Stress-resistant cultivation method for bluegrass in alpine region

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of concealed project acceptance, discloses a stress-resistant cultivation method for bluegrass in an alpine region, and provides a stress-resistant cultivation technology for the bluegrass according to the characteristics of the alpine region. Cultivation land with flat terrain and good drainage is selected, deep tillage and organic fertilizer are combined to improve soil, and a foundation is laid for growth of bluegrass. Seed pretreatment adopts warm water soaking for accelerating germination, and uniform seedling emergence is ensured in a drilling mode; for irrigation, spray irrigation and drip irrigation are combined, so that water is guaranteed, and resources are saved; the fertilization strategy covers base fertilizer and topdressing, and scientific proportioning is carried out according to the growth stage; through trimming and grass clippings treatment, the lawn is kept clean, and waste recycling is achieved; pest and disease control emphasizes combination of biological and chemical means and precise implementation; weed control is comprehensively applied through agricultural and chemical methods, and it is ensured that the lawn is pure; the technology effectively improves the stress resistance of the bluegrass in the alpine region, and has remarkable environmental and economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of Poa pratensis cultivation in alpine regions, and particularly to a stress-resistant cultivation method for Poa pratensis in alpine regions. Background Art

[0002] As a gramineous plant widely distributed in alpine regions, Poa pratensis has important forage value in animal husbandry. However, the unique climatic conditions in alpine regions pose many challenges to the growth of Poa pratensis. These regions usually have low temperatures, short frost-free periods, and large diurnal temperature differences, resulting in a shortened growth cycle of Poa pratensis and limited biomass accumulation. In addition, the long soil freezing time, delayed thawing, and water changes during the freeze-thaw cycle make it difficult for Poa pratensis to absorb and utilize nutrients.

[0003] Alpine regions are characterized by cold climate, short growing seasons, relatively low soil fertility, and fragile ecological environments. As an important perennial herb, Poa pratensis has important values in ecological restoration, soil and water conservation, and animal husbandry in alpine regions. However, under traditional cultivation methods, Poa pratensis faces many challenges in alpine regions, such as slow or even stagnant growth caused by low temperatures, poor soil affecting its nutrient absorption, and difficulty in effectively resisting pest and disease attacks, which severely limit its popularization and application in alpine regions and the exertion of its ecological benefits. At the same time, existing cultivation techniques pay insufficient attention to the asexual reproduction of Poa pratensis, especially the lack of effective methods to promote the increase in the number of Poa pratensis branches, and cannot meet the needs of large-scale propagation and rapid establishment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a stress-resistant cultivation method for Poa pratensis in alpine regions, which improves the stress resistance of Poa pratensis in alpine regions, significantly increases the number of branches of Poa pratensis at the same time, promotes its asexual reproduction, and realizes efficient and sustainable cultivation.

[0005] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A stress-resistant cultivation method for Poa pratensis in alpine regions, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Select an area with flat, open terrain and a certain slope for drainage as the cultivation land, and conduct deep plowing in autumn, with the depth controlled at 20 - 30 cm; at the same time, apply 3000 - 5000 kg of organic fertilizer, 1000 - 1500 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, and 80 - 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu as base fertilizers; the organic fertilizer is preferably well-rotted cattle and sheep manure, the well-rotted farmyard manure is selected from compost or manure, and the phosphate fertilizer is selected from superphosphate; during the deep plowing process, mix the fertilizers evenly into the soil, and then level the land to make the soil fine and without large soil clods;

[0008] S2: According to the climatic characteristics of alpine regions, select early-maturing bluegrass varieties with strong tillering ability and cold tolerance, such as varieties like "Nasu" and "Midnight"; before sowing, pre-treat the seeds. First, soak the seeds in warm water at 50 - 55 °C for 10 - 15 hours, continuously stir during this period to make the seeds evenly heated, then fish out the seeds, cover them with a damp cloth or gunny sack for germination. Keep the germination temperature at 20 - 25 °C, rinse with water once a day. After most of the seeds show white tips, sow them using the drill seeding method, with a row spacing of 20 - 30 cm, a seeding depth of 1 - 2 cm, and a seeding rate of 10 - 15 kg per mu;

[0009] S3: Select clean water sources for irrigation, and determine the irrigation frequency according to soil moisture and weather conditions; in the early growth stage of bluegrass, the soil humidity should be maintained at 60% - 70%. Use sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation methods to avoid soil compaction caused by flood irrigation; as the plants grow, gradually increase the irrigation amount, but avoid waterlogging.

