be executed by a component (such as a chip or a chip system) of the first client-side device, and the present application does not limit this. The method includes: receiving delay indication information from a first transmission device, the delay indication information indicates the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of a first transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC; determining a sending parameter according to the transmission delay and / or transmission distance, the sending parameter indicates at least one of the following: the number of sending queues, the depth of the sending queue, and the block size of the message block of the service data; wherein the service data is data from the first client-side device and needs to be transmitted through the first transmission pipeline, and the sending queue is a queue of the first client-side device when sending service data through the first transmission pipeline.

[0030] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the method also includes: receiving bit error information from the first transmission device, the bit error information indicating a bit error rate of a third transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC; when the bit error rate is greater than or equal to a bit error rate threshold, controlling the third transmission pipeline to be switched to the first transmission pipeline.

[0031] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the method also includes: receiving fault indication information from a first transmission device, the fault indication information indicating that a fault has occurred in a second transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC; and transmitting service data through the first transmission pipeline according to the fault indication information.

[0032] In combination with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the delay indication information further indicates a bandwidth of the first transmission channel, and the bandwidth is used to determine the sending parameters.

[0033] In combination with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the delay indication information further indicates that the networking type between the first DC and the second DC is a hard pipe or a soft pipe.

[0034] In combination with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the first transmission pipeline includes multiple sub-transmission pipelines, and the transmission delay of the first transmission pipeline includes: the transmission delay of each transmission pipeline in the multiple sub-transmission pipelines.

[0035] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the first DC and the second DC transmit business data via an RDMA protocol.

[0036] According to a third aspect, a communication device is provided, which can be arranged in the above-mentioned first client-side device, and the device includes a processing unit and a transceiver unit, wherein the processing unit is used to: determine the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the first transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC; the transceiver unit is used to: send delay indication information to the first client-side device, the delay indication information indicates the transmission delay and / or transmission distance, the transmission delay and / or transmission distance is used to determine the sending parameters, and the sending parameters indicate at least one of the following: the number of sending queues, the depth of the sending queue, and the block size of the message block of the business data; wherein the business data is data from the first client-side device and needs to be transmitted through the first transmission pipeline, and the sending queue is the queue of the first client-side device when sending the business data through the first transmission pipeline.

[0037] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the processing unit is used to: determine the transmission delay and / or transmission distance when a second transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC fails and the second transmission pipeline is switched to the first transmission pipeline.

[0038] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the transceiver unit is also used to: send fault indication information to the first client side device, the fault indication information indicates that a fault has occurred in the second transmission pipeline, and instructs the first client side device to transmit business data through the first transmission pipeline.

[0039] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the transceiver unit is used to: send bit error information to the first client-side device, the bit error information indicates a bit error rate of a third transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC, and the bit error rate is used to control the switching of the third transmission pipeline to the first transmission pipeline.

[0040] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the delay indication information further indicates a bandwidth of the first transmission channel, and the bandwidth is used to determine a sending parameter.

[0041] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the delay indication information further indicates that the networking type between the first DC and the second DC is a hard pipe or a soft pipe.

[0042] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the first transmission pipeline includes multiple sub-transmission pipelines, and the transmission delay of the first transmission pipeline includes: the transmission delay of each transmission pipeline in the multiple sub-transmission pipelines.

[0043] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the first DC and the second DC transmit business data via an RDMA protocol.

[0044] In a fourth aspect, a communication device is provided, which can be arranged in the above-mentioned first transmission device, and the device includes a processing unit and a transceiver unit, wherein the transceiver unit is used to: receive delay indication information from the first transmission device, the delay indication information indicates the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the first transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC; the processing unit is used to: determine the sending parameters according to the transmission delay and / or the transmission distance, the sending parameters indicate at least one of the following: the number of sending queues, the depth of the sending queue, and the block size of the message block of the business data; wherein the business data is data from the first client side device and needs to be transmitted through the first transmission pipeline, and the sending queue is the queue of the first client side device when sending the business data through the first transmission pipeline.

[0045] In combination with the fourth aspect, in certain implementations of the fourth aspect, the transceiver unit is also used to: receive bit error information from the first transmission device, the bit error information indicating the bit error rate of the third transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC; the processing unit is also used to: when the bit error rate is greater than or equal to the bit error rate threshold, control the switching of the third transmission pipeline to the first transmission pipeline.

[0046] In combination with the fourth aspect, in certain implementations of the fourth aspect, the transceiver unit is also used to: receive fault indication information from the first transmission device, the fault indication information indicating that a fault has occurred in the second transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC; the processing unit is also used to: transmit service data through the first transmission pipeline according to the fault indication information.

[0047] In combination with the fourth aspect, in certain implementations of the fourth aspect, the delay indication information further indicates a bandwidth of the first transmission channel, and the bandwidth is used to determine the sending parameters.

[0048] In combination with the fourth aspect, in certain implementations of the fourth aspect, the delay indication information further indicates that the networking type between the first DC and the second DC is a hard pipe or a soft pipe.

[0049] In combination with the fourth aspect, in certain implementations of the fourth aspect, the first transmission pipeline includes multiple sub-transmission pipelines, and the transmission delay of the first transmission pipeline includes: the transmission delay of each transmission pipeline in the multiple sub-transmission pipelines.

[0050] In combination with the fourth aspect, in certain implementations of the fourth aspect, the first DC and the second DC transmit business data via an RDMA protocol.

[0051] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a processor for executing the methods provided in the above aspects. For operations such as sending and receiving involved in the processor, if there is no special description, or if it does not conflict with its actual role or internal logic in the relevant description, it can be understood as operations such as processor output, reception, and input, and can also be understood as sending and receiving operations performed by a radio frequency circuit and an antenna, and this application does not limit this.

[0052] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions or program codes, and when the instructions or program codes are executed by a processor, the method provided by any one of the implementation modes of the first aspect or the second aspect can be implemented.

[0053] In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product comprising instructions. When the computer program product is run on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the method provided in any one of the implementations of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0054] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor reads instructions stored in a memory through the communication interface and executes the method provided in any one of the implementations of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0055] Optionally, as an implementation method, the chip also includes a memory, in which a computer program or instructions are stored, and the processor is used to execute the computer program or instructions stored in the memory. When the computer program or instructions are executed, the processor is used to execute the method provided in any one of the implementation methods of the first or second aspect above.

[0056] The beneficial effects brought about by the second to eighth aspects mentioned above can be specifically referred to the description of the beneficial effects in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 It is a schematic block diagram of the communication system architecture provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0058] Figure 2 It is another schematic block diagram of the communication system architecture provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0059] Figure 3 This is another schematic block diagram of the communication system architecture provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0060] Figure 4 It is a schematic flowchart of the parameter determination method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0061] Figure 5It is another schematic flowchart of the parameter determination method provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0062] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the message structure that carries the message provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0063] Figure 7 It is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0064] Figure 8 This is another schematic block diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0065] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of a chip system provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present application, the terms involved in the present application are introduced below.

[0067] 1. Data transmission based on TCP / IP: When node A transmits data to node B based on TCP / IP, node A copies the data in the memory to the kernel cache through the CPU, and adds headers of each layer (such as TCP header, IP header, etc.) and checksums to the data through the TCP / IP protocol stack. Then the network card of node A copies the processed data in the kernel cache to the network card buffer and sends the processed data to node B through the physical link. After receiving the processed data, node B performs the opposite process of node A to parse the data.

