Signal propagation loss acquisition method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a signal propagation loss acquisition method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The signal propagation loss acquisition method comprises the steps that environment perception data of a target area is acquired, a three-dimensional model of the target area is constructed according to the environment perception data, and the three-dimensional model comprises feature parameters of obstacles in the target area; acquiring a propagation path of a signal from an emission source to a receiving end in the three-dimensional model; for each propagation path, the propagation loss of the propagation path is calculated based on a target characteristic parameter, and the target characteristic parameter comprises at least one of a characteristic parameter of an obstacle in the propagation path, a characteristic parameter of a space medium in the propagation path and a characteristic parameter of an antenna in the propagation path; and determining the sum of the propagation loss of each propagation path as the signal propagation loss from the emission source to the receiving end. According to the embodiment of the invention, accurate calculation of the signal propagation loss can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a method, device, electronic device and storage medium for obtaining signal propagation loss. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, operators have an increasingly urgent need for wireless network optimization. Signal propagation loss, as a key factor affecting network coverage, capacity and quality, has become a key focus in wireless network optimization.

[0003] In a complex and ever-changing environment, factors such as the dense layout of buildings, the obstruction of different materials, and the undulating terrain cause significant loss of radio signals during propagation, increasing the difficulty of network planning and optimization. Therefore, accurately calculating the propagation loss of radio signals in complex environments is of great significance for improving wireless network performance, optimizing resource allocation, and reducing operating costs. Therefore, how to accurately calculate the propagation loss of radio signals in complex environments is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the embodiments of the present application propose a signal propagation loss acquisition method, device, electronic device and storage medium to accurately calculate the propagation loss of radio signals in a complex environment.

[0005] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a method for obtaining a signal propagation loss is provided, the method comprising:

[0006] Acquire environmental perception data of a target area, and construct a three-dimensional model of the target area according to the environmental perception data, wherein the three-dimensional model includes characteristic parameters of obstacles in the target area;

[0007] Acquire a propagation path of a signal from a transmitting source to a receiving end in the three-dimensional model;

[0008] For each propagation path, calculating the propagation loss of the propagation path based on target characteristic parameters, where the target characteristic parameters include at least one of characteristic parameters of obstacles in the propagation path, characteristic parameters of the space medium in the propagation path, and characteristic parameters of antennas in the propagation path;

[0009] The sum of the propagation losses of the propagation paths is determined as the signal propagation loss from the transmitting source to the receiving end.

[0010] Optionally, the calculating the propagation loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameter includes:

[0011] Calculating at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameter, the at least one target loss comprising at least one of an obstacle penetration loss of the propagation path, a space medium penetration loss of the propagation path, a diffraction loss of the propagation path, and a polarization loss of the propagation path;

[0012] The sum of the at least one target loss is determined as the propagation loss of the propagation path.

[0013] Optionally, the obstacle in the propagation path includes a reflective obstacle; and calculating at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameter includes:

[0014] In a case where the at least one target loss includes an obstacle penetration loss of the propagation path, for each reflecting obstacle in the propagation path, based on characteristic parameters of the reflecting obstacle, calculating the obstacle penetration loss corresponding to the reflecting obstacle;

[0015] The sum of the obstacle penetration losses corresponding to all the reflective obstacles is determined as the obstacle penetration loss of the propagation path.

[0016] Optionally, the obstacle penetration loss corresponding to the reflective obstacle is calculated by the following formula:

[0017] L′ p =(α+β*f)*d+L0

[0018] Among them, L′ p represents the obstacle penetration loss corresponding to the reflective obstacle, α represents the basic attenuation coefficient of the reflective obstacle, β represents the frequency correction coefficient, f represents the frequency of the signal, d represents the penetration depth of the reflective obstacle, and L0 represents the fixed loss of the reflective obstacle.

[0019] Optionally, calculating at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameter includes:

[0020] In a case where the at least one target loss includes a spatial medium penetration loss of the propagation path, for each spatial medium in the propagation path, calculating a spatial medium penetration loss corresponding to the spatial medium based on a characteristic parameter of the spatial medium;

[0021] The sum of the spatial medium penetration losses corresponding to all the spatial media is determined as the spatial medium penetration loss of the propagation path.

[0022] Optionally, the spatial medium penetration loss corresponding to the spatial medium is calculated by the following formula:

[0023]

[0024] in, represents the spatial medium penetration loss corresponding to the spatial medium, k represents the influence coefficient of the spatial medium, f represents the frequency of the signal, a represents the exponential factor of the frequency, d represents the path length of the propagation path, b represents the exponential factor of the path length of the propagation path, and C represents the density factor of the spatial medium.

[0025] Optionally, the obstacle in the propagation path includes a diffraction obstacle; and calculating at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameter includes:

[0026] In a case where the at least one target loss includes a diffraction loss of the propagation path, for each diffraction obstacle in the propagation path, based on characteristic parameters of the diffraction obstacle, calculating the diffraction loss corresponding to the diffraction obstacle;

[0027] The sum of the diffraction losses corresponding to all the diffraction obstacles is determined as the diffraction loss of the propagation path.

[0028] Optionally, the diffraction loss corresponding to the diffraction obstacle is calculated by the following formula:

[0029]

[0030] Among them, L′ d represents the diffraction loss corresponding to the diffraction obstacle, λ represents the wavelength of the signal, d 1 represents the first geometric parameter corresponding to the diffraction obstacle, d 2 represents the second geometric parameter corresponding to the diffraction obstacle, γ represents the path diversity factor, and Δ represents the environmental factor.

[0031] Optionally, calculating at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameter includes:

[0032] In the case where the at least one target loss includes the polarization loss of the propagation path, the polarization loss of the propagation path is calculated by the following formula:

[0033]

[0034] Among them, L pol represents the polarization loss of the propagation path, E tx represents the electric field vector of the transmitting antenna corresponding to the propagation path, E rx represents the electric field vector of the receiving antenna corresponding to the propagation path, E rx *E tx Indicates E rx and Etx The dot product of .

[0035] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a signal propagation loss acquisition device is provided, the device comprising:

[0036] A construction module, used to obtain environmental perception data of a target area, and construct a three-dimensional model of the target area according to the environmental perception data, wherein the three-dimensional model includes characteristic parameters of obstacles in the target area;

[0037] An acquisition module, used to acquire a propagation path of a signal from a transmitting source to a receiving end in the three-dimensional model;

[0038] a calculation module, configured to calculate, for each propagation path, a propagation loss of the propagation path based on a target characteristic parameter, wherein the target characteristic parameter includes at least one of a characteristic parameter of an obstacle in the propagation path, a characteristic parameter of a space medium in the propagation path, and a characteristic parameter of an antenna in the propagation path;

[0039] The determination module is used to determine the sum of the propagation losses of each of the propagation paths as the signal propagation loss from the transmitting source to the receiving end.

