Evaluation method and system for groundwater environmental disturbance caused by highway construction in high-altitude cold and humid areas

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of groundwater environmental assessment, and in particular to a method and system for evaluating the impact of highway construction on groundwater environmental disturbance in alpine wetlands. The method comprises obtaining historical environmental data and historical groundwater data of the construction area; constructing a groundwater calculation model; determining construction source and sink terms and a first permeability coefficient based on the construction data, and introducing these into the calculation model to obtain a first simulation result; obtaining a second permeability coefficient based on vegetation coverage, and updating the source and sink terms to obtain second and third simulation results, respectively; calculating a comprehensive score based on the three sets of simulation results and historical groundwater data before construction; and determining the evaluation results of groundwater environmental disturbance caused by highway construction in alpine wetlands based on the comprehensive score and a preset threshold. The present invention can scientifically determine the impact of highway construction on the groundwater environment in alpine wetlands, provide auxiliary decision-making for construction activities, and thus effectively protect the alpine wetland ecosystem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of groundwater environment evaluation, and in particular to a method and system for evaluating the disturbance of groundwater environment caused by highway construction in high-altitude cold and humid areas. Background Art

[0002] Wetlands are one of the world's four major ecosystems and are unique and multifunctional ecosystems on Earth. Alpine wetlands are a special type of wetland formed in high-altitude areas due to their unique alpine environment. Due to the influence of basic factors such as geomorphology, hydrology, biology, and soil, and the interaction of alpine biomes with alpine wetlands, alpine wetlands have unique ecological functions such as water storage and climate regulation. They provide habitats for plateau wetland flora and fauna, and offer valuable biological, land, and tourism resources to humans.

[0003] The primary impacts of highway construction on alpine wetlands are roadbed filling, soft foundation replacement, and compaction, which alter the flow of groundwater in wetland soils and block the normal flow and direction of groundwater within the soil. Excavation below the groundwater level causes water seepage along the roadbed edges and excavated slopes, further contributing to a drop in groundwater levels, the death of surface vegetation, and increased soil erodibility, ultimately triggering geological disasters and disrupting ecological balance. Once this ecological damage occurs, the surface soil's water retention capacity is significantly reduced, losing its ability to conserve water resources and creating a vicious cycle.

[0004] However, there is no scientific and effective evaluation method for the impact of highway construction on the groundwater environment of alpine wetlands in the existing technology, and the existing groundwater environment evaluation method is not applicable.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an evaluation method and system for the disturbance of groundwater environment caused by highway construction in alpine and wet areas, which can scientifically judge the impact of highway construction on the groundwater environment of alpine wetlands, provide auxiliary decision-making for construction activities, and thus effectively protect the alpine wetland ecosystem. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an evaluation method and system for the disturbance of groundwater environment caused by highway construction in alpine and wet areas, which can scientifically judge the impact of highway construction on the groundwater environment of alpine wetlands, provide auxiliary decision-making for construction activities, and thus effectively protect the alpine wetland ecosystem.

[0007] The present invention provides a method for evaluating the disturbance of groundwater environment caused by highway construction in high-altitude cold and humid areas, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Obtain historical environmental data and historical groundwater data of the construction area and perform pre-processing;

[0009] S2. constructing a groundwater level calculation model, a groundwater flow calculation model, and a groundwater flow direction calculation model based on the preprocessed historical environmental data and the processed historical groundwater data;

[0010] S3. Determine the construction source and sink terms and the first permeability coefficient based on the construction data, bring them into various calculation models, and calculate to obtain a first simulation result;

[0011] S4. Determine the vegetation recovery rate and calculate the vegetation coverage after a first preset period and a second preset period, respectively; wherein the second preset period is greater than the first preset period;

[0012] S5. Obtain a second permeability coefficient based on the vegetation coverage and the first permeability coefficient, and calculate source and sink items for the first preset period and the second preset period based on historical environmental data and historical groundwater data;

[0013] S6. Bringing the second permeability coefficient and the updated source-sink term into each calculation model to calculate and obtain a second simulation result and a third simulation result;

[0014] S7. Calculate a comprehensive score based on the first simulation result, the second simulation result, and the third simulation result and the historical groundwater data before construction;

[0015] S8. Determine the evaluation results of the disturbance of groundwater environment caused by highway construction in high-altitude cold and humid areas based on the comprehensive total score and preset threshold.

