Rice seedling raising method and rice-wheat double cropping planting method

Abstract

The application provides a rice seedling raising method and a rice-wheat double cropping planting method, and relates to the technical field of rice planting.The method comprises the following steps: preparing seedling raising soil, preparing a seedling board, seed dressing, efficient seed dropping, seedling field non-chemical control management, and disease and pest control; no fertilizer or nutrient component compound is applied in the seedling raising soil, and no dwarfing agent or other dwarfing product containing chemical control components is used; no base fertilizer is applied in the process of preparing the seedling board; the seedling field non-chemical control management comprises water and fertilizer management for controlling the growth of rice.The application meets the demand of normal seedling growth at different periods for scale planting; reduces the seedling raising cost and the labor and mechanical input; the height and growth rate of the seedlings can be controlled, which meets the demand of scale planting and transplanting, and early planting can solve the problem of insufficient filling and yield reduction caused by low temperature cold damage in the late period of late-maturing machine-transplanted rice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rice cultivation technology, specifically relating to a rice seedling raising method and a rice-wheat double crop rotation planting method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, hybrid rice machine transplanting technology has gradually matured, showing a trend of replacing traditional seedling throwing and hand planting methods. The key to high yield of machine-transplanted rice lies in cultivating standardized and robust seedlings. By cultivating robust seedlings, combined with high-quality mechanical transplanting and scientific field management methods, the goal of high-quality and high-yield rice can be achieved.

[0003] With the changing landscape of rice production, especially the expansion of large-scale planting areas and the narrowing of planting profit margins, more and more large-scale farmers are choosing machine-transplanted late-maturing, high-yield, and high-quality rice to achieve the comprehensive goal of increasing yield per unit area and improving efficiency. They are also increasingly favoring simple and safe seedling raising methods to meet the needs of cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

[0004] Under large-scale planting conditions, the current methods of machine-transplanted small seedlings and medium-to-large seedlings have the following shortcomings: (1) High seedling cost. Whether it is a small seedling or a medium-to-large seedling, the seedlings are provided with continuous nutrition by enriching the seedling soil (or using a substrate instead). The usual practice for enriching the seedling soil is to spread fertilizer on the surface of the field and till it in advance, then crush and sieve the soil and mix it with seedling fertilizer or seedling strengthening agent. Then, the base fertilizer is applied when preparing the seedbed. To cultivate medium-to-large seedlings, the enrichment intensity needs to be increased on the basis of the above steps, and several fertilizers should be applied after the seedlings have 2-3 leaves to promote growth. At the same time, chemical control should be carried out in stages according to the seedling condition. All of the above operations require a lot of manual or mechanical work and a lot of physical and chemical products. The procedures are complicated and the cost is high. Although the substrate has been widely used, its seedling cost is higher than that of traditional nutrient soil. In addition, its fertilizer retention effect is poor, making it difficult to provide continuous nutrition for cultivating medium-to-large seedlings. (2) High safety risk. This manifests in two aspects. As many farmers are not proficient in fertilization and chemical control techniques during seedling raising, there are often cases of seedling burn due to excessive fertilization or seedling failure due to improper chemical control. In addition, compared with transplanting and hand planting, machine transplanting shortens the entire growth period of rice to some extent. For example, late-maturing rice varieties are more susceptible to the effects of "cold dew wind" in the later stages of machine transplanting, leading to reduced yield. For example, the Huaibei area, as the northern edge of the hybrid rice advantage zone, has seen a rapid increase in the area of ​​machine-transplanted hybrid rice in recent years. However, the machine-transplanted seedlings often encounter the problem of insufficient grain filling due to low temperatures in the later stages, which not only reduces rice yield but also significantly delays wheat sowing due to the late rice harvest. The "double delay" results in low annual yields of rice and wheat. Machine-transplanted late-maturing japonica rice also encounters the same problem. (3) High technical difficulty. With the expansion of large-scale rice cultivation, the transplanting time for machine-transplanted rice is longer, and more fertilizer is applied to the seedbed and nursery soil, with multiple top-dressings during the seedling stage. This creates conditions for seedlings to become "over-aged," resulting in poor quality. Transplanting over-aged seedlings leads to low survival rates and ultimately low yields, and sometimes even a lack of seedlings for transplanting. If a "segmented" seedling raising method is used, delayed sowing shortens the entire growth period of rice, which also easily brings maturity risks. If the same sowing date is used or sowing is done earlier, most large-scale farmers still find it difficult to control top-dressing and chemical control techniques, and improper operation can easily lead to seedling failure and losses. For large-scale farmers, it is quite difficult to scientifically plan the seedling raising process, easily and safely control the growth and transplanting progress of seedlings, and thus fully tap the yield potential of rice. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One objective of this invention is to provide a rice seedling raising method suitable for large-scale cultivation of late-maturing rice; meeting the need for normally growing seedlings available for transplanting at different planting stages under large-scale cultivation conditions. It simplifies the process of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising, making it easier for large-scale farmers to operate; it ensures the safe maturation of late-maturing rice, achieving high and stable rice yields, and increasing the income of large-scale rice farmers.

[0006] The second objective of this invention is to provide a rice-wheat double cropping rotation method that allows for earlier seedling raising, promotes the normal maturity of late-maturing machine-transplanted rice, ultimately resulting in higher yields and planting benefits, and allows for earlier stubble clearing, creating conditions for achieving year-round high yields.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] This invention provides a method for rice seedling raising, comprising the following steps: seedling soil preparation, seedling board preparation, seed dressing with pesticides, efficient seed dropping, and seedling field management without chemical control and pest and disease control;

[0009] No nutrient-containing compounds, including fertilizers, are applied to the seedling soil, nor are any seedling-strengthening agents or other dwarfing products containing chemical control ingredients used.

[0010] No base fertilizer is applied during the preparation of the seedling board;

[0011] The seedling field management without chemical control includes controlling rice growth by water management, and applying urea containing 45% to 48% nitrogen once 5 to 10 days before transplanting seedlings, with the amount of urea being 6.0 to 10 kg / mu.

[0012] The steps for controlling rice growth through water management include: after transplanting seedlings, dry management of the remaining untransplanted seedlings; if the soil in the seedling trays becomes dry and cracked or the seedlings develop leaf curling, timely watering is carried out.

[0013] Preferably, the preparation of the seedling soil includes taking the top 2-3 cm of soil from the deeply plowed field, and applying it at a rate of 3-5 m³ per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) of seedling bed. 3 Prepare seedling soil, the amount of soil taken at one time can meet the needs of 2 to 3 years; use a seedling soil crusher to crush the soil, the diameter of the crushed soil particles is 4 to 9 mm; the seedling soil material is only soil; the seedling soil is used to include the seedling bottom soil and the seedling covering soil.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation of the seedling soil also includes piling the crushed soil into a mound 100-150cm high, sealing it with black plastic film one month before seedling cultivation, and keeping it in a state of fermentation for later use.

[0015] Preferably, the seed dressing involves mixing 60g of 4% fludioxonil·thiamethoxam suspension seed dressing agent with 140g of water per 10kg of dry rice seeds, mixing thoroughly with a seed dressing machine, and then drying for later use.