[0040] Optionally, the calculation module includes:

[0041] a loss calculation unit, configured to calculate at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameter, wherein the at least one target loss comprises at least one of an obstacle penetration loss of the propagation path, a space medium penetration loss of the propagation path, a diffraction loss of the propagation path, and a polarization loss of the propagation path;

[0042] The loss determination unit is used to determine the sum of the at least one target loss as the propagation loss of the propagation path.

[0043] Optionally, the obstacles in the propagation path include reflective obstacles; the loss calculation unit is specifically used to: when the at least one target loss includes the obstacle penetration loss of the propagation path, for each reflective obstacle in the propagation path, calculate the obstacle penetration loss corresponding to the reflective obstacle based on the characteristic parameters of the reflective obstacle; and determine the sum of the obstacle penetration losses corresponding to all the reflective obstacles as the obstacle penetration loss of the propagation path.

[0044] Optionally, the loss calculation unit is specifically used to calculate the obstacle penetration loss corresponding to the reflective obstacle by using the following formula:

[0045] L′ p =(α+β*f)*d+L0

[0046] Among them, L′ p represents the obstacle penetration loss corresponding to the reflective obstacle, α represents the basic attenuation coefficient of the reflective obstacle, β represents the frequency correction coefficient, f represents the frequency of the signal, d represents the penetration depth of the reflective obstacle, and L0 represents the fixed loss of the reflective obstacle.

[0047] Optionally, the loss calculation unit is specifically used to: when the at least one target loss includes the spatial medium penetration loss of the propagation path, for each spatial medium in the propagation path, calculate the spatial medium penetration loss corresponding to the spatial medium based on the characteristic parameters of the spatial medium; and determine the sum of the spatial medium penetration losses corresponding to all the spatial media as the spatial medium penetration loss of the propagation path.

[0048] Optionally, the loss calculation unit is specifically used to calculate the spatial medium penetration loss corresponding to the spatial medium by using the following formula:

[0049]

[0050] in, represents the spatial medium penetration loss corresponding to the spatial medium, k represents the influence coefficient of the spatial medium, f represents the frequency of the signal, a represents the exponential factor of the frequency, d represents the path length of the propagation path, b represents the exponential factor of the path length of the propagation path, and C represents the density factor of the spatial medium.

[0051] Optionally, the obstacles in the propagation path include diffraction obstacles; the loss calculation unit is specifically used to: when the at least one target loss includes the diffraction loss of the propagation path, for each diffraction obstacle in the propagation path, calculate the diffraction loss corresponding to the diffraction obstacle based on the characteristic parameters of the diffraction obstacle; and determine the sum of the diffraction losses corresponding to all the diffraction obstacles as the diffraction loss of the propagation path.

[0052] Optionally, the loss calculation unit is specifically used to calculate the diffraction loss corresponding to the diffraction obstacle by using the following formula:

[0053]

[0054] Among them, L′ d represents the diffraction loss corresponding to the diffraction obstacle, λ represents the wavelength of the signal, d 1 represents the first geometric parameter corresponding to the diffraction obstacle, d 2 represents the second geometric parameter corresponding to the diffraction obstacle, γ represents the path diversity factor, and Δ represents the environmental factor.

[0055] Optionally, the loss calculation unit is specifically configured to calculate the polarization loss of the propagation path by using the following formula when the at least one target loss includes the polarization loss of the propagation path:

[0056]

[0057] Among them, L pol represents the polarization loss of the propagation path, E tx represents the electric field vector of the transmitting antenna corresponding to the propagation path, E rx represents the electric field vector of the receiving antenna corresponding to the propagation path, E rx *E tx Indicates E rx and E tx The dot product of .

[0058] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, an electronic device is provided, comprising a processor and a computer-readable storage medium, wherein a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium; when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the signal propagation loss acquisition method as described in any one of the above items.

[0059] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the signal propagation loss acquisition method as described in any one of the above items.

[0060] In the embodiments of the present application, by combining environmental perception technology and path search technology, accurate simulation of the signal propagation path in a complex environment is achieved, and based on relevant parameters of obstacles, spatial media, and antennas, accurate calculation of signal propagation loss is achieved, thereby providing reference information for improving the design and optimization accuracy of wireless communication systems, and improving communication quality and coverage.

[0061] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiment of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some drawings of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0063] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the steps of a method for obtaining signal propagation loss according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Figure 2 is a flowchart of another method for obtaining signal propagation loss according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Figure 3 is a structural block diagram of a signal propagation loss acquisition device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Figure 4 is a structural block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] Figure 5 It is a structural block diagram of a computer-readable storage medium in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0069] Reference Figure 1 , shows a step flow chart of a method for obtaining signal propagation loss according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0070] like Figure 1 As shown, the signal propagation loss acquisition method may include the following steps:

[0071] Step 101: Acquire environmental perception data of a target area, and construct a three-dimensional model of the target area according to the environmental perception data, wherein the three-dimensional model includes characteristic parameters of obstacles in the target area.

[0072] In the embodiment of the present application, the three-dimensional model of the target area is constructed based on the environmental perception technology, which can improve the accuracy of the three-dimensional model. Environmental perception technology refers to the process of using sensors, cameras, lidar and other equipment to obtain three-dimensional information and dynamic data of the surrounding environment in order to accurately understand and analyze the environment.

[0073] The target area refers to the area where the signal propagation loss analysis needs to be performed. For example, the target area can be a city, a district, a county, etc.

[0074] Exemplarily, the process of acquiring environmental perception data of a target area and constructing a three-dimensional model of the target area according to the environmental perception data may include, but is not limited to, environmental perception data collection, environmental perception data processing, three-dimensional model construction, etc. The following are respectively described.

[0075] 1. Environmental perception data collection:

[0076] In the embodiment of the present application, the environmental perception data may include point cloud data and image information.

[0077] (1) LiDAR scanning

[0078] In the lidar scanning stage of environmental perception data collection, first of all, choosing the right lidar system is key, which depends on the size and complexity of the target area and the required accuracy requirements. For example, for urban environments, high-density lidars such as 32-line or 64-line lidars may be required to ensure that the fine structures of buildings and streets can be captured.