[0068] 2. Data transmission based on RDMA: Data is transferred from one memory area to another through direct memory access between network adapters without the intervention of the CPU. When node A transmits data to node B based on RDMA, node A writes the data to its own memory cache area and sends the address and length of the memory cache area to node B. After node B receives the address and length of the memory cache area, it reads the data from the corresponding address and writes it to its own memory cache area. Furthermore, node B sends a confirmation message to node A to indicate to node A that the data has been successfully received. The above nodes can be understood as client-side devices.

[0069] 3. Transmission pipeline: Generally speaking, it is a logical channel used for communication, or called a transmission link, transmission channel, etc., which refers to the path for transmitting business data (hereinafter referred to as data) between two client-side devices. There can be one or more transmission pipelines between two client-side devices. The transmission distance (or transmission delay) of each transmission pipeline in multiple transmission pipelines may be different, or they may be the same.

[0070] 4. Queue pair (QP): Two client devices communicate through QP. A QP includes a send queue (SQ) and a receive queue (RQ) as well as the corresponding send completion queue (SCQ) and receive completion queue (RCQ). When the sending client device sends a request, it encapsulates the request into a work queue element (WQE) and sends it to the SQ. Then the RDMA network card sends the WQE out. When the WQE is completed, a completion queue element (CQE) will be placed in the corresponding SCQ. The CQE in the SCQ can be used to confirm whether the corresponding WQE is sent successfully.

[0071] The depth of each queue (such as SQ or RQ) indicates the maximum number of message blocks that the queue can include, and the message block can be an RDMA message block. That is, the depth of the sending queue can be understood as the maximum number of message blocks that the sending queue can include.

[0072] In actual implementation, one transmission pipeline may correspond to one or more queue pairs, and the depth of the sending queue in each queue pair may be the same or different.

[0073] 5. Block size: One SQ may include one or more message blocks, and the block size indicates the size of each message block.

[0074] 6. Hard pipe: A transmission pipe in which the services transmitted will not be congested. The transmission delay of the hard pipe is less affected by the size of the data flow, or is not affected by the size of the data flow. In other words, the transmission delay of the hard pipe can be approximately considered to be fixed. For example, a hard pipe can be an OTN pipe, a transmission pipe between two optical modules (such as a ZR color optical module), etc. Among them, ZR stands for the longest distance (Ze best range), and the ZR color optical module represents an optical module that supports a transmission distance of up to 80 kilometers on a single-mode optical fiber.

[0075] 7. Soft pipe: A transmission pipe in which the services transmitted may be congested. Therefore, the transmission delay of the soft pipe is greatly affected by the size of the data flow. In other words, the transmission delay of the soft pipe is not fixed and may fluctuate greatly. For example, the soft pipe can be an IP pipe or a multipath label switching (MPLS) pipe.

[0076] As mentioned above, with the standardization of hardware computing equipment and algorithm models and the maturity of software technologies such as artificial intelligence and cloud computing, there has been an explosive growth in data, which has also brought new challenges and requirements for data transmission. For example, the computing power required for artificial intelligence (AI) training reasoning, industrial simulation, drug development, gene sequencing, animation rendering, meteorological environmental protection and other scenarios is very large. The computing power of the enterprise's own Internet data center (IDC) is limited and cannot meet the demands of rapid simulation and rapid verification of products. It is necessary to use the massive computing resources in the cloud server to accelerate data processing efficiency. However, the current data volume is large. Taking the autonomous driving road test vehicle as an example, the data volume of the training samples produced by a single vehicle per day is several terabytes (TB) to tens of TB. These data may need to be transmitted over long distances multiple times between the cloud server and the enterprise IDC. Taking the cloud server as node A and the enterprise IDC as node B as an example, when data transmission is carried out between nodes A and B based on RDMA and the data volume is large, node A needs to send data to node B multiple times. Generally speaking, node A will send data again after receiving the confirmation message sent by node B. When the distance between node A and node B is far, the transmission delay between the two will cause node A to take a certain amount of time to receive the confirmation message. During the time node A is waiting for the confirmation message, it generally will not transmit data to node B, resulting in a decrease in throughput and a waste of bandwidth resources.

[0077] In order to improve the throughput of data during long-distance transmission, an embodiment of the present application provides a parameter determination method, a communication device and a system, wherein the communication system includes a first DC and a second DC, and data can be transmitted between the first DC and the second DC based on (optical transport network, OTN). Each DC includes at least one client-side device, and the client-side device in the sending-end DC is connected to the client-side device of the receiving-end DC through the first transmission device and the second transmission device, wherein the transmission delay between the first transmission device and the client-side device in the sending-end DC, and the transmission delay between the client-side device in the receiving-end DC and the second transmission device can be ignored. In an embodiment of the present application, the transmission device can determine the transmission distance and / or transmission delay of a transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC, and the transmission pipeline is used to transmit data. Furthermore, the transmission device notifies the client-side device of the transmission distance and / or transmission delay of the transmission pipeline, so that the client-side device adjusts the transmission parameters according to the transmission distance and / or transmission delay to adjust the throughput when transmitting data through the above-mentioned transmission pipeline.

[0078] The technical solution in this application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0079] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the communication system architecture provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 1 As shown in (a), the communication system includes a data center 100 and a data center 200, the data center 100 includes a client-side device 110, the data center 200 includes a client-side device 210, and the client-side device 110 is connected to the client-side device 210 through a transmission device 120 and a transmission device 220 in sequence. Data transmission is performed between the data center 100 and the data center 200 via an OTN network, or data transmission is performed between the data center 100 and the data center 200 via an optical module. More specifically, the client-side device 110 sends the data to be transmitted to the transmission device 220 via the transmission device 120, and the client-side device 210 obtains the data from the transmission device 220 and stores and / or performs calculations. Among them, the client-side equipment may include storage devices and / or computing devices. More specifically, the client-side equipment may be terminal equipment, single-host servers, multi-virtual machine servers, traditional three-layer switches, gateways and other devices; the transmission equipment may include OTN equipment, synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment, packet transport network (PTN) equipment and other devices that can transmit data through optical transmission networks.

[0080] In some implementations, at least one switch or routing device is included between the data center 100 and the data center 200, so that the transmission pipeline between the data center 100 and the data center 200 is divided into at least two sub-transmission pipelines, such as Figure 1 As shown in (b) in FIG. 1 . Exemplarily, the switch or routing device can transmit data with the transmission device 120 via the transmission device a, and transmit data with the transmission device 220 via the transmission device b. Exemplarily, when the transmission pipeline between the data center 100 and the data center 200 includes at least two sub-transmission pipelines, the transmission pipeline can be regarded as a soft pipeline.