[0016] Furthermore, based on the pre-processed historical environmental data and the processed historical groundwater data, a groundwater level calculation model, a groundwater flow calculation model, and a groundwater flow direction calculation model are respectively constructed, including:

[0017] The groundwater level calculation model expression is as follows:

[0018] ;

[0019] Among them, h represents the water head height, that is, the groundwater level, S s represents the water storage coefficient, t represents time, K represents the initial permeability coefficient, S represents the source and sink term, represents the gradient operator, represents the hydraulic head gradient;

[0020] The groundwater flow calculation model expression is as follows:

[0021] ;

[0022] ;

[0023] Where q represents the velocity vector, Q represents the groundwater flow rate, and A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the water flow;

[0024] The groundwater flow calculation model expression is as follows:

[0025] ;

[0026] Where θ represents the angle of groundwater flow, q y represents the component of the velocity vector in the y direction, q x represents the component of the velocity vector in the x direction.

[0027] Furthermore, in S3, the construction source and sink items are determined based on the construction data and introduced into each calculation model to calculate and obtain the first simulation result, including:

[0028] S31. Divide the construction area into several unit grids;

[0029] S32. Calculate the total construction source and sink items based on the drainage rate, well point pumping, and leakage in the construction data. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0030] ;

[0031] ;

[0032] ;

[0033] ;

[0034] Among them, S1 represents the drainage rate source and sink term, S2 represents the well point pumping source and sink term, S3 represents the leakage source and sink term, Q1 represents the amount of water extracted by drainage operation, Q2 represents the amount of water pumped by well point, Q3 represents the amount of leakage water, and A cell represents the unit grid area, and S represents the total construction source and sink items.

[0035] Furthermore, in S3, determining the first permeability coefficient according to the construction data includes:

[0036] S33. Determine the soil compaction change ratio before and after construction based on the construction data;

[0037] S34. Update the initial permeability coefficient according to the soil compaction change ratio to obtain a first permeability coefficient.

[0038] Furthermore, in S4, determining the permafrost thawing rate and the vegetation recovery rate, and calculating the permafrost thawing ratio and the vegetation coverage after the first preset period and the second preset period respectively include:

[0039] S41. Determine the average annual permafrost thawing rate and the average annual vegetation recovery rate based on historical environmental data;

[0040] S42, calculating the vegetation coverage after the first preset period based on the current vegetation coverage, the average annual vegetation recovery rate, and the first preset period; calculating the vegetation coverage after the second preset period based on the current vegetation coverage, the average annual vegetation recovery rate, and the second preset period;

[0041] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0042] V = V0 + (r1 × n);

[0043] Among them, V n represents the vegetation coverage after the first preset period or the second preset period, V0 represents the current vegetation coverage, r1 represents the average annual vegetation recovery rate, and n represents the length of the first preset period or the second preset period.

[0044] Furthermore, in S5, the second permeability coefficient is obtained according to the vegetation coverage and the first permeability coefficient, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0045] ;

[0046] Among them, K2 represents the second permeability coefficient, K1 represents the first permeability coefficient, β represents the influence coefficient of vegetation coverage on the permeability coefficient, α represents the inhibition coefficient of organic matter blocking pores, and V represents the vegetation coverage after the first preset period or the second preset period.

[0047] Furthermore, in S5, calculating the source and sink items of the first preset period and the second preset period based on the historical environmental data and the historical groundwater data includes:

[0048] S51, determining the average rainfall recharge water volume and the average evaporation and transpiration water volume in the first preset period and the second preset period respectively based on the historical environmental data and the historical groundwater data;

[0049] S52, calculating the rainfall recharge source and sink items and the evaporation and transpiration source and sink items of the first preset period or the second preset period according to the average rainfall recharge water volume and the average evaporation and transpiration water volume of the first preset period or the second preset period;

[0050] S53. Obtain source and sink items for the first preset period or the second preset period by summing the rainfall recharge source and sink items, the evaporation and transpiration source and sink items, and the total construction source and sink items.