[0079] When the LiDAR is working, it will emit a series of laser pulses to the target area and receive the signals reflected from the surface of the object. The round trip time of each pulse is used to calculate the distance from the target point to the LiDAR. At the same time, combined with the scanning angle and pitch angle of the LiDAR, the coordinates of the target point in three-dimensional space can be determined. These coordinate points are combined to form point cloud data.

[0080] To improve the accuracy and integrity of point cloud data, the LiDAR system has multi-echo detection capability, which means it can record multiple reflected signals returning from the same location. This helps to distinguish reflections from different objects and reduce the impact of multipath effects. In addition, LiDAR also has a dynamic range adjustment function to adapt to working environments under different lighting conditions.

[0081] (2) Camera image acquisition

[0082] High-definition cameras play an important role in environmental perception technology, especially in material property recognition. A camera system can include one or more high-resolution image sensors that can capture color or grayscale images of the target area. In order to obtain clear images under different lighting conditions, the camera can also be equipped with functions such as automatic exposure control, automatic white balance, and image stabilization.

[0083] During the image acquisition process, the camera's viewing angle and focal length need to be adjusted according to the characteristics of the target area. For example, when shooting high-rise buildings, a telephoto lens may be needed to capture more details; while when shooting open areas, a wide-angle lens may be needed to cover a wider area. The specifics can be handled according to actual needs.

[0084] In order to further improve the accuracy of material recognition, the camera system can also use multi-spectral imaging technology. By capturing image information in different bands, the reflection and absorption characteristics of the object surface can be analyzed to more accurately identify the material type.

[0085] 2. Environmental perception data processing:

[0086] (1) Data cleaning

[0087] Data cleaning is an important task in the environmental perception data processing stage. Since lidar and cameras may be affected by various interference factors (such as weather conditions, equipment failures, etc.) during the data collection process, the collected raw environmental perception data may contain noise points and outliers. If these environmental perception data are not cleaned, it will have an adverse effect on the subsequent feature extraction and model building.

[0088] Data cleaning can include denoising, filtering, outlier detection and other processes. Denoising refers to removing random noise points in the data through algorithms; filtering is to reduce high-frequency fluctuations in the data through smoothing; outlier detection is to identify and remove data points that are obviously deviated from the normal range through statistical methods or machine learning algorithms. The specific process can be handled according to actual needs.

[0089] (2) Feature extraction

[0090] Feature extraction is one of the important links in environmental perception data processing. In the embodiment of the present application, it is necessary to extract characteristic parameters that affect the propagation of radio signals from the massive environmental perception data. These characteristic parameters usually include the size (such as height, width, length, etc.), material (such as metal, glass, concrete, etc.), distribution, density, etc. of obstacles (such as buildings, trees, etc.).

[0091] Feature extraction can be achieved through image processing algorithms and machine learning techniques. For example, edge detection algorithms can be used to identify the outline of obstacles; texture analysis algorithms can be used to identify the material type of obstacles; and image segmentation algorithms can be used to distinguish different objects and areas. In addition, prior knowledge and expert experience can be combined to optimize the feature extraction process and improve the accuracy and efficiency of feature extraction.

[0092] (3) Parameterization

[0093] Parameterization is the process of converting the extracted characteristic parameters into computable parameters in the subsequent mathematical model. In the simulation of radio signal propagation, it is necessary to convert the characteristic parameters such as the size and material of the obstacle into input parameters in the mathematical model for subsequent simulation calculations.

[0094] The parameterization process usually needs to be designed according to the subsequent specific mathematical models and algorithms. For example, in the subsequent ray tracing model of the embodiment of the present application, it is necessary to convert the geometric shape and material properties of the obstacle into parameters such as the basic attenuation coefficient and fixed loss when the ray interacts with the obstacle. Through the parameterization process, complex physical phenomena can be simplified into computable problems in the mathematical model, which facilitates subsequent simulation calculations.

[0095] 3. 3D model construction

[0096] After the environmental perception data is acquired and processed, any applicable three-dimensional modeling software or algorithm may be used to construct a three-dimensional model of the target area based on the processed environmental perception data.

[0097] The process of building a 3D model can include steps such as point cloud registration, surface reconstruction, and texture mapping. Point cloud registration is to align point cloud data from multiple perspectives into a unified coordinate system to eliminate errors caused by changes in perspective. Surface reconstruction is to generate a continuous 3D surface model based on point cloud data, which usually involves complex algorithms such as meshing and surface fitting. Texture mapping is to map the image information captured by the camera onto the 3D model to enhance the realism and visual effect of the model. During the texture mapping process, texture coordinates need to be calculated and mapped to ensure that the texture matches the geometry of the model.

[0098] When building a 3D model, you also need to consider the balance between the accuracy and efficiency of the model. A high-precision model can more accurately reflect the real situation of the target area, but it will also consume more computing resources and storage space; while a low-precision model has higher computing efficiency, it may lose some important details. Therefore, in practical applications, it is necessary to select appropriate modeling methods and parameter settings according to specific needs.

[0099] The three-dimensional model may include characteristic parameters of obstacles in the target area. The characteristic parameters of obstacles may include but are not limited to: obstacle size, obstacle material, obstacle basic attenuation coefficient, obstacle penetration depth, obstacle fixed loss, etc.

[0100] Step 102: Acquire a propagation path of a signal from a transmitting source to a receiving end in the three-dimensional model.

[0101] In an embodiment of the present application, a ray tracing technology may be used to establish a ray tracing model (also referred to as a ray tracing algorithm), and the ray tracing model may be used to simulate the propagation path of a signal from a transmitting source to a receiving end in the three-dimensional model.

[0102] Exemplarily, the process of obtaining the propagation path of the signal from the transmitting source to the receiving end in the three-dimensional model may include, but is not limited to, initialization, path search, path evaluation, etc. The following describes each of these processes.

[0103] 1. Initialization

[0104] During the initialization process, the positions of the transmitter (Transmitter, T) and the receiver (Receiver, R) are set in the 3D model. The positions can be defined by coordinates, for example:

[0105] The location of the source: T = (xT, yT, zT)

[0106] The position of the receiving end: R = (xR, yR, zR)

[0107] The signal may be a radio signal, etc. There may be multiple transmission sources and multiple receiving ends, and one transmission source may correspond to multiple receiving ends. In the embodiment of the present application, one transmission source and one receiving end are used as an example for description.

