Antenna unit and communication device

Abstract

The invention provides an antenna unit and communication equipment, the antenna unit comprises a substrate, the substrate is provided with a feed network, a feed patch and a metasurface radiator, the feed patch and the metasurface radiator are located in a first area, and the feed network is connected with the feed patch; and the substrate is arranged on the metal back cavity. According to the antenna unit and the communication equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention, the structures of the antenna unit and the antenna array can be simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless technology, and in particular, to an antenna unit and a communication device. Background Art

[0002] Antenna arrays are a common way to achieve narrow beams and high gain, but the feeding network of array antennas is complex, costly, and causes feeding network losses. Using a single antenna unit to achieve high gain is extremely valuable in the wireless communication industry.

[0003] In the prior art, there is an antenna unit with controllable beam width, which makes the horizontal beam width and vertical beam width of the antenna inconsistent by setting an asymmetric radiation cavity, so that the horizontal beam width and vertical beam width can be controlled separately in the dual-polarization state to achieve high gain. However, this antenna unit sets the feeding structure in the radiation cavity, making the overall antenna structure complicated. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides an antenna unit and a communication device, which can simplify the structure of the antenna unit.

[0005] In a first aspect, an antenna unit is provided, comprising: a substrate, on which a feeding network, a feeding patch and a metasurface radiator are arranged, the feeding patch and the metasurface radiator are located in a first area, and the feeding network is connected to the feeding patch; and a metal back cavity, on which the substrate is arranged.

[0006] In the embodiment provided in the present application, the feeding network, the feeding patch and the metasurface radiator are integrated together on the substrate, and the feeding patch and the metasurface radiator are located in the first area, and the feeding network is connected to the feeding patch, which can simplify the structure of the antenna unit, realize the lightweight of the antenna unit, reduce the complexity of the processing and assembly of the antenna unit, and reduce the production cost of the antenna unit.

[0007] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the feeding network is connected to the feeding patch, including: at least part of the feeding network is located in the first area, and the part of the feeding network located in the first area is connected to the feeding patch.

[0008] In the embodiment provided in the present application, at least part of the feeding network is located in the first area, and the part of the feeding network located in the first area is connected to the feeding patch, which can improve the effect of the feeding network feeding the feeding patch.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the feeding network, the feeding patch and the metasurface radiator are arranged on the same surface of the substrate.

[0010] In the embodiments provided in the present application, the feeding network, the feeding patch and the metasurface radiator are arranged on the same surface of the substrate, which can further simplify the structure of the antenna unit and enable the feeding network, the feeding patch and the metasurface radiator to be integrally formed, thereby reducing processing complexity and production costs.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the feeding network, the feeding patch and the metasurface radiator are arranged on a side of the substrate facing the metal back cavity.

[0012] In the embodiments provided in the present application, the feeding network, the feeding patch and the metasurface radiator are arranged on the side of the substrate facing the metal back cavity, which can reduce the overall loss of the antenna unit.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the metasurface radiator includes a plurality of patch units, and a projection area of ​​the feeding patch along a direction perpendicular to the substrate is different from a projection area of ​​each of the plurality of patch units along a direction perpendicular to the substrate.

[0014] In the embodiments provided in the present application, the projection area of ​​the feed patch along the direction perpendicular to the substrate is different from the projection area of ​​the patch unit of the metasurface radiator along the direction perpendicular to the substrate, which can adjust the radiation field distribution of the antenna unit in the vertical direction, improve the directivity coefficient, and regulate the beam shape of the incident radiation pattern in the vertical direction, such as the beam zero point position and depth.

[0015] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the metasurface radiator includes a plurality of first patch units and a plurality of second patch units, and the plurality of first patch units and the plurality of second patch units are respectively arranged in two side areas of the feeding patch in the first area, and the projection area of ​​each first patch unit in the plurality of first patch units along the direction perpendicular to the substrate is different from the projection area of ​​each second patch unit in the plurality of second patch units along the direction perpendicular to the substrate.

[0016] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the plurality of first patch units and the plurality of second patch units are respectively arranged in two side areas of the feed patch along the direction of the first side of the antenna unit.

[0017] In the embodiment provided in the present application, the single first patch unit and the single second patch unit located in the two side areas of the feed have different projection areas along the direction perpendicular to the substrate, which can adjust the radiation field distribution of the antenna unit in the vertical direction, improve the directivity coefficient, and regulate the beam shape of the incident radiation pattern in the vertical direction.

[0018] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the metasurface radiator includes a plurality of patch units, the plurality of patch units are distributed in different areas on the substrate, and a first gap is provided between the feeding patch and adjacent patch units.

[0019] In the embodiment provided in the present application, there is a first gap between the feeding patch and the adjacent patch unit, so that the feeding patch can couple and feed the metasurface radiator through the first gap.

[0020] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the patch units located at two side regions of the feed patch and the first gap line widths between the feed patches are different.

[0021] In the embodiment provided in the present application, the patch units located at the two side regions of the feed patch and the first slot line width between the feed patch are different, so that the impedance matching of the antenna unit can be adjusted.

[0022] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the metasurface radiator includes a plurality of patch units, and a second gap is provided between two adjacent patch units among the plurality of patch units.

[0023] In the embodiment provided in the present application, there is a second gap between two adjacent patch units, so that a plurality of patch units can be coupled and fed to each other through the second gap.

[0024] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the second slit line widths of the patch units located in the two side regions of the feeding patch are different.

[0025] In the embodiment provided in the present application, the second slot line widths of the patch units located on both sides of the feed patch are different, which can adjust the beam shape of the incident radiation pattern in the vertical direction of the antenna unit.

[0026] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a line width of the first slit is different from a line width of the second slit.

[0027] In the embodiment provided in the present application, the line width of the first slot is different from the line width of the second slot, which can adjust the beam shape of the incident radiation pattern in the vertical direction of the antenna unit.

[0028] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the metal back cavity includes a first metal plate, the first metal plate is a bottom plate of the metal back cavity, and the first metal plate is a grounding structure of the feeding network.

[0029] In the embodiment provided in the present application, the bottom plate of the metal cavity serves as the grounding structure of the feeding network, which can simplify the structure of the antenna unit.

[0030] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the metal back cavity includes a first metal plate and a second metal plate, the first metal plate is the bottom plate of the metal back cavity, the second metal plate is arranged above the first metal plate, and the second metal plate is the grounding structure of the feeding network.