[0016] Preferably, the sowing time includes sowing 10-15 days earlier than the local conventional seedling raising time; the late-maturing rice is selected from one or more of conventional japonica rice, hybrid indica rice, and indica-japonica hybrid rice; the sowing rate of conventional japonica rice is 110-130g / tray, the sowing rate of hybrid rice is 60-80g / tray, and the sown rice is dry seed.

[0017] Preferably, the high-efficiency seedling trays also include sun-drying the seedling trays after sowing for 2-3 hours, and then covering them with non-woven fabric; installing a sprinkler irrigation device in the seedbed for water management, wherein the water management includes immersing the trays in a water layer 1-2 cm above the tray surface for 24-30 hours, allowing the water to drain naturally, and then applying a water-filled basin to soak the tray surface 1-2 days later.

[0018] Preferably, pest and disease control is carried out twice during the seedling raising process. The first pest and disease control is carried out when the seedlings have one leaf and one heart leaf stage, by spraying with pesticide composition A diluted in 20 kg of water per mu. Pest and disease composition A, per mu, includes 50-100 g of 30% cypermethrin·oxadixyl soluble concentrate, 10-20 g of 80% pymetrozine·pymetrozine water-dispersible granules, and 140-160 g of 70% propineb wettable powder. The second pest and disease control is carried out 3 days before seedling transplanting, by spraying with pesticide composition B diluted in 30 kg of water. Pest and disease composition B, per mu, includes 30-40 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 20-30 mL of 10% trifluralin suspension, 40-60 mL of 24% thifluzamide suspension, and 100-150 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension.

[0019] Preferably, the method is applicable to large-scale cultivation of late-maturing rice; the large-scale cultivation refers to a single operator cultivating 33.3 hm² of rice. 2 The above-mentioned land is operated by individuals or families.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for rice-wheat double crop rotation, comprising the following steps: cultivating seedlings using the above-mentioned seedling raising method, and after wheat harvesting, transplanting the seedlings by machine and managing them conventionally until harvest.

[0021] Preferably, after cultivating rice seedlings and before machine transplanting, the seedlings are prepared at a ratio of hybrid rice seedlings of 1:110-130 or conventional rice seedlings of 1:80-100.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] This invention provides a method for raising rice seedlings by machine transplanting. It reduces seedling raising costs, manpower, and machinery input, and allows for controllable seedling height and growth rate. This meets the needs of large-scale planting and early sowing solves the problem of insufficient grain filling and yield reduction in late-maturing machine-transplanted rice due to low temperatures. The method offers high seedling raising safety, increases yield, saves costs and increases efficiency, and is simple and easy to promote. This invention achieves the comprehensive goals of high yield, high quality, and high efficiency for machine-transplanted rice in large-scale planting through a single planting, segmented fertilization, and full-process water control. Compared with current techniques for raising small seedlings over large areas and medium-to-large seedlings over small areas, this method does not fertilize the seedling soil or seedbed, but only applies appropriate topdressing during the seedling stage. This prevents uneven fertilization during soil preparation that can cause "seedling burn" and also prevents excessive seedling growth that leads to a decline in quality. By improving the "microclimate" of seedling growth in the seedling tray, it reduces the seedling growth rate and significantly improves the safety of seedling raising. Compared to conventional seedling raising methods, this method is more conducive to the later growth of late-maturing rice, avoiding low-temperature damage and ensuring high and stable yields. Compared to raising medium and large seedlings, it reduces operational procedures and eliminates the need for any additional chemical control products. In summary, the total nitrogen fertilizer usage during the seedling raising process using this invention is reduced by 65.47%–76.32% compared to the other three methods, and the number of workers required per mu (unit of land area) in the seedbed is reduced by 2–3. Under large-scale planting conditions, for late-maturing machine-transplanted hybrid rice or conventional japonica rice, the actual yield of rice raised using this method is higher than that raised with smaller seedlings. Similarly, under timely transplanting conditions, the actual yield is slightly lower than that raised with medium and large seedlings, but the average actual yield is 8.54%–15.69% higher than the other three seedling raising methods, ultimately resulting in cost savings and increased income of 159.07–258.85 yuan / mu. Detailed Implementation

[0024] This invention provides a method for rice seedling cultivation, comprising the following steps: preparation of seedling soil, preparation of seedling trays, seed dressing with pesticides, seed sowing, and seedbed management without chemical control and pest and disease prevention; the seedling soil does not contain any nutrient-containing compounds, including fertilizers, and no seedling-strengthening agents or other dwarfing products containing chemical control components are used; no base fertilizer is applied during seedling tray preparation; the seedbed management without chemical control includes water management to control rice growth, applying urea containing 45%–48% nitrogen once 5–10 days before transplanting, at a dosage of 6.0–10 kg / mu; the water management steps include: after transplanting seedlings, dry management of the remaining untransplanted seedlings, and timely watering if the seedling tray soil becomes dry and cracked or the seedlings show leaf curling; this method is suitable for large-scale planting of late-maturing rice; large-scale planting refers to a single operator cultivating 33.3 hm². 2 The above-mentioned land is operated by individuals or families.

[0025] In this invention, the seedling soil is simply soil and does not contain any other substrate or nutrients. As one possible implementation, the seedling soil preparation includes taking the top 2-3 cm of soil from a deeply plowed field and applying it at a rate of 3-5 m³ per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) of seedling bed. 3 Prepare seedling soil, with a single batch sufficient for 2-3 years of use. Use a seedling soil pulverizer to crush the soil, reducing the diameter of the crushed particles to 4-9 mm. The seedling soil material consists only of soil; it includes both the base soil and the seed-covering soil. The preparation of the seedling soil also includes piling the crushed soil into a 100-150 cm high mound, sealing it with black plastic film one month before seedling cultivation, and storing it for later use. Covering the seedling soil with black plastic film in this invention is for sun-drying and high-temperature sterilization, killing pests, diseases, and weeds in the soil.

[0026] In this invention, the seedling board should meet the requirements of being "smooth, flat, and straight," meaning that the surface of the seedling board is free of straw and other debris, the height difference within the same seedling board is less than 1 cm, the height difference between seedling boards is less than 2 cm, and the seedling board runs in a straight east-west or north-south direction depending on actual production needs; as one possible implementation, the seedling board is chosen to run in a straight north-south direction. After the seedling soil is taken from the above-mentioned seedbed, the seedbed is tilled once; preferably, furrows are dug with a bed width of 1.3-1.5 m, a furrow width of 25-35 cm, and a depth of 20-30 cm; more preferably, furrows are dug with a bed width of 1.4 m, a furrow width of 30 cm, and a depth of 25 cm; the furrows run in a straight direction; after digging the furrows, straw and other debris on the bed surface are manually removed. Under dry conditions, the bed surface is flattened using a rolling press, and the bed surface is manually leveled according to the above-mentioned height difference requirements. In this invention, not fertilizing the seedling soil and seedbed can prevent the "seedling burn" phenomenon caused by uneven fertilizer mixing when preparing nutrient soil, and can also prevent seedlings from growing too vigorously "beyond their age".

