Bio-organic fertilizer as well as preparation process and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of biological organic fertilizers, and particularly discloses a biological organic fertilizer and a preparation process and application thereof, the organic fertilizer is based on natural organic matters (a mixture of animal dung and crop straw), and a compound microbial agent, a nano mineral additive and a soil conditioner are added. The livestock and poultry manure is subjected to freeze-drying treatment, the compound microbial agent contains various beneficial bacteria and is subjected to freeze-drying treatment, the nano mineral additive is prepared from nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide, and the soil conditioner is prepared from components such as potassium humate, sodium alginate and sodium lignin sulfonate. The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material preparation, uniform mixing and packaging. The organic fertilizer is particularly suitable for planting of cherry tomatoes, is used as a fertilizer after being mixed with a proper amount of water, and is suitable for sandy loam soil with the pH value of 6.0-7.0.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of biological organic fertilizers, and specifically discloses a biological organic fertilizer and a preparation process and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In agricultural production, the use of fertilizers is crucial to improving soil fertility and crop yields. Although traditional chemical fertilizers can significantly increase crop yields in the short term, long-term use can lead to problems such as soil structure damage, nutrient imbalance, and environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of a bio-organic fertilizer that can both improve soil fertility and improve the soil ecological environment has become a research hotspot in the current agricultural field.

[0003] Bio-organic fertilizers in the prior art are mostly made from organic waste such as livestock excrement, crop straw, etc., through biological processes such as fermentation. These organic fertilizers contain rich organic matter and microbial communities, which have a positive effect on improving soil structure and increasing soil fertility. However, there are still some obvious problems and defects in bio-organic fertilizers in the prior art.

[0004] First, the way the raw materials are processed directly affects the quality and effect of organic fertilizer. Traditionally, livestock manure is processed through composting and fermentation, which is time-consuming and easily affected by weather and environmental conditions, resulting in incomplete fermentation, high salt and heavy metal content, and potential harm to soil and crops. At the same time, crop straw is often simply crushed, lacking further fine processing and nutrient extraction, resulting in low utilization.

[0005] Secondly, the addition of microbial agents is an important component of bio-organic fertilizers, but most of the microbial agents in the prior art are single strains or simple mixtures, lacking optimized combinations for specific crops and soil environments. In addition, the storage and transportation of microbial agents are easily affected by conditions such as temperature and humidity, resulting in reduced activity or even failure.

[0006] Again, the addition of nano-mineral additives and soil conditioners can further improve the effect of biological organic fertilizers, but the ratio and type selection of these additives in the prior art often lack scientific basis, resulting in low nutrient release rate and utilization efficiency of organic fertilizers. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above problems, the present invention discloses a bio-organic fertilizer and its preparation process and application, and provides a more efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable bio-organic fertilizer and its preparation method to meet the dual needs of modern agriculture for fertilizer quality and environmental friendliness.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0009] A biological organic fertilizer, calculated by weight, is made from the following raw materials:

[0010]

[0011] The natural organic matter is a mixture of livestock excrement and crop straw, and the livestock excrement is freeze-dried;

[0012] The composite microbial agent contains one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus, and is freeze-dried;

[0013] The nano mineral additive contains nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide;

[0014] The soil conditioner contains potassium humate, sodium alginate and sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer, the freeze-drying process of the livestock manure is as follows:

[0016] 1) Raw material preparation

[0017] Collect fresh livestock manure, remove impurities and foreign matter, and mix the manure;

[0018] 2) Pre-freezing

[0019] Put the treated livestock manure into the freezing equipment for pre-freezing, from room temperature to -40℃--60℃, with a temperature drop of 0.2-0.4℃ / min;

[0020] 3) Vacuum drying

[0021] Put the pre-frozen poultry and livestock manure into the vacuum drying equipment, control the temperature between -20℃ and +20℃, and heat the ice crystals in the manure to sublime directly into water vapor in a vacuum environment of 10-100Pa, thereby removing moisture;

[0022] 4) Post-processing

[0023] After the water content is lower than 15%, the dried livestock and poultry manure is crushed and passed through a 50-mesh sieve to collect the livestock and poultry manure freeze-dried powder.

[0024] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer, the mass ratio of the freeze-dried poultry and livestock manure powder to the crop straw is 1.2-1.5:1;

[0025] The crop straw is prepared by the following steps: drying the corn straw naturally, crushing it into powder in a crusher, and then drying it to a moisture content of less than 12%, and passing it through a 50-100 mesh sieve to obtain the crop straw.

