A circuit breaker phase selection opening and closing system

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of power control systems, and particularly relates to a circuit breaker phase selection opening and closing system, which comprises a main controller, wherein an integrated FPGA+ARM dual-core processor is arranged in the main controller, a voltage transformer for collecting three-phase voltage phase signals of a power grid is connected to the main controller, a current transformer is also connected to the main controller, a high-frequency signal injection module and a mechanical parameter monitoring bus are simultaneously connected to the main controller, and a dynamic compensation database is arranged in the main controller; a dynamic calibration subsystem is composed of a mechanical calibration module and an electrical calibration module; a dual-mode switcher has a main control mode channel and an emergency mode channel; and an actuator layer is composed of three-phase independent operating mechanisms and pressure monitoring nodes. The application realizes precise opening and closing through multi-dimensional coupling control of mechanical displacement calibration, electrical parameter calibration and timing calibration, and also provides a dual-channel design which can ensure basic opening and closing operations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power control system technology, and specifically relates to a circuit breaker phase selection and opening / closing system. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional circuit breaker opening and closing operations face two major technical bottlenecks:

[0003] I. The phase control accuracy is significantly affected by the time delay fluctuation of mechanical action. For example, according to the patent document "A fast circuit breaker switch structure" published by CN119275040A, the main pull rod 2, linkage sleeve 3 and crank linkage rod 4 are mentioned. There are inertial differences among the above linkage components, which leads to time deviation of mechanical action. The deviation of the movement trajectory of the main pull rod 2 and crank linkage rod 4 cannot be detected in time, so the opening and closing mechanical action cannot be calibrated in time.

[0004] According to the patent document "A circuit breaker and its opening and closing operation power adjustment method" published in CN119275065A, the document proposes an energy storage spring 410, an operation power adjustment mechanism 420, a pressure sensor 430, and a opening buffer 500. This document can detect the elastic force of the energy storage spring 410 in real time through the pressure sensor 430 and adjust the pressure value of the energy storage spring 410 in a timely manner through the operation power adjustment mechanism 420, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the opening and closing mechanical action. However, the calibration method of this document is singular and cannot be widely applied to the opening and closing system containing different types of circuit breakers.

[0005] In the journal *High Voltage Apparatus*, in the article "Optimization Design of Cam Mechanism in Spring Operating Mechanism of Vacuum Circuit Breaker," it is proposed that "for the spring operating mechanism matched with the vacuum circuit breaker, the reasonable matching of its output force characteristics and switching load characteristics depends on the reasonable design of the cam mechanism." Therefore, this paper suggests that a servo motor can be used to drive the cam mechanism to adjust the pressure of the aforementioned energy storage spring 410.

[0006] Second, the existing phase selection system is not reliable enough under abnormal operating conditions such as power grid frequency fluctuations and equipment failures. According to the patent document "A circuit breaker phase selection opening and closing device and method" published in CN119297027A, the paper proposes a tripping device 2. When the tripping device 2 in the paper fails, it can only switch to the conventional opening and closing mode, but it does not solve the problem of transient impact suppression and cannot complete the basic opening and closing operation when the system fails. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a circuit breaker phase selection opening and closing system that can achieve precise opening and closing through multi-dimensional coupling control via mechanical displacement calibration, electrical parameter calibration, and timing calibration. It also provides a dual-channel design that ensures basic opening and closing operations.

[0008] The specific technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0009] A circuit breaker phase selection opening and closing system, comprising:

[0010] Main controller:

[0011] The main controller is equipped with an integrated FPGA+ARM dual-core processor. It is connected to voltage transformers and current transformers for acquiring three-phase voltage phase signals of the power grid. It is also connected to a high-frequency signal injection module and a mechanical parameter monitoring bus. The main controller also has a dynamic compensation database.