[0051] Furthermore, in S7, the comprehensive total score calculated based on the first simulation result, the second simulation result, and the third simulation result and the historical groundwater data before construction includes:

[0052] S71, respectively calculating differences between the first simulation result, the second simulation result, and the third simulation result and the historical groundwater data before construction to obtain a first difference result, a second difference result, and a third difference result;

[0053] S72. Perform weighted calculation based on the first difference result, the second difference result, and the third difference result to obtain a comprehensive score;

[0054] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0055] ;

[0056] Among them, C i represents the comprehensive score of the difference results of the i-th group, a, b, c represent the influence weights of water level, flow rate and flow direction respectively, Δh represents the difference of water level, ΔQ represents the difference of flow rate, and Δθ represents the difference of flow direction;

[0057] S73. Perform weighted calculation based on the first comprehensive score, the second comprehensive score, and the third comprehensive score to obtain a comprehensive total score;

[0058] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0059] ;

[0060] Among them, w1 represents the weight of the first comprehensive score, w2 represents the weight of the second comprehensive score, w3 represents the weight of the third comprehensive score, C1 represents the first comprehensive score, C2 represents the second comprehensive score, C3 represents the third comprehensive score, and C 总 Indicates the overall overall score.

[0061] The present invention also provides an evaluation system for groundwater environmental disturbance caused by highway construction in high-altitude cold and humid areas, which is used to implement the above-mentioned evaluation method for groundwater environmental disturbance caused by highway construction in high-altitude cold and humid areas. The system includes the following modules:

[0062] Data acquisition module, used to obtain historical environmental data and historical groundwater data of the construction area and perform pre-processing;

[0063] A model building module is connected to the data acquisition module and is used to respectively build a groundwater level calculation model, a groundwater flow calculation model, and a groundwater flow direction calculation model based on the preprocessed historical environmental data and the processed historical groundwater data;

[0064] A simulation calculation module, connected to the model construction module, is used to determine the construction source and sink terms and the first permeability coefficient based on the construction data, bring them into each calculation model, and calculate a first simulation result; determine the vegetation recovery rate, and respectively calculate the vegetation coverage after a first preset period and a second preset period; wherein the second preset period is greater than the first preset period; obtain a second permeability coefficient based on the vegetation coverage and the first permeability coefficient, and calculate the source and sink terms for the first preset period and the second preset period based on the historical environmental data and historical groundwater data; bring the second permeability coefficient and the updated source and sink terms into each calculation model to calculate a second simulation result and a third simulation result;

[0065] A scoring calculation module, connected to the simulation calculation module, is used to calculate a comprehensive total score based on the first simulation result, the second simulation result, the third simulation result and the historical groundwater data before construction;

[0066] The evaluation output module is connected to the score calculation module and is used to judge the evaluation results of the disturbance of groundwater environment caused by highway construction in high-cold and humid areas based on the comprehensive total score and the preset threshold.

[0067] The embodiments of the present invention have the following technical effects:

[0068] The present invention introduces the proportion of soil compaction change and vegetation coverage to clearly quantify the inhibitory effect of roadbed filling and compaction on the permeability coefficient and the compensatory effect of vegetation restoration; soil compaction can be quickly measured on-site by a dynamic cone penetrometer, and vegetation coverage can be interpreted by remote sensing images. The parameter acquisition cost is low and the timeliness is strong. By widely collecting historical data of the construction area, especially parameters unique to high-cold and humid areas such as soil compaction, roadbed filling, soft foundation replacement and compaction operations and their effects on permeability coefficient, this helps to more accurately reflect the state changes of the groundwater environment; by considering the source and sink terms of vegetation recovery rate after different preset periods, not only the impact during the construction period is taken into account, but also the medium and long-term impact after construction, avoiding the risk of overestimation or underestimation of static models, which helps to comprehensively evaluate the disturbance of construction to the groundwater environment. The comprehensive scores according to different stages can better capture the changing trend of the impact of construction activities on the groundwater environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0069] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0070] Figure 1This is a flow chart of a method for evaluating groundwater environmental disturbance caused by highway construction in high-cold and humid areas, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the relationship between soil compaction and permeability coefficient provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the effect of vegetation coverage on permeability, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the evaluation system for groundwater environmental disturbance caused by highway construction in high-cold and humid areas provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0075] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating the disturbance of groundwater environment caused by highway construction in high-altitude cold and humid areas. Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for evaluating groundwater environmental disturbance caused by highway construction in high-altitude cold and humid areas provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 , specifically including:

[0076] S1. Obtain historical environmental data and historical groundwater data of the construction area and perform preprocessing.

[0077] In some embodiments, historical environmental data may include: temperature data, permafrost melting rate data, precipitation data, vegetation coverage data, etc., and historical groundwater data may include: groundwater level data, groundwater flow data, groundwater flow direction data, permeability coefficient data, etc.

[0078] Preprocessing can include: data cleaning, data normalization, interpolation processing and other operations.