[0108] 2. Path search

[0109] In the ray tracing model, path search involves finding all possible propagation paths for the signal from the source to the receiver. This process can be implemented recursively or iteratively, and also depends on the specific environment model (such as the location, shape, material, etc. of obstacles).

[0110] In path search, some calculations related to path search can also be performed, such as:

[0111] Number of reflections: For a certain propagation path, a variable n can be defined to represent the number of reflections corresponding to the path.

[0112] Path length: For a propagation path (such as a path composed of direct radiation, reflection, etc.), its path length L can be calculated by accumulating the distances of each segment, but it also depends on the specific path and algorithm.

[0113] 3. Path evaluation

[0114] In the path evaluation stage, the propagation conditions of each propagation path can be calculated, including but not limited to parameters such as arrival angle and path length. These parameters are crucial for subsequent calculations such as signal attenuation and phase change.

[0115] Angle of arrival: For the receiving end R (xR, yR, zR) and the target transmitting end P (xp, yp, zp), the angle of arrival includes the horizontal angle of arrival θ and the vertical angle of arrival φ.

[0116] The calculation formula for the horizontal arrival angle θ is as follows:

[0117] θ=arctan2(yR-yp,xR –xp) Formula 1

[0118] The calculation formula for the vertical arrival angle φ is formula 2:

[0119]

[0120] Among them, (xR, yR, zR) represents the coordinates of the receiving end R, and (xp, yp, zp) represents the coordinates of the target transmitting end P.

[0121] It should be noted that if the propagation path is a direct path, the target transmitting end is the transmitting source; if the propagation path is a reflection path, the target transmitting end is the last reflection point on the propagation path.

[0122] Path length: For a propagation path containing n+1 points (including the transmitting source and the receiving end), the calculation formula of the path length L is as follows:

[0123]

[0124] Among them, (x i+1 ,y i+1 ,z i+1 ) represents the coordinates of the i-th point on the propagation path.

[0125] By using the above-mentioned ray tracing technology, the propagation path of the signal from the transmitting source to the receiving end is simulated in the three-dimensional model, and characteristic parameters of obstacles in each propagation path, characteristic parameters of the space medium in each propagation path, characteristic parameters of the antenna in each propagation path, path length of each path, arrival angle of each path, number of reflections of each path, etc. are obtained. The specific process of the ray tracing technology can be processed according to actual experience, and this embodiment will not be discussed in detail here.

[0126] For example, obstacles can be divided into reflective obstacles and diffraction obstacles. Reflective obstacles refer to obstacles that cause signals to reflect, and diffraction obstacles refer to obstacles that cause signals to diffract. The characteristic parameters of obstacles may include but are not limited to: the size of the obstacle, the material of the obstacle, the basic attenuation coefficient of the obstacle, the penetration depth of the obstacle, the fixed loss of the obstacle, etc.

[0127] Exemplarily, the characteristic parameters of the spatial medium may include, but are not limited to: an influence coefficient of the spatial medium, a density factor of the spatial medium, and the like.

[0128] Exemplarily, the characteristic parameters of the antenna may include, but are not limited to: the electric field vector of the transmitting antenna, the electric field vector of the receiving antenna, and the like.

[0129] Step 103, for each propagation path, calculate the propagation loss of the propagation path based on target characteristic parameters, wherein the target characteristic parameters include at least one of characteristic parameters of obstacles in the propagation path, characteristic parameters of the space medium in the propagation path, and characteristic parameters of the antenna in the propagation path.

[0130] Exemplarily, the process of calculating the propagation loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameters may include: calculating at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameters, the at least one target loss including at least one of the obstacle penetration loss of the propagation path, the spatial medium penetration loss of the propagation path, the diffraction loss of the propagation path, and the polarization loss of the propagation path; and determining the sum of the at least one target loss as the propagation loss of the propagation path.

[0131] For any propagation path, if the propagation path is a direct path, the propagation path does not contain any obstacles; if the propagation path is not a direct path, the propagation path may include at least one reflective obstacle and / or at least one diffraction obstacle.

[0132] Exemplarily, the process of calculating at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameters may include: when the at least one target loss includes the obstacle penetration loss of the propagation path, for each reflective obstacle in the propagation path, based on the characteristic parameters of the reflective obstacle, calculating the obstacle penetration loss corresponding to the reflective obstacle; and determining the sum of the obstacle penetration losses corresponding to all the reflective obstacles as the obstacle penetration loss of the propagation path. It should be noted that if the propagation path does not contain a reflective obstacle, the obstacle penetration loss of the propagation path is 0.

[0133] In the embodiment of the present application, the obstacle penetration loss is the obstacle penetration loss considering frequency dependence. Considering that in the process of radio signal propagation, the attenuation coefficient of the obstacle (specifically the material of the obstacle) may not only be related to the electromagnetic properties of the material of the obstacle, but also depend on the frequency of the signal. Therefore, in order to more accurately calculate this frequency dependence, a frequency correction coefficient can be introduced to obtain the calculation formula of the obstacle penetration loss.

[0134] Exemplarily, the obstacle penetration loss corresponding to the reflective obstacle may be calculated by the following formula 4:

[0135] L′ p =(α+β*f)*d+L0 Formula 4

[0136] Among them, L′ p represents the obstacle penetration loss corresponding to the reflective obstacle (in dB), α represents the basic attenuation coefficient of the reflective obstacle (not directly dependent on the frequency, in dB / m), β represents the frequency correction coefficient (indicates the rate at which the attenuation coefficient changes with the signal frequency, in dB / (m·Hz)), f represents the frequency of the signal (in Hz), d represents the penetration depth of the reflective obstacle (in m), and L0 represents the fixed loss of the reflective obstacle (related to the material surface of the obstacle, in dB). Among them, the frequency correction coefficient can be determined through a large number of experiments according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0137] Exemplarily, the process of calculating at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameters may include: when the at least one target loss includes the spatial medium penetration loss of the propagation path, for each spatial medium in the propagation path, based on the characteristic parameters of the spatial medium, calculating the spatial medium penetration loss corresponding to the spatial medium; and determining the sum of the spatial medium penetration losses corresponding to all the spatial media as the spatial medium penetration loss of the propagation path.

[0138] In the embodiment of the present application, it is considered that in radio communication, when a radio signal penetrates a space medium containing tiny particles (such as fog droplets, raindrops, dust, etc.), scattering and absorption will occur, resulting in signal attenuation. Taking into account factors such as the frequency of the radio wave, the physical properties of the space medium (such as particle concentration, size distribution), and the path length of the propagation path, a penetration loss estimation formula considering the space medium is proposed.