[0012] Dynamic calibration subsystem:

[0013] The dynamic calibration subsystem consists of a mechanical calibration module and an electrical calibration module. The mechanical calibration module includes a laser displacement sensor and a servo motor. The electrical calibration module includes a Hall sensor array and a gate opening and closing speed curve generator.

[0014] Dual-mode switcher:

[0015] The dual-mode switch has a main control mode channel and an emergency mode channel. The main control mode channel includes an IGCT converter valve group and a high-speed electronic switch array. The emergency mode channel includes a magnetic latching relay and a tripping buffer device.

[0016] Executive level:

[0017] The actuator layer consists of a three-phase independent operating mechanism and a pressure monitoring node. The three-phase independent operating mechanism includes a permanent magnet motor drive unit and a circuit breaker linkage mechanism. The pressure monitoring node includes a gas pressure sensor inside the pole for detecting SF6 gas pressure and an energy storage spring pressure sensor.

[0018] It includes three core modules:

[0019] 1) Dynamic Time Compensation Module:

[0020] A mechanical delay prediction model is established using a historical database of command time differences, and the action time corresponding to the target phase is corrected in real time.

[0021] Introducing an "adaptive frequency delay algorithm": When a grid frequency deviation > 1Hz is detected, the frequency compensation amount is automatically expanded. The calculation formula is: T_comp = (N × T0) + (T_target - ΔT_hist).

[0022] Where N is the number of cycles dynamically calculated based on the frequency fluctuation amplitude, and ΔT_hist is the average time difference of historical commands;

[0023] 2) Dual-mode seamless switching module:

[0024] Main control mode: Based on the AC signal injection detection of the IGCT converter valve, the impedance characteristics of the fault point are analyzed;

[0025] Emergency mode: When a phase selection controller fault is detected, the magnetic latching relay is automatically activated to establish a direct connection, and the tripping buffer device is activated to suppress operational overvoltage.

[0026] 3) Multi-dimensional calibration device:

[0027] Mechanical calibration unit: A laser displacement sensor is installed inside the I-shaped structure of the linkage sleeve to monitor the deviation of the main tie rod's motion trajectory in real time;

[0028] Electrical calibration unit: Uses a Hall sensor array to detect the plasma distribution in the arc-extinguishing chamber and dynamically adjust the opening and closing speed curves.

[0029] Within the mechanical calibration unit, in the servo motor adjustment logic, when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure attenuation of the energy storage spring exceeds 5%, the output characteristics of the energy storage mechanism are corrected using the cam angle adjustment formula: θ=arcsin(P_current / P_initial)×180 / π.

[0030] Based on function, it is divided into the perception layer, control layer, execution layer, dual-mode switcher, physical actuator and auxiliary system;

[0031] The sensing layer consists of voltage transformers, current transformers, laser displacement sensors, pressure sensor groups, and Hall sensor arrays; the control layer consists of an FPGA signal processing module and its internal ARM dynamic compensation algorithm; the execution layer consists of a permanent magnet motor drive unit and its included servo motor group; the physical execution mechanism consists of a crank linkage rod and a regulating valve assembled in the arc-extinguishing chamber; the auxiliary system includes a ZnO surge arrester, a tripping buffer device, and a magnetic latching relay.

[0032] The following are arranged between the perception layer, control layer, execution layer, dual-mode switch, physical actuator, and auxiliary systems:

[0033] Signal acquisition channels (A / B):

[0034] The voltage / current transformer is connected to the FPGA module via an optical fiber interface (A) to transmit the grid phase signal;

[0035] The laser sensor and pressure sensor send mechanical status data to the ARM controller via the CAN bus (B);

[0036] Control logic channel (D / E):

[0037] The FPGA transmits the parsed high-frequency signal (D) to the permanent magnet motor drive unit to realize the opening and closing phase control;

[0038] The compensation parameter (E) output by the ARM controls the servo motor to adjust the cam mechanism via the PWM signal;

[0039] Redundant switching channels (F / H / I / J):

[0040] Main control mode channel (H): IGCT converter valve group → high-speed electronic switch → permanent magnet motor;

[0041] Emergency mode channel (J): Magnetic latching relay direct connection → tripping buffer device;

[0042] Overvoltage protection (I): The tripping buffer device and the ZnO surge arrester form a parallel protection circuit;

[0043] Closed-loop feedback path (C / G):

[0044] The displacement data (G) of the crank linkage is fed back to the sensing layer via an RS485 interface;

[0045] The plasma distribution data (C) in the arc extinguishing chamber is updated in real time to update the electrical calibration parameters.