[0079] S2. Based on the pre-processed historical environmental data and the processed historical groundwater data, a groundwater level calculation model, a groundwater flow calculation model, and a groundwater flow direction calculation model are constructed respectively.

[0080] In some embodiments, the groundwater level calculation model expression is as follows:

[0081] ;

[0082] Among them, h represents the water head height, that is, the groundwater level, S s represents the water storage coefficient, which represents the amount of water stored per unit volume of the aquifer under a unit head change; t represents time; K represents the initial permeability coefficient, which represents the ability of water to pass through the aquifer; S represents the source and sink term, which represents the inflow or outflow in the groundwater system; represents the gradient operator, represents the hydraulic head gradient;

[0083] The groundwater flow calculation model expression is as follows:

[0084] ;

[0085] ;

[0086] Among them, q represents the velocity vector, indicating the speed and direction of water flow, Q represents the groundwater flow rate, and A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​water flow;

[0087] The groundwater flow calculation model expression is as follows:

[0088] ;

[0089] Where θ represents the angle of groundwater flow, q y represents the component of the velocity vector in the y direction, q x represents the component of the velocity vector in the x direction.

[0090] S3. Determine the construction source and sink terms and the first permeability coefficient based on the construction data, bring them into various calculation models, and calculate to obtain a first simulation result.

[0091] In some embodiments, depending on the construction plan, certain construction activities (such as bridge and culvert projects) may require foundation pit dewatering or other forms of drainage operations, which will cause groundwater to be extracted from specific locations; certain construction activities (such as tunnel projects) may use well point pumping systems to lower the groundwater level; excavation and filling of roadbed slopes during the construction process may also destroy the existing groundwater flow field, causing groundwater to seep from the excavation surface of the project, etc. These construction activities will affect the inflow or outflow of the groundwater system, that is, the source and sink items.

[0092] In some embodiments, S3 may include the following sub-steps:

[0093] S31. Divide the construction area into several unit grids.

[0094] S32. Calculate the total construction source and sink items based on the drainage rate, well point pumping, and leakage in the construction data. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0095] ;

[0096] ;

[0097] ;

[0098] ;

[0099] Among them, S1 represents the drainage rate source and sink term, S2 represents the well point pumping source and sink term, S3 represents the leakage source and sink term, Q1 represents the amount of water extracted by drainage operation, Q2 represents the amount of water pumped by well point, Q3 represents the amount of leakage water, and A cell represents the unit grid area, and S represents the total construction source and sink items.

[0100] S33. Determine the soil compaction change ratio before and after construction based on the construction data.

[0101] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the relationship between soil compaction and permeability coefficient provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The process of highway construction involves operations such as roadbed filling, soft foundation replacement and compaction. Among them, roadbed filling is to remove the original surface soil and fill it with materials such as gravel, sand or clay in layers to form a roadbed; soft foundation replacement is to remove soft soil layers (such as peat and silt) and replace them with permeable / stable materials such as gravel and lime soil; compaction is to use a roller (static pressure / vibration) to apply pressure to the filling layer to reduce porosity; it can be seen that the compaction of the soil in the construction area will change after construction, and the use of different filling materials will result in different changes in the compaction ratio of the soil, which in turn affects the change in the permeability coefficient and affects the groundwater environment.

[0102] In some embodiments, the soil compaction change ratio is calculated as follows:

[0103] ;

[0104] Where CD represents the change ratio of soil compaction before and after construction, CD0 represents soil compaction before construction, CD1 represents soil compaction after construction, and MDD represents maximum soil compaction. Soil compaction can be obtained through methods such as borehole sampling or DCP in-situ testing. Maximum Dry Density (MDD) is the highest density that soil can achieve under a specific compaction energy and can be determined through laboratory tests and corrected based on field conditions.

[0105] S34. Update the initial permeability coefficient according to the soil compaction change ratio to obtain a first permeability coefficient.

[0106] In some embodiments, the updating formula of the first permeability coefficient is as follows:

[0107] ;

[0108] Among them, K1 represents the first permeability coefficient, and γ represents the influence coefficient of compaction on the permeability coefficient, which can be determined through compaction test calibration. For example, γ=0.5 means that for every unit increase in soil compaction, the permeability coefficient decreases by 50%.

[0109] For example, assuming that the initial permeability coefficient K=10 m / day, CD=0.2, and γ=0.6, then K1=10×(1-0.6×0.2)=8.8 m / day.

[0110] S35. Substitute the total source and sink terms and the first permeability coefficient into the calculation model in S2 to obtain a first simulation result.