[0026] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer, the composite microbial agent is prepared by the following steps:

[0027] S1: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus are cultured in respective suitable culture media;

[0028] S2 collects the bacteria and performs preliminary purification to remove the culture medium;

[0029] S3 mixes various bacteria and freeze-dries them at low temperature in vacuum to obtain a composite microbial agent, wherein the number of each bacteria in each gram of the agent is not less than 1x10 6 clu.

[0030] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer, the vacuum low-temperature freeze-drying in step S3 comprises the following steps:

[0031] a Pre-freezing: Spread the mixed bacteria for pre-freezing, the spreading thickness is 3-6cm, and the pre-freezing is carried out quickly under normal pressure, the pre-freezing time is 70-90min, and the pre-freezing temperature is -30~-50℃;

[0032] b Freeze drying: Under the condition of maintaining the pre-freezing temperature, add 5-10% by mass of lyophilization protective agent glycerol, put it into the freeze dryer for freeze drying, and the freeze drying procedure is as follows:

[0033] A: -45~-55℃, pressure 550-750Pa, freeze drying 50-80min;

[0034] B: -65~-55℃, pressure 150-250Pa, freeze drying 150-250min;

[0035] C: -75~-85℃, pressure 80-150Pa, freeze drying 30-50min;

[0036] D: Return to normal temperature and pressure, and dry until the moisture content is less than 10% to obtain a composite microbial agent.

[0037] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned bio-organic fertilizer, the nano mineral additive is composed of nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide in a mass ratio of 1:2-3:4-5.

[0038] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer, the soil conditioner consists of 15wt% of potassium humate, 10wt% of sodium alginate, 10wt% of ferric chloride, 15wt% of activated carbon, 10wt% of urea, 35wt% of diatomaceous earth, and 5wt% of sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0039] The invention also discloses a preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: at room temperature, natural organic matter, composite microbial agent, nano mineral additive and soil conditioner are uniformly mixed and then packaged.

[0040] The invention also discloses application of the biological organic fertilizer in tomato planting.

[0041] Furthermore, in the above application, when used, the biological organic fertilizer is evenly mixed with 1-3 times the mass of water and used as fertilizer. The tomato is cherry tomato, and the soil used for the fertilizer is sandy loam with a pH value between 6.0 and 7.0.

[0042] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0043] The invention provides a novel bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The organic fertilizer uses freeze-dried poultry and livestock excrement and crop straw as natural organic matter, optimizes the preparation process and proportion of a composite microbial agent, and scientifically selects the types and proportions of nano-mineral additives and soil conditioners to prepare a highly efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable bio-organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer not only contains rich organic matter and microbial communities, but also has the advantages of uniform nutrient release and high utilization efficiency. At the same time, the stability and activity of the organic fertilizer are effectively improved by freeze-drying the raw materials and the microbial agent, and its shelf life and use effect are extended. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 Comparison of tomato survival rate % of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6 and Control Example;

[0045] Figure 2 Comparison of tomato disease rates % in Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-6 and the control example;

[0046] Figure 3 Comparison of the number of days from planting to maturity of tomatoes in Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-6 and the control example;

[0047] Figure 4 Comparison of tomato yield per mu (kg) of Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-6 and the control example;

[0048] Figure 5 Comparison of the vitamin C content (mg / kg) of tomatoes in Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-6 and the control example;

[0049] Figure 6 Comparison of lycopene content (ppm) of tomatoes in Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-6 and the control example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] A biological organic fertilizer, calculated by weight, is made from the following raw materials:

[0051]

[0052] The natural organic matter is a mixture of livestock excrement and crop straw, and the livestock excrement is freeze-dried;

[0053] The composite microbial agent contains one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus, and is freeze-dried;

[0054] The nano mineral additive contains nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide;

[0055] The soil conditioner contains potassium humate, sodium alginate and sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0056] The freeze-drying process of the livestock excrement is as follows:

[0057] 1) Raw material preparation

[0058] Collect fresh livestock manure, remove impurities and foreign matter, and mix the manure;

[0059] 2) Pre-freezing

[0060] Put the treated livestock manure into the freezing equipment for pre-freezing, from room temperature to -40℃--60℃, with a temperature drop of 0.2-0.4℃ / min;

[0061] 3) Vacuum drying

[0062] Put the pre-frozen poultry and livestock manure into the vacuum drying equipment, control the temperature between -20℃ and +20℃, and heat the ice crystals in the manure to sublime directly into water vapor in a vacuum environment of 10-100Pa, thereby removing moisture;

[0063] 4) Post-processing

[0064] After the water content is lower than 15%, the dried livestock and poultry manure is crushed and passed through a 50-mesh sieve to collect the livestock and poultry manure freeze-dried powder.