[0010] Preferably, S4: During the growth period of bluegrass, top-dress 2 - 3 times a year; in the spring green-up period, top-dress 6 - 10 kg of urea and 5 - 8 kg of potassium sulfate per mu to promote the green-up growth of the plants; in the summer growth peak period, top-dress 8 - 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 4 - 6 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 3 - 5 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu to improve the growth rate and tillering ability of the plants; in the autumn, top-dress 4 - 6 kg of diammonium phosphate and 2 - 3 kg of potassium sulfate per mu to enhance the cold resistance of the plants; use furrow application or hole application for top-dressing, and cover the soil and water in time after fertilization to improve the fertilizer utilization rate;

[0011] S5: When the bluegrass grows to the 5 - 6 leaf stage, carry out the first pruning, with a stubble height of 3 - 5 cm, and then prune once every 2 - 3 months; when pruning, choose a sunny day and after the dew has dried, use a sharp lawn mower or scissors, keep the cut smooth, and avoid tearing the plants; collect the cut grass clippings for composting and then use them as base fertilizer;

[0012] S6: Regularly observe the growth of bluegrass and promptly detect diseases and pests; for diseases such as rust and powdery mildew, at the initial stage of the disease, use biological control, release natural enemy insects or use biological pesticides for prevention and control; when the disease is severe, use chemical control, select the corresponding fungicides for spraying control; for pests such as grubs and wireworms, use a combination of physical and chemical control methods, such as installing insect-trapping lights to trap pests and using insecticides for root irrigation;

[0013] S7: Use a combination of manual weeding and mechanical weeding; in the early growth stage of bluegrass, regularly carry out manual weeding to remove weeds in the field; as the plants grow, use a weeding machine for mechanical weeding, with the weeding depth controlled at 3 - 5 cm to avoid damaging the roots of bluegrass.

[0014] Preferably, the base fertilizer further includes a microbial inoculant, with a dosage of 2-3 kg per mu; the microbial inoculant is a compound inoculant containing beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum, which can improve soil fertility and enhance the disease resistance of plants.

[0015] Preferably, during the seed pretreatment process, the seeds are soaked in a 0.3%-0.5% carbendazim solution for 10-15 minutes to disinfect the seeds and prevent the occurrence of diseases.

[0016] Preferably, topdressing is carried out by ditch application or hole application, and the soil is covered and watered in time after fertilization; for ditch application, a ditch is dug between the rows of plants with a depth of 5-8 cm, and the fertilizer is applied into the ditch and then covered with soil; for hole application, holes are dug around the plants, and the fertilizer is applied into the holes and then covered with soil. Both methods can improve the fertilizer utilization rate.

[0017] Preferably, irrigation is carried out by sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation to keep the soil humidity at 60%-70%; sprinkler irrigation can evenly distribute water on the soil surface, while drip irrigation can directly drip water to the roots of plants. Both irrigation methods can save water and avoid soil compaction.

[0018] Preferably, the cut grass clippings are collected and composted, and then used as base fertilizer; during composting, appropriate amounts of organic substances such as straw and livestock manure are added to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio and accelerate the composting and decomposition speed.

[0019] Preferably, pest and disease control adopts a method combining biological control and chemical control; for biological control, natural enemy insects such as predatory insects, parasitic insects or pathogenic microorganisms are selected for control; for chemical control, highly effective, low-toxic and low-residue pesticides are selected for spray control, and the dosage and safety interval are strictly controlled according to the pesticide use instructions.

[0020] Preferably, weed control adopts a method combining manual weeding and mechanical weeding; manual weeding is carried out in the early stage of weed growth to pull out the weeds with roots; mechanical weeding is carried out in the vigorous growth stage of weeds, and a weeding machine is used to cut the weeds, and the weeding depth is controlled at 3-5 cm to avoid damaging the roots of Poa annua.