[0046] The operation process of the dynamic time compensation module is as follows:

[0047] Step 1, Real-time monitoring layer: Collect the power grid frequency, i.e., the voltage transformer signal, and simultaneously acquire the mechanical parameters, i.e., the spring pressure / displacement sensor data, and read the historical command time difference database.

[0048] Step 2, Deviation Judgment Module: Determine if condition 1 is met: Grid frequency deviation Δf > 1Hz? If "yes", trigger cycle number compensation calculation; if "no", use standard cycle number N=1.

[0049] Determine if condition 2 is met: Mechanical time delay deviation ΔT_hist > 0.5ms? If "yes", start the servo motor to adjust the cam angle; if "no", maintain the current mechanical parameters.

[0050] Step 3, Core Computing Module:

[0051] 3.1 Calculate the dynamic frequency N: N = ceil(Δf × k), where k is the equipment aging factor;

[0052] 3.2 Predicting the mechanical time delay compensation amount ΔT_comp: ΔT_comp = α × ΔT_hist + β × spring pressure decay rate;

[0053] 3.3 Generate target time T_target: T_target = (N × T0) + (preset phase corresponding time - ΔT_comp);

[0054] Step 4, Execution and Feedback: Output PWM pulses to the permanent magnet motor to realize the phase control of opening and closing. At the same time, verify the contact movement trajectory through the laser displacement sensor, update the historical database and record the actual action time difference.

[0055] Step 5, Abnormal Handling Branch: Case 1, when the frequency change is >5Hz, switch to emergency mode; Case 2, when the compensation exceeds the tolerance 3 times in a row, trigger the mechanical fault alarm.

[0056] In step 1, a sliding window algorithm is used to retain the data from the most recent 30 operations and automatically discard earlier data.

[0057] In the dynamic calculation of the number of cycles in step 3.1, the ceil(Δf×k) function is used to ensure that the number of compensated cycles is an integer. The value of k is dynamically adjusted according to the cumulative number of operations of the equipment. For new equipment, k=1.2, and after 100,000 operations, k=1.5.

[0058] In the mechanical delay prediction model in step 3.2, dual weighting factors α and β are introduced, with α=0.7 used for historical data weighting and β=0.3 used for real-time pressure attenuation compensation.

[0059] In step 5, the abnormal switching threshold is set to 5Hz, which is used based on the frequency transient stability limit of the UHV converter station.

[0060] The technical effects achieved by this invention are as follows:

[0061] This invention is the first to perform multi-dimensional coupled control of mechanical displacement calibration, electrical parameter calibration and timing calibration, so as to achieve precise opening and closing of the circuit and precise correction of control parameters.

[0062] This invention proposes an impedance phase detection method based on IGCT converter valves, which improves the accuracy by more than 40% compared with traditional voltage zero-crossing detection.

[0063] In the fault switching mode, the present invention reduces transient overvoltage to 18%-22% of the conventional mode by working in conjunction with the tripping buffer and the magnetic latching relay. Furthermore, the main control mode and the emergency mode adopt a physically isolated dual-channel design to ensure that basic tripping and closing operations can still be completed when the system fails.

[0064] This invention also features intelligent switching functionality, automatically triggering a compensation algorithm when spring pressure attenuation >5% or grid frequency deviation >1Hz is detected.

[0065] In the dynamic time compensation operation process, dual closed-loop control is provided: the outer loop is for grid frequency tracking and the inner loop is for mechanical time delay compensation, forming a nested control structure.