[0031] In the embodiment provided in the present application, the metal back cavity includes a first metal plate and a second metal plate, and the second metal plate serves as a grounding structure of the feeding network, which enables the feeding network to be better grounded when the thickness of the metal back cavity is large.

[0032] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the second metal plate includes a main portion and an extension portion, the main portion is fixedly connected to the metal back cavity, and the extension portion is arranged at an angle to the main portion.

[0033] In the embodiment provided in the present application, the second metal plate includes a main portion and an extension portion, and the main portion and the extension portion are arranged at an angle, so that the shape of the second metal plate can be adapted to the shape of the feeding network, thereby facilitating impedance matching.

[0034] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a gap is provided between the first region and the metal back cavity.

[0035] In the embodiment provided in the present application, there is a gap between the first area and the metal back cavity, which can adjust the cross-polarization discrimination of the antenna unit.

[0036] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the number of the feed patches is one or more, and the one or more feed patches are arranged on the same surface of the substrate along the direction of the first side of the antenna unit.

[0037] In the embodiments provided in the present application, an antenna unit having one or more feed patches arranged along the direction of the first side of the antenna unit can be equivalent to a conventional antenna unit including more feed patches and achieve the same radiation effect. For example, an antenna unit including one feed patch can be equivalent to an antenna unit including two conventional feed patches, thereby simplifying the structure of the antenna unit; and, one or more feed patches only require one or two feed points to feed them, thereby simplifying the structure of the feeding network; one or more feed patches are arranged on the same surface of the substrate in a vertical direction, which can also make the antenna unit easy to process.

[0038] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, an edge of the feed patch includes an opening portion, and / or the feed patch is a cut-corner structure.

[0039] In the embodiments provided in the present application, the edge of the feed patch includes an opening portion, and / or the feed patch is a cut-angle structure, which can further optimize the port isolation and cross-polarization discrimination within the antenna unit.

[0040] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a first side length of the antenna unit is greater than or equal to a working wavelength of the antenna unit.

[0041] In the embodiment provided in the present application, the first side length of the antenna unit is greater than or equal to the working wavelength of the antenna unit, which can significantly compress the beam width of the antenna unit in the vertical direction and adjust the cross-polarization discrimination of the antenna unit.

[0042] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the second side length of the antenna unit is less than or equal to 0.5 times the operating wavelength of the antenna unit.

[0043] In the embodiment provided in the present application, the second side length of the antenna unit is less than or equal to 0.5 times the working wavelength of the antenna unit, which can enable the antenna unit to maintain a wider horizontal beam width, adjust the cross-polarization discrimination of the antenna unit, and facilitate the antenna unit to be arrayed along the horizontal direction.

[0044] In a second aspect, a communication device is provided, wherein the communication device comprises one or more antenna units as described in the first aspect or any one implementation manner of the first aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the substrate structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the substrate structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the substrate structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the structure of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the structure of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the structure of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the side view structure of the antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the metal back cavity provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The technical solution in this application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0056] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" etc. described in this specification mean that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, the phrases "in one embodiment", "in some embodiments", "in some other embodiments", "in some other embodiments", etc. appearing in different places in this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, but mean "one or more but not all embodiments", unless otherwise specifically emphasized in other ways.

[0057] The terms "include", "comprising", "having" and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to", unless specifically emphasized otherwise.

[0058] In various embodiments of the present application, the first, second, etc. are only used to indicate that multiple objects are different. For example, the first side wall and the second side wall are only used to indicate different side walls of the metal cavity. They should not have any impact on the side walls themselves and the number of side walls, and the first, second, etc. mentioned above should not impose any limitations on the embodiments of the present application.

[0059] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the application scenario provided in the embodiment of the present application shows that the antenna 111 can be arranged on a pole 115 and fixedly connected to the pole 115, and the pole 115 can be fixed on the ground. The antenna 111 can be used to receive and send antenna signals. The antenna 111 can include the antenna unit described below. The antenna 111 can be composed of one or more antenna units. Multiple antenna units can also be arranged in an array to form one or more antenna arrays. The frequencies of the antenna units in each antenna array can be the same or different. The antenna 111 can be connected to a remote radio unit (RRU) 112 via a feeder 113, and the RRU 112 can be connected to a baseband unit (BBU) 114 via an optical fiber.

[0060] In addition, the antenna 111 may also be provided together with the radio remote unit 112, for example, the antenna 111 and the radio remote unit 112 are part of an active antenna processing unit (AAU). In other words, the antenna 111 may be part of a radio unit (RU), which is not limited in the present application.

[0061] The antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the above-mentioned antenna 111. The structure of the antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0062] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figures 3 to 5 Schematic diagram of the surface structure of the substrate 210 in the antenna unit. The antenna unit 200 may include a substrate 210 and a metal back cavity 220, wherein the substrate 210 may be disposed on the metal back cavity 220.

[0063] See also Figures 2 to 5 In the structure described above, the substrate 210 may be a printed circuit board (PCB), and a feeding network 211, a feeding patch 212 and a metasurface radiator 213 may be provided on the substrate 210. The feeding patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 may be located in the first area 214, and may refer to Figure 3 The first area 214 may be in the shape of a rectangle as shown in the figure. The size of the rectangular first area 214 may be smaller than the size of the substrate 210, so as to reserve a space for the feeding network 211. Part of the feeding network 211 may be arranged outside the first area 214, and part of the feeding network 211 may be arranged inside the first area 214. The part arranged inside the first area 214 may be connected to the feeding patch 212.

[0064] Exemplarily, the feed network 211 may include a first portion 2111 and a second portion 2112, the first portion 2111 may be located outside the first region 214, the first portion 2111 may be in a strip shape, and may be arranged in a vertical direction, and the vertical direction may be the direction of the y-axis shown in the figure. The second portion 2112 may be arranged at an angle to the first portion 2111, for example, 45°. One end of the second portion 2112 may be fixedly connected to the first portion 2111, and the other end may extend into the first region 214. When the second portion 2112 extends into the first region 214, the second portion 2112 may be perpendicular to the edge of the feed patch 212 close to the second portion 2112 to achieve ±45° polarization of the antenna unit.