[0021] In summary, the present invention mainly has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] I. By means of scientific and reasonable measures such as site selection and land preparation, seed treatment, and irrigation management, a good soil environment and water conditions are provided for the growth of Poa annua, effectively improving the seed germination rate and plant survival rate. Especially in alpine regions, this method can overcome adverse factors such as low temperature and drought, ensuring the smooth growth of Poa annua; selecting varieties with strong cold tolerance, combined with reasonable fertilization and pest control measures, enhances the adaptability and stress resistance of Poa annua to the harsh environment in alpine regions. It enables the plants to resist adverse effects such as low temperature and pests, maintain the growth potential, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases; applying a large amount of organic fertilizers, microbial inoculants and other base fertilizers, as well as later topdressing and composting of grass clippings, increases the organic matter content of the soil, improves the soil structure, and enhances the water retention, fertilizer retention capacity and aeration of the soil. This provides sufficient nutrients for the growth of Poa annua, and also helps to repair and improve the soil ecological environment.

[0023] II. Reasonable pruning and irrigation management can promote the tillering and growth of Poa annua, increase the plant density and height, and improve the lawn coverage and aesthetics. At the same time, timely pruning can also control the growth height of the plants, avoiding overgrowth from affecting the aesthetics and use functions; adopting water-saving irrigation methods such as sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation, as well as precise fertilization techniques, can effectively save water resources and fertilizer costs. In addition, through asexual propagation techniques such as division propagation and stolon propagation, the planting area can be quickly expanded, the seed consumption can be reduced, and the planting cost can be lowered; using a combination of biological control and chemical control methods for pest control reduces the use of chemical pesticides and environmental pollution. At the same time, composting the cut grass clippings realizes the resource utilization of waste, meeting the requirements of environmental protection and sustainable development; The stress-resistant cultivation method of Poa annua in alpine regions of the present invention is not only applicable to slope greening, but also can be used in multiple fields such as urban green space maintenance, ecological restoration, and soil and water conservation. It has broad application prospects and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the fertilization method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0025] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] Refer to Figure 1 , a stress-resistant cultivation method of Poa annua in alpine regions, comprising:

[0027] Priority should be given to areas that are relatively flat, open and have a certain slope (generally 3°-5° is appropriate), which is convenient for drainage and can prevent waterlogging from causing root rot; for example, in mountainous areas, the gentle slopes at the foot of the mountain can be selected, and in plain areas, plots with slightly higher terrain can be chosen.

[0028] Consider the soil type, and loam or light loam is preferred. Such soils have relatively good air permeability and water retention; the soil texture can be judged by a simple hand feeling test. Hold an appropriate amount of soil in the hand, it can form a ball but not stick to the hand, and it can naturally disperse after being loosened, which is the appropriate loam or light loam.

[0029] There are certain requirements for soil fertility. Priority should be given to areas with relatively high organic matter content in the soil; a soil nutrient rapid tester can be used to detect the soil in the selected area. If the organic matter content is less than 2%, soil improvement is required.

[0030] Soil improvement measures - Application of organic fertilizers: In the autumn or winter of the year before planting, apply 3000-5000 kilograms of fully decomposed organic fertilizers per mu, such as decomposed farmyard manure (cow dung, sheep dung, etc.), compost, etc.; the organic fertilizers should be evenly spread on the ground surface, and then mechanical or manual tillage is used to turn the soil, so that the organic fertilizers are fully mixed with the soil, and the depth is about 20-30 centimeters; this can improve the soil structure, increase the soil porosity, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, and provide long-term nutrient supply for the growth of Poa annua.

[0031] Application of soil conditioners: According to the soil acidity and alkalinity test results, if the soil pH value is lower than 6 or higher than 8, soil conditioners need to be used for adjustment; for acidic soil, 100-150 kilograms of lime can be applied per mu; for alkaline soil, sulfur powder can be selected, and the dosage per mu is about 20-30 kilograms; after the conditioner is evenly spread on the ground surface, tillage is also carried out to make the conditioner fully contact with the soil, and adjust the soil acidity and alkalinity to neutral or close to neutral (pH value 6.5-7.5) to meet the growth requirements of Poa annua.