[0027] In this invention, the seed treatment agent is used to control rice bakanae disease, rice damping-off, seedbed thrips, and rice bacterial leaf streak; it also promotes root growth and seedling development. As one possible implementation, the seed treatment agent is used to treat dry rice seeds with a 4% fludioxonil·thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent. Preferably, 60g of the 4% fludioxonil·thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent is mixed with 140g of water for every 10kg of dry rice seeds, stirred, and then mixed thoroughly using a seed treatment machine before drying.

[0028] In this invention, the rice seedling tray placement process mainly includes sowing, tray arrangement, covering with non-woven fabric, and watering. The rice seedling tray placement is a high-efficiency process, using a self-propelled rice seedling raising and sowing tray placement machine to sow pesticide-treated rice seeds; the process of filling the bottom soil, sowing, covering with soil, leveling, and tray arrangement is completed in one operation. As one possible implementation, the rice seedling tray placement process includes sowing 10-15 days earlier than the local conventional seedling raising and sowing time; the late-maturing rice is selected from one or more of conventional japonica rice, hybrid indica rice, and indica-japonica hybrid rice; the sowing rate for conventional japonica rice is 110-130g / tray, and the sowing rate for hybrid rice is 60-80g / tray, with the sown rice seeds being dry seeds. Preferably, the bottom soil is filled at the bottom of the seedling tray, with a soil thickness of 2-3cm; after sowing, the seedlings are covered with soil, with a soil thickness of 1-1.5cm. After sowing, the soil is leveled. The sown seedling trays are then exposed to direct sunlight for 2-3 hours to kill weeds in the soil. Afterward, they are covered with non-woven fabric. In this invention, a sprinkler irrigation system is installed in the seedbed for water management after sowing. This water management includes spraying a water layer 1-2 cm above the tray surface with the sprinkler irrigation system 1-5 days after sowing, soaking for 24-30 hours, allowing the water to drain naturally, and then applying a second layer of water to completely submerge the tray surface 1-2 days later. Preferably, the soaking time is 28 hours, followed by allowing the water to drain naturally, and then applying a second layer of water to completely submerge the tray surface 1 day later.

[0029] In this invention, the chemical-free management of the seedbed refers to seedbed management where there are no nutrient sources in the seedling soil and seedbed, and seedling height and growth rate are controlled by water control. As one possible implementation, this chemical-free management includes: removing the non-woven fabric when the seedling has one leaf and one bud, and then ventilating and hardening off the seedlings. This invention can improve the "microclimate" of seedling growth in the seedling tray through water and fertilizer control, reducing the seedling growth rate and significantly improving the safety factor of seedling raising.

[0030] In this invention, pest and disease control is carried out twice during the seedling raising process. As one possible implementation, the first pest and disease control is carried out at the one-leaf-one-heart stage of the seedlings: the drug composition A is mixed and diluted with 20 kg of water per acre for spraying. The drug composition A for the first pest and disease control, preferably per acre, consists of 50-100 g of 30% cypermethrin·oxadixyl soluble concentrate, 10-20 g of 80% pymetrozine·dimethoate water-dispersible granules, and 140-160 g of 70% propineb wettable powder; more preferably, it consists of 50-70 g of 30% cypermethrin·oxadixyl soluble concentrate, 10-15 g of 80% pymetrozine·dimethoate water-dispersible granules, and 140-145 g of 70% propineb wettable powder. The objective of the first pest and disease control in this invention is to prevent seedling blight, rice blast, rice thrips, and other pests and diseases. As one possible implementation method, the second pest and disease control is carried out 3 days before seedling transplanting, by mixing drug composition B with 30 kg of water and spraying. The drug composition B, per acre, preferably consists of 30-40 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 20-30 mL of 10% trifluralin suspension, 40-60 mL of 24% thifluzamide suspension, and 100-150 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension; more preferably, it consists of 30-35 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 25-30 mL of 10% trifluralin suspension, 40-50 mL of 24% thifluzamide suspension, and 100-110 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension. The objective of the second pest and disease control in this invention is to prevent rice sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, and rice leaf roller during the field stage.

[0031] This invention also provides a method for rice-wheat double-cropping rotation. Rice seedlings are cultivated using the above-mentioned seedling raising method. After the wheat harvest, the rice seedlings are machine-transplanted and managed conventionally until harvest. The rice seedling cultivation time is 10-15 days earlier than the conventional seedling raising time. As an example implementation, the hybrid rice is selected from either Japonica rice Yongyou 2640 or Indica rice Quanliangyou 1606; the conventional rice is selected from Nanjing 9108. When treating the seeds with pesticides, it is preferred to prepare rice seeds at a dry seeding rate of 120g / tray for Nanjing 9108 and / or 70g / tray for Yongyou 2640; and at a dry seeding rate of 70g / tray for Indica rice Quanliangyou 1606. As an optional implementation, the seedlings are prepared at a hybrid rice seedling ratio of 1:110-130 or a conventional rice seedling ratio of 1:80-100. Preferably, rice seedlings are prepared at a hybrid rice seedling ratio of 1:110–130 and / or a conventional rice seedling ratio of 1:80–100. As an example implementation, seedlings are prepared at a ratio of 1:85 for Nanjing 9108, 1:125 for Yongyou 2640, and 1:125 for Quanliangyou 1606. In this invention, because a pesticide composition is sprayed 3 days before transplanting during seedling cultivation, the rice seedlings are transplanted with the pesticide, preventing the occurrence of pests and diseases in the field; these pests and diseases include rice sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, and rice leaf roller.

[0032] The seedling raising method of the present invention is primarily applicable to machine-transplanted rice grown on a large scale in the Huaibei region. Other rice-growing areas with similar production conditions and ecological environments can refer to this method for implementation.

[0033] In this invention, the seedling-to-field ratio refers to the ratio of the seedbed to the paddy field. The seed-covering soil refers to the soil covering the seedlings after sowing. The conventional seedling raising time in the Huaibei region is generally chosen in mid-to-late May.

[0034] The seedling raising method provided by this invention can meet the practical needs of large-scale planting, reduce the seedling raising and fertilization process, improve the seedling raising safety factor, and reduce the labor and material input for seedling raising. The method is simple and easy to operate. Based on the harvest time of the previous wheat crop and the land preparation conditions, fertilizer and water are regulated as needed for seedling growth. By controlling water and adjusting fertilizer, the risk of rapid decline in seedling quality or even no seedlings available for planting due to "over-aged" seedlings is avoided. It meets the need for normally growing seedlings available for planting at different stages of large-scale planting. The maximum seedling age can reach 50 days.

[0035] The planting method provided by this invention is a rice-wheat double-cropping rotation method, mainly involving the rice planting portion. In this invention, rice is rotated after the wheat harvest. Under large-scale planting conditions, seedlings are first cultivated. After the wheat harvest, late-maturing hybrid rice or conventional japonica rice seedlings are machine-transplanted and managed conventionally until harvest. Using the above seedling cultivation method, the seedling growth rate can be controlled by fertilization and irrigation. If timely transplanting is required, seedlings of suitable area are selected based on the area of ​​the transplanting field, and topdressing is applied in advance to promote vigorous growth. This invention can advance seedling cultivation, promote the normal maturity of late-maturing machine-transplanted rice, ultimately achieving higher yields and planting benefits, and can also clear the stubble earlier, creating conditions for achieving year-round high yields.

