Yield-promoting disease-preventing soil conditioner for corn field and preparation method of yield-promoting disease-preventing soil conditioner

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and relates to a soil conditioner. The invention provides a yield-promoting disease-preventing soil conditioner for a corn field and a preparation method thereof.The method comprises the following steps that 1, alkalized enzymolysis kochia scoparia and wormcast are mixed according to the weight ratio of 8: 12-18, and kochia scoparia and wormcast composite biochar is prepared through high-temperature roasting; and (2) uniformly mixing the kochia scoparia and wormcast composite charcoal, sodium alginate, humus and the kochia scoparia water extract according to a weight ratio of (8-12): 1: 2: (4-6) to obtain the soil conditioner. The soil conditioner disclosed by the invention can be used for effectively preventing and treating ostrinia nubilalis diseases and remarkably increasing the yield of corn, and meanwhile, the high-value utilization of the weed kochia scoparia and the breeding waste wormcast is realized, so that the soil conditioner has relatively high industrial application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, relates to a soil conditioner, and specifically relates to a yield-promoting and disease-preventing soil conditioner for corn fields and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Corn is an important crop in my country and is indispensable in people's daily life. The yield of corn is directly related to the local agricultural economic development and people's living standards. However, in some places, due to the degradation of soil fertility and the frequent occurrence of pests and diseases, the yield of corn has been affected accordingly.

[0003] At present, in terms of promoting production and preventing diseases, in addition to developing new fertilizers and pesticides, applying appropriate soil conditioners is also a feasible path. For example, Li Guangcheng et al. found in "The Effect of Applying an Organic Fertilizer Soil Conditioner on Corn Growth and Improvement of Saline-alkali Land" that a new organic fertilizer soil conditioner can promote the increase of corn yield and has an improvement effect on saline-alkali land; He Wenwen et al. also studied the effect of soil conditioners on improving the adaptability of corn to saline-alkali stress and its physiological mechanism in "Soil Conditioners Alleviate the Damage Effect of Corn under Saline-alkali Stress".

[0004] However, there are still limitations in the research on raw materials that can be used to prepare soil conditioners, which makes it difficult to prepare soil conditioners according to local conditions, limiting their promotion and use. In particular, existing soil conditioners usually fail to effectively use harmful crops (such as weeds) or agricultural and forestry waste as raw materials, lacking the value of optimizing and protecting agricultural ecology.

[0005] In summary, it is a challenging task to develop new soil conditioners that can increase corn yield and reduce diseases using harmful crops such as weeds and agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the defects of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof for improving the soil in corn-growing areas, which can prevent and control diseases and promote corn yield.

[0007] The present invention provides the following technical solutions to achieve the above-mentioned purpose:

[0008] A method for preparing a soil conditioner for promoting yield and preventing diseases for corn fields, the method comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) mixing alkaline enzymatic hydrolyzed Kochia scoparia and earthworm castings in a weight ratio of 8:12-18, and calcining at high temperature to prepare Kochia scoparia and earthworm castings composite biochar;

[0010] (2) mixing the Kochia scoparia earthworm castings composite biochar, sodium alginate, humus and Kochia scoparia water extract in a weight ratio of 8-12:1:2:4-6 to obtain a soil conditioner;

[0011] The alkaline enzymatic hydrolysis of Kochia scoparia is obtained by first soaking the Kochia scoparia dry powder with alkali solution and then treating it with cellulase;

[0012] The Kochia scoparia water extract is an extract obtained by heating and extracting the Kochia scoparia with water and concentrating the extract.

[0013] Preferably, the alkali solution is 10%wt sodium hydroxide.

[0014] Preferably, when the dried Kochia scoparia powder is soaked in alkali solution, the temperature is 35° C. and the soaking time is 2 hours.

[0015] Preferably, when the cellulase is used for treatment, it is carried out in an aqueous solution containing 50,000 U / L of cellulase.

[0016] Preferably, when treating with cellulase, the temperature is 35°C and the time is 1 hour.

[0017] Preferably, the preparation method of the Kochia scoparia water extract is: wash the Kochia scoparia, dry the surface moisture in the sun, chop it, add water in a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:8, heat it to 85°C and extract it for 3 hours, take the filtrate after centrifugation, and obtain the extract by vacuum rotary evaporation, and control the water content of the extract to 30%wt.

[0018] Preferably, the weight ratio of the alkaline enzymatic hydrolyzed Kochia scoparia and earthworm castings is 8:15.

[0019] Preferably, the weight ratio of Kochia scoparia earthworm castings composite biochar, sodium alginate, humus and Kochia scoparia water extract is 10:1:2:5.

[0020] Preferably, the high temperature calcination is carried out at 600° C. for 2 hours.