[0111] The first simulation result includes groundwater level data, flow data and flow direction data after construction.

[0112] S4. Determine the vegetation recovery rate, and calculate the vegetation coverage after the first preset period and the second preset period respectively.

[0113] Among them, the second preset period is greater than the first preset period. The first preset period represents the medium-term impact on the groundwater environment after construction, and the second preset period represents the long-term impact on the groundwater environment after construction. For example, the first preset period can be 5 years and the second preset period can be 10 years.

[0114] In some embodiments, the following sub-steps may be included:

[0115] S41. Determine the average annual vegetation recovery rate based on historical environmental data.

[0116] In some embodiments, historical vegetation coverage data is obtained based on historical environmental data, and the data is fitted using methods such as linear regression to obtain the average annual vegetation recovery rate.

[0117] In some embodiments, the average annual vegetation recovery rate may also be estimated using remote sensing data or ecological models.

[0118] S42. Calculate the vegetation coverage after the first preset period based on the current vegetation coverage, the average annual vegetation recovery rate, and the first preset period; calculate the vegetation coverage after the second preset period based on the current vegetation coverage, the average annual vegetation recovery rate, and the second preset period.

[0119] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0120] V = V0 + (r1 × n);

[0121] Wherein, V represents the vegetation coverage after the first preset period or the second preset period, V0 represents the current vegetation coverage, r1 represents the average annual vegetation recovery rate, and n represents the length of the first preset period or the length of the second preset period.

[0122] S5. Obtain a second permeability coefficient based on the vegetation coverage and the first permeability coefficient, and calculate source and sink items for the first preset period and the second preset period based on historical environmental data and historical groundwater data.

[0123] In some embodiments, the following sub-steps may be included:

[0124] S50: Obtain a second permeability coefficient according to the vegetation coverage and the first permeability coefficient.

[0125] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0126] ;

[0127] Among them, K2 represents the second permeability coefficient, K1 represents the first permeability coefficient, β represents the influence coefficient of vegetation coverage on the permeability coefficient, α represents the inhibition coefficient of organic matter blocking pores, and V represents the vegetation coverage after the first preset period or the second preset period.

[0128] In some embodiments, Figure 3 This is a graph showing the effect of vegetation coverage on permeability provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 Vegetation has a positive effect on permeability. Vegetation roots penetrate the soil to form a pore network, enhancing water penetration capacity. When the vegetation coverage is low, organic matter accumulates less, the root loosening effect dominates, and the permeability coefficient increases linearly with vegetation coverage; when the vegetation coverage is high, plant residues (litter, root secretions) block soil pores, resulting in a decrease in permeability; the influence coefficient of vegetation coverage on the permeability coefficient and the inhibition coefficient of organic matter blocking pores can be determined through field observations or laboratory tests.

[0129] S51. Determine the average rainfall recharge water volume and the average evaporation and transpiration water volume in the first preset period and the second preset period respectively based on historical environmental data and historical groundwater data.

[0130] S52. Calculate the rainfall recharge source and sink items and the evaporation and transpiration source and sink items of the first preset period or the second preset period according to the average rainfall recharge water volume and the average evaporation and transpiration water volume of the first preset period or the second preset period.

[0131] In some embodiments, the rainfall recharge source and sink term represents the recharge effect of rainfall on groundwater, which is usually a positive value and is calculated as follows:

[0132] S rain =Pavg ×A 总 ;

[0133] Among them, S rain represents the rainfall recharge source and sink item of the first preset period or the second preset period, P avg Indicates the average rainfall replenishment water volume of the first preset period or the second preset period, A 总 Indicates the total area of ​​the construction zone;

[0134] The evaporation source and sink items represent the consumption of groundwater by evaporation and transpiration, which are usually negative. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0135] S et =-E avg ×A 总 ;

[0136] Among them, S et Indicates the evaporation source and sink items of the first preset period or the second preset period, E avg Indicates the average evaporation and transpiration water volume in the first preset period or the second preset period.

[0137] S53. Obtain source and sink items for the first preset period or the second preset period by summing the rainfall recharge source and sink items, the evaporation and transpiration source and sink items, and the total construction source and sink items.

[0138] In some embodiments, the rainfall recharge source and sink items, evaporation and transpiration source and sink items, and total construction source and sink items are summed to obtain the source and sink items for the first preset period or the second preset period. By comprehensively considering natural factors (such as source and sink items caused by rainfall and evaporation and transpiration) and human factors (such as source and sink items caused by construction activities), the mid-term and long-term impact of construction on the groundwater environment can be comprehensively evaluated.