[0081] based on Figure 1 The application scenario shown in the figure, the embodiment of the present application provides a communication system architecture, specifically as Figure 2 As shown. Figure 2As shown in (a), the client-side device 110 may include a message parsing module 111 and a processing module 112, and the transmission device 120 includes a delay / distance determination module 121. The transmission device 120 transmits a measurement message between port 1 and port 4 of the transmission device 220 to determine the transmission distance and / or transmission delay between the transmission device 120 and the transmission device 220, and the transmission distance and / or transmission delay can be approximately considered as the transmission distance and / or transmission delay between the data center 100 and the data center 200. Exemplarily, the transmission device 120 carries the information of the time t1 when the measurement message 1 is sent in the measurement message 1, the transmission device 220 receives the measurement message 1 and records the time t2 when the measurement message 1 is received, and further, the transmission device 220 sends the measurement message 2 in response to the measurement message 1, and carries the information of the time t2 when the measurement message 1 is received and the time t3 when the measurement message 2 is sent in the measurement message 2. When or after the transmission device 120 receives the measurement message 2 through port 1 at time t4, the delay / distance determination module 121 determines the one-way transmission delay Tdelay and / or transmission distance S between the transmission device 1 and the transmission device 2 according to the measurement message 2. Wherein, Tdelay = [(t2-t1) + (t4-t3)] / 2; when the transmission pipeline between the transmission device 120 and the transmission device 220 is a hard pipeline, S = Tdelay*c, c is the transmission speed of the transmission pipeline. When or after the delay / distance determination module 121 determines the transmission delay and / or transmission distance, the transmission device 120 generates a message 1 according to the transmission delay and / or transmission distance, and sends it to the port 6 of the client-side device 110 through the port 3. The message 1 is used to indicate the transmission distance and / or transmission delay between the data center 100 and the data center 200. The client-side device 110 receives the message 1, parses the message 1 through the message parsing module 111, and obtains the transmission delay and / or the transmission distance. Further, the processing module 112 determines the sending parameters according to the transmission delay and / or the transmission distance.

[0082] In some implementations, there is at least one switch or routing device between the transmission device 120 and the transmission device 220, and the transmission pipeline between the transmission device 120 and the transmission device 220 is divided into multiple sub-transmission pipelines. The transmission device of each sub-transmission pipeline determines the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of its corresponding sub-transmission pipeline, and reports it to the transmission device 120 in sequence. Figure 1Taking the architecture shown in (b) as an example, transmission device b can determine the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the sub-transmission pipe 1 between it and transmission device 220, and send it to transmission device a. Transmission device a can carry the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the above-mentioned sub-transmission pipe 1 in the measurement message sent to transmission device 120, so that transmission device 120 can determine the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the sub-transmission pipe 2 between it and transmission device a based on the measurement message, and can obtain the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of sub-transmission pipe 1 from the measurement message. In this way, transmission device 120 can determine the transmission delay and / or transmission distance between transmission device 120 and transmission device 220 based on the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of sub-transmission pipe 1 and sub-transmission pipe 2.

[0083] In some implementations, there are two or more transmission pipelines between the transmission device 120 and the transmission device 220, for example, Figure 2 As shown in (b), there is a transmission pipeline 1 between port 1 and port 4, and a transmission pipeline 2 between port 2 and port 5 between the transmission device 120 and the transmission device 220. When the protection module 122 of the transmission device 120 determines that the transmission pipeline 1 fails, the transmission pipeline 1 can be switched to the transmission pipeline 2, that is, the communication port with the transmission device 220 is switched from port 1 to port 2. Further, the delay / distance determination module 121 of the transmission device 120 determines the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the transmission pipeline 2 through the measurement message received at port 2, and notifies the client-side device 110 of the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the transmission pipeline 2 through message 1. Exemplarily, after the protection module 122 switches the transmission pipeline, the transmission device 120 can also send a message 2 to the client-side device 110 to notify the client-side device of the switching of the transmission pipeline.

[0084] Understandably, Figure 2 The data center 100 is used as an example for explanation. When the data center 200 is the data sending end, the actions performed by the transmission device 220 and the client-side device 210 can refer to the description in the above embodiment.

[0085] In some implementations, there may be two or more service paths for the client-side device, each service path is carried through a different transmission pipeline, and when the bit error rate of data during transmission is high, data packet loss may occur, and packet loss will cause the service running on the client-side device to slow down. Therefore, in the process of data center 100 sending data to data center 200, transmission device 220 can determine the bit error rate of the service path based on the received signal, and then send the bit error rate information to transmission device 120. Transmission device 120 can directly notify client-side device 110 of the bit error rate, or, when the bit error rate is greater than or equal to the bit error rate threshold, transmission device 120 notifies client-side device 110 of the bit error rate. Further, when the bit error rate is greater than or equal to the bit error rate threshold, the client-side device can switch the service path.

[0086] In an example, Figure 3 As shown in (a), the client-side device is connected to the transmission device through two independent ports. Furthermore, the transmission device is connected to different transmission pipes through the two ports, and each transmission pipe is used to carry different service path client-side devices. For example, port a of the client-side device 110 is connected to the transmission pipe a through ports c and e of the transmission device 120, and port b of the client-side device 110 is connected to the transmission pipe b through ports d and f of the transmission device 120. Exemplarily, when the bit error rate of the service path corresponding to the transmission channel a is greater than or equal to the bit error rate threshold, the client-side device can schedule ports d and f of the transmission device 120 for data transmission, thereby realizing the switching of the service path.

[0087] In another example, Figure 3 As shown in (b), the client-side device is connected to the transmission device through a port, and further, the transmission device is connected to different transmission pipes through two ports, and each transmission pipe is used to carry different service paths. For example, the client-side device, port a of the client-side device 110 is connected to the transmission pipe a through the port c and port e of the transmission device 120, and the client-side device 110 multiplexes port a and port e, and is connected to the transmission pipe b through the port f of the transmission device 120. Exemplarily, when the bit error rate of the service path corresponding to the transmission channel a is greater than or equal to the bit error rate threshold, the client-side device schedules the port f of the transmission device 120 for data transmission by modifying the IP address or virtual local area network identifier (VLANID) and other information, thereby realizing the switching of the service path.

[0088] Among them, port e and Figure 2 Port 1 in can be the same port or a different port, and port g and Figure 2 Port 4 in can be the same port or different ports, and port f and Figure 2 Port 2 in can be the same port or a different port, and port h is Figure 2 The port 5 in can be the same port or a different port.

[0089] In some implementations, the client-side device can exchange information with the transmission device through a device that can implement routing forwarding, such as a switch or a routing device. Exemplarily, the switch or routing device can receive message 1 and forward message 1 to the client-side device. Alternatively, the switch or routing device can also obtain the transmission delay and / or transmission distance from message 1, and perform traffic management based on the transmission delay and / or transmission distance, for example, setting the back pressure on threshold XON and the back pressure off threshold XOFF of the priority-based flow control (PFC).

[0090] It should be understood that Figures 1 to 3 The system shown is only an example. In a specific implementation, a data center may include more client-side devices and / or transmission devices, or a data center may also include one or more switches, and one or more switches or routing devices may also be included between two data centers. In addition, each device may include more or fewer modules, ports, etc., which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0091] Combination of the above Figures 1 to 3 A communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application is introduced, and a parameter determination method provided in an embodiment of the present application is described in detail below.

[0092] Figure 4 An exemplary flow chart of the parameter determination method provided in the embodiment of the present application is shown. The method can be applied to Figures 1 to 3 The system shown in any one of the items, wherein the first data center can be a data sending end, for example, it can be data center 100 or data center 200. The first transmission device can be a transmission device of a sending end data center, or it can also be a transmission device of a receiving end data center. The following description takes the first transmission device as a transmission device of a data sending end (i.e., the first data center). Exemplarily, the first client-side device can be a client-side device, or it can also be a component of a client-side device (such as a chip or a chip system, etc.), and the first transmission device can be a transmission device, or it can also be a component of a transmission device (such as a chip or a chip system, etc.). More specifically, Figure 4 The illustrated method 400 may include S401 to S403 .