[0139] Exemplarily, the spatial medium penetration loss corresponding to the spatial medium is calculated by the following formula 5:

[0140]

[0141] in, represents the spatial medium penetration loss corresponding to the spatial medium (in dB), k represents the influence coefficient of the spatial medium (a constant or coefficient related to the medium and specific conditions), f represents the frequency of the signal (in Hz), a represents the exponential factor of the frequency (used to describe the influence of the signal frequency on the spatial medium penetration loss), d represents the path length of the propagation path, b represents the exponential factor of the path length of the propagation path (used to describe the influence of the path length on the spatial medium penetration loss), and C represents the density factor of the spatial medium (used to describe the influence of the concentration or density of particles in the spatial medium on the spatial medium penetration loss). Among them, the influence coefficient of the spatial medium and the density factor of the spatial medium can be determined through a large number of experiments according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0142] Exemplarily, the process of calculating at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameters may include: when the at least one target loss includes the diffraction loss of the propagation path, for each diffraction obstacle in the propagation path, based on the characteristic parameters of the diffraction obstacle, calculating the diffraction loss corresponding to the diffraction obstacle; and determining the sum of the diffraction losses corresponding to all the diffraction obstacles as the diffraction loss of the propagation path. It should be noted that if the propagation path does not contain a diffraction obstacle, the diffraction loss of the propagation path is 0.

[0143] In the embodiment of the present application, considering that in a complex environment, the signal may not only reach the receiving point through a single diffraction path, but also through reflection and diffraction of multiple paths. In order to consider the enhancement effect of this multipath effect on the diffraction loss, a path diversity factor can be introduced to obtain a new diffraction loss calculation formula.

[0144] Exemplarily, the diffraction loss corresponding to the diffraction obstacle is calculated by the following formula 6:

[0145]

[0146] Among them, L′ d represents the diffraction loss corresponding to the diffraction obstacle (in dB), λ represents the wavelength of the signal (in m), d 1 represents the first geometric parameter corresponding to the diffraction obstacle (in m), d 2 represents the second geometric parameter corresponding to the diffraction obstacle (in m), γ represents the path diversity factor (indicating the degree of enhancement of the diffraction loss by the multipath effect), and Δ represents the environmental factor (a parameter related to the specific environment, representing a certain measure of the number of paths or a certain comprehensive indicator of the differences between paths).

[0147] The first geometric parameter corresponding to the diffraction obstacle may be the length of the diffraction obstacle diffraction, and the second geometric parameter corresponding to the diffraction obstacle may be the width of the diffraction obstacle diffraction; or, the first geometric parameter corresponding to the diffraction obstacle may be the distance from the transmission source to the vertex of the diffraction obstacle, and the second geometric parameter corresponding to the diffraction obstacle may be the distance from the diffraction obstacle to the receiving end, etc. The path diversity factor and the environmental factor may be determined by experiments or complex simulation models according to actual needs, and they depend on the specific propagation environment and obstacle layout, and this embodiment does not limit the specific values.

[0148] In the embodiment of the present application, the antenna gain (G) is the power gain of the antenna in a given direction relative to a non-directional antenna (i.e., an isotropic antenna), which is usually expressed in dB. Antenna gain affects the efficiency of signal transmission and reception, thereby affecting the total loss. Polarization refers to the direction of the electric field vector in an electromagnetic signal. When the polarization of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna do not match, polarization loss will occur. The calculation of polarization loss depends on the specific polarization mode and antenna configuration.

[0149] Exemplarily, the process of calculating at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameter may include: when the at least one target loss includes the polarization loss of the propagation path, calculating the polarization loss of the propagation path by the following formula 7:

[0150]

[0151] Among them, L pol represents the polarization loss of the propagation path, E tx represents the electric field vector of the transmitting antenna corresponding to the propagation path, E rx represents the electric field vector of the receiving antenna corresponding to the propagation path, E rx *E tx Indicates E rx and E tx The dot product of .

[0152] Step 104: determine the sum of the propagation losses of the propagation paths as the signal propagation loss from the transmitting source to the receiving end.

[0153] In the embodiment of the present application, when considering the influence of multipath effect, antenna gain and polarization on signal propagation, the synthesis formula of total loss needs to be adjusted accordingly. Multipath effect means that the signal may reach the receiving end through multiple paths, each path has its own specific loss, phase and arrival time. Antenna gain and polarization will affect the transmission and reception efficiency of the signal.

[0154] Therefore, the signal propagation loss from the transmitting source to the receiving end is L total The previous loss components can be added together, that is, the following formula 8:

[0155]

[0156] In the embodiments of the present application, by combining environmental perception technology and path search technology, accurate simulation of the signal propagation path in a complex environment is achieved, and based on relevant parameters of obstacles, spatial media, and antennas, accurate calculation of signal propagation loss is achieved, thereby providing reference information for improving the design and optimization accuracy of wireless communication systems, and improving communication quality and coverage.

[0157] Reference Figure 2 , shows a step flow chart of another method for obtaining signal propagation loss according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0158] like Figure 2 As shown, the signal propagation loss acquisition method may include the following steps:

[0159] Step 201: Acquire environmental perception data of a target area, and construct a three-dimensional model of the target area according to the environmental perception data, wherein the three-dimensional model includes characteristic parameters of obstacles in the target area.

[0160] Step 202: Acquire the propagation path of the signal from the transmitting source to the receiving end in the three-dimensional model.

[0161] Step 203, for each propagation path, calculate the propagation loss of the propagation path based on target characteristic parameters, wherein the target characteristic parameters include at least one of characteristic parameters of obstacles in the propagation path, characteristic parameters of the space medium in the propagation path, and characteristic parameters of the antenna in the propagation path.

[0162] Step 204: determine the sum of the propagation losses of each of the propagation paths as the signal propagation loss from the transmitting source to the receiving end.

[0163] Step 205, optimization processing.

[0164] (1) Model optimization is a key step in improving the performance of wireless communication system propagation models. Parameter adjustment is based on rich measured data or expert experience to fine-tune key parameters such as attenuation coefficient, reflection coefficient, and penetration loss in the model to ensure that the model prediction results are highly consistent with the actual situation, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the model.

[0165] (2) Algorithm optimization is an effective means to improve computational efficiency and accuracy. By improving the ray tracing algorithm, such as introducing parallel computing, optimizing path search strategies, and using advanced data structures to reduce the amount of computation, the algorithm's execution efficiency can be significantly improved. At the same time, combined with detailed modeling of environmental characteristics, such as three-dimensional digital maps and accurate material databases, the algorithm's ability to handle complex environments can be further improved to ensure the accuracy of the simulation results.