[0036] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description of the machine-transplanted rice seedling raising method and machine-transplanted rice planting method provided by the present invention is provided in conjunction with the embodiments, but these should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The experimental materials used in this invention and their sources include:

[0038] The hybrid indica rice variety Quanliangyou 1606 was purchased from Anhui Quanyin High-Tech Seed Industry Co., Ltd.

[0039] The late-maturing medium-grain japonica variety Nanjing 9108 was purchased from Jiangsu Gaoke Seed Industry Technology Co., Ltd.

[0040] The hybrid japonica rice variety Yongyou 2640 was purchased from Ningbo Yongyou Seed Industry Co., Ltd.

[0041] 4% fludioxonil·thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent was purchased from Shaanxi Xida Huate Technology Industry Co., Ltd.

[0042] 30% methylphenidate·oxadixyl soluble concentrate, purchased from Zhejiang Heben Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0043] 80% acetamiprid·pymetrozine water-dispersible granules were purchased from Lianyungang Liben Crop Technology Co., Ltd.

[0044] 70% propineb wettable powder, purchased from Bayer AG;

[0045] 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension was purchased from Zhejiang Tianfeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0046] 10% trifluoropyrimidine suspension concentrate, purchased from Corteva Agriscience Ltd.;

[0047] 24% thifluzamide suspension concentrate, purchased from Corteva Agriscience Ltd.;

[0048] 40% tricyclazole suspension concentrate, purchased from Zhejiang Heben Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0049] "Jiewei" rice seedling strengthening agent was purchased from Wuxi Fangqian Jiewei Seedling Strengthening Agent Co., Ltd.

[0050] Unless otherwise specified, the test methods described in the following examples are conventional methods;

[0051] Unless otherwise specified, all reagents and materials mentioned are commercially available.

[0052] In the following embodiments, the experimental method mainly involves the rice planting portion of a rice-wheat double-cropping rotation method. After the previous wheat crop is harvested, rice is rotated under large-scale planting conditions, with machine transplanting of late-maturing hybrid rice or conventional japonica rice seedlings. Seedlings are first cultivated, and after the wheat harvest, they are machine transplanted and managed conventionally until harvest.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] The experiment was conducted at Wei Yulin Family Farm (33°.85′N, 118°.99′E) in Liulaozhuang Town, Huaiyin District, Huai'an City, covering a planting area of ​​80 hm². 2 The farm has one rice transplanter and two land preparation machines. The main work is done by the family themselves, and the steps are as follows:

[0055] (1) Preparation of seedling soil: On November 25, 2021, the selected seedbed was deeply plowed to a depth of 19.3 cm; on March 18, 2022, the plowed seedbed soil was deeply rotated once; the top 2-3 cm of soil from the deeply plowed field was taken and 3-5 m³ of soil was prepared per mu of seedbed. 3 Prepare seedling soil, with enough soil to last for 2-3 years; use a seedling soil pulverizer to crush the soil into particles with a diameter of 4-9mm; pile the crushed soil into a mound 100-150cm high, cover the surface with thick black mulch, and mound the seedling soil for later use; do not apply any fertilizer or nutrient-containing compounds during the entire seedling soil preparation process, and prohibit the use of any seedling growth agents or other dwarfing products containing chemical growth regulators;

[0056] (2) Seedling board preparation: On April 15, 2022, after taking the seedling soil from the above-mentioned seedling field, the seedling field was tilled once, and furrows were dug with a width of 1.4m, a width of about 30cm, and a depth of about 25cm, running straight from north to south; after digging the furrows, straw and other debris on the seedling surface were picked up manually; the seedling surface was compacted using a rolling machine, and the seedling surface was manually leveled with a height difference of 0.7cm on the same seedling board and a height difference of 1.4cm between seedling boards; no base fertilizer was applied during the seedling bed preparation process;

[0057] (3) Seed dressing: Select the late-maturing medium-grained japonica variety Nanjing 9108 (with a safe maturity period of about 160 days in the local area) and hybrid japonica rice Yongyou 2640 (with a safe maturity period of about 160 days in the local area) that have passed the germination rate test in the early stage. Prepare rice seeds according to the following dry seed sowing rates: 120g / tray for Nanjing 9108 and 70g / tray for Yongyou 2640. Use 4% fludioxonil·thiamethoxam suspension seed dressing agent to mix the dry rice seeds. For every 10kg of dry rice seeds, use 60g of seed dressing agent to mix with 140g of water and stir. Mix evenly with a seed dressing machine and dry for later use.

[0058] (4) High-efficiency rice seedling laying: On May 10, 2022, the above-mentioned spare rice seeds were sown using a self-propelled rice seedling raising and sowing tray machine; the bottom soil filling, sowing, covering, leveling and tray placement were completed in one go; the bottom soil of the seedling tray was 2-3cm thick, and the top soil layer after sowing was 1-1.5cm thick; the seedling trays were placed and exposed to the sun for 2-3 hours to kill the weeds in the seedling soil on the tray surface, and then covered with non-woven fabric; sprinkler irrigation devices were installed in the seedling field for water management. On May 15, a water layer exceeding the surface of the tray was constructed using sprinkler irrigation facilities and soaked for 28 hours. After the water dried naturally, the tray surface was flooded with running water one day later.

[0059] (5) Non-chemical management of seedling beds: On May 25, when the seedlings have one leaf and one heart, the non-woven fabric is removed for ventilation and hardening; according to the wheat harvest and land preparation progress, on June 4, seedlings for transplanting to the main field are reserved at a ratio of 1:85 for Nanjing 9108 and 1:125 for Yongyou 2640, enough for 200 mu of main field (100 mu for each variety), and 6 kg of urea (containing 46% N) is applied per mu of seedling bed to promote growth. On June 11, the seedlings are transplanted to the main field by machine; the remaining untransplanted seedlings are managed in dry conditions, and if the soil in the seedling trays becomes dry and cracked or the seedlings show leaf curling, water is applied immediately; during this period, according to the transplanting progress, on June 9, according to The above-mentioned seedling ratio reserves 280 mu of paddy field seedlings (180 mu for Nanjing 9108 and 100 mu for Yongyou 2640), applying 8 kg of urea (containing 46% N) per mu as topdressing to promote strong growth, and transplanting begins on June 15th; on June 19th, the above-mentioned seedling ratio reserves 200 mu of paddy field seedlings (100 mu for each of the two varieties), applying 8 kg of urea (containing 46% N) per mu as topdressing to promote strong growth, and transplanting begins on June 25th; on June 24th, the remaining seedlings are applied 10 kg of urea (containing 46% N) per mu as topdressing to promote strong growth, and transplanting begins on July 2nd;

[0060] (6) Pest and disease control:

[0061] The first pest and disease control should be carried out at the one-leaf-one-heart stage of the rice seedlings. Spray with pesticide composition A, which, per acre, consists of 70 grams of 30% carbendazim·hymexazol soluble concentrate, 15 grams of 80% pymetrozine·dimethoate water-dispersible granules, and 145 grams of 70% propineb wettable powder. Mix pesticide composition A with 20 kg of water per acre and spray to prevent seedling blight, rice blast, rice thrips, and other pests and diseases.