[0093] S401: A first transmission device determines a transmission delay and / or a transmission distance of a first transmission pipeline between a first data center and a second data center.

[0094] Exemplarily, the first transmission pipeline may be any one of at least one transmission pipeline previously established between the first data center and the second data center. The first transmission device may determine the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the first transmission pipeline according to a request or instruction from the first client device.

[0095] In one example, the first transmission pipeline is a hard pipeline, and the first transmission device can determine the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the first transmission pipeline. In another example, the first transmission pipeline is a soft pipeline, that is, the first transmission pipeline includes multiple sub-transmission pipelines, and two adjacent sub-transmission pipelines are connected through a routing device or an interactive machine, then the first transmission device can only determine the transmission delay of the first transmission pipeline. In this case, the transmission delay of the first transmission pipeline includes the transmission delay of each of the multiple sub-transmission pipelines.

[0096] For example, the specific implementation method of the first transmission device determining the transmission delay and / or the transmission distance can refer to Figure 2 The description of the corresponding parts will not be repeated here.

[0097] In some implementations, before executing S401, the first transmission device determines that the second transmission pipeline fails, and switches the second transmission pipeline to the first transmission pipeline.

[0098] S402: The first transmission device sends delay indication information to the first client-side device, indicating the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the first transmission pipeline.

[0099] Exemplarily, the delay indication information may include message 1 in the above embodiment.

[0100] Exemplarily, the delay indication information may be in a type-length-value (TLV) format.

[0101] In some implementations, the delay indication information further indicates a bandwidth of the first transmission channel, and the bandwidth is used to determine the sending parameters.

[0102] In some implementations, the latency indication information further indicates whether the networking type between the first data center and the second data center is a hard pipe or a soft pipe.

[0103] In some implementations, the first transmission pipeline includes multiple sub-transmission pipelines, and the transmission delay of the first transmission pipeline may include: the transmission delay of each sub-transmission pipeline in the multiple sub-transmission pipelines.

[0104] S403, the first client-side device determines a sending parameter according to the transmission delay and / or the transmission distance, where the sending parameter indicates at least one of the following: the number of sending queues, the depth of the sending queues, and the block size of the message block of the service data.

[0105] The service data is data from the first client device and needs to be transmitted through the first transmission pipeline, and the sending queue is a queue of the first client device when the service data is sent through the first transmission pipeline. For example, the sending queue can be a sending queue configured when the first client device sends service data through the first transmission pipeline.

[0106] In some implementations, the first client-side device receives bit error information from the first transmission device, the bit error information indicating a bit error rate of a third transmission pipeline between the first data center and the second data center. When the bit error rate is greater than or equal to a bit error rate threshold, the first client-side device controls switching the second transmission pipeline to the first transmission pipeline.

[0107] Exemplarily, the bit error rate threshold may be 20%, or 25%, or other values. For example, the bit error rate threshold may be determined according to a specific service.

[0108] The first client-side device controlling the switching of the transmission pipeline may include: the first client-side device switching the service path to implement the switching of the transmission pipeline.

[0109] In some implementations, data is transmitted between the first data center and the second data center via an RDMA protocol.

[0110] It should be noted that, in the present application, the sending and receiving of information between the first client-side device and the first transmission device may include: the first client-side device directly sends information to the first transmission device, and / or the first client-side device receives information directly sent by the first transmission device, that is, there is no other intermediate device forwarding messages between the two devices. Alternatively, the sending and receiving of information between the first client-side device and the first transmission device may include: the first client-side device sends information to the first transmission device via at least one intermediate device, and / or the first client-side device receives information sent by the first transmission device via at least one intermediate device, wherein at least one intermediate device may be one or more of a routing device, a transmission device, and a switch.

[0111] It should also be noted that the first transmission device can be a transmission device of the sending (or receiving) end data center. It can be understood that compared with the transmission delay and / or transmission distance between the client-side device in the sending end data center and the client-side device in the receiving end data center, the transmission delay and / or transmission distance between the first transmission device and the client-side device in the sending (or receiving) end data center is very small and can be ignored.

[0112] The parameter determination method provided in the embodiment of the present application improves the throughput of data transmitted between data centers and helps to improve the efficiency of long-distance data transmission.

[0113] Figure 5Another exemplary flow chart of the parameter determination method provided in the embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 5 The method 500 can be regarded as an extension or further explanation of the method 400. Among them, the data center 1 can be regarded as an example of the first data center, the data center 2 can be regarded as an example of the second data center, the client side device 1 can be regarded as an example of the first client side device, and the transmission device 1 can be regarded as an example of the first transmission device. The method 500 may include some or all of the steps in S501 to S510.

[0114] In a scenario (such as scenario 1), if a transmission pipeline is not established between transmission device 1 and transmission device 2, S501 and S502 may be executed to establish the transmission pipeline.

[0115] S501 , client-side device 1 sends a connection establishment request to transmission device 1 .

[0116] The connection establishment request is used to request to establish a transmission pipeline with the client-side device 2 in the data center 2.

[0117] In one example, the connection establishment request may include destination address information, such as a media access control (MAC) address, an IP address, or other information that can identify the client-side device 2 .

[0118] In yet another example, the connection establishment request may further include information about a desired transmission channel bandwidth.

[0119] S502, transmission device 1 establishes transmission pipeline 1 with transmission device 2 according to the connection establishment request.

[0120] Exemplarily, the transmission device 1 can establish a transmission pipeline 1 through the network management and / or controller. The network management and / or controller can store information of multiple "client-side device-transmission device" pairs, and the transmission device in each "client-side device-transmission device" pair is connected to the client-side device, and the transmission device is used to provide transmission services for the client-side device. The information of multiple "client-side device-transmission device" pairs includes information related to the client-side device 1 and the client-side device 2. Further, the transmission device 1 sends a connection establishment request to the network management and / or controller, and the network management and / or controller determines the transmission device 2 used to provide transmission services for the client-side device 2 based on the information of the client-side device 2 in the connection establishment request, and then the network management and / or controller establishes the transmission pipeline 1 between the transmission device 1 and the transmission device 2.

[0121] The type of transmission pipeline 1 is related to the type of transmission equipment. For example, if transmission equipment 1 and transmission equipment 2 are OTN equipment, transmission pipeline 1 can be an optical service unit (OSU) channel, or an optical data unit k (ODUk) channel. If transmission equipment 1 and transmission equipment 2 are SDH equipment, transmission pipeline 1 can be a virtual container (VC) channel. If transmission equipment 1 and transmission equipment 2 are PTN equipment, transmission pipeline 1 can be an MPLS channel.

[0122] Exemplarily, the bandwidth of the transmission pipe 1 may be a bandwidth pre-negotiated between the transmission device 1 and the transmission device 2, or the bandwidth of the transmission pipe 1 may be an expected transmission pipe bandwidth determined according to a connection establishment request.

[0123] In some implementations, after the transmission pipeline 1 is established, the transmission device 1 may notify the client-side device 1 that the transmission pipeline 1 is successfully established, and notify the client-side device 1 of the bandwidth of the transmission pipeline 1 .

[0124] After transmission pipeline 1 is established between transmission device 1 and transmission device 2, transmission device 1 can determine the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of transmission pipeline 1. That is, after executing S502, S508 to S510 are executed. It can be understood that when S508 to S510 are executed after S502, transmission pipeline n can be transmission pipeline 1.