[0065] The mass ratio of the poultry and livestock manure freeze-dried powder to the crop straw is 1.2-1.5:1;

[0066] The crop straw is prepared by the following steps: drying the corn straw naturally, crushing it into powder in a crusher, and then drying it to a moisture content of less than 12%, and passing it through a 50-100 mesh sieve to obtain the crop straw.

[0067] The composite microbial agent is prepared by the following steps:

[0068] S1: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus are cultured in respective suitable culture media;

[0069] S2 collects the bacteria and performs preliminary purification to remove the culture medium;

[0070] S3 mixes various bacteria and freeze-dries them at low temperature in vacuum to obtain a composite microbial agent, wherein the number of each bacteria in each gram of the agent is not less than 1x10 6 clu.

[0071] The vacuum low-temperature freeze-drying in step S3 comprises the following steps:

[0072] a Pre-freezing: Spread the mixed bacteria for pre-freezing, the spreading thickness is 3-6cm, and the pre-freezing is carried out quickly under normal pressure, the pre-freezing time is 70-90min, and the pre-freezing temperature is -30~-50℃;

[0073] b Freeze drying: Under the condition of maintaining the pre-freezing temperature, add 5-10% by mass of lyophilization protective agent glycerol, put it into the freeze dryer for freeze drying, and the freeze drying procedure is as follows:

[0074] A: -45~-55℃, pressure 550-750Pa, freeze drying 50-80min;

[0075] B: -65~-55℃, pressure 150-250Pa, freeze drying 150-250min;

[0076] C: -75~-85℃, pressure 80-150Pa, freeze drying 30-50min;

[0077] D: Return to normal temperature and pressure, and dry until the moisture content is less than 10% to obtain a composite microbial agent.

[0078] The nano mineral additive is composed of nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide in a mass ratio of 1:2-3:4-5.

[0079] The soil conditioner consists of 15wt% of potassium humate, 10wt% of sodium alginate, 10wt% of ferric chloride, 15wt% of activated carbon, 10wt% of urea, 35wt% of diatomaceous earth and 5wt% of sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0080] The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: at room temperature, natural organic matter, composite microbial agent, nano mineral additive and soil conditioner are uniformly mixed and then packaged.

[0081] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. However, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, in the following description, the description of known structures and technologies is omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concept of the present invention.

[0082] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0083] Example 1

[0084] A biological organic fertilizer, calculated by weight, is made from the following raw materials:

[0085]

[0086] The natural organic matter is a mixture of livestock excrement and crop straw, and the livestock excrement is freeze-dried;

[0087] The composite microbial agent contains one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus, and is freeze-dried;

[0088] The nano mineral additive contains nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide;

[0089] The soil conditioner contains potassium humate, sodium alginate and sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0090] The freeze-drying process of the livestock excrement is as follows:

[0091] 1) Raw material preparation

[0092] Collect fresh livestock manure, remove impurities and foreign matter, and mix the manure;

[0093] 2) Pre-freezing

[0094] Put the treated livestock manure into the freezing equipment for pre-freezing, from room temperature to -40℃--60℃, with a temperature drop of 0.2-0.4℃ / min;

[0095] 3) Vacuum drying

[0096] Put the pre-frozen poultry and livestock manure into the vacuum drying equipment, control the temperature between -20℃ and +20℃, and heat the ice crystals in the manure to sublime directly into water vapor in a vacuum environment of 10-100Pa, thereby removing moisture;

[0097] 4) Post-processing

[0098] After the water content is lower than 15%, the dried livestock and poultry manure is crushed and passed through a 50-mesh sieve to collect the livestock and poultry manure freeze-dried powder.

[0099] The mass ratio of the livestock manure freeze-dried powder to the crop straw is 1.2:1;

[0100] The crop straw is prepared by the following steps: drying the corn straw naturally, crushing it into powder in a crusher, and then drying it to a moisture content of less than 12%, and passing it through a 50-100 mesh sieve to obtain the crop straw.

[0101] The composite microbial agent is prepared by the following steps:

[0102] S1: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus are cultured in respective suitable culture media;

[0103] S2 collects the bacteria and performs preliminary purification to remove the culture medium;

[0104] S3 mixes various bacteria and freeze-dries them at low temperature in vacuum to obtain a composite microbial agent, wherein the number of each bacteria in each gram of the agent is not less than 1x10 6 clu.