[0166] (3) Multipath effect processing is a key step to ensure prediction accuracy. Using appropriate algorithms, such as phase-based coherent models, power-based incoherent models, or combining statistical models to describe the random characteristics of multipath signals can effectively evaluate the interference phenomenon caused by multipath effects during signal propagation. In addition, advanced algorithms such as machine learning can be applied to further enhance the model's ability to predict and compensate for multipath effects, providing a more solid theoretical support for the design and optimization of wireless communication systems.

[0167] (4) Adjusting relevant parameters based on measured data. By obtaining measured data of signal propagation loss, the measured data is compared with the signal propagation loss obtained by the above-mentioned signal propagation loss acquisition method, and the parameters involved in the various loss calculation processes are adjusted, so as to minimize the gap between the measured data and the signal propagation loss obtained by the above-mentioned signal propagation loss acquisition method.

[0168] In an embodiment of the present application, after calculating the signal propagation loss from the transmitting source to the receiving end, the transmitting power of the transmitting source can also be obtained, and the difference between the transmitting power and the signal propagation loss is determined as the receiving power of the receiving end, thereby providing reference information for improving the design and optimization accuracy of the wireless communication system and improving the communication quality and coverage range.

[0169] The following is an explanation using a specific example.

[0170] Taking a city block as an example, first use LiDAR and cameras to perform 3D scanning and image acquisition on the block to obtain the 3D model and material properties of obstacles. Then, based on this environmental information, a ray tracing model is established to simulate the propagation path of radio signals in the block. By calculating the penetration loss and diffraction loss on each path and considering the influence of antenna gain and polarization mode, the total propagation loss of the radio signal in the block is finally obtained. The calculated results are compared and verified with the measured data to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the model.

[0171] (1) Environmental perception data collection

[0172] LiDAR scanning: A 64-line LiDAR system can be selected to cover the complex structure of the city block. The LiDAR is mounted on a mobile platform to scan streets, buildings, trees, etc. in 360 degrees. A large amount of point cloud data is acquired during the scanning process, and the data quality is improved through multi-echo detection.

[0173] Camera image acquisition: Multiple high-definition cameras are used to capture color images. The cameras are equipped with automatic exposure control and white balance functions to ensure clear images under different lighting conditions. A combination of wide-angle and telephoto lenses can cover wide areas while capturing building details.

[0174] (2) Environmental Perception Data Processing

[0175] Data cleaning: De-noising and smoothing are performed on the original point cloud data to remove outliers caused by weather or other factors.

[0176] Feature extraction: The building’s height, width, material and other features were extracted from the 3D model. Image processing algorithms were used to identify different materials such as glass curtain walls, concrete walls and vegetation.

[0177] Parameterization: Convert the extracted feature parameters into the input parameters required by the ray tracing model, such as reflection coefficient, penetration loss, etc.

[0178] (3) 3D model construction:

[0179] Point cloud data and image information were used to perform point cloud registration in professional software. A continuous 3D surface model was generated through a surface reconstruction algorithm. The image texture captured by the camera was mapped onto the 3D model, increasing the visual realism.

[0180] (4) Establishing a ray tracing model

[0181] In the simulation of radio signal propagation, the application of ray tracing can accurately predict the behavior of radio waves in a specific environment, including direct radiation, reflection, diffraction and other phenomena.

[0182] Initialize the location coordinates of the transmitting source T and the receiving end R.

[0183] Implement a path search algorithm to determine all possible direct and reflected paths. The ray tracing algorithm attempts to find all possible propagation paths from the source to the receiver. This includes the direct path as well as one or more reflections from obstructing surfaces.

[0184] Relying on pre-built 3D models, the 3D models contain all objects in the scene and their material properties.

[0185] Calculate the angle of arrival and path length for each propagation path.

[0186] (5) Calculation of signal propagation loss

[0187] Calculate signal attenuation based on different factors (such as penetration material, diffraction obstacles, antenna characteristics, etc.).

[0188] According to the material characteristics of obstacles on the propagation path, a correction formula for obstacle penetration loss that takes frequency dependence into account is applied.

[0189] Considering the influence of space media (such as raindrops) on radio waves, the corresponding space medium penetration loss estimation formula is used.

[0190] For the diffraction path, the path diversity factor is introduced to adjust the diffraction loss.

[0191] Calculate the polarization loss caused by the mismatch between antenna gain and polarization.

[0192] Combining the above components, the total signal propagation loss is obtained.

[0193] For example:

[0194] Suppose we are evaluating the radio signal propagation loss from a base station (transmitter) to a mobile device (receiver) in an urban environment.

[0195] Assumed parameters:

[0196] Transmitter (base station) location: T = (0, 0, 50) m (located on top of the building).

[0197] Receiver (mobile device) location: R = (100, 0, 1.5) meters (height of pedestrians on the street).

[0198] Frequency of the signal: f = 2.4 GHz.

[0199] Wavelength of the signal: λ≈0.125m.

[0200] Obstacle material:

[0201] Glass curtain wall: basic attenuation coefficient α glass =0.1dB / m, frequency correction factor β glass =0.01dB / (m·GHz).

[0202] Concrete wall: foundation attenuation coefficient α concrete =2.0dB / m, frequency correction factor β concrete =0.1dB / (m·GHz).

[0203] Path Description:

[0204] Direct path: directly from the base station to the mobile device.

[0205] Reflection path: The signal first goes from the base station to the obstacle and then reflects to the mobile device.

[0206] There is a 45-degree angle between the polarization directions of the base station's transmitting antenna and the mobile device's receiving antenna (the angle between the electric field vector direction of a street pedestrian using a mobile device and the antenna is not a physical angle).

[0207] Calculation steps:

[0208] Obstacle penetration loss for direct path:

[0209] Path length d direct :

[0210]

[0211] Assume that the direct path does not pass through any obstacles, so the obstacle penetration loss of the direct path is 0.

[0212] Obstacle penetration loss of the reflection path:

[0213] Penetration depth of glass curtain wall d glass =0.05m

[0214] Obstacle penetration loss of glass curtain wall

[0215]

[0216] Concrete wall penetration depth d concrete =0.2m

[0217] Concrete wall penetration loss

[0218]

[0219] Diffraction loss:

[0220] Geometric parameters of the obstacle: Assume d 1 =30m,d 2 =70m

[0221] Assume that the path diversity factor γ = 1 and the environmental factor Δ = 3dB

[0222] Diffraction loss L' d :

[0223]

[0224] Polarization loss:

[0225] There is a 45 degree angle between the polarization directions of the transmitting and receiving antennas.