[0065] The feeding network 211 may include two feeding ports, and the two feeding ports may be respectively arranged on both sides of the first area 214 along the direction of the x-axis shown in the figure, that is, the feeding network 211 may include two parts arranged on both sides of the first area 214, wherein each part corresponds to a feeding port. In addition, the two parts of the feeding network 211 located on both sides of the first area 214 may have the same structure, and the two parts of the feeding network 211 located on both sides of the first area 214 may include a first part 2111, and the first part 2111 may be connected to one or more second parts 2112, and the one or more second parts 2112 may be respectively electrically connected to one or more feeding patches 212. The two feeding ports of the feeding network 211 may be fed separately or simultaneously, and when the polarization mode excited by one of the feeding ports is +45° polarization, the polarization mode excited by the other feeding port may be -45°, and the working modes of the upper and lower parts of the feeding network 211 located in the first area 214 may be symmetrical. When the two feeding ports of the feeding network 211 are excited at the same time, the antenna unit can form ±45° dual polarization, and when one of the feeding ports is excited, the polarization mode of the antenna unit can be +45° or -45° single polarization. The feeding network 211 may also include only one feeding port, that is, it may include only the portion located on the upper side of the first area 214 as shown in the figure, or it may include only the portion located on the lower side of the first area 214. In this example, when the feeding port is excited, the polarization mode of the antenna unit may be +45° or -45° single polarization.

[0066] The number of the second parts 2112 in the feeding network 211 may be the same as the number of the feeding patches 212, and each second part 2112 may be connected to a feeding patch 212. The signal on the feeding network 211 may be input from the feeding port and transmitted to the feeding patch 212 through the first part 2111 and the second part 2112, so as to realize the feeding of the feeding patch 212.

[0067] The connection between the feed network 211 and the feed patch 212 may be direct electrical connection. Figure 3 As shown, the feed patch 212 may be a square structure, and the feed patch 212 may include a slot 2123, and the slot 2123 may extend toward the center of the feed patch 212 in a direction perpendicular to the side of the feed patch 212, and the second portion 2112 of the feed network 211 may extend into the first region 214 and into the slot 2123, and contact the feed patch 212 at the end of the slot 2123, so as to realize the electrical connection between the feed network 211 and the feed patch 212. Alternatively, the feed patch 212 may also not include the slot 2123 and present a complete square structure, such as Figure 4As shown, the second portions 2112 may be connected to edge portions of the feeding patches 212 , respectively.

[0068] The feed network 211 may not be in direct contact with the feed patch 212, but may be coupled through a gap, and the feed patch (not shown in the figure) may be excited through the gap. Exemplarily, when the feed patch 212 includes a slot 2123, the second portion 2112 of the feed network 211 may extend into the slot 2123, and may maintain a distance from the feed patch 212, so that a gap is formed between the second portion 2112 and the feed patch 212, and the feed network 211 feeds the feed patch 212 through the gap, and the depth of the second portion 2112 extending into the feed patch 212 may be adjusted according to the impedance matching situation. Alternatively, when the feed patch 212 does not include the groove body 2123, the second part 2112 can be arranged outside the feed patch 212, that is, the projection of the second part 2112 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 does not overlap with the projection of the feed patch 212 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210, and the second part 2112 can maintain a distance from the feed patch 212 to form a gap, and the feed network 211 can couple and feed the feed patch 212 through the gap.

[0069] The feed network 211, the feed patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 can be arranged on the same surface of the substrate 210. When the substrate 210 is arranged on the metal back cavity 220, one side of the substrate 210 including the feed network 211, the feed patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 can face the metal back cavity 220, or in other words, the feed network 211, the feed patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 can be located between the substrate 210 and the metal back cavity. The one side of the substrate 210 including the feed network 211, the feed patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 faces the metal back cavity 220, and can enclose an air cavity together with the metal back cavity 220, which can reduce the overall loss of the antenna unit compared to a cavity filled with a dielectric.

[0070] The feed patch 212 can be the main feed source of the antenna unit, and the feed network 211 can excite the feed patch 212. Further, the feed patch 212 can couple and excite the metasurface radiator 213, so that the feed patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 can be combined with the metal back cavity 220 for resonant radiation.

[0071] It should be noted that one side of the substrate 210 including the feeding network 211, the feeding patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 may also be facing away from the metal back cavity 220. The feeding network 211, the feeding patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 may not be arranged on the same side of the substrate 210. For example, the feeding network 211 may be arranged on the side of the substrate 210 facing the metal back cavity 220, and the feeding patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 may be arranged on the side of the substrate 210 facing away from the metal back cavity 220; when there are multiple metasurface radiators 213, multiple metasurface radiators 213 may also be arranged on different sides of the substrate 210; similarly, when there are multiple feeding patches 212, multiple feeding patches 212 may also be arranged on different sides of the substrate 210, and this application does not limit this.

[0072] In the embodiment provided in the present application, the feeding network 211, the feeding patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 are integrated together on the substrate 210, which can simplify the structure of the antenna unit. When the feeding network 211, the feeding patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 are arranged on the same surface of the substrate 210, the feeding network 211, the feeding patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 can be formed at one time. For example, the feeding network 211, the feeding patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 structure shown in the figure can be directly obtained on the same metal plate through cutting and other processes, thereby reducing the processing complexity and production cost of the antenna unit. The feed network 211, the feed patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 are located on the side of the substrate 210 facing the metal back cavity 220, and can form an air cavity with the metal back cavity 220, thereby reducing the transmission loss of the entire antenna unit, and can provide conditions for the feed network 211 and the metal back cavity 220 to form an air-suspended microstrip line structure, thereby reducing the transmission loss of the feed network 211. In addition, since the metasurface radiator 213 has an electromagnetic bandgap characteristic for surface waves, it can suppress the propagation of surface waves within the antenna working frequency band, thereby suppressing the antenna mutual coupling caused by the propagation of surface waves, realizing the antenna self-decoupling function, and improving the isolation between antenna units.

[0073] Figures 3 to 5 is a schematic diagram of the surface structure of the substrate 210, wherein Figure 3 and Figure 4The feed patch 212 in the figure is a square structure, and the angle between the side of the square feed patch 212 and the side of the substrate 210 can be, for example, 45°, so that the antenna unit can achieve ±45° polarization. The number of the feed patch 212 can be multiple, for example, it can be two feed patches 212A and 212B as shown in the figure. When the number of the feed patch 212 is multiple, the multiple feed patches 212 can be arranged in a vertical direction and can be arranged on the central axis of the substrate 210. The vertical direction is also the direction of the first side of the antenna unit. The first side of the antenna unit can be any side of the antenna unit. When the antenna unit is an asymmetric antenna unit, the first side can be the direction of the longer side of the antenna unit, that is, it can be the direction shown by the y-axis shown in the figure. In addition, there can be a spacing between two adjacent feed patches 212 to set the metasurface radiator 213.