[0066] In the dynamic time compensation operation process, a learning database is provided: a sliding window algorithm is used to retain the data of the most recent 30 operations and automatically discard the earlier data; it also has an anti-saturation design: when the calculated T_target exceeds the mechanical limit of the circuit breaker, it is automatically locked at the maximum allowable value. Attached Figure Description

[0067] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the core components of the system provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 2 This is a connection system diagram of the layered design of the core components of the system provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 3 This is a system topology connection diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the dynamic time compensation algorithm provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0071] To make the objectives and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be specifically described below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the following text is merely used to describe one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of protection specifically claimed by the invention.

[0072] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1 A circuit breaker phase selection opening and closing system, comprising:

[0073] Main controller:

[0074] The main controller is equipped with an integrated FPGA+ARM dual-core processor. It is connected to voltage transformers and current transformers for acquiring three-phase voltage phase signals of the power grid. It is also connected to a high-frequency signal injection module and a mechanical parameter monitoring bus. The main controller also has a dynamic compensation database.

[0075] According to the above structure, the FPGA module is responsible for high-frequency signal processing and is used to analyze the IGCT converter valve signal; the ARM module is used to execute the dynamic time compensation algorithm and mode switching logic; the voltage transformer and current transformer are used to collect the three-phase voltage phase signal of the power grid; the high-frequency signal injection module is used to control the IGCT converter valve to achieve 10kHz impedance detection; the mechanical parameter monitoring bus is used to receive the measured data from the gas pressure sensor, the energy storage spring pressure sensor, and the laser displacement sensor; the dynamic compensation database is used to store the delay data of nearly 30 operations, and also has a built-in mechanical aging curve and pressure-delay compensation comparison table.

[0076] Dynamic calibration subsystem:

[0077] The dynamic calibration subsystem consists of a mechanical calibration module and an electrical calibration module. The mechanical calibration module includes a laser displacement sensor and a servo motor. The electrical calibration module includes a Hall sensor array and a gate opening and closing speed curve generator.

[0078] According to the above structure, the laser displacement sensor is installed on the inner wall of the I-shaped structure of the linkage sleeve. The linkage sleeve is equipped with a main pull rod for opening and closing the brake, and the laser displacement sensor is used to monitor the deviation of the main pull rod's movement trajectory. The servo motor is used to drive the cam mechanism to compensate for the pressure attenuation of the energy storage spring, and a pressure sensor for detecting the spring pressure is installed at the bottom of the energy storage spring.

[0079] The Hall sensor array is used to detect the plasma distribution in the arc-extinguishing chamber, and in conjunction with the dynamic adjustment of the opening and closing speed curves, the arc-extinguishing chamber provides the circuit breaker with an isolated installation space.

[0080] Dual-mode switcher:

[0081] The dual-mode switch has a main control mode channel and an emergency mode channel. The main control mode channel includes an IGCT converter valve group and a high-speed electronic switch array. The emergency mode channel includes a magnetic latching relay and a tripping buffer device.

[0082] According to the above structure, the IGCT converter valve group is used to realize AC impedance phase detection; the magnetic latching relay is used to construct the direct connection opening and closing circuit; and the opening buffer device uses a hydraulic buffer and a crank linkage structure to cooperate.

[0083] Executive level:

[0084] The actuator layer consists of a three-phase independent operating mechanism and a pressure monitoring node. The three-phase independent operating mechanism includes a permanent magnet motor drive unit and a switching linkage mechanism. The pressure monitoring node includes a gas pressure sensor inside the pole for detecting SF6 gas pressure and an energy storage spring pressure sensor.

[0085] According to the above structure, the permanent magnet motor drive unit includes a servo motor for each phase, and the opening and closing linkage mechanism is a main pull rod, linkage sleeve and crank linkage structure that uses a laser displacement sensor for displacement feedback; the pole is set in the arc extinguishing chamber, and a regulating valve that optimizes airflow according to plasma distribution is also installed in the arc extinguishing chamber.