[0139] S6. Bring the second permeability coefficient and the updated source-sink term into each calculation model to calculate and obtain the second simulation result and the third simulation result.

[0140] In some embodiments, the permeability coefficient updated according to the first preset period and the source and sink terms of the first preset period are brought into each calculation model to calculate and obtain a second simulation result; the permeability coefficient updated according to the second preset period and the source and sink terms of the second preset period are brought into each calculation model to calculate and obtain a third simulation result.

[0141] S7. Calculate a comprehensive total score based on the first simulation results, the second simulation results, and the third simulation results and the historical groundwater data before construction.

[0142] In some embodiments, the following sub-steps may be included:

[0143] S71. Calculate the difference between the first simulation result, the second simulation result, and the third simulation result and the historical groundwater data before construction to obtain a first difference result, a second difference result, and a third difference result.

[0144] S72. Perform weighted calculation based on the first difference result, the second difference result, and the third difference result to obtain a comprehensive score.

[0145] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0146] ;

[0147] Among them, C i represents the comprehensive score of the difference results of the i-th group, a, b, and c represent the influence weights of water level, flow rate, and flow direction, respectively, Δh represents the difference in water level, ΔQ represents the difference in flow rate, and Δθ represents the difference in flow direction.

[0148] For example, the influence weight of each indicator can be determined based on expert experience or methods such as hierarchical analysis method.

[0149] S73. Perform weighted calculation based on the first comprehensive score, the second comprehensive score, and the third comprehensive score to obtain a comprehensive total score.

[0150] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0151] ;

[0152] Among them, w1 represents the weight of the first comprehensive score, w2 represents the weight of the second comprehensive score, w3 represents the weight of the third comprehensive score, C1 represents the first comprehensive score, C2 represents the second comprehensive score, C3 represents the third comprehensive score, and C 总 Indicates the overall overall score.

[0153] S8. Determine the evaluation results of the disturbance of groundwater environment caused by highway construction in high-altitude cold and humid areas based on the comprehensive total score and preset threshold.

[0154] In some embodiments, preset thresholds or multiple threshold intervals can be set based on environmental protection standards, engineering specifications, and expert opinions to distinguish different impact levels, and the evaluation results of the disturbance of the groundwater environment by highway construction in high-altitude cold and humid areas can be judged based on the impact level corresponding to the threshold interval in which the comprehensive total score lies.

[0155] For example, it is assumed that the threshold intervals are divided as follows:

[0156] A comprehensive total score of ≤5 indicates a weak impact; the construction activities have very little or no significant negative impact on the groundwater in the alpine wetland;

[0157] 5<Comprehensive total score≤15 indicates some impact; construction activities have some impact on groundwater in alpine wetlands, but it is still within a controllable range and will not cause groundwater obstruction;

[0158] A comprehensive score greater than 15 indicates a significant impact. Construction activities have a significant impact on groundwater in alpine wetlands, potentially causing serious damage to the groundwater environment and even groundwater isolation. Groundwater isolation cuts off water flow between wetland patches and affects the migration and transfer of substances, energy, and organisms within the wetland, potentially damaging the health of the wetland ecosystem.

[0159] Based on the threshold range of the comprehensive total score, it is determined whether the highway construction will have a groundwater barrier impact on the alpine wetlands, and the construction plan is adjusted according to the evaluation results.

[0160] The present invention introduces the proportion of soil compaction change and vegetation coverage to clearly quantify the inhibitory effect of roadbed filling and compaction on the permeability coefficient and the compensatory effect of vegetation restoration; soil compaction can be quickly measured on-site by a dynamic cone penetrometer, and vegetation coverage can be interpreted by remote sensing images. The parameter acquisition cost is low and the timeliness is strong. By widely collecting historical data of the construction area, especially parameters unique to high-cold and humid areas such as soil compaction, roadbed filling, soft foundation replacement and compaction operations and their effects on permeability coefficient, this helps to more accurately reflect the state changes of the groundwater environment; by considering the source and sink terms of vegetation recovery rate after different preset periods, not only the impact during the construction period is taken into account, but also the medium and long-term impact after construction, avoiding the risk of overestimation or underestimation of static models, which helps to comprehensively evaluate the disturbance of construction to the groundwater environment. The comprehensive scores according to different stages can better capture the changing trend of the impact of construction activities on the groundwater environment.