[0074] The metasurface radiator 213 may include a plurality of patch units, and the plurality of patch units may be arranged on both sides of the feeding patch 212 in a vertical direction, for example Figure 3 or Figure 4 As shown, when the number of the feeding patches 212 is 2, the patch units may include patch units 2131 disposed in the two end regions of the substrate 210 and patch units 2132 located in the region between the feeding patches 212A and 212B (or the middle region of the substrate 210), and the number of the patch units 2131 and the patch units 2132 may be multiple, and the patch units 2131 located in the two end regions may also be referred to as the first patch unit 2131, and the patch units 2132 located in the middle region may also be referred to as the second patch unit 2132. Alternatively, the patch units 2131 located in the two end regions may be referred to as the first patch unit, and the patch units 2132 located in the middle region may be referred to as the second patch unit. The present application does not limit the names of the patch units. The present application embodiment takes the patch units 2131 located in the two end regions as the first patch unit 2131, and the patch units 2132 located in the middle region as the second patch unit 2132 as examples to introduce the structure of the metasurface radiator.

[0075] The projection area of ​​each patch unit among the multiple patch units on the substrate 210 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 may be different from the projection area of ​​each feed patch 212 on the substrate 210 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210, or in other words, the size of the patch unit may be different from the size of the feed patch 212.

[0076] Exemplarily, the patch unit may also be a square structure, the side length of the square patch unit may be smaller than the side length of the square feed patch 212, and the side lengths of the patch unit 2131 located at both end regions of the substrate 210 and the patch unit 2132 in the middle region may be smaller than the side length of the feed patch 212A or the side length of the feed patch 212B, so that the projection area of ​​the patch unit in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 is smaller than the projection area of ​​the feed patch 212 in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210. The side length of the patch unit may also be larger than the size of the feed patch 212 (not shown in the figure), so that the projection area of ​​the patch unit in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 is larger than the projection area of ​​the feed patch 212 in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210, and this application does not limit this.

[0077] When the antenna unit is excited, the feed patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 radiate together in combination with the metal back cavity 220. The projection areas of the patch units of the feed patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 are different, which can adjust the radiation field distribution of the antenna unit in the vertical direction, improve the directivity coefficient, and regulate the beam shape of the incident radiation pattern in the vertical direction, such as the beam zero point position and depth.

[0078] Adjacent feeding patches 212 and adjacent edges of the patch units may be parallel to each other, that is, multiple patch units may also form a 45° angle with the edge of the substrate 210. In addition, a first gap may be provided between the feeding patch 212 and the adjacent patch units, and the feeding patch 212 may couple and feed the metasurface radiator 213 through the first gap.

[0079] In some embodiments, the plurality of first patch units 2131 and the plurality of second patch units 2132 are respectively located at the two end regions and the middle region of the substrate 210, that is, the plurality of first patch units 2131 and the plurality of second patch units 2132 can be respectively located at the two side regions of the feeding patch 212A and the feeding patch 212B along the y-axis direction, and the projection area of ​​each first patch unit 2131 in the plurality of first patch units 2131 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 can be different from the projection area of ​​each second patch unit 2132 in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210. Figures 3 to 5As shown, the size of a single first patch unit 2131 may be larger than the size of a single second patch unit 2132. For example, the side length of a single first patch unit 2131 may be larger than the size of a single second patch unit 2131, so that the projection area of ​​a single first patch unit 2131 along a direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 may be larger than the projection area of ​​a single second patch unit 2131 along a direction perpendicular to the substrate 210. Alternatively, the side length of a single first patch unit 2131 may be smaller than the side length of a single second patch unit 2132, so that the projection area of ​​a single first patch unit 2131 along a direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 may be smaller than the projection area of ​​a single second patch unit 2131 along a direction perpendicular to the substrate 210. For another example, the size of the first patch unit located on the left side of the feed patch 212A may be different from the size of the first patch unit 2131 located on the right side of the feed patch 212B.

[0080] Furthermore, the projection areas of multiple patch units in the same region along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 may also be different. For example, in the middle region of the substrate 210, the side lengths of the patch units close to the feeding patch 212A and the patch units close to the feeding patch 212B may also be different. For another example, in order to avoid the feeding network, the patch units in the same region may be cut from a square structure to form a trapezoid or the like, so that the projection areas of the patch units in the same region may also be different.

[0081] Multiple patch units are distributed in different areas on the substrate 210, and the projection areas of single patch units in different areas along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 are different, which can adjust the radiation field distribution of the antenna unit in the vertical direction, improve the directivity coefficient, and control the beam shape of the incident radiation pattern in the vertical direction.

[0082] It should be noted that the multiple patch units of the metasurface radiator 213 shown in the figure are respectively arranged on the two side regions of the feeding patch 212 along the y-axis direction, and the feeding patch 212 may also be provided with patch units on both sides of the x-axis direction shown in the figure. Figures 3 to 5 The patch units are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the first area marked by the dotted line frame. Figures 3 to 5In the antenna unit shown, the patch units located on the left side of the feeding patch 212A can continue to be arranged along the negative x-axis direction and the positive x-axis direction respectively, and the projected areas of the respective patch units located on the left side of the feeding patch 212A along the direction perpendicular to the substrate can be the same. The patch units located on the right side of the feeding patch 212A can also continue to be arranged along the negative x-axis direction and the positive x-axis direction respectively, and the projected areas of the respective patch units located on the right side of the feeding patch 212A along the direction perpendicular to the substrate can be the same. The arrangement of the patch units around the feeding patch 212B can be similar to that of the feeding patch 212A. When patch units are also arranged on both sides of the feeding patch 212 along the x-axis direction, the position of the feeding network 211 can be correspondingly moved along the x-axis direction. The part of the feeding network 211 located above the first region 214 can be moved along the positive x-axis direction, and the part of the feeding network 211 located below the first region 214 can be moved along the negative x-axis direction, so that the projection of the first part 2111 of the feeding network 211 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 does not overlap with the projection of the region surrounded by each patch unit and the feeding patch 212 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210.

[0083] In some embodiments, among the multiple patch units of the metasurface radiator 213, the projected areas of the respective patch units along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 can also be the same.