[0032] Green manure planting and incorporation: After the previous crop of Poa annua is harvested, leguminous green manure crops such as Astragalus sinicus and Medicago sativa can be planted; the seeding rate of green manure crops is 2-3 kilograms per mu, and the drilling method is adopted with a row spacing of 20-30 centimeters; when the green manure crops grow to the full flowering stage, turn them over and incorporate them into the soil together with the roots, and the depth is about 20 centimeters; after the green manure crops decompose in the soil, it can increase the nitrogen content in the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and at the same time can fix the nitrogen in the air and improve the soil fertility.

[0033] According to the climate characteristics and cultivation purposes in alpine regions, select suitable Poa annua varieties; for example, the "Nassau" Poa annua variety with strong cold tolerance can survive the winter safely in a low-temperature environment of -30°C; while the "Midnight" Poa annua variety has strong drought tolerance and barren tolerance, and is suitable for planting in alpine regions with low soil fertility and less precipitation; at the same time, factors such as the growth habits and turf quality of the variety should be considered to ensure that the selected variety can meet the actual needs.

[0034] Seedling collection and grading: The general time for seedling collection is in spring or autumn when the temperature is suitable and the vitality of the seedlings is strong; select healthy mother plants without diseases and pests, and cut the stem segments with 3-5 internodes from their bases as seedlings; the collected seedlings should be graded in a timely manner to remove weak and damaged seedlings; classify the seedlings into different grades according to indicators such as stem thickness, internode length, and leaf number. For example, for first-class seedlings, the stem thickness is ≥2 mm, the internode length is ≥3 cm, and the leaf number is ≥4; for second-class seedlings, the stem thickness is 1.5-2 mm, the internode length is 2-3 cm, and the leaf number is 3-4; for third-class seedlings, the stem thickness is <1.5 mm, the internode length is <2 cm, and the leaf number is <3; the graded seedlings are bundled separately and marked with their grades for subsequent cultivation management to take different cultivation measures according to the seedling grades.

[0035] Seedling pretreatment Rooting treatment: To improve the rooting rate and root vitality of seedlings, hormone treatment can be used for seedlings; commonly used rooting hormones are indolebutyric acid (IBA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); immerse the bases of the graded seedlings in an IBA or NAA solution with a concentration of 500-1000 mg / L for 10-15 hours; during the immersion process, pay attention to keeping the solution concentration stable and prevent the seedlings from exposing above the liquid surface; after taking out the immersed seedlings, rinse the residual hormone solution on the roots with clean water, and then place them in a cool and ventilated place to dry the surface moisture before planting.

[0036] Disinfection treatment: To prevent seedlings from carrying diseases and pests, it is necessary to disinfect the seedlings before planting; carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times solution or thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 600-800 times solution can be used for spraying disinfection; place the seedlings neatly on the disinfection rack and use a sprayer to evenly spray the liquid medicine so that all parts of the seedlings can fully contact the liquid medicine; after the disinfected seedlings are dried on the surface, they can be planted;

[0037] In alpine regions, the temperature rises relatively late in spring, generally from late April to early May. When the soil temperature stably reaches above 5°C, it is suitable for spring planting of Poa annua; at this time, the temperature gradually rises and the soil humidity is suitable, which is conducive to the rooting, germination and regreening growth of seedlings; autumn planting should be carried out from late August to early September. At this time, the temperature has not been too low, and Poa annua has enough growth time to take root and accumulate nutrients before winter to enhance its cold resistance.

[0038] Planting density: Determine a reasonable planting density according to the characteristics of the Poa annua variety and the cultivation purpose. Generally, when used for lawn establishment, the planting density per square meter is 30 - 50 plants. When used for slope greening or ecological restoration, the planting density per square meter can be appropriately reduced to 20 - 30 plants. When planting, use the hole-planting method. The hole depth is 5 - 8 cm, and the hole diameter is 4 - 6 cm. Vertically place the seedlings into the holes, and the soil covering thickness should be just enough to cover the base of the seedlings. Then gently compact the soil and pour enough root-fixing water. The root-fixing water should be poured thoroughly to make the soil fully contact with the roots of the seedlings, which is beneficial to root growth and water and nutrient absorption.