[0021] As shown in the experimental examples of the present invention, alkalization and enzymatic hydrolysis of Kochia scoparia have an important influence on the effect of the obtained soil conditioner. When Kochia scoparia is not alkalized and enzymatically hydrolyzed, the obtained soil conditioner has a certain preventive effect on corn borer diseases and can also increase corn yield to a certain extent, but the obtained effect is not significant. Similarly, without adding Kochia scoparia water extract, the corresponding satisfactory technical effect cannot be obtained.

[0022] In the present invention, as one of the raw materials of the soil conditioner, Kochia scoparia is a common weed in Yunnan Province, which is not conducive to the cultivation of related crops. The present invention has found through exploration that it can be alkalized and enzymolyzed, mixed with earthworm castings to prepare biochar, and then mixed with Kochia scoparia water extract and other raw materials to obtain a soil conditioner that can promote corn production and effectively reduce the incidence of borer disease.

[0023] As a waste from breeding, earthworm castings are often used as fertilizers for related crops, or for preparing biochar for adsorbing related substances. At the beginning of the study, the inventors wanted to mix alkaline enzymatic hydrolysis of Kochia scoparia with earthworm castings and prepare biochar as an adsorptive carrier for other active ingredients of the soil conditioner; at the same time, the Kochia scoparia water extract can be used as an adhesive to effectively bond other ingredients. However, unexpectedly, the technical effect of the obtained soil conditioner exceeded expectations, with the effect of greatly increasing corn yield and the incidence of borer disease. Through the design of the comparative scheme before the experiment, it can be inferred that the Kochia scoparia water extract is the core active ingredient, and the alkaline enzymatic hydrolysis of Kochia scoparia and then used to prepare biochar is conducive to the effective loading of active ingredients and long-term release.

[0024] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0025] The soil conditioner of the present invention can effectively prevent and control corn borer diseases and can significantly increase corn yield. At the same time, the present invention realizes high-value utilization of weeds and earthworm castings from breeding waste, and has high industrial application value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention is described in detail below through examples. It is necessary to point out that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made by technical personnel in this field based on the above invention content still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] Preparation of Conditioner:

[0029] (1) After washing the Kochia scoparia, drying it in the sun, crushing it to 100 mesh, soaking it in a 10%wt sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 35°C for 2 hours, centrifuging it to obtain a solid phase and washing the residual sodium hydroxide with water; then immersing it in a cellulase aqueous solution (50,000 U / L), treating it at 35°C for 1 hour, heating it to 90°C to inactivate the enzyme for 20 minutes, and then centrifuging it to obtain a solid phase to obtain alkaline enzymatic hydrolyzed Kochia scoparia;

[0030] (2) After washing the Kochia scoparia, drying the surface moisture in the sun, chopping, adding water in a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:8, heating to 85° C. for extraction for 3 hours, centrifuging, taking the filtrate, and vacuum-evaporating to obtain an extract, wherein the water content of the extract is controlled to be 30%wt;

[0031] (3) mixing alkaline enzymatic hydrolyzed Kochia scoparia and earthworm castings in a weight ratio of 8:15, and treating at 600° C. for 2 hours to obtain Kochia scoparia and earthworm castings composite biochar;

[0032] (4) The earthworm castings composite biochar, sodium alginate, humus and Kochia scoparia water extract were mixed evenly in a weight ratio of 10:1:2:5 to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] Preparation of Conditioner:

[0035] (1) After washing the Kochia scoparia, drying it in the sun, crushing it to 100 mesh, soaking it in a 10%wt sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 35°C for 2 hours, centrifuging it to obtain a solid phase and washing the residual sodium hydroxide with water; then immersing it in a cellulase aqueous solution (50,000 U / L), treating it at 35°C for 1 hour, heating it to 90°C to inactivate the enzyme for 20 minutes, and then centrifuging it to obtain a solid phase to obtain alkaline enzymatic hydrolyzed Kochia scoparia;

[0036] (2) After washing the Kochia scoparia, drying the surface moisture in the sun, chopping, adding water in a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:8, heating to 85° C. for extraction for 3 hours, centrifuging, taking the filtrate, and vacuum-evaporating to obtain an extract, wherein the water content of the extract is controlled to be 30%wt;

[0037] (3) mixing alkaline enzymatic hydrolyzed Kochia scoparia and earthworm castings in a weight ratio of 8:18, and treating at 600° C. for 2 hours to obtain Kochia scoparia and earthworm castings composite biochar;

[0038] (4) The earthworm castings composite biochar, sodium alginate, humus and Kochia scoparia water extract were mixed evenly in a weight ratio of 12:1:2:6 to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] Preparation of Conditioner:

[0041] (1) After washing the Kochia scoparia, drying it in the sun, crushing it to 100 mesh, soaking it in a 10%wt sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 35°C for 2 hours, centrifuging it to obtain a solid phase and washing the residual sodium hydroxide with water; then immersing it in a cellulase aqueous solution (50,000 U / L), treating it at 35°C for 1 hour, heating it to 90°C to inactivate the enzyme for 20 minutes, and then centrifuging it to obtain a solid phase to obtain alkaline enzymatic hydrolyzed Kochia scoparia;