[0125] In another scenario (such as scenario 2), when transmission device 1 communicates with transmission device 2 through transmission pipeline 1, if transmission pipeline 1 fails, transmission device 1 may switch the transmission pipeline, as described in S503 to S504.

[0126] S503, the transmission device 1 determines that the transmission pipeline 1 is faulty.

[0127] Exemplarily, the transmission device 1 determines that the transmission pipeline 1 is faulty according to the received fault indication information, and the fault indication information may be, for example, loss of signal (LOS) alarm information.

[0128] S504, transmission device 1 switches transmission pipeline 1 to transmission pipeline 2.

[0129] Exemplarily, transmission device 1 reports the fault to the protection module through an interruption, and the protection module switches the transmission pipeline from transmission pipeline 1 to transmission pipeline 2.

[0130] After the transmission device 1 switches the transmission pipeline to the transmission pipeline 2, the transmission device 1 may determine the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the transmission pipeline 2. That is, after executing S504, S508 to S510 are executed. It can be understood that when S508 to S510 are executed after S504, the transmission pipeline n may be the transmission pipeline 2. In this implementation, the transmission pipeline 1 may be regarded as an example of the second transmission pipeline in the method 400, and the transmission pipeline 2 may be regarded as an example of the first transmission pipeline in the method 400.

[0131] In some implementations, S503-S504 may be performed synchronously with S508-S510. At this time, the transmission pipeline n in S508 to S510 is the transmission pipeline 1. That is, after the transmission device 1 and the transmission device 2 establish the transmission pipeline 1, the transmission device 1 determines the transmission distance and / or transmission delay of the transmission pipeline 1, and the transmission device 1 monitors whether the transmission pipeline 1 fails.

[0132] In another scenario (such as scenario 3), when transmission device 1 communicates with transmission device 2 through transmission pipeline 2, client-side device 1 can monitor the bit error rate of the transmission pipeline, and when the bit error rate is greater than or equal to the bit error rate threshold, client-side device 1 can switch the service path. Specific details are as described in S505 to S507.

[0133] S505 , the transmission device 1 determines the bit error rate of the transmission pipeline 2 .

[0134] Exemplarily, transmission device 1 determines the bit error rate of transmission pipeline 2 according to information sent by transmission device 2 .

[0135] In some implementations, the transmission device 1 sends data to the transmission device 2 through the OTN frame, and the transmission device 2 can determine the bit error rate of the transmission pipeline 2 according to the error bits such as the bit interleaved parity-8 (BIP-8) code or the forward error correction (FEC) in the OTN frame overhead. Further, the transmission device 2 notifies the transmission device of the bit error rate of the transmission pipeline 2. Exemplarily, the transmission device 2 can indicate to the transmission device 1 that there is a bit error in the transmission pipeline 2 through the backward error indication (BEI) of the OTN frame. Further, the transmission device 2 can notify the transmission device 1 of the bit error rate of the transmission pipeline 2 through in-band transmission, for example, by carrying the information of the bit error rate through a custom error communication protocol message.

[0136] S506 , transmission device 1 sends bit error information to client-side device 1 , indicating the bit error rate of transmission pipeline 2 .

[0137] Exemplarily, the bit error information may be carried by an in-band message.

[0138] S507 , the client-side device 1 switches the service path associated with the transmission pipe 2 to the service path associated with the transmission pipe 3 according to the bit error information.

[0139] When the bit error information indicates that the bit error rate of transmission pipeline 2 is greater than or equal to the bit error rate threshold, client-side device 1 switches the current service path to the target service path. The current service path is carried by transmission pipeline 1, and the target service path is carried by transmission pipeline 2.

[0140] In one example, the client-side device 1 is connected to the transmission device 1 through M independent ports, and the transmission device 1 is connected to M transmission pipes through the M ports, each transmission pipe carries a service path, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 2. That is to say, the ports through which the client-side device 1 is connected to different transmission pipes through the transmission device 1 do not overlap. The client-side device 1 can send data to the transmission device 1 through different ports, so that the transmission device 1 transmits data to the transmission device 2 through different service paths corresponding to each port. Exemplarily, when the client-side device 1 determines that the bit error rate of the transmission pipe 2 is higher than or equal to the bit error rate threshold, the client-side device 1 can send data to the transmission device 1 through the port corresponding to the service path associated with the transmission pipe 3, and when the transmission device 1 receives the data transmitted by the port corresponding to the service path associated with the transmission pipe 3, it sends the data to the transmission device 2 through the transmission pipe 3.

[0141] In another example, the client device 1 is connected to the transmission device 1 through a port, and the transmission device 1 is connected to M transmission pipes through M ports. That is to say, M service paths realize data transmission between the client device 1 and the transmission device 1 through the multiplexed port. The message transmitted by the client device 1 to the transmission device 1 may include multiple domains, each of the multiple domains corresponds to a service path (each domain has a different IP address or VLAN address). For example, domain 1 is used to carry data of the service path associated with the transmission pipe 2, and domain 2 is used to carry data of the service path associated with the transmission pipe 3. The client device 1 can carry data in one or more domains to instruct the transmission device 1 to transmit data through the transmission pipes corresponding to the one or more domains. For example, the client device 1 can carry data in domain 1 to instruct the transmission device 1 to transmit data through the transmission pipe 2. When the client device 1 determines that the bit error rate of the transmission pipe 2 is greater than or equal to the bit error rate threshold, it can switch from domain 1 to domain 2 to carry data, thereby completing the switching of the service path.

[0142] It should be understood that the transmission pipeline is switched along with the service path switching.

[0143] After the transmission device 1 determines that the transmission pipeline is switched to the transmission pipeline 3, the transmission device 1 may determine the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the transmission pipeline 3. That is, after executing S507, S508 to S510 are executed. It can be understood that when S508 to S510 are executed after S507, the transmission pipeline n may be the transmission pipeline 3. In this implementation, the transmission pipeline 2 may be regarded as an example of the third transmission pipeline in the method 400, and the transmission pipeline 3 may be regarded as an example of the first transmission pipeline in the method 400.

[0144] In some implementations, S505-S507 may be executed synchronously with S508-S510. At this time, the transmission pipeline n in S508 to S510 is the transmission pipeline 2. That is, after the transmission device 1 switches the transmission pipeline to the transmission pipeline 2, the transmission device 1 determines the transmission distance and / or transmission delay of the transmission pipeline 2, and the transmission device 1 notifies the client-side device 1 of the bit error rate of the transmission pipeline 2, so that the client-side device 1 determines whether to switch the service path.

[0145] In some other implementations, S505-S507 may also be executed after S508-S510. For example, the transmission device 1 may determine the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of multiple transmission pipelines between the data center 1 and the data center 2. When the data center 1 transmits data through a certain transmission pipeline, the transmission device 1 may detect the bit error rate of the transmission pipeline and report it to the client device 1. When the client device 1 determines that the bit error rate of the transmission pipeline is high, it may switch to another transmission pipeline with a known transmission delay and / or transmission distance for data transmission.

[0146] S508, the transmission device 1 determines the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the transmission pipeline n.

[0147] For example, the specific implementation method of the transmission device 1 determining the transmission delay and / or the transmission distance can be referred to Figure 2 The description of the corresponding parts will not be repeated here.