[0039] Irrigation management: Selection of irrigation water source: Priority should be given to water sources with good quality and no pollution, such as groundwater, reservoir water, or treated river water. Avoid using water sources with high salt content, excessive heavy metals, or pollution, so as not to have an adverse impact on the growth of Poa annua. Before use, the water source should be tested to ensure that it meets the water quality standards for farmland irrigation.

[0040] Irrigation method: Use sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation for irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation can evenly sprinkle water on the Poa annua plants and the soil surface, which is suitable for large-scale cultivation areas. Drip irrigation can accurately deliver water droplets to the vicinity of the plant roots, reduce water evaporation loss, and improve water utilization efficiency, especially suitable for areas with complex terrain or relatively scarce water resources. In the early growth stage of Poa annua, sprinkler irrigation can quickly moisten the soil and promote the rooting and germination of seedlings. In the later growth stage, combined with drip irrigation, it helps to control soil humidity and prevent root diseases caused by overwatering.

[0041] Irrigation frequency and water volume control: Determine the irrigation frequency and water volume according to the climate conditions and soil moisture in alpine regions. Generally, in the dry season or periods with less rainfall, irrigation is required 1 - 2 times a week. In the rainy season or when the soil humidity is high, the irrigation frequency can be appropriately reduced or irrigation can be stopped. The water volume for each irrigation should be such that the depth of the moistened soil reaches 15 - 20 cm. Soil moisture monitors can be set up in the field to monitor soil moisture in real time, and the irrigation time and water volume can be adjusted according to the monitoring results. For example, when the soil moisture drops below 60% of the field capacity, irrigation should be carried out in a timely manner. When the soil moisture reaches more than 80% of the field capacity, irrigation should be suspended.

[0042] A large amount of organic fertilizer has been applied as basal fertilizer in combination with soil improvement before planting. However, during the growth process of Poa annua, basal fertilizer still needs to be supplemented in a timely manner according to its growth situation. Generally, before the annual spring green-up or during autumn planting, 15 - 20 kg of compound fertilizer (nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium ratio is 15:15:15) is top-dressed per mu. The fertilization method can be broadcasting followed by ploughing or furrow application, etc., to evenly apply the fertilizer into the soil. Compound fertilizer can provide comprehensive nutrient support for Poa annua, promoting its root development, stem and leaf growth, and tillering.

[0043] Topdressing Strategy Topdressing in the early growth stage: One to two months after the planting of Poa annua, when the new leaves start to grow, conduct the first topdressing. At this time, mainly use nitrogen fertilizer, combined with appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to promote the rapid growth and tillering of the plants. Urea can be selected as the nitrogen fertilizer source, with a dosage of 5 - 8 kg per mu; superphosphate can be used as the phosphorus fertilizer source, with a dosage of 3 - 5 kg per mu; potassium chloride can be used as the potassium fertilizer source, with a dosage of 2 - 3 kg per mu. Dissolve the fertilizers in water to prepare a fertilizer solution with a concentration of 2% - 3%, and conduct foliar spraying or watering. When conducting foliar spraying, pay attention to doing it in the evening on a sunny day to avoid burning the leaves during high-temperature periods. When watering, evenly pour the fertilizer solution around the roots of the plants.

[0044] Topdressing in the mid-growth stage: During the peak growth period of Poa annua (from June to August), topdress once every 1 - 2 months according to its growth situation. At this stage, mainly use nitrogen fertilizer and appropriately increase the dosage of potassium fertilizer to meet the nutrient requirements of the plants for rapid growth. Quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate can be selected as the nitrogen fertilizer, with a dosage of 6 - 10 kg per mu; potassium sulfate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be selected as the potassium fertilizer, with a dosage of 3 - 5 kg per mu. The topdressing method can be hole application or strip application. Open shallow trenches between the rows or plants of the plants, apply the fertilizers into the trenches, and then cover the soil and water.

[0045] Topdressing in the late growth stage: After September, as the temperature gradually decreases, the growth rate of Poa annua slows down. At this time, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced, and the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be increased to improve the cold resistance and root activity of the plants. Diammonium phosphate can be selected as the topdressing fertilizer, with a dosage of 4 - 6 kg per mu; potassium sulfate has a dosage of 2 - 3 kg per mu. The fertilization method can be foliar spraying or root dressing, etc., and evenly apply the fertilizers on the plants or into the soil.