[0086] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 3 This system mainly consists of three core modules:

[0087] 1) Dynamic Time Compensation Module:

[0088] A mechanical delay prediction model is established using a historical database of command time differences, and the action time corresponding to the target phase is corrected in real time.

[0089] Introducing an "adaptive frequency delay algorithm": When a grid frequency deviation > 1Hz is detected, the frequency compensation amount is automatically expanded. The calculation formula is: T_comp = (N × T0) + (T_target - ΔT_hist).

[0090] Where N is the number of cycles dynamically calculated based on the frequency fluctuation amplitude, and ΔT_hist is the average time difference of historical commands;

[0091] 2) Dual-mode seamless switching module:

[0092] Main control mode: Based on the AC signal injection detection of the IGCT converter valve, the impedance characteristics of the fault point are analyzed;

[0093] Emergency mode: When a phase selection controller fault is detected, the magnetic latching relay is automatically activated to establish a direct connection, and the tripping buffer device is activated to suppress operational overvoltage.

[0094] 3) Multi-dimensional calibration device:

[0095] Mechanical calibration unit: A laser displacement sensor is installed inside the I-shaped structure of the linkage sleeve to monitor the deviation of the main tie rod's motion trajectory in real time;

[0096] In the servo motor adjustment logic, when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure attenuation of the energy storage spring exceeds 5%, the output characteristics of the energy storage mechanism are corrected by using the cam angle adjustment formula: θ=arcsin(P_current / P_initial)×180 / π. A specific example of the motor control logic is as follows.

[0097] def adjust_cam_angle(pressure_deviation):

[0098] if pressure_deviation > 5%:

[0099] theta = arcsin(p_current / p_initial) * 180 / π

[0100] servo_motor.set_angle(theta).

[0101] Electrical calibration unit: Uses a Hall sensor array to detect the plasma distribution in the arc-extinguishing chamber and dynamically adjust the opening and closing speed curves.

[0102] Based on the above structure, the real-time phase of the power grid is obtained through a voltage transformer, and the line impedance characteristics are analyzed in conjunction with the high-frequency signal injected by the IGCT converter valve. The main controller calls the historical operation database, calculates the compensation amount in conjunction with the mechanical time delay prediction model, and automatically selects the main control mode or emergency mode according to the equipment health status (pressure / displacement data). The three-phase contacts are driven by an independent permanent magnet motor, and the hydraulic buffer completes the precise opening and closing of the circuit. Finally, the laser displacement sensor and Hall sensor provide real-time feedback on the motion trajectory and dynamically correct the control parameters.

[0103] The working principle of this invention is as follows: Taking the transformer no-load closing scenario as an example: After receiving the closing command, a 10kHz detection signal is injected through the IGCT converter valve to analyze the phase characteristics of the line impedance; at the same time, the historical operation data of the past 30 times is called to calculate the time delay compensation amount under the current environment; if the energy storage spring pressure value is detected to deviate from the preset threshold ±5%, the servo motor is started to adjust the angle of the cam mechanism; finally, during the closing process, the crank linkage rod motion trajectory is corrected in real time through the linkage sleeve displacement data to ensure that the contacts are closed within ±0.2ms of the voltage peak point.

[0104] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 2 This system is divided into a perception layer, a control layer, an execution layer, a dual-mode switcher, a physical actuator, and an auxiliary system according to its functions.

[0105] The sensing layer consists of voltage transformers, current transformers, laser displacement sensors, pressure sensor groups, and Hall sensor arrays; the control layer consists of an FPGA signal processing module and its internal ARM dynamic compensation algorithm; the execution layer consists of a permanent magnet motor drive unit and its included servo motor group; the physical execution mechanism consists of a crank linkage rod and a regulating valve assembled in the arc-extinguishing chamber; the auxiliary system includes a ZnO surge arrester, a tripping buffer device, and a magnetic latching relay.