[0062] For seedlings at different transplanting periods, a second round of pest and disease control should be carried out 3 days before transplanting. For each acre of seedbed, apply pesticide composition B: 35 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 27 mL of 10% trifluralin suspension, 49 mL of 24% thifluzamide suspension, and 110 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension. Mix the mixture with 30 kg of water and spray once. Transplant the seedlings with the pesticide applied to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases in the field. Pests and diseases in the field include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, and rice leaf roller.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] (1) Preparation of seedling soil: The seedling soil prepared in Example 1 last year was selected;

[0065] (2) Seedling board preparation: On April 10, 2023, the reserved seedbed was deeply plowed to a depth of 15-18cm. Ditches were dug with a width of 1.4m, a width of about 30cm, and a depth of about 25cm. The ditches were straight. After digging the ditches, straw and other debris on the seedbed were picked up manually. The seedbed was compacted using a rolling machine. The seedbed was leveled manually with a height difference of 0.6cm on the same seedling board and a height difference of 1.5cm between seedling boards. No base fertilizer was applied during the seedbed preparation process.

[0066] (3) Seed dressing: Select hybrid indica rice Quanliangyou 1606 (local safe maturity full growth period of about 156 days) that has passed the germination rate test in the early stage, and prepare rice seeds according to the dry seed sowing rate of 70g / tray; use 4% fludioxonil·thiamethoxam suspension seed dressing agent to mix the dry rice seeds. For every 10kg of dry rice seeds, use 60g of seed dressing agent to mix with 130g of water and stir. Use a seed dressing machine to mix evenly and dry for later use.

[0067] (4) Efficient valley drop: Same as step (4) in Example 1, except that the valley drop time is May 9, 2023. On May 13, a water layer exceeding the surface of the basin is constructed using sprinkler irrigation facilities and soaked for 28 hours. After the water naturally dries up, the basin is flooded with running water one day later.

[0068] (5) Non-chemical management of seedling beds: Same as step (5) in Example 1, except that on May 23, the non-woven fabric is removed for ventilation and hardening of seedlings; according to the wheat harvest and land preparation progress, on June 3, enough seedlings for 180 mu of paddy fields are reserved for transplanting at a seedling-to-large ratio of 1:125, and 6 kg of urea (containing 46% N) is applied per mu of seedling bed to promote growth; on June 10, the seedlings are transplanted by machine in the paddy fields; the remaining untransplanted seedlings are managed in dry conditions, and if the soil in the seedbeds becomes dry and cracked or the seedlings show leaf curling, water is applied in time; during this period, according to the transplanting progress, On June 7th, 300 mu of seedlings were reserved for paddy fields according to the above seedling ratio. 8 kg of urea (containing 46% N) was applied per mu of seedbed as topdressing to promote strong growth, and transplanting began on June 15th. On June 18th, 200 mu of seedlings were reserved for paddy fields according to the above seedling ratio. 7.5 kg of urea (containing 46% N) was applied per mu of seedbed as topdressing to promote strong growth, and transplanting began on June 23rd. On June 22nd, the remaining seedlings were applied per mu of seedbed as topdressing to promote strong growth, and transplanting began on July 1st.

[0069] (6) Pest and disease control:

[0070] For the first pest and disease control, spray pesticide composition A at the one-leaf-one-heart stage of the rice seedlings. Pest and disease composition A is calculated per acre as follows: 50 grams of 30% cypermethrin·oxadixyl soluble concentrate, 10 grams of 80% pymetrozine·pymetrozine water-dispersible granules, and 140 grams of 70% propineb wettable powder. Mix the above pesticide composition A with 20 kg of water per acre and spray to prevent seedling blight, rice blast, rice thrips, and other pests and diseases.

[0071] For seedlings at different transplanting periods, a second round of pest and disease control should be carried out 3 days before transplanting. For each acre of seedbed, apply pesticide composition B: 30 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 25 mL of 10% trifluralin suspension, 40 mL of 24% thifluzamide suspension, and 100 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension, mixed with 30 kg of water and sprayed once. Transplant the seedlings with the pesticide applied to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases in the field. Pests and diseases in the field include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, and rice leaf roller.

[0072] The comparative ratio is set up to compare the seedling quality, transplanting effect, field yield and final income of different seedling raising methods throughout the system. It refers to the seedling raising methods of medium and large seedlings commonly used in production, and simulates the "over-aged" problem often encountered in large-scale planting. The corresponding transplanting field area in each treatment of the comparative ratio is set to 1 to 2.5 mu.

[0073] Comparative Example 1

[0074] The experiment was conducted at Wei Yulin Family Farm (33°.85′N, 118°.99′E) in Liu Laozhuang Town, Huaiyin District, Huai'an City. The goal was to cultivate robust seedlings of appropriate age. However, considering the practicalities of large-scale planting, additional treatments were set up in the experiment to delay the transplanting of seedlings by 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days to simulate the scenario of "over-aged" seedlings. The specific steps are as follows:

[0075] (1) The same as step (1) in Example 1, except that 20 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 15 kg of urea (N, 46%) are applied per mu before deep rotary rice paddy, and the soil is rotaryed twice to ensure that the fertilizer is mixed evenly.

[0076] (2) The same as step (2) in Example 1 is performed, except that 20 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) is applied per mu before rotary tillage of the seedbed to fertilize the seedbed.

[0077] (3) Perform the same steps as in Example 1 (3);

[0078] (4) The same as step (4) in Example 1 is performed; the difference is that the seeds are sown on May 21 and soaked in water on May 24.

[0079] (5) Seedling management: In accordance with the harvest time of the previous wheat crop and the progress of land preparation, all seedlings were fertilized with "transplanting fertilizer" on June 10. 5.0 kg of urea (containing 46% N) was applied per mu of seedling field. The seedlings were transplanted on June 19, June 24, June 29 and July 4 respectively.

[0080] (6) Pest and disease control:

[0081] The first pest and disease control should be carried out at the one-leaf-one-heart stage of the seedlings. Spray with pesticide composition A, which is 75 grams of 30% cymoxanil·hymexazol soluble concentrate and 20 grams of 80% pymetrozine·pymetrozine water-dispersible granules per acre. Mix the above pesticide composition A with 20 kg of water per acre and spray to prevent seedling blight, rice blast, rice thrips and other pest and disease damage.

[0082] For seedlings at different transplanting periods, a second round of pest and disease control should be carried out 3 days before transplanting. Apply pesticide composition B per mu of seedbed: 40 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 30 mL of 10% trifluralin suspension, and 60 mL of 24% thifluzamide suspension. Mix the mixture with 30 kg of water and spray once. Transplant the seedlings with the pesticide applied to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases in the field. Pests and diseases in the field include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, and rice leaf roller.