[0046] Division time: Conduct division propagation of Poa annua in the seasons when it grows vigorously, that is, in spring or autumn. Generally in April - May in spring, when the temperature is suitable and the plants start to germinate new buds; in September - October in autumn, the plants grow strong, and there is enough time for the divided plants to recover growth and take root after division.

[0047] Division method: Select the area of the Poa annua lawn with dense growth and well-developed roots as the object for division. First, divide the lawn into small areas of a certain area (such as 1m×1m), and then carefully dig out the lawn in the small area horizontally with a spade or shovel to a depth of about 15 - 20 cm, paying attention not to damage too many roots. Divide the dug-out lawn blocks into several small clusters, and each small cluster contains 3 - 5 bud eyes and part of the roots. Immediately transplant the divided small clusters to a new cultivation area. The transplanting method is the same as that for seedling planting. After planting, water in time to keep the soil moist and promote the small clusters to take root, germinate and grow.

[0048] Maintenance management after division: The small clusters after division and transplantation need to be carefully maintained; in the first week after transplantation, spray water once in the morning and once in the evening every day to keep the soil moist and the air humid; after one week, the frequency of spraying water can be gradually reduced, but the soil should still be kept moderately moist; at the same time, pay attention to observing the growth of the small clusters, and promptly remove weeds and pests and diseases; after the small clusters survive and start to grow new leaves, they can be maintained according to normal fertilization and irrigation management measures.

[0049] Inducing the growth of stolons by stolon propagation: During the growth period of Poa annua, induce the growth of stolons through appropriate pruning and management measures; when the height of the Poa annua lawn reaches 15 - 20 cm, the first pruning can be carried out, and the stubble height is 5 - 8 cm; the pruned lawn will be more ventilated and illuminated, which is beneficial to the growth and extension of stolons; in addition, reasonably controlling the amount of fertilization and the frequency of watering can also promote the growth of stolons; for example, appropriately increasing the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer during fertilization can promote tillering of the plants and the growth of stolons; keeping the soil moderately moist but not overly wet is beneficial to the healthy growth of roots and stolons.

[0050] Collection and transplantation of stolons: Regularly check the growth of stolons in the Poa annua lawn. When the stolons reach a certain length (generally 10 - 15 cm), they can be collected and transplanted; when collecting stolons, gently separate the stolons from the lawn with a small shovel or by hand, avoiding damage to the nodes and bud points on the stolons; cut the collected stolons into small sections, each section being 3 - 5 cm long, ensuring that each section has at least one node and one bud point; during transplantation, open shallow trenches (about 5 - 8 cm deep) in the cultivation area at a certain row spacing (such as 20 - 30 cm), place the small stolon sections flat in the trenches with the bud points facing up, then cover the soil and compact it and water to keep it moist; the management measures after transplantation are similar to the maintenance management after division propagation. Pay attention to keeping the soil moist and suitable temperature and light conditions to promote the rooting and germination of small stolon sections and their growth into new plants;

[0051] Common diseases and symptoms: The main diseases that are likely to occur in Poa annua in alpine regions are rust, powdery mildew, and leaf spot disease, etc.; Rust mainly harms the leaves and stems. At the initial stage of the disease, yellow or brown small spots appear on the leaves, which gradually expand and form blisters, and after bursting, rust-colored powder is scattered; Powdery mildew mainly occurs on the leaf surface. At the initial stage, a layer of white powder covers the leaves. When it is severe, the entire leaf is covered with a white powder layer, affecting photosynthesis; Leaf spot disease is manifested as irregular brown spots on the leaves, with unclear edges. The disease spots gradually expand and connect into patches, resulting in the yellowing and necrosis of the leaves.

[0052] Prevention and control measures: In terms of agricultural control, measures such as reasonable close planting, maintaining good ventilation and light transmission conditions, and timely removing diseased and damaged plant parts can effectively reduce the occurrence of diseases; at the initial stage of disease occurrence, timely cut off the diseased leaves and burn or bury them deeply to prevent the spread of the pathogen; in chemical control, select appropriate fungicides according to the type of disease for spray control; for rust, fungicides such as triadimefon or tebuconazole can be selected; for powdery mildew, fungicides such as carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl can be selected; for leaf spot, fungicides such as mancozeb or chlorothalonil can be selected; when spraying, it should be uniform and thorough to make the liquid medicine fully adhere to both sides of the leaves; generally spray once every 7 - 10 days, and spray continuously for 2 - 3 times; at the same time, pay attention to the rotation of pesticides to avoid the generation of drug resistance by pathogens.