[0106] The following are arranged between the perception layer, control layer, execution layer, dual-mode switch, physical actuator, and auxiliary systems:

[0107] Signal acquisition channels (A / B):

[0108] The voltage / current transformer is connected to the FPGA module via a fiber optic interface (A) to transmit the grid phase signal; the laser sensor and pressure sensor send mechanical status data to the ARM controller via a CAN bus (B);

[0109] Control logic channel (D / E):

[0110] The FPGA transmits the parsed high-frequency signal (D) to the permanent magnet motor drive unit to realize the opening and closing phase control; the compensation parameters (E) output by the ARM control the servo motor to adjust the cam mechanism through the PWM signal;

[0111] Redundant switching channels (F / H / I / J):

[0112] Main control mode channel (H): IGCT converter valve group → high-speed electronic switch → permanent magnet motor; Emergency mode channel (J): magnetic latching relay direct connection → tripping buffer device; Overvoltage protection (I): tripping buffer device and ZnO surge arrester form a parallel protection circuit;

[0113] Closed-loop feedback path (C / G):

[0114] The displacement data (G) of the crank linkage is fed back to the sensing layer via the RS485 interface; the plasma distribution data (C) of the arc extinguishing chamber is updated in real time to update the electrical calibration parameters.

[0115] The working principle of this invention is as follows: It provides a redundant design, with a physically isolated dual-channel design for the main control mode and the emergency mode, ensuring that basic opening and closing operations can still be completed when the system fails; it provides three-dimensional calibration, integrating a multi-dimensional correction system of mechanical displacement calibration (μm-level accuracy), electrical parameter calibration (plasma distribution optimization), and timing calibration (dynamic cycle compensation); in addition, it can intelligently switch, automatically triggering the compensation algorithm when spring pressure decay >5% or grid frequency deviation >1Hz is detected.

[0116] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 4 The operation process of the dynamic time compensation module is as follows:

[0117] Step 1, Real-time monitoring layer: Collect the power grid frequency, i.e., the voltage transformer signal, and simultaneously acquire the mechanical parameters, i.e., the spring pressure / displacement sensor data, and read the historical command time difference database.

[0118] Step 2, Deviation Judgment Module: Determine if condition 1 is met: Grid frequency deviation Δf > 1Hz? If "yes", trigger cycle number compensation calculation; if "no", use standard cycle number N=1.

[0119] Determine if condition 2 is met: Mechanical time delay deviation ΔT_hist > 0.5ms? If "yes", start the servo motor to adjust the cam angle; if "no", maintain the current mechanical parameters.

[0120] Step 3, Core Computing Module:

[0121] 3.1 Calculate the dynamic frequency N: N = ceil(Δf × k), where k is the equipment aging factor;

[0122] 3.2 Predicting the mechanical time delay compensation amount ΔT_comp: ΔT_comp = α × ΔT_hist + β × spring pressure decay rate;

[0123] 3.3 Generate target time T_target: T_target = (N × T0) + (preset phase corresponding time - ΔT_comp);

[0124] Step 4, Execution and Feedback: Output PWM pulses to the permanent magnet motor to realize the phase control of opening and closing. At the same time, verify the contact movement trajectory through the laser displacement sensor, update the historical database and record the actual action time difference.

[0125] Step 5, Abnormal Handling Branch: Case 1, when the frequency change is >5Hz, switch to emergency mode; Case 2, when the compensation exceeds the tolerance 3 times in a row, trigger the mechanical fault alarm.

[0126] In step 1, a sliding window algorithm is used to retain the data from the most recent 30 operations and automatically discard earlier data.

[0127] In the dynamic calculation of the number of cycles in step 3.1, the ceil(Δf×k) function is used to ensure that the number of compensated cycles is an integer. The value of k is dynamically adjusted according to the cumulative number of operations of the equipment. For new equipment, k=1.2, and after 100,000 operations, k=1.5.