[0084] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, Figures 3 to 5 the patch units of the metasurface radiator 213 shown can include edge patch units and internal patch units. Any one side of the edge patch units is close to any one side of the rectangular first region 214, and the internal patch units are located in the internal region surrounded by the four sides of the edge patch units. For example, the patch units 2131 located in the two end regions of the substrate 210 include edge patch units 2131A and internal patch units 2131B, and the patch units 2132 located in the middle region of the substrate 210 include edge patch units 2132A and internal patch units 2132B. The internal patch units can be square structures, and the edge patch units can be triangular structures to adapt to the shape of the substrate 210 and make full use of the surface space of the substrate 210. In this example, the projected areas of a single patch unit 2131 and a single patch unit 2132 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 being the same can be that the projected areas of a single internal patch unit 2131B and a single internal patch unit 2132B along the direction perpendicular to the substrate are the same. The metasurface radiator 213 can also only include internal patch units, that is, it can only include Figures 3 to 5 the square-structured patch units therein. In this case, the projected areas of a single patch unit 2131 and a single patch unit 2132 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 being the same can be that the projected areas of any two patch units of the metasurface radiator 213 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 are the same.

[0085] When the patch units of the metasurface radiator 213 are distributed in different areas on the substrate 210, the patch units located on both sides of the feeding patch 212 form a first gap with the feeding patch 212, and the line widths of the first gap formed between the patch units located on both sides of the feeding patch 212 and the feeding patch 212 may be different. For example, the line width of the first gap formed between the patch unit located on the left side of the feeding patch 212A and the feeding patch 212A is l 1 , and the line width l of the first gap formed between the patch unit located on the right side of the feeding patch 212A and the feeding patch 212A 2 The line width l of the first gap formed between the patch unit on the left side of the feed patch 212B and the feed patch 212A 3 , and the line width l of the first gap formed between the patch unit located on the right side of the feeding patch 212B and the feeding patch 212A 4 The line width of the first slot may refer to the distance between two sides of the feed patch 212 and the adjacent patch unit. The line width of the first slot formed between the patch units on both sides of the feed patch 212 and the feed patch 212 is different, and the impedance matching of the antenna unit can be adjusted.

[0086] The line width of the first slot formed by the patch units on both sides of the feeding patch 212 and the feeding patch 212 may also be the same. It is only necessary to ensure that the antenna unit can be coupled and fed through the first slot and radiate electromagnetic waves. This application does not limit this.

[0087] Among the multiple patch units of the metasurface radiator 213, there may be a second gap between any two adjacent patch units, and the metasurface radiator 213 can couple and feed and radiate electromagnetic waves through the second gap.

[0088] When the projection areas of the patch units located at the two end regions and the patch units located in the middle region along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 are the same, the line widths of the second gaps formed between adjacent patch units may also be the same, and the line widths of the second gaps may refer to the spacing between the two sides of two adjacent patch units that are close to each other. When the projection areas of the patch units located at the two end regions and the patch units located in the middle region along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 are the same, the line widths of the second gaps formed between two adjacent patch units may also be different. For example, the first patch units located at the two end regions may be arranged more compactly to have a smaller second gap line width, while the second patch units located in the middle region may be arranged more sparsely to have a larger second gap line width, for example Figure 3 As shown, the second gap l 5 The line width can be smaller than the second gap l 6 Line width, second gap l 7The line width can also be smaller than the second gap l 6 Line width, second gap l 5 Line width and second gap l 7 The line widths may be the same or different. The second gaps between the patch units of the metasurface radiator 213 located in the same area may also be different, for example, different arrangement compactness levels may be set in the same area. By adjusting the line width of the second gap, the beam shape of the incident radiation pattern in the vertical direction of the antenna unit can be adjusted.

[0089] Similarly, when the projection areas of any first patch unit 2131 and any second patch 2132 located on both sides of the feed patch 212A or 212B along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 are different, the line width of the second gap formed between two adjacent first patch units 2131 among the plurality of first patch units 2131 and the line width of the second gap formed between two adjacent second patch units among the plurality of second patch units 2132 may also be different. For example, when the projection area of ​​any first patch unit 2131 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210 is greater than the projection area of ​​any second patch unit 2132 along the direction perpendicular to the substrate 210, the line width of the second gap formed between two adjacent first patch units 2131 among the plurality of first patch units 2131 may be less than the line width of the second gap formed between two adjacent second patch units 2132 among the plurality of second patch units 2132.

[0090] The second slot line widths between the patch units located in different areas are different, which can further adjust the beam shape of the incident radiation pattern in the vertical direction of the antenna unit.

[0091] Furthermore, the line width of the first slot and the line width of the second slot may be different to further adjust the shape of the vertical incident pattern of the antenna unit. The line width of the first slot and the line width of the second slot may also be the same, as long as the antenna unit can radiate electromagnetic waves through the first slot and the second slot.

[0092] Continue to see Figure 5 The structure shown is similar to the edge patch unit of the metasurface radiator 213. To adapt to the shape and structure of the substrate 210, when the size of the feeding patch 212 is large, that is, when the side length of the feeding patch 212 is large, the feeding patch 212 can be a cut-angle structure, for example, Figure 3 or Figure 4 The square feed patch 212 shown is cut at a position close to the edge of the substrate 210 to obtain Figure 5The feed patch 212 of the cut-angle structure shown. The two corners of the feed patch 212 close to the upper and lower edges of the substrate 210 can be cut off, that is, the two corners of the feed patch 212 located in the x-axis direction can be cut off. The sizes of the two corners cut off of the feed patch 212 can be the same or different. The feed patch 212 has a cut-angle structure, which can adjust the current path of the feed patch 212 and further optimize the polarization isolation and polarization purity in the antenna unit.

[0093] The feed patch 212 may include not only two cut corners in the x-axis direction, but also two cut corners in the y-axis direction, such as Figure 6 As shown, that is, it can be Figure 3 or Figure 4 Based on the square feed patch 212 shown in FIG. 1 , the four corners of the square feed patch 212 are cut off to form the Figure 6 The cut-off structure shown can further adjust the symmetry of the feed patch. For example, the size and shape of the four corners cut off from the feed patch 212 can be the same, so that the feed patch 212 can have not only horizontal symmetry and vertical symmetry, but also rotational symmetry, so as to further optimize the polarization isolation and polarization purity within the antenna unit.

[0094] It should be noted that the size, shape and size of the four corners cut off from the feed patch 212 may also be different, and the size of the cut corners may be adjusted according to the port isolation requirements and polarization purity in the antenna unit.