[0053] Common pests and damages in pest control: The main pests that damage Poa annua in alpine regions are aphids, grubs, and wireworms, etc.; aphids mostly gather on the back of the leaves to suck the sap, resulting in leaf curling, yellowing, and growth retardation; grubs and wireworms mainly damage the roots and underground stems, biting the root tissues, causing poor growth, lodging, and even death of the plants.

[0054] Control methods: Physical control can adopt methods such as hanging yellow boards to trap aphids, manually catching grubs and wireworms, etc.; in chemical control, for aphids, insecticides such as imidacloprid or acetamiprid can be selected for spray control; for grubs and wireworms, agents such as phoxim or chlorpyrifos can be used for root irrigation; when using insecticides, pay attention to safe use of pesticides, strictly control the dosage and concentration according to the requirements of the pesticide instructions to avoid harm to the environment and human body; at the same time, biological control methods can be combined, such as releasing natural enemies of aphids (such as ladybugs, lacewings, etc.) to control the number of aphids;

[0055] Reasonable close planting and crop rotation: Through reasonable close planting, the Poa annua plants grow closely, reducing the growth space of weeds; implementing a crop rotation system can change the living environment of weeds, inhibiting the germination and growth of weed seeds; for example, rotating with leguminous crops can improve the soil fertility structure, and at the same time use the competitive effect of different crops on weeds to reduce the number of weeds.

[0056] Intertillage and weeding: Regularly carry out intertillage and weeding operations during the growth period of Poa annua; intertillage can not only loosen the soil, increase soil aeration, and promote root growth, but also turn the weed seeds in the surface soil layer into the deep soil layer to make it difficult to germinate, or hoe off the germinated weed seedlings together with their roots; the intertillage depth is generally 5 - 10 cm, and it has a better effect in the initial stage of weed growth.

[0057] Chemical weeding method, selection and use of herbicides: Select appropriate herbicides for chemical weeding according to the types of weeds; for broad-leaved weeds, selective herbicides such as bentazone and fomesafen can be selected; for gramineous weeds, haloxyfop-P-methyl and quizalofop-P-ethyl can be selected; when using herbicides, pay attention to strictly controlling the dosage, concentration and method according to the requirements of the instructions; generally, soil sealing treatment has a better effect before the emergence of weeds or in the seedling stage; for emerged weeds, foliar spraying can be carried out during the vigorous growth period; at the same time, avoid damage to Poa annua plants by herbicides, try to choose a windless day for spraying operations, and pay attention to the protection and cleaning of the nozzle.

[0058] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A stress-resistant cultivation method for bluegrass in alpine areas, characterized in that: The following steps are included: S1: Select an area with flat, open terrain and a certain slope to facilitate drainage as a cultivation site, and deep plowing in autumn, with a depth of 20-30 cm; at the same time, apply 3000-5000 kg of organic fertilizer, 1000-1500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 80-100 kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer; the organic fertilizer is preferably fully decomposed cattle and sheep manure, the decomposed farmyard manure is compost or manure, and the phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate; during the deep plowing process, the fertilizer is evenly mixed into the soil, and then the land is leveled to make the soil fine and without large lumps of soil; S2: According to the climate characteristics of the high-cold areas, select early-maturing varieties with strong tillering ability and strong cold resistance, such as "Nasu" and "Midnight". Pre-treat the seeds before sowing. Soak the seeds in warm water at 50-55℃ for 10-15 hours, stirring constantly during the period to make the seeds evenly heated. Then take out the seeds and cover them with wet cloth or sacks for germination. The germination temperature is maintained at 20-25℃. Rinse with water once a day. When most of the seeds are white, sow them in rows with a row spacing of 20-30 cm, a sowing depth of 1-2 cm, and a sowing amount of 10-15 kg per mu. S3: Use clean water sources for irrigation, and determine the frequency of irrigation according to soil moisture and weather conditions. In the early growth stage of Poa annua, soil moisture should be maintained at 60%-70%, and sprinkler or drip irrigation should be used to avoid soil compaction caused by flooding. As the plant grows, gradually increase the amount of irrigation, but avoid waterlogging.