[0128] In the mechanical delay prediction model in step 3.2, dual weighting factors α and β are introduced, with α=0.7 used for historical data weighting and β=0.3 used for real-time pressure attenuation compensation.

[0129] In step 5, the abnormal switching threshold is set to 5Hz, which is used based on the frequency transient stability limit of the UHV converter station.

[0130] The working principle of this invention is as follows: it provides dual closed-loop control, with the outer loop for grid frequency tracking and the inner loop for mechanical time delay compensation, forming a nested control structure; it provides a learning database: using a sliding window algorithm, it retains the data from the most recent 30 operations and automatically discards earlier data; it also has an anti-saturation design: when the calculated T_target exceeds the mechanical limit of the circuit breaker, it automatically locks at the maximum allowable value.

[0131] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described or explained in this invention are implemented according to conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified or limited.

Claims

1. A circuit breaker phase selection opening and closing system, characterized by, Comprise: The main controller: The main controller is internally provided with an integrated FPGA+ARM dual-core processor, a voltage transformer for collecting three-phase voltage phase signal of power grid, a current transformer, a high-frequency signal injection module and a mechanical parameter monitoring bus are connected through the main controller, and a dynamic compensation database is arranged in the main controller; Dynamic calibration subsystem: The dynamic calibration subsystem is composed of a mechanical calibration module and an electrical calibration module, the mechanical calibration module includes a laser displacement sensor and a servo motor, and the electrical calibration module includes a Hall sensor array and a closing and opening speed curve generator; Dual-mode switch: The dual-mode switch is internally provided with a main control mode channel and an emergency mode channel, the main control mode channel includes an IGCT converter valve group and a high-speed electronic switch array, and the emergency mode channel includes a magnetic latching relay and a breaking buffer device; Actuator layer: The actuator layer is composed of three-phase independent operating mechanism and pressure monitoring node, the three-phase independent operating mechanism includes a permanent magnet motor driving unit and a closing and opening linkage mechanism; the pressure monitoring node includes a gas pressure sensor for detecting SF6 gas pressure in the pole column and an energy storage spring pressure sensor; Comprise three modules: Dynamic time compensation module: a mechanical time delay prediction model is established by using a historical database of instruction time difference to correct the action time corresponding to the target phase in real time; a "delay frequency adaptive algorithm" is introduced: when the detected power grid frequency deviation is greater than 1 Hz, the cycle compensation amount is automatically expanded, and the calculation formula is: T_comp=(N×T0)+(T_target-ΔT_hist), wherein N is the frequency dynamically calculated according to the frequency fluctuation amplitude, and ΔT_hist is the average value of the historical instruction time difference; Dual-mode seamless switching module: main control mode: AC signal injection detection based on IGCT converter valve realizes fault point impedance characteristic analysis; emergency mode: when the selected phase controller fails, the magnetic latching relay is automatically started to build a direct channel, and the breaking buffer device is activated to suppress the operating overvoltage; Multi-dimensional calibration device: Mechanical calibration unit: a laser displacement sensor is installed in the I-shaped structure of the linkage sleeve to monitor the movement track deviation of the main pull rod in real time; in the mechanical calibration unit, when the pressure sensor detects that the energy storage spring pressure attenuation exceeds 5%, the cam angle adjustment formula: θ=arcsin(P_current / P_initial)×180 / π is used to correct the output characteristics of the energy storage mechanism through the servo motor adjustment logic; Electrical calibration unit: the Hall sensor array is used to detect the plasma distribution of the arc extinguishing chamber to dynamically adjust the closing and opening speed curve.