[0226] Assume: |E tx |=|E rx |=1 (normalize the electric field strength of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna to a vector of unit length. This will not affect the calculation result of the polarization loss because it depends on the relative relationship between the two electric field vectors).

[0227] Polarization loss L pol as follows:

[0228]

[0229] The total signal propagation loss is calculated as:

[0230] The total signal propagation loss L total as follows:

[0231] L pol =0.012+0.448+48.2+3=51.66dB

[0232] Optimization:

[0233] Parameter adjustment: Based on measured data, fine-tune key parameters such as attenuation coefficient and reflection coefficient.

[0234] Algorithm optimization: Improve the ray tracing algorithm, such as introducing parallel processing to speed up the calculation.

[0235] Multipath effect processing: Use statistical models combined with machine learning methods to improve the accuracy of multipath signal prediction.

[0236] In the embodiments of the present application, the communication quality and coverage can be improved: by accurately calculating the propagation loss of radio signals in complex environments, a reliable basis is provided for the design and optimization of wireless communication systems, which helps to improve the communication quality and coverage. The network planning cost can be reduced: the duplication of base station construction and waste of resources caused by inaccurate propagation loss estimation are reduced, and the network planning cost is reduced. The system robustness can be enhanced: the model can adapt to the propagation loss calculation requirements under different environmental conditions, and enhance the robustness and adaptability of the wireless communication system.

[0237] Reference Figure 3 , shows a structural block diagram of a signal propagation loss acquisition device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0238] like Figure 3 As shown, the signal propagation loss acquisition device may include the following modules:

[0239] A construction module 301 is used to obtain environmental perception data of a target area, and to construct a three-dimensional model of the target area according to the environmental perception data, wherein the three-dimensional model includes characteristic parameters of obstacles in the target area;

[0240] An acquisition module 302 is used to acquire a propagation path of a signal from a transmitting source to a receiving end in the three-dimensional model;

[0241] A calculation module 303 is used to calculate the propagation loss of each propagation path based on a target characteristic parameter, wherein the target characteristic parameter includes at least one of a characteristic parameter of an obstacle in the propagation path, a characteristic parameter of a space medium in the propagation path, and a characteristic parameter of an antenna in the propagation path;

[0242] The determination module 304 is used to determine the sum of the propagation losses of each of the propagation paths as the signal propagation loss from the transmission source to the receiving end.

[0243] Optionally, the calculation module 303 includes:

[0244] a loss calculation unit, configured to calculate at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameter, wherein the at least one target loss comprises at least one of an obstacle penetration loss of the propagation path, a space medium penetration loss of the propagation path, a diffraction loss of the propagation path, and a polarization loss of the propagation path;

[0245] The loss determination unit is used to determine the sum of the at least one target loss as the propagation loss of the propagation path.

[0246] Optionally, the obstacles in the propagation path include reflective obstacles; the loss calculation unit is specifically used to: when the at least one target loss includes the obstacle penetration loss of the propagation path, for each reflective obstacle in the propagation path, calculate the obstacle penetration loss corresponding to the reflective obstacle based on the characteristic parameters of the reflective obstacle; and determine the sum of the obstacle penetration losses corresponding to all the reflective obstacles as the obstacle penetration loss of the propagation path.

[0247] Optionally, the loss calculation unit is specifically used to calculate the obstacle penetration loss corresponding to the reflective obstacle by using the following formula:

[0248] L′ p =(α+β*f)*d+L0

[0249] Among them, L′ prepresents the obstacle penetration loss corresponding to the reflective obstacle, α represents the basic attenuation coefficient of the reflective obstacle, β represents the frequency correction coefficient, f represents the frequency of the signal, d represents the penetration depth of the reflective obstacle, and L0 represents the fixed loss of the reflective obstacle.

[0250] Optionally, the loss calculation unit is specifically used to: when the at least one target loss includes the spatial medium penetration loss of the propagation path, for each spatial medium in the propagation path, calculate the spatial medium penetration loss corresponding to the spatial medium based on the characteristic parameters of the spatial medium; and determine the sum of the spatial medium penetration losses corresponding to all the spatial media as the spatial medium penetration loss of the propagation path.

[0251] Optionally, the loss calculation unit is specifically used to calculate the spatial medium penetration loss corresponding to the spatial medium by using the following formula:

[0252]

[0253] in, represents the spatial medium penetration loss corresponding to the spatial medium, k represents the influence coefficient of the spatial medium, f represents the frequency of the signal, a represents the exponential factor of the frequency, d represents the path length of the propagation path, b represents the exponential factor of the path length of the propagation path, and C represents the density factor of the spatial medium.

[0254] Optionally, the obstacles in the propagation path include diffraction obstacles; the loss calculation unit is specifically used to: when the at least one target loss includes the diffraction loss of the propagation path, for each diffraction obstacle in the propagation path, calculate the diffraction loss corresponding to the diffraction obstacle based on the characteristic parameters of the diffraction obstacle; and determine the sum of the diffraction losses corresponding to all the diffraction obstacles as the diffraction loss of the propagation path.

[0255] Optionally, the loss calculation unit is specifically used to calculate the diffraction loss corresponding to the diffraction obstacle by using the following formula:

[0256]

[0257] Among them, L′ d represents the diffraction loss corresponding to the diffraction obstacle, λ represents the wavelength of the signal, d 1 represents the first geometric parameter corresponding to the diffraction obstacle, d 2 represents the second geometric parameter corresponding to the diffraction obstacle, λ represents the path diversity factor, and Δ represents the environmental factor.

[0258] Optionally, the loss calculation unit is specifically configured to calculate the polarization loss of the propagation path by using the following formula when the at least one target loss includes the polarization loss of the propagation path:

[0259]

[0260] Among them, L pol represents the polarization loss of the propagation path, E tx represents the electric field vector of the transmitting antenna corresponding to the propagation path, E rx represents the electric field vector of the receiving antenna corresponding to the propagation path, E rx *E tx Indicates E rx and E tx The dot product of .

[0261] In the embodiments of the present application, by combining environmental perception technology and path search technology, accurate simulation of the signal propagation path in a complex environment is achieved, and based on relevant parameters of obstacles, spatial media, and antennas, accurate calculation of signal propagation loss is achieved, thereby providing reference information for improving the design and optimization accuracy of wireless communication systems, and improving communication quality and coverage.