[0083] Comparative Example 2

[0084] The experiment was conducted at Wei Yulin Family Farm (33°.85′N, 118°.99′E) in Liu Laozhuang Town, Huaiyin District, Huai'an City. The goal was to cultivate medium-sized seedlings for transplanting. Considering practical production needs, treatments were set up to delay transplanting by 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days. The specific steps are as follows:

[0085] (1) The same as step (1) in Example 1 is performed, except that 30 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 17.5 kg of urea (N, 46%) is applied per mu before deep rotary seedling cultivation, and the soil is rotary-cultivated twice to ensure that the fertilizer is evenly mixed; 1 / 4 of the seedling soil is selected as the seed covering soil, and the remaining 3 / 4 of the seedling soil is mixed with 1.0-1.5 kg of "Jiewei" rice seedling strengthening agent per 100 kg as the seedling base soil;

[0086] (2) The same as step (2) in Example 1 is performed, except that 20 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 5.0 kg of urea (N, 46%) is applied per mu before rotary tillage of the seedbed to fertilize the seedbed.

[0087] (3) The same as step (3) in Example 1 is performed; the difference is that rice seeds are prepared according to the dry seed sowing amount of Nanjing 9108 is 105g / tray and the dry seed sowing amount of Yongyou 2640 is 60g / tray.

[0088] (4) Perform the same steps as in Example 1 (3); the difference is that the seeds are sown on May 15 and soaked in water on May 17.

[0089] (5) Seedling field management: In accordance with the local large-scale rice transplanting time, apply "transplanting fertilizer" on June 10, and apply 7.5 kg of urea (containing 46% N) per mu of seedling field. Transplanting will begin on June 17, June 22, June 27 and July 2 respectively.

[0090] (6) Disease and pest control: The first disease and pest control shall be carried out at the 1-leaf and 1-heart stage of the seedlings. Spray drug composition A, which is 100 grams of 30% cymoxanil·hymexazol soluble solution, 20 grams of 80% pymetrozine·pymetrozine water-dispersible granules and 162 grams of 70% propineb wettable powder per mu. Mix the above drug composition A and dilute it with 20 kg of water per mu for spraying to prevent seedling blight, rice blast, rice thrips and other diseases and pests.

[0091] For seedlings at different transplanting periods, a second round of pest and disease control should be carried out 3 days before transplanting. For each acre of seedbed, apply pesticide composition B: 40 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 32 mL of 10% trifluralin suspension, 60 mL of 24% thifluzamide suspension, and 100 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension. Mix the mixture with 30 kg of water and spray once. Transplant the seedlings with the pesticide applied to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases in the field. Pests and diseases in the field include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, and rice leaf roller.

[0092] Comparative Example 3

[0093] The experiment was conducted at Wei Yulin Family Farm (33°.85′N, 118°.99′E) in Liu Laozhuang Town, Huaiyin District, Huai'an City. The goal was to cultivate large seedlings for transplanting. Considering practical production needs, transplanting was delayed by 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days. The specific steps are as follows:

[0094] (1) The same as step (1) in Example 1 is performed, except that 30 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 17.5 kg of urea (N, 46%) is applied per mu before deep rotary seedling cultivation, and the soil is rotary-cultivated twice to ensure that the fertilizer is evenly mixed; 1 / 4 of the seedling soil is selected as the seed covering soil, and the remaining 3 / 4 of the seedling soil is mixed with 1.0-1.5 kg of "Jiewei" rice seedling strengthening agent per 100 kg as the seedling base soil;

[0095] (2) The same as step (2) in Example 1 is performed, except that 25 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 5.0 kg of urea (N, 46%) is applied per mu before rotary tillage of the seedbed to fertilize the seedling bed;

[0096] (3) The same as step (3) in Example 1 is performed; the difference is that rice seeds are prepared with a dry seeding amount of 100g / tray for Nanjing 9108 and 55g / tray for Yongyou 2640.

[0097] (4) Perform the same steps as in Example 1 (3); the difference is that the seeds are sown on May 10 and soaked in water on May 12.

[0098] (5) Chemical control management of seedling beds: According to the local large-scale rice transplanting time, spray 100g of 15% paclobutrazol per mu with 20kg of water on June 2nd for chemical control. Apply "transplanting fertilizer" on June 10th. Apply 7.5kg of urea (containing 46% N) per mu in seedling beds. Keep the seedling tray moist before the seedlings have 2 leaves and 1 heart stage. Keep the water layer outside when fertilizing. During the rest of the time, dry management is the main method. Transplanting will start on June 17th, June 22nd, June 27th and July 2nd respectively.

[0099] (6) Disease and pest control: The first disease and pest control is carried out at the 1-leaf and 1-heart stage of the seedlings. Spray drug composition A, which is 50 grams of 30% cymoxanil·hymexazol soluble solution and 22 grams of 80% pymetrozine·pymetrozine water-dispersible granules per mu. Mix the above drug composition A and dilute it with 20 kg of water per mu for spraying to prevent seedling blight, rice blast, rice thrips and other diseases and pests.

[0100] For seedlings at different transplanting periods, a second round of pest and disease control should be carried out 3 days before transplanting. Apply pesticide composition B per mu of seedbed: 40 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 60 mL of 24% thifluzamide suspension, and 152 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension. Mix the mixture with 30 kg of water and spray once. Transplant the seedlings with the pesticide applied to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases in the field. Pests and diseases in the field include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, and rice leaf roller.

[0101] Comparative Example 4

[0102] The experiment was conducted in April 2023 at Wei Yulin Family Farm (33°.85′N, 118°.99′E) in Liu Laozhuang Town, Huaiyin District, Huai'an City. The goal was to cultivate robust seedlings of appropriate age. However, considering the practicalities of large-scale planting, additional treatments were set up in the experiment to delay the transplanting of seedlings by 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days, in order to simulate the scenario of "over-aged" seedlings. The specific steps are as follows:

[0103] (1) The same as step (1) in Example 1 is performed, except that 17.5 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 16 kg of urea (N, 46%) are applied per mu before deep rotary rice paddy, and the soil is rotaryed twice to ensure that the fertilizer is mixed evenly.

[0104] (2) The same as step (2) in Example 1 is performed, except that 25 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) is applied per mu before rotary tillage of the seedbed to fertilize the seedling bed;

[0105] (3) Perform the same steps as in Example 1 (3); the difference is that the sowing amount of Quanliangyou 1606 is 75g of dry rice seeds per tray;

[0106] (4) Proceed as in step (4) of Example 1; the difference is that the seeds were sown on May 19 and soaked in water on May 21.

[0107] (5) Seedling management: In accordance with the harvest time of the previous wheat crop and the progress of land preparation, all seedlings were fertilized with "preparation fertilizer" on June 3. 5.0 kg of urea (containing 46% N) was applied per mu of seedling field. The seedlings were transplanted on June 10, June 17, June 26 and July 1 respectively.

[0108] (6) Pest and disease control:

[0109] The first pest and disease control should be carried out at the one-leaf-one-heart stage of the seedlings. Spray with pesticide composition A, which is 105 grams of 30% cymoxanil·hymexazol soluble concentrate and 9.5 grams of 80% pymetrozine·pymetrozine water-dispersible granules per acre. Mix the above pesticide composition A with 20 kg of water per acre and spray to prevent seedling blight, rice blast, rice thrips and other pests and diseases.