[0095] Continue to see Figure 6 In the structure shown in FIG. 1 , the edge of the feed patch 212 may also include an opening portion 2121, for example, Figure 3 or Figure 4 A rectangle is cut off from the edge of the square feed patch 212 to form the opening portion 2121, and the length of the opening portion 2121 may be the long side size of the rectangle, and the length of the opening portion 2121 may be less than the side length of the feed patch 212. When the feed network 211 is electrically connected to the feed patch 212, the opening portion 2121 may be disposed on the side of the feed patch 212 away from the feed network 211. The opening portion 2121 may be disposed on the edges of the two sides of the feed patch 212 away from the feed network 211, or may be disposed only on any one of the two sides of the feed patch 212 away from the feed network 211 (not shown in the figure). The feed patch 212 includes the opening portion 2121, which can further optimize the port isolation and polarization purity in the dual-polarization antenna unit.

[0096] In the embodiments provided in the present application, the feed patch 212 may include only the cut corners but not the opening portion 2121, or only the opening portion 2121 but not the cut corners, or both the cut corners and the opening portion 2121, which is not limited in the present application.

[0097] Figure 7 2 is a top view of the antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application. When the long side of the substrate 210 is small, that is, when the size of the substrate 210 along the y-axis direction shown in the figure is small, the number of the feed patch 212 can be one, such as Figure 7 As shown in (a) in FIG. 2 . Accordingly, the number of the second part 2112 of the feeding network 211 may also be one. The feeding patch 212 may be arranged at the middle position in the long side direction of the substrate 210, so that the metasurface radiator 213 may be arranged on both sides of the feeding patch 212 in the vertical direction, and the sizes of the patch units on both sides of the feeding patch 212 may be different. When the number of the feeding patch 212 is one, the antenna unit may be equivalent to two traditional antenna units in the vertical direction. For example, as described above, the size and area of ​​the metasurface radiator in the area on both sides of the feeding patch 212 may be adjusted so that the radiation pattern of the antenna unit is equivalent to the radiation pattern of two traditional antenna units.

[0098] When the long side of the substrate 210 is larger, the number of the feeding patches 212 may be increased accordingly, for example, the feeding patches 212 may include: Figure 7 The two feeding patches 212 shown in (b) of FIG. Figure 7 The structure of the substrate 210 shown in (b) can be referred to Figure 2 or Figure 5 The structure of the substrate 210 is not described here any more. When the number of the feed patches 212 is two and the two feed patches 212 are arranged on the substrate 210 in a vertical direction, the antenna unit in the vertical direction can be equivalent to a traditional antenna with three feed units.

[0099] Figure 7The substrate 210 shown in (c) includes three feeding patches 212. Accordingly, the feeding network 211 is located in two parts of the first region 214 along the x-axis direction, and the number of second parts 2112 included in each part may also be 3, and the three second parts 2112 are electrically connected to the three feeding patches 212 respectively. When the number of feeding patches 212 is 3, there may be a spacing between two adjacent feeding patches 212 to set the metasurface radiator 213. Exemplarily, the feeding patches 212 from above the y-axis to below the y-axis may be feeding patches 212A, feeding patches 212B and feeding patches 212C in sequence, and the feeding patch 212B may be arranged on the symmetry axis of the substrate 210 parallel to the x-axis direction, and the distances from the feeding patch 212A and the feeding patch 212C to the feeding patch 212B may be the same or different. The sizes of the metasurface radiators 213 located on both sides of the feeding patch 212A and the feeding patch 212C along the y-axis direction may be different, while the sizes of the metasurface radiators 213 located on both sides of the feeding patch 212B along the y-axis direction may be the same, and the sizes of the metasurface radiators 213 arranged at both ends of the substrate 210 along the y-axis direction may be the same; or, Figure 7 The sizes of the metasurface radiation 213 in different areas shown in (c) can be the same or different. When the antenna unit includes three feeding patches 212, the antenna unit can be equivalent to a traditional antenna with four or even five feeding units in the vertical direction.

[0100] In the actual application scenario of the antenna unit, the size of the antenna unit in the vertical direction and the number of the feed patches 212 can be designed and adjusted according to the array form or the required radiation effect. When the antenna unit includes multiple feed patches 212, the number of the feed network 211 can still be one or two, so that the structure of the feed network can be greatly simplified while achieving the same or similar radiation effect as the traditional antenna unit with more feed points, and thus simplifying the overall structure of the antenna unit.

[0101] Figure 8 is a top view of another substrate 210 provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the overall structure of the feeding patch 212, the metasurface radiator 213 and the feeding network 211 can be offset, wherein: Figure 8 (a) can be Figure 6 The substrate structure shown, Figure 8 (b) in the above formula can be obtained by Figure 8 The feeding patch 212, the metasurface radiator 213 and the feeding network 211 shown in (a) are offset as a whole. The feeding network 211 can be composed of Figure 8 The position shown in (a) in FIG. 1 is offset by a distance L in the negative direction of the y-axis. Accordingly, each feeding patch 212 can also be Figure 8 The position shown in (a) in FIG. 1 is offset by a distance L in the negative direction of the y-axis, and each patch unit of the metasurface radiator 213 can also be composed of Figure 8 As shown in (a), the displacement is L in the negative direction of the y-axis. Figure 8 The overall structure of the feed patch 212, the metasurface radiator 213 and the feed network 211 shown is offset in the negative direction of the y-axis. The overall structure of the feed patch 212, the metasurface radiator 213 and the feed network 211 can also be offset in the positive direction of the y-axis. The present application does not limit the direction and distance of the offset. The overall structure of the feed patch 212, the metasurface radiator 213 and the feed network 211 is offset to assist in beam deflection.

[0102] Figures 2 to 8 In the antenna unit described, the first region 214 where the feed patch 212 and the metasurface radiator 213 are located may have symmetry, or in other words, the symmetry axis of the first region 214 may be parallel to the y-axis direction shown in the figure, and the symmetry axis of the first region 214 parallel to the y-axis direction may also be the symmetry axis of the substrate 210 parallel to the y-axis direction. The first region 214 may not have vertical symmetry, for example, Figures 2 to 7 The metasurface radiator and the feed patch shown in the figure are obtained by shifting the entirety along the x-axis direction shown in the figure. The present application does not limit the symmetry of the first region 214 or the entirety of the antenna unit.