[0042] (2) After washing the Kochia scoparia, drying the surface moisture in the sun, chopping, adding water in a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:8, heating to 85° C. for extraction for 3 hours, centrifuging, taking the filtrate, and vacuum-evaporating to obtain an extract, wherein the water content of the extract is controlled to be 30%wt;

[0043] (3) mixing alkaline enzymatic hydrolyzed Kochia scoparia and earthworm castings in a weight ratio of 8:12, and treating at 600° C. for 2 hours to obtain Kochia scoparia and earthworm castings composite biochar;

[0044] (4) The earthworm castings composite biochar, sodium alginate, humus and Kochia scoparia water extract are mixed evenly in a weight ratio of 8:1:2:4 to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0045] Comparative Example 1

[0046] Compared with Example 1, when preparing biochar, Kochia scoparia was not subjected to alkalization treatment and enzymolysis treatment. The preparation method of biochar is as follows: Kochia scoparia is washed, dried, crushed to 100 mesh, Kochia scoparia and earthworm castings are mixed in a weight ratio of 8:15, and treated at 600°C for 2 hours to obtain Kochia scoparia earthworm castings composite biochar. The rest is consistent with Example 1.

[0047] Comparative Example 2

[0048] Compared with Example 2, the Kochia scoparia water extract was not added, and humus was used to replace the Kochia scoparia water extract. Specifically, Kochia scoparia earthworm castings composite biochar, sodium alginate and humus were mixed evenly in a weight ratio of 10:1:7 to obtain a soil conditioner. The rest was consistent with Example 1.

[0049] Experimental example

[0050] Six groups were set up, including five experimental groups using the soil conditioners obtained from Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, and a control group using no soil conditioner.

[0051] This experiment was conducted in a corn planting area in a city in Yunnan Province. The planting area was prone to corn borer diseases. In the first year before this experiment, the incidence of corn borer diseases in this planting area was 41.2%. The field management measures of each group were carried out in accordance with the local corn production regulations. Before planting, each experimental group applied 1200kg / ha of soil conditioner in each group at one time. This experiment investigated the corn yield and the incidence of corn borer diseases in each group. Disease incidence (%) = (number of diseased plants / total number of plants investigated) × 100%. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0052] Table 1

[0053]

Claims

1. A method for preparing a soil conditioner for promoting yield and preventing diseases in corn fields, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing alkaline enzymatic hydrolyzed Kochia scoparia and earthworm castings in a weight ratio of 8:12-18, and calcining at high temperature to prepare Kochia scoparia and earthworm castings composite biochar; (2) mixing the Kochia scoparia earthworm castings composite biochar, sodium alginate, humus and Kochia scoparia water extract in a weight ratio of 8-12:1:2:4-6 to obtain a soil conditioner; The alkaline enzymatic hydrolysis of Kochia scoparia is obtained by first soaking the Kochia scoparia dry powder with alkali solution and then treating it with cellulase; The Kochia scoparia water extract is an extract obtained by heating and extracting the Kochia scoparia with water and concentrating the extract.

2. The method for preparing a soil conditioner for promoting yield and preventing diseases for corn fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alkali solution is 10%wt sodium hydroxide.

3. The method for preparing a soil conditioner for promoting yield and preventing diseases for corn fields according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the dried Kochia scoparia powder is soaked in alkali solution, the temperature is 35°C and the time is 2 hours.

4. The method for preparing a soil conditioner for promoting yield and preventing diseases for corn fields according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: When the cellulase is used for treatment, it is carried out in an aqueous solution containing 50,000 U / L of cellulase.

5. The method for preparing a soil conditioner for promoting yield and preventing diseases for corn fields according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the cellulase treatment was carried out, the temperature was 35°C and the time was 1 hour.

6. The method for preparing a soil conditioner for promoting yield and preventing diseases for corn fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the Kochia scoparia water extract is as follows: wash the Kochia scoparia, dry the surface moisture in the sun, chop it, add water in a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:8, heat it to 85° C. and extract it for 3 hours, take the filtrate after centrifugation, and obtain the extract by vacuum rotary evaporation, and control the water content of the extract to be 30%wt.

7. The method for preparing a soil conditioner for promoting yield and preventing diseases for corn fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight ratio of alkaline enzymatic hydrolyzed Kochia scoparia and earthworm castings is 8:

15.

8. The method for preparing a soil conditioner for promoting yield and preventing diseases for corn fields according to claim 1, 5 or 7, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the Kochia scoparia earthworm castings composite biochar, sodium alginate, humus and Kochia scoparia water extract is 10:1:2:

5.

9. The method for preparing a soil conditioner for promoting yield and preventing diseases for corn fields according to claim 8, characterized in that: The high temperature calcination is performed at 600° C. for 2 hours.

10. A soil conditioner for promoting yield and preventing diseases in corn fields, characterized in that: The soil conditioner is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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