[0262] As for the device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.

[0263] Reference Figure 4 , shows a structural block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 As shown, the electronic device 11 includes a processor 111 and a computer-readable storage medium 112 , on which a computer program 1121 is stored.

[0264] The processor 111 is used to execute the computer program 1121 stored on the computer-readable storage medium 112. When executing the computer program 1121, the processor 111 implements the signal propagation loss acquisition method of any of the above-mentioned embodiments and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0265] The processor 111 mentioned above may include but is not limited to: a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.

[0266] The computer-readable storage medium 112 mentioned above may include but is not limited to: read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), electronic erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), hard disk, floppy disk, flash memory, etc.

[0267] Reference Figure 5 , shows a block diagram of a computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 As shown, a computer program 211 is stored on a computer-readable storage medium 21, and the computer program 211 can be executed by a processor of an electronic device. When the computer program 211 is executed by the processor, the processor executes the signal propagation loss acquisition method as described in any of the above embodiments, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0268] The various embodiments in this specification are interrelated, and each embodiment is described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0269] It should be noted that all actions to obtain signals, information or data in this application are carried out in compliance with the relevant data protection laws and policies of the location and with the authorization given by the owner of the corresponding device.

[0270] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise one..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or terminal device including the elements.

[0271] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0272] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of the present application and the scope of protection of the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present application.

[0273] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in the present application can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0274] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0275] In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0276] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0277] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0278] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present application.

Claims

1. A method for obtaining signal propagation loss, characterized in that: The method comprises: Acquire environmental perception data of a target area, and construct a three-dimensional model of the target area according to the environmental perception data, wherein the three-dimensional model includes characteristic parameters of obstacles in the target area; Acquire a propagation path of a signal from a transmitting source to a receiving end in the three-dimensional model; For each propagation path, calculating the propagation loss of the propagation path based on target characteristic parameters, where the target characteristic parameters include at least one of characteristic parameters of obstacles in the propagation path, characteristic parameters of the space medium in the propagation path, and characteristic parameters of antennas in the propagation path; The sum of the propagation losses of the propagation paths is determined as the signal propagation loss from the transmitting source to the receiving end.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The calculating the propagation loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameter comprises: Calculating at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameter, the at least one target loss comprising at least one of an obstacle penetration loss of the propagation path, a space medium penetration loss of the propagation path, a diffraction loss of the propagation path, and a polarization loss of the propagation path; The sum of the at least one target loss is determined as the propagation loss of the propagation path.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The obstacles in the propagation path include reflective obstacles; Calculating at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameter includes: In a case where the at least one target loss includes an obstacle penetration loss of the propagation path, for each reflecting obstacle in the propagation path, calculating the obstacle penetration loss corresponding to the reflecting obstacle based on characteristic parameters of the reflecting obstacle; The sum of the obstacle penetration losses corresponding to all the reflective obstacles is determined as the obstacle penetration loss of the propagation path.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The obstacle penetration loss corresponding to the reflective obstacle is calculated by the following formula: L′ p =(α+β*f)*d+L0 Among them, L′ p represents the obstacle penetration loss corresponding to the reflective obstacle, α represents the basic attenuation coefficient of the reflective obstacle, β represents the frequency correction coefficient, f represents the frequency of the signal, d represents the penetration depth of the reflective obstacle, and L0 represents the fixed loss of the reflective obstacle.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Calculating at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameter includes: In a case where the at least one target loss includes a spatial medium penetration loss of the propagation path, for each spatial medium in the propagation path, calculating a spatial medium penetration loss corresponding to the spatial medium based on a characteristic parameter of the spatial medium; The sum of the spatial medium penetration losses corresponding to all the spatial media is determined as the spatial medium penetration loss of the propagation path.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The spatial medium penetration loss corresponding to the spatial medium is calculated by the following formula: in, represents the spatial medium penetration loss corresponding to the spatial medium, k represents the influence coefficient of the spatial medium, f represents the frequency of the signal, a represents the exponential factor of the frequency, d represents the path length of the propagation path, b represents the exponential factor of the path length of the propagation path, and C represents the density factor of the spatial medium.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The obstacles in the propagation path include diffraction obstacles; Calculating at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameter includes: In a case where the at least one target loss includes a diffraction loss of the propagation path, for each diffraction obstacle in the propagation path, based on characteristic parameters of the diffraction obstacle, calculating the diffraction loss corresponding to the diffraction obstacle; The sum of the diffraction losses corresponding to all the diffraction obstacles is determined as the diffraction loss of the propagation path.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The diffraction loss corresponding to the diffraction obstacle is calculated by the following formula: Among them, L ′ d represents the diffraction loss corresponding to the diffraction obstacle, λ represents the wavelength of the signal, d1 represents the first geometric parameter corresponding to the diffraction obstacle, d2 represents the second geometric parameter corresponding to the diffraction obstacle, γ represents the path diversity factor, and Δ represents the environmental factor.

9. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Calculating at least one target loss of the propagation path based on the target characteristic parameter includes: In the case where the at least one target loss includes the polarization loss of the propagation path, the polarization loss of the propagation path is calculated by the following formula: Among them, L pol represents the polarization loss of the propagation path, E tx represents the electric field vector of the transmitting antenna corresponding to the propagation path, E rx represents the electric field vector of the receiving antenna corresponding to the propagation path, E rx *E tx Indicates E rx and E tx The dot product of .

10. A signal propagation loss acquisition device, characterized in that: The device comprises: A construction module, used to obtain environmental perception data of a target area, and construct a three-dimensional model of the target area according to the environmental perception data, wherein the three-dimensional model includes characteristic parameters of obstacles in the target area; An acquisition module, used to acquire a propagation path of a signal from a transmitting source to a receiving end in the three-dimensional model; a calculation module, configured to calculate, for each propagation path, a propagation loss of the propagation path based on a target characteristic parameter, wherein the target characteristic parameter includes at least one of a characteristic parameter of an obstacle in the propagation path, a characteristic parameter of a space medium in the propagation path, and a characteristic parameter of an antenna in the propagation path; The determination module is used to determine the sum of the propagation losses of each of the propagation paths as the signal propagation loss from the transmitting source to the receiving end.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises a processor and a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program; When the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor is enabled to execute the signal propagation loss acquisition method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

12. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the signal propagation loss acquisition method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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