[0148] In some implementations, before executing S508, the transmission device 1 receives a query request sent by the client device, the query request being used to request the transmission device 1 to determine the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the target transmission pipeline. The target transmission pipeline can be understood as the transmission management used for subsequent data transmission, such as transmission pipeline n.

[0149] S509, transmission device 1 sends indication information 1 to client-side device 1, indicating the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of transmission channel n.

[0150] S510, the client-side device 1 determines the sending parameter 1 according to the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the transmission channel n.

[0151] The sending parameter 1 indicates at least one of the following: the number of sending queues and / or the depth of the sending queue, or the block size of the message block of the data when the client device 1 transmits data through the transmission pipe n. The sending parameter 1 can be regarded as an example of the sending parameter in the method 400.

[0152] Exemplarily, after the client-side device 1 determines the sending parameter 1, the sending parameter 1 is configured to the network card, so that when the client-side device 1 transmits data through the transmission pipeline n, the data can be transmitted according to the sending parameter 1.

[0153] In some implementations, the indication information 1 indicates the transmission distance of the transmission pipeline n, and the client-side device determines the transmission delay according to the transmission distance.

[0154] Exemplarily, the client-side device 1 may determine the transmission parameter 1 according to the bandwidth and transmission delay of the transmission channel n. Exemplarily, taking the case where the depth of each transmission queue in at least one transmission queue is the same, the block size of the message block, the number of transmission queues, and the depth of the transmission queue may satisfy the following formula:

[0155] BW=m×S×N / T' delay ,

[0156] Where m is the maximum number of message blocks included in a send queue, S is the size of a message block of data, N is the number of send queues, T' delay Indicates the round-trip transmission delay of transmission pipeline n. BW may be the bandwidth of transmission pipeline n, or BW may be a portion of the bandwidth of transmission pipeline n, such as 95% of the bandwidth of transmission pipeline n, or 90% of the bandwidth of transmission pipeline n. It is understood that the maximum number of message blocks included in a sending queue is adjusted by adjusting the depth of the sending queue.

[0157] In one example, the number of sending queues corresponding to the transmission pipeline n and the depth of each sending queue are pre-negotiated or fixed, and the client-side device 1 can determine the block size according to the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the transmission pipeline n.

[0158] In another example, the block size of the message block and the depth of each sending queue are pre-negotiated or fixed, and the client-side device 1 can determine the maximum number of message blocks included in the transmission according to the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the transmission pipeline n.

[0159] In another example, the number of sending queues corresponding to the transmission pipeline n and the block size of the message block are pre-negotiated or fixed, then the client-side device 1 can determine the depth of the sending queue according to the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the transmission pipeline n.

[0160] Exemplarily, the information sent by the transmission device 1 to the client-side device 1 (such as indication information 1, error information, etc.) can be constructed in the TLV format, and the TLV message can be transmitted as a payload in a protocol with TLV carrying capability. The protocol with TLV carrying capability can be, for example, the link layer discovery protocol (LLDP), label distribution protocol (LDP), open shortest path first (OSPF) protocol, border gateway protocol (BGP) and other control plane protocols.

[0161] Figure 6 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the message structure based on the information transmitted by the extended LLDP. Figure 6 The information includes a destination MAC field, a source MAC field, an Ethernet (ETH) type field, and n TLV message fields, where n can be an integer greater than or equal to 1. The destination MAC field is used to indicate the MAC address of the side receiving the information, the source MAC field is used to indicate the MAC address of the side sending the information, the ETH type field is used to indicate that the information is sent based on the LLDP protocol, and each TLV message field includes a type field, a length field, and a content field. The content field is used to carry specific information, the length field indicates the length of the information in the content field, and the type field indicates the type of information in the content field. In some implementations, the content field of the TLV message field may also include multiple sub-TLV message fields, such as subTLV1 to subTLV8. In one example, one or more content fields of subTLV1 to subTLV8 are used to carry information sent by the transmission device 1 to the client side device 1, such as one or more of the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the transmission pipeline, the networking type before the data center, bit error information, fault indication information, and the bandwidth of the transmission pipeline. In another example, the content field of the TLV message field may also include an extended TLV field, which is used to carry the information sent by the transmission device 1 to the client device 1. Taking the information sent by the transmission device 1 to the client device 1 as error information as an example, the subTLVn (n is any value from 1 to 8) field or the type field of the extended TLV field can define the information type of the error information, such as the absolute value of the error and / or the error ratio, and the length field of the extended TLV field defines the information length of the content field. If the information type defined by the type field is the absolute value of the error, the content carried by the content field is the absolute value of the error; if the information type defined by the type field is the error ratio, the content carried by the content field is the error ratio.

[0162] It should be understood that Figure 6The figure is only an exemplary illustration. In actual implementation, the transmission device 1 and the client-side device 1 may also transmit relevant information based on the management plane protocol, or may also transmit relevant information through other protocols.

[0163] In the specific implementation process, information transmission between the client-side device 1 and the transmission device 1 can be carried out via at least one routing device or switch. When there is at least one routing device or switch between the client-side device 1 and the transmission device 1, the at least one routing device or switch can set the back pressure opening threshold XON and the back pressure closing threshold XOFF of the PFC according to the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the transmission pipeline (such as transmission pipeline n) determined by the transmission device 1. Exemplarily, the back pressure opening threshold XON and the back pressure closing threshold XOFF can satisfy the following formula:

[0164] XON=a×T' delay ×bw;

[0165] XOFF=b×T' delay ×bw;

[0166] Where bw is the bandwidth of the transmission channel (such as transmission channel n), T' delay is the round-trip transmission delay of the transmission pipeline (such as transmission pipeline n), a and b are coefficients, b is greater than a, and a is greater than or equal to 1.

[0167] The parameter determination method provided in the embodiment of the present application notifies the client-side device of the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the transmission pipeline through the transmission device, which helps the client-side device to set the parameters for sending data, thereby improving the throughput of data transmitted between data centers, and helping to improve the efficiency of long-distance data transmission. In addition, the client-side device and / or the transmission device monitors the status of the transmission pipeline in real time. When the transmission pipeline fails or the bit error rate is high, it can switch to other transmission pipelines. After switching the transmission pipeline, the transmission device can measure the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the switched transmission pipeline, thereby enabling the client-side device to adjust the data sending parameters, which helps to ensure the continuity and high efficiency of data transmission.

[0168] Combination of the above Figures 1 to 6 The parameter determination method provided in the present application is explained. In the various embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified or there is a logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between the various embodiments are consistent and can be referenced to each other. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their internal logical relationships.

[0169] The following combination Figure 7 and Figure 8The communication device provided in the embodiment of the present application is described in detail. It should be understood that the description of the device embodiment corresponds to the description of the method embodiment. Therefore, the contents not described in detail can be referred to the method embodiment above, and some contents will not be repeated for the sake of brevity.

[0170] Figure 7 A schematic block diagram of a communication device 2000 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The device 2000 includes a transceiver unit 2010 (or transceiver module) and a processing unit 2020 (or processing module), the transceiver unit 2010 can be used to implement a corresponding transceiver function or an acquisition function, and the processing unit 2020 can be used to implement a corresponding processing function.

[0171] Optionally, the transceiver unit 2010 may include a sending unit and a receiving unit. The sending unit is used to perform the sending operation in the above method embodiment. The receiving unit is used to perform the receiving operation or the acquiring action in the above method embodiment.

[0172] In some implementations, the apparatus 2000 may include a receiving module but not a sending module. Alternatively, the apparatus 2000 may include a sending module but not a receiving module.