[0161] The embodiment of the present invention provides an evaluation system for the disturbance of groundwater environment caused by highway construction in high-altitude cold and humid areas. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the evaluation system for groundwater environmental disturbance caused by highway construction in high-cold and humid areas provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 The system is used to implement the above-mentioned evaluation method for groundwater environmental disturbance caused by highway construction in high-altitude cold and humid areas. The system includes the following modules:

[0162] Data acquisition module, used to obtain historical environmental data and historical groundwater data of the construction area and perform pre-processing;

[0163] A model building module is connected to the data acquisition module and is used to respectively build a groundwater level calculation model, a groundwater flow calculation model, and a groundwater flow direction calculation model based on the preprocessed historical environmental data and the processed historical groundwater data;

[0164] A simulation calculation module, connected to the model construction module, is used to determine the construction source and sink terms and the first permeability coefficient based on the construction data, bring them into each calculation model, and calculate a first simulation result; determine the vegetation recovery rate, and respectively calculate the vegetation coverage after a first preset period and a second preset period; wherein the second preset period is greater than the first preset period; obtain a second permeability coefficient based on the vegetation coverage and the first permeability coefficient, and calculate the source and sink terms for the first preset period and the second preset period based on the historical environmental data and historical groundwater data; bring the second permeability coefficient and the updated source and sink terms into each calculation model to calculate a second simulation result and a third simulation result;

[0165] A scoring calculation module, connected to the simulation calculation module, is used to calculate a comprehensive total score based on the first simulation result, the second simulation result, the third simulation result and the historical groundwater data before construction;

[0166] The evaluation output module is connected to the score calculation module and is used to judge the evaluation results of the disturbance of groundwater environment caused by highway construction in high-cold and humid areas based on the comprehensive total score and the preset threshold.

[0167] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. The evaluation method of groundwater environmental disturbance caused by highway construction in high-altitude cold and humid areas is characterized by: The steps include: S1. Obtain historical environmental data and historical groundwater data of the construction area and perform pre-processing; S2. constructing a groundwater level calculation model, a groundwater flow calculation model, and a groundwater flow direction calculation model based on the preprocessed historical environmental data and the processed historical groundwater data; Specifically include: The groundwater level calculation model expression is as follows: ； Among them, h represents the water head height, that is, the groundwater level, S s represents the water storage coefficient, t represents time, K represents the initial permeability coefficient, S represents the source and sink term, represents the gradient operator, represents the hydraulic head gradient; The groundwater flow calculation model expression is as follows: ； ； Where q represents the velocity vector, Q represents the groundwater flow rate, and A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the water flow; The groundwater flow calculation model expression is as follows: ； Where θ represents the angle of groundwater flow, q y represents the component of the velocity vector in the y direction, q x represents the component of the velocity vector in the x direction; S3. Determine the construction source and sink terms and the first permeability coefficient based on the construction data, bring them into various calculation models, and calculate to obtain a first simulation result; The method for determining the first permeability coefficient specifically includes: Determine the percentage change in soil compaction before and after construction based on construction data; The initial permeability coefficient is updated according to the change ratio of soil compaction to obtain the first permeability coefficient; S4. Determine the vegetation recovery rate and calculate the vegetation coverage after a first preset period and a second preset period, respectively; wherein the second preset period is greater than the first preset period; Specifically include: S41. Determine the average annual permafrost thawing rate and the average annual vegetation recovery rate based on historical environmental data; S42, calculating the vegetation coverage after the first preset period based on the current vegetation coverage, the average annual vegetation recovery rate, and the first preset period; calculating the vegetation coverage after the second preset period based on the current vegetation coverage, the average annual vegetation recovery rate, and the second preset period; S5. Obtain a second permeability coefficient based on vegetation coverage and the first permeability coefficient, and calculate source and sink items for a first preset period and a second preset period based on historical environmental data and historical groundwater data; Specifically include: A second permeability coefficient is obtained according to the vegetation coverage and the first permeability coefficient. The calculation formula is as follows: ； Wherein, K2 represents the second permeability coefficient, K1 represents the first permeability coefficient, β represents the influence coefficient of vegetation coverage on permeability coefficient, α represents the inhibition coefficient of organic matter blocking pores, and V represents the vegetation coverage after the first preset period or after the second preset period; S6. Bringing the second permeability coefficient and the updated source-sink term into each calculation model to calculate and obtain a second simulation result and a third simulation result; S7. Calculate a comprehensive score based on the first simulation result, the second simulation result, and the third simulation result and the historical groundwater data before construction; S8. Determine the evaluation results of the disturbance of groundwater environment caused by highway construction in high-altitude cold and humid areas based on the comprehensive total score and preset threshold.