[0103] Combination of the above Figures 2 to 8 The structures of the feed patch 212, the metasurface radiator 213 and the feed network 211 on the substrate 210 are introduced, and the metal back cavity 220 structure of the antenna unit is introduced below. The structure of the metal back cavity 220 can be Figure 2 In the structure shown, the metal back cavity 220 can be a semi-open frame structure. For example, the metal back cavity 220 can include a bottom plate 221 and a side wall 222, the bottom plate 221 can also be called a first metal plate, the side wall 222 can be arranged around the periphery of the bottom plate 221, and the side wall 222 can include a first side wall 222A and a second side wall 222B, the first side wall 222A can be a side wall corresponding to the long side of the metal back cavity 220, that is, a side wall arranged along the y-axis direction shown in the figure, and the second side wall 222B can be a side wall corresponding to the short side of the metal back cavity 220, that is, a side wall arranged along the x-axis direction shown in the figure.

[0104] The metal back cavity 220 may further include a second metal plate 223, which may be arranged at the inner edge of the metal back cavity 220 in a vertical direction, that is, one side of the second metal plate 223 may be fixedly connected to the first side wall 222A. The second metal plate 223 may be suspended at the inner edge of the first side wall 222A, or in other words, there may be a gap between the second metal plate 223 and the bottom plate 221 in the z-axis direction. When the substrate 210 is arranged on the metal back cavity 220, the second metal plate 223 may constitute a grounding structure of the feed network 211. When the feed network 211 is arranged on a side of the substrate 210 facing the metal back cavity 220, the second metal plate 223 may constitute an air-suspended microstrip line structure together with the feed network 211. The second metal plate 223 and the feed network 211 may constitute an air-suspended microstrip line together, which may reduce the transmission loss of the feed network 211.

[0105] Fig. 9 is a side view of the antenna unit, such as Fig. 9 As shown, the first region 214 and the metal back cavity 220 have a third gap in the horizontal direction. When the metal back cavity 220 includes a second metal plate 223, the third gap may be a gap between the first region 214 and the second metal plate 223 in the x-axis direction, that is, a gap d shown in the figure. 1 A third gap is provided between the first region 214 and the metal back cavity 220 in the horizontal direction, which can adjust the cross polarization discrimination (XPD) of the antenna unit.

[0106] The first region 214 and the metal back cavity 220 may also have a gap in the vertical direction, for example, which may be called a fourth gap. In other words, the fourth gap may be a gap between the first region 214 and the second side wall 222B in the y-axis direction. Figure 6 The indicated gap d 2 A fourth gap is provided between the first region 214 and the metal back cavity 220 in the vertical direction, which can adjust the cross-polarization discrimination of the antenna unit.

[0107] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the metal back cavity 220, such as Fig.10As shown in (a) therein, the second metal plate 223 may include a main body portion 2231 and an extension portion 2232. The main body portion 2231 is the portion disposed at the inner edge of the first sidewall 222A. The extension portion 2232 may extend from the connection position with the main body portion 2231 towards the center of the metal back cavity 220, and the extension portion 2232 may be disposed at an angle with the main body portion 2231, for example, at an angle of 45°. The main body portion 2231 and the extension portion 2232 may be located in the same plane. For example, the plane where the main body portion 2231 and the extension portion 2232 are located may be parallel to the xy plane shown in the figure. When the substrate 210 is disposed on the metal back cavity 220, the second portion 2112 of the feeding network 211 may be disposed above the extension portion 2232. That is to say, the main body portion 2231 may form the grounding structure of the first portion 2111 of the feeding network 211, and the extension portion 2232 may form the grounding structure of the second portion 2112 of the feeding network 211. When the second metal plate 223 is suspended, that is, when the main body portion 2231 of the second metal plate 223 is suspended, the extension portion 2232 may also be suspended, or there may be a certain gap in the z-axis direction between the extension portion 2232 and the bottom plate 221 of the metal back cavity 220. The second metal plate 223 includes the main body portion 2231 and the extension portion 2232, which can make the shape of the second metal plate 223 adapt to the shape of the feeding network 211, and it is easy to achieve impedance matching.

[0108] It should be noted that the main portion 2231 and the extended portion 2232 of the second metal plate 223 shown in the figure are located on the same plane, forming a planar structure, and are parallel to the xy plane shown in the figure. The second metal plate 223 can also be set at an angle to the xy plane shown in the figure, or can also be in other structural shapes such as an arc surface. It is only necessary to ensure that the second metal plate 223 is not directly electrically connected to the feeding network 211 and can constitute the grounding structure of the feeding network 211. The width of the main part 2231 of the second metal plate 223 may be greater than the width of the first part 2111 of the feed network 211, the width of the extension part 2232 of the second metal plate 223 may be greater than the width of the second part 2112 of the feed network 211, the width of the main part 2231 may be the size of the main part 2231 along the x-axis direction, the width of the first part 2111 may be the size of the first part 2111 along the x-axis direction, the width of the extension part 2232 may be the size of the extension part 2232 along the direction perpendicular to the extension, and the width of the second part 2112 may be the size of the second part 2112 along the direction perpendicular to the extension. The width of the main part 2231 may also be less than the width of the first part 2111, the width of the extension part 2232 may also be less than the width of the second part 2112, the length of the extension part 2232 may be the same as the length of the second part 2112, or may be greater than or less than the length of the second part 2112. The present application does not limit the size of the second metal plate 223. When the feeding network 211 includes two parts located on the upper and lower sides of the first area 214, the number of the second metal plates 223 can be two, which respectively constitute the grounding structure of the two parts of the feeding network 211; when the feeding network 211 only includes the part located on the upper side of the first area 214 or only includes the part located on the lower side of the first area 214, the number of the second metal plates 223 can be two or one, and one second metal plate 223 can be arranged on the corresponding side of the feeding network 211.

[0109] The metal back cavity 220 may also include only the first side wall 222A but not the second side wall 222B. Fig.10 As shown in (b) in the figure. The second metal plate 223 can be fixedly connected to the first side wall 222A only, without being fixedly connected to the second side wall 222B. When the metal back cavity 220 does not include the second side wall 222B, the fourth gap can refer to the gap between the first area 214 and the bottom plate 221 in the y-axis direction, or in other words, the projection of the first area 214 on the bottom plate 221 along the direction perpendicular to the bottom plate 221 can be located inside the area where the bottom plate 221 is located.