[0173] Optionally, the device 2000 also includes a storage unit, which can be used to store instructions and / or data, and the processing unit 2020 can read the instructions and / or data in the storage unit so that the device implements the relevant actions performed by the terminal device in the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0174] The apparatus 2000 may be used to execute the actions performed by the client-side device or the transmission device in the above-mentioned method 400 or method 500.

[0175] When the apparatus 2000 is used to execute the action performed by the first transmission device, the processing unit 2020 may include Figure 2 The delay / distance determination module 121 may also include a protection module 122 .

[0176] Specifically, the processing unit 2020 is used to: determine the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the first transmission pipeline between the first data center and the second data center; the transceiver unit 2010 is used to: send delay indication information to the first client-side device, the delay indication information indicates the transmission delay and / or transmission distance, the transmission delay and / or transmission distance is used to determine the sending parameters, the sending parameters indicate at least one of the following: the number of sending queues, the depth of the sending queue, or the block size of the message block of the business data; wherein the business data is data from the first client-side device and needs to be transmitted through the first transmission pipeline, and the sending queue is the queue of the first client-side device when sending business data through the first transmission pipeline.

[0177] In some implementations, the processing unit 2020 is used to determine the transmission delay and / or transmission distance when a second transmission pipeline between the first data center and the second data center fails and the second transmission pipeline is switched to the first transmission pipeline.

[0178] In some implementations, the transceiver unit 2010 is further used to: send fault indication information to the first client-side device, the fault indication information indicating that a fault has occurred in the second transmission pipeline and instructing the first client-side device to transmit service data through the first transmission pipeline.

[0179] In some implementations, the transceiver unit 2010 is used to: send bit error information to the first client-side device, the bit error information indicates the bit error rate of the third transmission pipeline between the first data center and the second data center, and the bit error rate is used to control the switching of the third transmission pipeline to the first transmission pipeline.

[0180] When the apparatus 2000 is used to execute the action executed by the first client-side device, the processing unit 2020 may include Figure 2 The message parsing module 111 and the processing module 112 are provided.

[0181] Specifically, the transceiver unit 2010 is used to: receive delay indication information from the first transmission device, the delay indication information indicating the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the first transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC; the processing unit 2020 is used to: determine the sending parameters according to the transmission delay and / or transmission distance, the sending parameters indicating at least one of the following: the number of sending queues, the depth of the sending queue, or the block size of the message block of the business data; wherein the business data is data from the first client side device and needs to be transmitted through the first transmission pipeline, and the sending queue is the queue of the first client side device when sending the business data through the first transmission pipeline.

[0182] In some implementations, the transceiver unit 2010 is also used to: receive bit error information from the first transmission device, the bit error information indicating the bit error rate of the third transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC; the processing unit 2020 is also used to: when the bit error rate is greater than or equal to the bit error rate threshold, control the switching of the third transmission pipeline to the first transmission pipeline.

[0183] In some implementations, the transceiver unit 2010 is further used to: receive fault indication information from the first transmission device, the fault indication information indicating that a fault has occurred in the second transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC; the processing unit 2020 is further used to: transmit business data through the first transmission pipeline according to the fault indication information.

[0184] It should be understood that the specific process of each unit executing the above corresponding steps has been described in detail in the above method embodiments, for example, the method for determining the first moment, the method for determining the first time domain unit, the method for determining the second time domain unit, etc. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0185] It should also be understood that the device 2000 here is embodied in the form of a functional unit. The term "unit" here may refer to an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (such as a shared processor, a proprietary processor or a group processor, etc.) and a memory for executing one or more software or firmware programs, a combined logic circuit and / or other suitable components that support the described functions. In an optional example, those skilled in the art can understand that the device 2000 can be specifically the communication device in the above-mentioned embodiment, and can be used to execute the various processes and / or steps corresponding to the communication device in the above-mentioned method embodiments. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0186] The device 2000 of each of the above schemes has the function of implementing the corresponding steps performed by the communication device (such as a client-side device or a transmission device) in the above method. The function can be implemented by hardware, or by hardware executing the corresponding software implementation. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions; for example, the transceiver unit can be replaced by a transceiver (for example, the sending unit in the transceiver unit can be replaced by a transmitter, and the receiving unit in the transceiver unit can be replaced by a receiver), and other units, such as the processing unit, can be replaced by a processor to respectively perform the sending and receiving operations and related processing operations in each method embodiment.

[0187] In addition, the above-mentioned transceiver unit 2010 can also be a transceiver circuit (for example, can include a sending circuit, or can also include a receiving circuit), and the processing unit 2020 can be a processing circuit.

[0188] It should be pointed out that Figure 7 The device in the embodiment may be a communication device (such as a client-side device or a transmission device) in the foregoing embodiment, or may be a chip or a chip system, such as a system on chip (SoC). The transceiver unit may be an input / output circuit or a communication interface; the processing unit may be a processor or a microprocessor or an integrated circuit integrated on the chip. This is not limited here.

[0189] Figure 8A schematic diagram of another communication device 2100 provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown. The device 2100 includes a processor 2110, the processor 2110 is coupled to a memory 2120, the memory 2120 is used to store computer programs or instructions and / or data, and the processor 2110 is used to execute the computer program or instructions stored in the memory 2120, or read the data stored in the memory 2120, so as to execute the methods in the above method embodiments.

[0190] Optionally, there are one or more processors 2110 .

[0191] Optionally, the memory 2120 is one or more.

[0192] Optionally, the memory 2120 is integrated with the processor 2110 or provided separately.

[0193] Alternatively, if Figure 8 As shown, the device 2100 further includes a transceiver 2130, and the transceiver 2130 is used for receiving and / or sending signals. For example, the processor 2110 is used for controlling the transceiver 2130 to receive and / or send signals.

[0194] As an example, the processor 2110 may have Figure 7 The processing unit 2020 shown in FIG. 1 may have the function of a storage unit, the memory 2120 may have the function of a storage unit, and the transceiver 2130 may have Figure 7 The functions of the transceiver unit 2010 are shown in FIG.

[0195] As a solution, the device 2100 is used to implement the operations performed by the communication device (such as a client-side device or a transmission device) in the above various method embodiments.

[0196] For example, the processor 2110 is configured to execute computer programs or instructions stored in the memory 2120 to implement relevant operations of the communication device in each of the above method embodiments.

[0197] In the embodiment of the present application, the antenna and the radio frequency circuit with transceiver functions can be regarded as the transceiver module of the terminal device, and the processor with processing function can be regarded as the processing module of the terminal device.

[0198] In some implementations, the processor 2110 may also be referred to as a processing unit, a processing board, a processing module, a processing device, etc. The transceiver 2130 may also be referred to as a transceiver unit, a transceiver, a transceiver device, etc.

[0199] When the device 2100 is a chip, the chip includes a processor, a memory, and a transceiver. The transceiver may be an input / output circuit or a communication interface; the processor may be a processing module or a microprocessor or an integrated circuit integrated on the chip. The sending operation in the above method embodiment may be understood as the output of the chip, and the receiving or obtaining operation in the above method embodiment may be understood as the input of the chip.

[0200] It should be understood that the processor mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be a CPU, or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc.

[0201] It should also be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory and / or a non-volatile memory. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM). For example, RAM can be used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, RAM includes the following forms: static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0202] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) can be integrated into the processor.