2. The phase selection opening and closing system of a circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the functions, it is divided into sensing layer, control layer, execution layer, dual-mode switch, physical execution mechanism and auxiliary system; The perception layer is composed of voltage transformers, current transformers, laser displacement sensors, pressure sensor groups, and Hall sensor arrays; the control layer is composed of FPGA signal processing modules and ARM dynamic compensation algorithms opened in the FPGA; the execution layer is composed of permanent magnet motor drive units and servo motor groups contained therein; the physical execution mechanism is composed of crank linkage rods and regulating valves assembled in the arc extinguishing chamber; the auxiliary system includes ZnO arresters, opening buffer devices, and magnetic latching relays.

3. The phase selecting opening and closing system of a circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that: Between the perception layer, the control layer, the execution layer, the dual-mode switch, the physical execution mechanism, and the auxiliary system, there are arranged: Signal acquisition channels (A / B): Voltage / current transformers are connected with FPGA modules through optical fiber interfaces (A) to transmit power grid phase signals; Laser sensors and pressure sensors send mechanical state data to ARM controllers through CAN buses (B); Control logic channels (D / E): FPGA transmits parsed high-frequency signals (D) to permanent magnet motor drive units to realize opening / closing phase control; Compensation parameters (E) output by the ARM are controlled by PWM signals to adjust the cam mechanism of the servo motor; Redundancy switching channels (F / H / I / J): Master control mode channel (H): IGCT converter group→high-speed electronic switch→permanent magnet motor; Emergency mode channel (J): magnetic latching relay direct connection→opening buffer device; Overvoltage protection (I): opening buffer device and ZnO arrester form a parallel protection circuit; Closed-loop feedback path (C / G): Displacement data (G) of the crank linkage rod is fed back to the perception layer through an RS485 interface; Arc chamber plasma distribution data (C) updates electrical calibration parameters in real time.

4. The phase selecting opening and closing system of a circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operation process of the dynamic time compensation module is as follows: Step 1, real-time monitoring layer: collect power grid frequency, i.e., voltage transformer signals, and obtain mechanical parameters, i.e., spring pressure / displacement sensor data, and read the historical instruction time difference database; Step 2, deviation judgment module: judge whether condition 1: power grid frequency deviation Δf>1Hz is met; if "yes", trigger frequency compensation calculation, and if "no", use the standard frequency N=1; Judge whether condition 2: mechanical time delay deviation ΔT_hist>0.5ms is met; if "yes", start the servo motor to adjust the cam angle, and if "no", maintain the current mechanical parameters; Step 3, calculation module: 3.1, calculate the dynamic frequency N: N=ceil(Δf×k), k is the device aging coefficient; 3.2, predict the mechanical time delay compensation amount ΔT_comp: ΔT_comp=α×ΔT_hist+β×spring pressure attenuation rate; 3.3, generate the target time T_target: T_target=(N×T0)+(preset phase corresponding time-ΔT_comp); Step 4, execution and feedback: output PWM pulses to the permanent magnet motor to realize opening / closing phase control, verify the contact motion trajectory through the laser displacement sensor, update the historical database, and record the actual action time difference at the same time; Step 5, abnormal handling branch: case 1, when the frequency mutation > 5 Hz, switch to emergency mode; case 2, when the compensation exceeds for 3 times in a row, trigger mechanical fault alarm.

5. The circuit breaker phase selecting opening and closing system according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 1, the sliding window algorithm is used to retain the last 30 operation data and automatically eliminate early data.

6. The phase selecting opening and closing system of a circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the frequency dynamic calculation of step 3.1, the ceil(Δf×k) function is used to ensure that the compensation frequency is an integer, where k value is dynamically adjusted according to the cumulative operation times of the device, k=1.2 for new devices, and k=1.5 after 100,000 operations.

7. The circuit breaker phase selecting opening and closing system according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the mechanical time delay prediction model of step 3.2, double weight factors α and β are introduced, α=0.7 for historical data weight, and β=0.3 for real-time pressure attenuation compensation.

8. The circuit breaker phase selecting opening and closing system according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the abnormal switching threshold of step 5, the frequency mutation threshold is set to 5 Hz, which is based on the frequency transient stability limit of ultra-high voltage converter station.

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