[0110] For seedlings at different transplanting periods, a second round of pest and disease control should be carried out 3 days before transplanting. Apply pesticide composition B per mu of seedbed: 45 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 65 mL of 24% thifluzamide suspension, and 100 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension. Mix the mixture with 30 kg of water and spray once. Transplant the seedlings with the pesticide applied to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases in the field. Pests and diseases in the field include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, and rice leaf roller.

[0111] Comparative Example 5

[0112] The experiment was conducted at Wei Yulin Family Farm (33°.85′N, 118°.99′E) in Liu Laozhuang Town, Huaiyin District, Huai'an City. The goal was to cultivate medium-sized seedlings for transplanting. Considering practical production needs, treatments were set up to delay transplanting by 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days. The specific steps are as follows:

[0113] (1) The same as step (1) in Example 1 is performed, except that 28.5 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 18 kg of urea (N, 46%) are applied per mu before deep rotary seedling cultivation, and the soil is rotary-cultivated twice to ensure that the fertilizer is evenly mixed; 1 / 4 of the seedling soil is selected as the seed covering soil, and the remaining 3 / 4 of the seedling soil is mixed with 1.0-1.5 kg of "Jiewei" rice seedling strengthening agent per 100 kg as the seedling base soil;

[0114] (2) The same as step (2) in Example 1 is performed, except that 25 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 5.2 kg of urea (N, 46%) is applied per mu before rotary tillage of the seedbed to fertilize the seedling bed;

[0115] (3) Proceed as in step (3) of Example 1; the difference is that the rice seeds are prepared at a dry seeding rate of 65g / tray for Quanliangyou 1606.

[0116] (4) Perform the same steps as in Example 1 (3); the difference is that the seeds are sown on May 14 and soaked in water on May 16.

[0117] (5) Seedling field management: In accordance with the local large-scale rice transplanting time, apply "transplanting fertilizer" on June 8th, and apply 7.0 kg of urea (containing 46% N) per mu of seedling field. Transplanting will begin on June 16th, June 21st, June 26th and July 1st respectively.

[0118] (6) Pest and disease control:

[0119] The first disease and pest control should be carried out at the 1-leaf-1-heart stage of the rice seedlings. Spray with pesticide composition A, which consists of 90 grams of 30% cymoxanil·hymexazol soluble concentrate and 25 grams of 80% pymetrozine·pymetrozine water-dispersible granules per acre. Mix the above pesticide composition A with 20 kg of water per acre and spray to prevent seedling blight, rice blast, rice thrips and other diseases and pests.

[0120] For seedlings at different transplanting periods, a second round of pest and disease control should be carried out 3 days before transplanting. Apply pesticide composition B per mu of seedbed: 35 mL of 10% trifluralin suspension, 61 mL of 24% thifluzamide suspension and 100 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension, mix and dilute with 30 kg of water and spray once. Transplant with the pesticide to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases in the field. Pests and diseases in the field include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, and rice leaf roller.

[0121] Comparative Example 6

[0122] The experiment was conducted at Wei Yulin Family Farm (33°.85′N, 118°.99′E) in Liu Laozhuang Town, Huaiyin District, Huai'an City. The goal was to cultivate large seedlings for transplanting. Considering practical production needs, transplanting was delayed by 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days. The specific steps are as follows:

[0123] (1) The same as step (1) in Example 1 is performed, except that 40 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 15.5 kg of urea (N, 46%) is applied per mu before deep rotary seedling cultivation, and the soil is rotary-cultivated twice to ensure that the fertilizer is evenly mixed; 1 / 4 of the seedling soil is selected as the seed covering soil, and the remaining 3 / 4 of the seedling soil is mixed with 1.0-1.5 kg of "Jiewei" rice seedling strengthening agent per 100 kg as the seedling base soil;

[0124] (2) The same as step (2) in Example 1 is performed, except that 25 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 3.5 kg of urea (N, 46%) is applied per mu before rotary tillage of the seedbed to fertilize the seedling bed;

[0125] (3) Proceed as in step (3) of Example 1; the difference is that the rice seeds are prepared at a dry seeding rate of 60g / tray for Quanliangyou 1606.

[0126] (4) Perform the same steps as in Example 1 (3); the difference is that the seeds were sown on May 9 and soaked in water on May 11.

[0127] (5) Chemical control management of seedling beds: According to the local large-scale rice transplanting time, spray 110g of 15% paclobutrazol per mu with 25kg of water on May 30 for chemical control of seedlings. Apply "transplanting fertilizer" on June 8. Apply 8.0kg of urea (containing 46% N) per mu in seedling beds. Keep the seedling tray moist before the seedlings have 2 leaves and 1 heart stage. Keep the water layer outside when fertilizing. During the rest of the time, dry management is the main method. Transplanting will start on June 16, June 21, June 26 and July 1 respectively.

[0128] (6) Pest and disease control:

[0129] For the first disease and pest control, spray pesticide composition A at the one-leaf-one-heart stage of rice seedlings. Pest and disease composition A consists of 108 grams of 30% cymoxanil·hymexazol soluble concentrate and 23 grams of 80% pymetrozine·pymetrozine water-dispersible granules. Mix the above pesticide composition A with 20 kg of water per mu and spray to prevent seedling blight, rice blast, rice thrips and other diseases and pests.

[0130] For seedlings at different transplanting periods, a second round of pest and disease control should be carried out 3 days before transplanting. Apply pesticide composition B per mu of seedbed: 25 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 18 mL of 10% trifluralin suspension, 65 mL of 24% thifluzamide suspension, and 95 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension, mixed with 30 kg of water and sprayed once. Transplant with the pesticide to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases in the field. Pests and diseases in the field include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, and rice leaf roller.

[0131] Test Example 1

[0132] Seedlings from different transplanting periods in 2022 and 2023 were used to examine their basic qualities. The leaf age, seedling height, and seedling coagulation ability of seedlings from Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were compared. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0133] Table 1. Basic Qualities of Seedlings Under Different Treatments in 2022

[0134]

[0135]

[0136] Note: Letters in the table indicate significance, with different lowercase and uppercase letters indicating significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

[0137] Analysis of variance was performed on the average values ​​of the same varieties in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 in the table, and analysis of variance was performed on the average values ​​of the same varieties in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4-6.

[0138] Table 2. Basic Qualities of Quanyou 1606 Seedlings Under Different Treatments in 2023

[0139]

[0140] Note: Letters in the table indicate significance, with different lowercase and uppercase letters indicating significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

[0141] Analysis of variance was performed on the average values ​​of the same varieties in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 in the table, and analysis of variance was performed on the average values ​​of the same varieties in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4-6.