[0203] It should also be noted that the memory described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0204] Fig. 9 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a chip system 2200 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The chip system 2200 (or also referred to as a processing system) includes a logic circuit 2210 and an input / output interface 2220 .

[0205] Among them, the logic circuit 2210 can be a processing circuit in the chip system 2200. The logic circuit 2210 can be coupled to the storage unit and call the instructions in the storage unit so that the chip system 2200 can implement the methods and functions of each embodiment of the present application. The input / output interface 2220 can be an input / output circuit in the chip system 2200, outputting information processed by the chip system 2200, or inputting data or signaling information to be processed into the chip system 2200 for processing.

[0206] As a solution, the chip system 2200 is used to implement the operations performed by a communication device (such as a client-side device or a transmission device) in the above method embodiments.

[0207] For example, the logic circuit 2210 is used to implement the processing-related operations performed by the communication device (such as a client-side device or a transmission device) in the above method embodiments; the input / output interface 2220 is used to implement the sending and / or receiving-related operations performed by the communication device (such as a client-side device or a transmission device) in the above method embodiments.

[0208] Based on the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium stores a software program, and the software program can implement the method provided by any one or more of the above embodiments when read and executed by one or more processors. The computer-readable storage medium may include: a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory, a random access memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other media that can store program codes.

[0209] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which computer instructions for implementing the methods executed by a communication device (such as a client-side device or a transmission device) in the above-mentioned method embodiments are stored.

[0210] For example, when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer can implement the method performed by a communication device (such as a client-side device or a transmission device) in each embodiment of the above method.

[0211] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, comprising instructions, which, when executed by a computer, implement the methods performed by a communication device (such as a client-side device or a transmission device) in the above-mentioned method embodiments.

[0212] The explanation of the relevant contents and beneficial effects of any of the above-mentioned devices can be referred to the corresponding method embodiments provided above, which will not be repeated here.

[0213] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, " / " means or, for example, A / B can mean A or B; "and / or" in this article is a kind of association relationship that describes associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist, for example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more. "At least one of the following items" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

[0214] The prefixes such as "first" and "second" used in the embodiments of the present application are only used to distinguish different description objects, and have no limiting effect on the position, order, priority, quantity or content of the described objects. The use of prefixes such as ordinal numbers used to distinguish description objects in the embodiments of the present application does not constitute a limitation on the described objects. For the statement of the described objects, please refer to the description in the context of the claims or embodiments, and the use of such prefixes should not constitute an unnecessary limitation.

[0215] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application; such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of protection of this application.

[0216] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0217] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. For example, the computer can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from a website site, computer, server or data center by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode to another website site, computer, server or data center. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that contains one or more available media integrations. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid state disk (SSD)). For example, the aforementioned available medium may include, but is not limited to, various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0218] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims. Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, the specific working process of the above-described system, device and unit can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

Claims

1. A parameter determination method, characterized in that: Applied to a first transmission device, the first transmission device is connected to a first client-side device in a first data center DC, the method includes: Determine a transmission delay and / or a transmission distance of a first transmission channel between the first DC and the second DC; Sending delay indication information to the first client-side device, where the delay indication information indicates the transmission delay and / or the transmission distance, where the transmission delay and / or the transmission distance is used to determine a transmission parameter, where the transmission parameter indicates at least one of the following: The number of send queues, the depth of the send queues, and the block size of message blocks of business data; The service data is data from the first client-side device and needs to be transmitted through the first transmission pipeline, and the sending queue is a queue of the first client-side device when sending the service data through the first transmission pipeline.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determining of the transmission delay and / or transmission distance of the first transmission channel between the first DC and the second DC includes: When a second transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC fails and the second transmission pipeline is switched to the first transmission pipeline, the transmission delay and / or the transmission distance is determined.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The method further comprises: Fault indication information is sent to the first client-side device, where the fault indication information indicates that a fault occurs in the second transmission pipeline and instructs the first client-side device to transmit the service data through the first transmission pipeline.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The method further comprises: Sending bit error information to the first client-side device, where the bit error information indicates a bit error rate of a third transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC, and the bit error rate is used to control switching of the third transmission pipeline to the first transmission pipeline.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The delay indication information also indicates a bandwidth of the first transmission channel, and the bandwidth is used to determine the sending parameter.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The delay indication information further indicates that the networking type between the first DC and the second DC is a hard pipe or a soft pipe.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The first transmission pipeline includes a plurality of sub-transmission pipelines, and the transmission delay of the first transmission pipeline includes: the transmission delay of each sub-transmission pipeline in the plurality of sub-transmission pipelines.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The first DC and the second DC transmit the business data through a remote direct memory access (RDMA) protocol.

9. A parameter determination method, characterized in that: Applied to a first client-side device in a first data center DC, the method includes: receiving delay indication information from a first transmission device, where the delay indication information indicates a transmission delay and / or a transmission distance of a first transmission channel between the first DC and the second DC; Determine a transmission parameter according to the transmission delay and / or the transmission distance, where the transmission parameter indicates at least one of the following: The number of send queues, the depth of the send queues, and the block size of message blocks of business data; The service data is data from the first client-side device and needs to be transmitted through the first transmission pipeline, and the sending queue is a queue of the first client-side device when sending the service data through the first transmission pipeline.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The method further comprises: receiving bit error information from the first transmission device, wherein the bit error information indicates a bit error rate of a third transmission channel between the first DC and the second DC; When the bit error rate is greater than or equal to a bit error rate threshold, control is performed to switch the third transmission pipeline to the first transmission pipeline.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: The method further comprises: receiving fault indication information from the first transmission device, where the fault indication information indicates that a fault occurs in a second transmission pipeline between the first DC and the second DC; Switch to transmitting the service data through the first transmission pipeline according to the fault indication information.

12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that The delay indication information also indicates a bandwidth of the first transmission channel, and the bandwidth is used to determine the sending parameter.

13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that The delay indication information also indicates whether the networking type between the first DC and the second DC is a hard pipe or a soft pipe.

14. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that The first transmission pipeline includes a plurality of sub-transmission pipelines, and the transmission delay of the first transmission pipeline includes: the transmission delay of each transmission pipeline in the plurality of sub-transmission pipelines.

15. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that The first DC and the second DC transmit the business data through a remote direct memory access (RDMA) protocol.

16. A communication device, characterized in that: It comprises a processing unit and a transceiver unit, wherein the processing unit and the transceiver unit are used to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

17. A communication device, characterized in that: It comprises a processing unit and a transceiver unit, wherein the processing unit and the transceiver unit are used to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 15.

18. A communication device, characterized in that: The device comprises at least one processor coupled to at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to execute a computer program or instruction stored in the at least one memory so as to enable the communication device to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

19. A communication device, characterized in that: The device comprises at least one processor coupled to at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to execute a computer program or instruction stored in the at least one memory so as to enable the communication device to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 15.

20. A communication system, characterized in that: Includes the communication device as claimed in claim 16 and claim 17, or includes the communication device as claimed in claim 18 and claim 19.

21. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: Instructions or program codes are stored thereon, and when the instructions or program codes are executed by a processor, the processor implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, or the method according to any one of claims 9 to 15.

22. A chip, characterized in that: The chip includes a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface is used to receive data frames and transmit them to the processor or send data frames to other communication devices other than the communication device including the chip, and the processor is used to execute the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, or the method as described in any one of claims 9 to 15.

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