[0110] The second metal plate 223 may also be a solid layer, such as Fig.10As shown in (c) in the figure. That is to say, the main part 2231 of the second metal plate 223 can be a solid layer, and there may be no gap between the main part 2231 of the second metal plate 223 and the bottom plate 221 of the metal back cavity 220, and it is directly connected to the bottom plate 221. In this example, when the second metal plate 223 includes the above-mentioned extension part 2232, the extension part 2232 can also be a solid layer, that is, there may be no gap between the extension part 2232 and the bottom plate 221 in the z-axis direction. When the main part 2231 of the second metal plate 223 is a solid layer, a groove can also be made on the side of the metal back cavity 220 away from the substrate 210 at a position corresponding to the second metal plate 223 (not shown in the figure) to reduce the overall weight of the antenna unit.

[0111] The metal back cavity 220 may also not be provided with the second metal plate 223. Fig.10 As shown in (d) in the figure. When the height of the metal back cavity 220 is relatively small, for example, when the height of the metal back cavity 220 is less than or equal to 1 mm, the metal back cavity 220 may not include the second metal plate 223. The height of the metal back cavity 220 is also the size of the metal back cavity 220 in the z-axis direction. In the example, when the substrate 210 is disposed on the metal back cavity 220, the bottom plate 221 of the metal back cavity 220 can serve as a grounding structure of the feeding network 211, and the feeding network 211 can form an air-suspended microstrip line with the bottom plate 221 to further simplify the structure of the antenna unit. When the metal back cavity 220 is not additionally provided with a second metal plate 223, the fourth gap may be a gap between the first region 214 and the first side wall 222A.

[0112] The antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present application may be an asymmetric antenna, that is, the cross-sectional shape of the antenna unit along the xy plane may be a rectangle. The first side length of the antenna unit may be greater than or equal to the operating wavelength of the antenna unit. When the antenna unit is an asymmetric antenna unit, the first side length may be the side length of the larger side of the antenna unit, that is, the side length of the first side. The first side length of the antenna unit is greater than or equal to the operating wavelength of the antenna unit, which can adjust the beam width of the antenna unit in the vertical direction and maintain good cross-polarization discrimination of the antenna unit.

[0113] The second side length of the antenna unit may be less than or equal to half of the working wavelength of the antenna unit. When the antenna unit is an asymmetric antenna unit, the second side length may be the side length of the smaller side of the antenna unit. The second side length is less than or equal to half of the working wavelength of the antenna unit, which can adjust the beam width of the antenna unit in the horizontal direction and maintain good cross-polarization discrimination of the antenna unit, and can also facilitate the antenna unit to form an array along the horizontal direction.

[0114] An embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device, which may include one or more antenna units as described in the above embodiments. When the number of antenna units is multiple, the multiple antenna units can form an antenna array. For example, the multiple antenna units can be arranged in an array along the x-direction.

[0115] An embodiment of the present application further provides an antenna system, which may include one or more antenna units of any type described in the above embodiments.

[0116] An embodiment of the present application also provides a base station, which may include the above-mentioned antenna system.

[0117] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna unit, It is characterized in that include: A substrate, on which a feeding network, a feeding patch and a metasurface radiator are arranged, the feeding patch and the metasurface radiator are located in a first area, and the feeding network is connected to the feeding patch; A metal back cavity, wherein the substrate is arranged on the metal back cavity.

2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The feeding network is connected to the feeding patch and includes: At least a portion of the feed network is located within the first area, and the portion of the feed network located within the first area is connected to the feed patch.

3. The antenna unit according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that The feeding network, the feeding patch and the metasurface radiator are arranged on the same surface of the substrate.

4. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The feeding network, the feeding patch and the metasurface radiator are arranged on a side of the substrate facing the metal back cavity.

5. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, It is characterized in that The metasurface radiator comprises a plurality of patch units, and a projection area of ​​the feeding patch along a direction perpendicular to the substrate is different from a projection area of ​​each of the plurality of patch units along a direction perpendicular to the substrate.

6. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that The metasurface radiator includes a plurality of first patch units and a plurality of second patch units, wherein the plurality of first patch units and the plurality of second patch units are respectively arranged in two side areas of the feeding patch in the first area, and a projection area of ​​any one of the plurality of first patch units along a direction perpendicular to the substrate is different from a projection area of ​​any one of the plurality of second patch units along a direction perpendicular to the substrate.

7. The antenna unit according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The plurality of first patch units and the plurality of second patch units are respectively arranged at two side regions of the feeding patch along the direction where the first side of the antenna unit is located.

8. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, It is characterized in that The metasurface radiator includes a plurality of patch units, and the plurality of patch units are distributed in different areas on the substrate. A first gap is provided between the feeding patch and adjacent patch units.

9. The antenna unit according to claim 8, It is characterized in that The patch units located at the two side regions of the feeding patch have different line widths from the first gap between the feeding patch.

10. The antenna unit according to claim 8 or 9, It is characterized in that The metasurface radiator includes a plurality of patch units, and a second gap is provided between two adjacent patch units among the plurality of patch units.

11. The antenna unit according to claim 10, It is characterized in that The second slot line widths of the patch units located at two side regions of the feeding patch are different.

12. The antenna unit according to claim 10 or 11, It is characterized in that The line width of the first slit is different from the line width of the second slit.

13. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 12, It is characterized in that The metal back cavity includes a first metal plate, which is the bottom plate of the metal back cavity and is the grounding structure of the feeding network.

14. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 13, It is characterized in that The metal back cavity comprises a first metal plate and a second metal plate, wherein the first metal plate is the bottom plate of the metal back cavity, the second metal plate is fixedly connected to the first metal plate, and the second metal plate is the grounding structure of the feeding network.

15. The antenna unit according to claim 14, It is characterized in that The second metal plate includes a main part and an extension part, the main part is fixedly connected to the metal back cavity, and the extension part is arranged at an angle with the main part.

16. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 15, It is characterized in that A gap is formed between the first area and the metal back cavity.

17. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 16, It is characterized in that The number of the feed patch is one or more, and the one or more feed patches are arranged on the same surface of the substrate along the direction where the first side of the antenna unit is located.

18. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 17, It is characterized in that The edge of the feed patch includes an opening portion, and / or the feed patch is a cut-corner structure.

19. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 18, It is characterized in that The first side length of the antenna unit is greater than or equal to the working wavelength of the antenna unit.

20. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 19, It is characterized in that The second side length of the antenna unit is less than or equal to 0.5 times the working wavelength of the antenna unit.

21. A communication device, It is characterized in that Comprising one or more antenna units according to any one of claims 1 to 20.

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