2. The method for evaluating the disturbance of groundwater environment caused by highway construction in high-altitude cold and wet areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S3, determining the construction source and sink items based on the construction data includes: S31. Divide the construction area into several unit grids; S32. Calculate the total construction source and sink items based on the drainage rate, well point pumping, and leakage in the construction data. The calculation formula is as follows: ； ； ； ； Among them, S1 represents the drainage rate source and sink term, S2 represents the well point pumping source and sink term, S3 represents the leakage source and sink term, Q1 represents the amount of water extracted by drainage operation, Q2 represents the amount of water pumped by well point, Q3 represents the amount of leakage water, and A cell represents the unit grid area, and S represents the total construction source and sink items.

3. The method for evaluating the disturbance of groundwater environment caused by highway construction in high-altitude cold and wet areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S5, calculating the source and sink items of the first preset period and the second preset period based on the historical environmental data and the historical groundwater data includes: S51, determining the average rainfall recharge water volume and the average evaporation and transpiration water volume in the first preset period and the second preset period respectively based on the historical environmental data and the historical groundwater data; S52, calculating the rainfall recharge source and sink items and the evaporation and transpiration source and sink items of the first preset period or the second preset period according to the average rainfall recharge water volume and the average evaporation and transpiration water volume of the first preset period or the second preset period; S53. Obtain source and sink items for the first preset period or the second preset period by summing the rainfall recharge source and sink items, the evaporation and transpiration source and sink items, and the total construction source and sink items.

4. The method for evaluating the disturbance of groundwater environment caused by highway construction in high-altitude cold and wet areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S7, the comprehensive total score calculated based on the first simulation result, the second simulation result, the third simulation result and the historical groundwater data before construction includes: S71, respectively calculating differences between the first simulation result, the second simulation result, and the third simulation result and the historical groundwater data before construction to obtain a first difference result, a second difference result, and a third difference result; S72. Perform weighted calculation based on the first difference result, the second difference result, and the third difference result to obtain a comprehensive score; The calculation formula is as follows: ； Among them, C i represents the comprehensive score of the difference results of the i-th group, a, b, c represent the influence weights of water level, flow rate and flow direction respectively, Δh represents the difference of water level, ΔQ represents the difference of flow rate, and Δθ represents the difference of flow direction; S73. Perform weighted calculation based on the first comprehensive score, the second comprehensive score, and the third comprehensive score to obtain a comprehensive total score; The calculation formula is as follows: ； Among them, w1 represents the weight of the first comprehensive score, w2 represents the weight of the second comprehensive score, w3 represents the weight of the third comprehensive score, C1 represents the first comprehensive score, C2 represents the second comprehensive score, C3 represents the third comprehensive score, and C 总 Indicates the overall overall score.

5. An evaluation system for groundwater environmental disturbance caused by highway construction in high-cold and humid areas, used to implement the evaluation method for groundwater environmental disturbance caused by highway construction in high-cold and humid areas as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The system includes the following modules: Data acquisition module, used to obtain historical environmental data and historical groundwater data of the construction area and perform pre-processing; A model building module, connected to the data acquisition module, for building a groundwater level calculation model, a groundwater flow calculation model, and a groundwater flow direction calculation model based on the preprocessed historical environmental data and the processed historical groundwater data; A simulation calculation module, connected to the model building module, is used to determine the construction source and sink terms and the first permeability coefficient according to the construction data, bring them into each calculation model, and calculate to obtain a first simulation result; Determining a vegetation recovery rate and calculating vegetation coverage after a first preset period and a second preset period, respectively; wherein the second preset period is greater than the first preset period; obtaining a second permeability coefficient based on the vegetation coverage and the first permeability coefficient, and calculating source and sink terms for the first preset period and the second preset period based on historical environmental data and historical groundwater data; introducing the second permeability coefficient and the updated source and sink terms into each calculation model to calculate and obtain second and third simulation results; a scoring calculation module, connected to the simulation calculation module, for calculating a comprehensive total score based on the first simulation result, the second simulation result, the third simulation result and the historical groundwater data before construction; The evaluation output module is connected to the score calculation module and is used to determine the evaluation result of the disturbance of the groundwater environment by highway construction in the high-cold and humid areas based on the comprehensive total score and the preset threshold.

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