2. The stress-resistant cultivation method of bluegrass in alpine areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: S4: During the growth period of bluegrass, topdress 2-3 times a year; in the spring green period, apply 6-10 kg of urea and 5-8 kg of potassium sulfate per mu to promote the green growth of the plants; in the summer growth period, apply 8-10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 4-6 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 3-5 kg ​​of potassium fertilizer per mu to increase the growth rate and tillering ability of the plants; in autumn, apply 4-6 kg of diammonium phosphate and 2-3 kg of potassium sulfate per mu to enhance the cold resistance of the plants; topdressing is done by furrow application or hole application, and soil and water are covered in time after fertilization to improve fertilizer utilization; S5: When the bluegrass grows to 5-6 leaves, carry out the first pruning, leaving a stubble height of 3-5 cm, and then prune every 2-3 months; pruning should be done on sunny days after the dew has dried, use a sharp mower or scissors, keep the cut smooth, and avoid tearing the plant; collect the clippings and compost them, and then use them as base fertilizer; S6: Regularly observe the growth of bluegrass to detect pests and diseases in time; for diseases such as rust and powdery mildew, use biological control in the early stage of the disease, release natural enemy insects or use biological pesticides for control; when the disease is serious, use chemical control and select corresponding fungicides for spraying control; for pests such as white grubs and wireworms, use a combination of physical and chemical control methods, such as installing insect traps to trap pests and using insecticides to irrigate the roots; S7: Use a combination of manual and mechanical weeding methods; in the early growth stage of Poa annua, perform manual weeding regularly to remove weeds in the field; as the plants grow, use a weeder for mechanical weeding, and control the weeding depth at 3-5 cm to avoid damaging the roots of Poa annua.

3. The stress-resistant cultivation method of bluegrass in alpine areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The base fertilizer also includes microbial agents, with an application amount of 2-3 kilograms per mu; the microbial agent is a composite agent containing beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum, which can improve soil fertility and enhance the disease resistance of plants.

4. The stress-resistant cultivation method of bluegrass in alpine areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: During seed pretreatment, soak the seeds in a 0.3%-0.5% carbendazim solution for 10-15 minutes to disinfect the seeds and prevent diseases.

5. The stress-resistant cultivation method of bluegrass in alpine areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: Topdressing is carried out by furrow application or hole application, and the soil is covered and watered in time after fertilization; the furrow application is to dig furrows between plant rows with a depth of 5-8 cm, apply fertilizer into the furrows and then cover with soil; hole application is to dig holes around the plants, apply fertilizer into the holes and then cover with soil. Both methods can improve fertilizer utilization.

6. The stress-resistant cultivation method of bluegrass in alpine areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: Irrigation is carried out by sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation to keep the soil moisture at 60%-70%. Sprinkler irrigation can evenly distribute water on the soil surface, while drip irrigation can directly drip water to the roots of the plants. Both irrigation methods can save water and avoid soil compaction.

7. The stress-resistant cultivation method of bluegrass in alpine areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The trimmed grass clippings are collected and composted, and then used as base fertilizer; when composting, add appropriate amounts of organic matter such as straw, livestock and poultry manure, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and speed up the composting process.

8. The stress-resistant cultivation method of bluegrass in alpine areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: Pest and disease control adopts a method that combines biological control with chemical control; biological control uses natural enemy insects such as predatory insects, parasitic insects or pathogenic microorganisms for control; chemical control uses high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides for spray control, and strictly controls the dosage and safe interval period in accordance with the pesticide instructions.

9. The stress-resistant cultivation method of bluegrass in alpine areas according to claim 8, characterized in that: Weed control adopts a combination of manual weeding and mechanical weeding. Manual weeding is carried out in the early stage of weed growth to uproot the weeds. Mechanical weeding is carried out during the vigorous growth period of weeds, using a weeder to cut the weeds, and the weeding depth is controlled at 3-5 cm to avoid damaging the roots of Poa annua.

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