[0142] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, compared to their corresponding comparative examples, the rice seedlings of Examples 1 and 2, although generally inferior in quality to those transplanted at the appropriate time using the medium-to-large seedling raising method, showed slightly lower seedling height, more green leaves, higher root cohesion, and higher dry weight per 100 plants compared to the seedlings of the three comparative examples, indicating superior overall seedling quality. During actual transplanting, the "over-aged" seedlings in the three comparative examples exhibited faster growth rates in the later stages, resulting in significant seedling imbalance. Simultaneously, the seedling quality declined sharply, leading to poor transplanting results, characterized by numerous floating seedlings, severe seedling damage, increased number of transplanting trays in the field, slow seedling survival after transplanting, and fewer effective tillers in the field. Therefore, the seedling raising method provided by this invention can meet the seedling transplanting needs at different transplanting periods under large-scale planting conditions.

[0143] Test Example 2

[0144] The maturity date, yield, and composition of rice in Examples 1 to 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were recorded and measured respectively, and the results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0145] Table 3. Maturity date and yield composition of rice under different treatments in 2022

[0146]

[0147]

[0148] Note: Letters in the table indicate significance, with different lowercase and uppercase letters indicating significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

[0149] Analysis of variance was performed on the average values ​​of the same varieties in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 in the table, and analysis of variance was performed on the average values ​​of the same varieties in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4-6.

[0150] Table 4. Maturity date and yield composition of different treatments of Quanyou 1606 rice in 2023

[0151]

[0152]

[0153] Note: Letters in the table indicate significance, with different lowercase and uppercase letters indicating significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

[0154] Analysis of variance was performed on the average values ​​of the same varieties in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 in the table, and analysis of variance was performed on the average values ​​of the same varieties in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4-6.

[0155] As shown in Tables 3 and 4, the rice in Examples 1 and 2 matured earlier than other seedling raising methods, which is beneficial for the timely sowing of the next crop of wheat (the suitable sowing period for wheat in the local area is October 20-25). Compared with their corresponding comparative proportions, the yields of all other varieties except for the timely transplanting of medium and large seedlings are significantly increased. It can be seen that the method provided by the present invention can effectively increase the yield of rice.

[0156] Test Example 3

[0157] The net income from rice cultivation in Examples 1 to 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 was calculated respectively, and the results are shown in Table 5.

[0158] Table 5. Net Profit from Rice Cultivation under Different Treatments

[0159]

[0160] Note: Letters in the table indicate significance; different lowercase and uppercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively. The land transfer rent for this family farm, covering both rice and wheat seasons, is 1100 yuan / year. The land rent in the table is the amount converted from the rice season.

[0161] In the table, the actual yields of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are weighted averages of the actual yields of the two varieties, and analysis of variance was performed; analysis of variance was also performed on Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4-6.

[0162] As shown in Table 5, the seedling raising methods of Examples 1 and 2 both increased rice yield compared to the comparative examples, and the output value of rice was significantly higher than that of the corresponding comparative examples. This reduced the seedling raising cost in the field and significantly increased the corresponding net profit. This indicates that the solution provided by the present invention can effectively improve the rice planting income of large-scale farmers.

[0163] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the method provided by the present invention can meet the practical needs of large-scale planting, reduce the seedling raising and fertilization process, improve the seedling raising safety factor, and reduce the labor and material input for seedling raising. The seedling raising method is simple and easy to operate. By controlling water and adjusting fertilizer, the risk of rapid decline in seedling quality or even no seedlings to transplant caused by "over-aged" seedlings is avoided. At the same time, early seedling raising promotes the normal maturity of late-maturing machine-transplanted rice, ultimately achieving higher yields and planting benefits. It can also clear the stubble earlier, creating conditions for achieving year-round high yields.

[0164] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rice seedling raising method, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Preparation of seedling raising soil, preparation of seedling plate, seed dressing, sowing, seedling field management without plant growth regulator control and disease and pest control; The seedling raising soil material is only soil, no nutrient-containing compound including fertilizer is applied in the seedling raising soil, and no any plant growth regulator containing component is used in seedling strengthening agent or other dwarfing product; No any base fertilizer is applied in the seedling plate preparation process; The seedling field management without plant growth regulator control comprises water management for controlling the growth of rice, 1 time of urea containing 45%-48% of nitrogen is applied 5-10 days before transplanting seedlings, and the amount of the urea is 6.0-10 kg per mu; The water management for controlling the growth of rice comprises dry pipe for the remaining seedlings after transplanting seedlings, and timely running water if the soil of seedling plate is dry and cracked or the seedlings are curled.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The preparation of the seedling raising soil comprises taking 2-3 cm of the surface layer of the field after deep ploughing, and 3-5 m 3 The seedling raising soil is prepared, and a seedling raising soil crusher is used to crush the seedling raising soil, and the diameter of the crushed soil particles is 4-9 mm; the seedling raising soil is used for seedling raising bottom soil and seedling raising cover soil.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The preparation of seedling raising soil further comprises that the crushed soil is piled into a soil pile with a height of 100-150 cm, and the soil pile is sealed and covered with black mulch before seedling raising for 1 month.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The seed dressing comprises stirring 60 g of 4% metiram + fenhexamid seed coating agent in 140 g of water per 10 kg of dry rice seeds, uniformly mixing by using a seed dressing machine, and drying for standby.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The sowing comprises that the sowing time is 10-15 days earlier than the local conventional seedling raising; the rice is a late-maturing rice, and one or more of conventional japonica rice, hybrid indica rice and indica-japonica hybrid rice is selected; the sowing amount of the conventional japonica rice is 110-130 g per plate, and the sowing amount of the hybrid indica rice or indica-japonica hybrid rice is 60-80 g per plate, and the sowed rice is dry seed.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The sowing further comprises that the seedling plate after sowing is exposed to the sun for 2-3 hours, and then covered with non-woven fabric; a sprinkling irrigation device is installed on the seedling field for water management, the water management comprises that water layer with a thickness of 1-2 cm is sprayed to soak the seedling plate for 24-30 hours, the water is naturally dried, and then running water is sprayed to immerse the seedling plate after 1-2 days.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The disease and pest control is performed twice during the seedling raising; the first disease and pest control is performed at the 1-leaf 1-heart stage of the seedlings, and a pharmaceutical composition A is sprayed per mu with 20 kg of water; the pharmaceutical composition A comprises 50-100 g of 30% dimethoate + binxide, 10-20 g of 80% nitenpyram + pymetrozine water dispersible granule and 140-160 g of 70% propineb wettable powder per mu; The second disease and pest control is performed 3 days before transplanting seedlings, and a pharmaceutical composition B is sprayed per mu with 30 kg of water; the pharmaceutical composition B comprises 30-40 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension concentrate, 20-30 mL of 10% triflubri-mbide suspension concentrate, 40-60 mL of 24% buprofezin suspension concentrate and 100-150 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension concentrate per mu.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method is suitable for late-maturing rice planting on a large scale; the large scale refers to 33.3 hm 2 The above land is owned by an individual or a family.

9. A rice-wheat double cropping planting method, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: After the wheat is harvested, the rice seedlings are cultivated by using the seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1-8, the rice seedlings are machine transplanted, and the rice is conventionally managed until harvesting; The cultivation of the rice seedlings is 10-15 days earlier than the conventional seedling raising.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein, After the rice seedlings are cultivated, the rice seedlings are prepared in a ratio of 1:110-130 for hybrid rice and / or 1:80-100 for conventional rice before machine transplanting.

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