[0105] The vacuum low-temperature freeze-drying in step S3 comprises the following steps:

[0106] a Pre-freezing: Spread the mixed bacteria for pre-freezing, the spreading thickness is 3-6cm, and the pre-freezing is carried out quickly under normal pressure, the pre-freezing time is 70-90min, and the pre-freezing temperature is -30~-50℃;

[0107] b Freeze drying: Under the condition of maintaining the pre-freezing temperature, add 5-10% by mass of lyophilization protective agent glycerol, put it into the freeze dryer for freeze drying, and the freeze drying procedure is as follows:

[0108] A: -45~-55℃, pressure 550-750Pa, freeze drying 50-80min;

[0109] B: -65~-55℃, pressure 150-250Pa, freeze drying 150-250min;

[0110] C: -75~-85℃, pressure 80-150Pa, freeze drying 30-50min;

[0111] D: Return to normal temperature and pressure, and dry until the moisture content is less than 10% to obtain a composite microbial agent.

[0112] The nano mineral additive is composed of nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide in a mass ratio of 1:2:4.

[0113] The soil conditioner consists of 15wt% of potassium humate, 10wt% of sodium alginate, 10wt% of ferric chloride, 15wt% of activated carbon, 10wt% of urea, 35wt% of diatomaceous earth and 5wt% of sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0114] The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: at room temperature, natural organic matter, composite microbial agent, nano mineral additive and soil conditioner are uniformly mixed and then packaged.

[0115] Example 2

[0116] A biological organic fertilizer, calculated by weight, is made from the following raw materials:

[0117]

[0118] The natural organic matter is a mixture of livestock excrement and crop straw, and the livestock excrement is freeze-dried;

[0119] The composite microbial agent contains one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus, and is freeze-dried;

[0120] The nano mineral additive contains nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide;

[0121] The soil conditioner contains potassium humate, sodium alginate and sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0122] The freeze-drying process of the livestock excrement is as follows:

[0123] 1) Raw material preparation

[0124] Collect fresh livestock manure, remove impurities and foreign matter, and mix the manure;

[0125] 2) Pre-freezing

[0126] Put the treated livestock manure into the freezing equipment for pre-freezing, from room temperature to -40℃--60℃, with a temperature drop of 0.2-0.4℃ / min;

[0127] 3) Vacuum drying

[0128] Put the pre-frozen poultry and livestock manure into the vacuum drying equipment, control the temperature between -20℃ and +20℃, and heat the ice crystals in the manure to sublime directly into water vapor in a vacuum environment of 10-100Pa, thereby removing moisture;

[0129] 4) Post-processing

[0130] After the water content is lower than 15%, the dried livestock and poultry manure is crushed and passed through a 50-mesh sieve to collect the livestock and poultry manure freeze-dried powder.

[0131] The mass ratio of the poultry and livestock manure freeze-dried powder to the crop straw is 1.4:1;

[0132] The crop straw is prepared by the following steps: drying the corn straw naturally, crushing it into powder in a crusher, and then drying it to a moisture content of less than 12%, and passing it through a 50-100 mesh sieve to obtain the crop straw.

[0133] The composite microbial agent is prepared by the following steps:

[0134] S1: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus are cultured in respective suitable culture media;

[0135] S2 collects the bacteria and performs preliminary purification to remove the culture medium;

[0136] S3 mixes various bacteria and freeze-dries them at low temperature in vacuum to obtain a composite microbial agent, wherein the number of each bacteria in each gram of the agent is not less than 1x10 6 clu.

[0137] The vacuum low-temperature freeze-drying in step S3 comprises the following steps:

[0138] a Pre-freezing: Spread the mixed bacteria for pre-freezing, the spreading thickness is 3-6cm, and the pre-freezing is carried out quickly under normal pressure, the pre-freezing time is 70-90min, and the pre-freezing temperature is -30~-50℃;

[0139] b Freeze drying: Under the condition of maintaining the pre-freezing temperature, add 5-10% by mass of lyophilization protective agent glycerol, put it into the freeze dryer for freeze drying, and the freeze drying procedure is as follows:

[0140] A: -45~-55℃, pressure 550-750Pa, freeze drying 50-80min;

[0141] B: -65~-55℃, pressure 150-250Pa, freeze drying 150-250min;

[0142] C: -75~-85℃, pressure 80-150Pa, freeze drying 30-50min;

[0143] D: Return to normal temperature and pressure, and dry until the moisture content is less than 10% to obtain a composite microbial agent.

[0144] The nano mineral additive is composed of nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide in a mass ratio of 1:2.5:4.5.

[0145] The soil conditioner consists of 15wt% of potassium humate, 10wt% of sodium alginate, 10wt% of ferric chloride, 15wt% of activated carbon, 10wt% of urea, 35wt% of diatomaceous earth and 5wt% of sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0146] The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: at room temperature, natural organic matter, composite microbial agent, nano mineral additive and soil conditioner are uniformly mixed and then packaged.

[0147] Example 3

[0148] A biological organic fertilizer, calculated by weight, is made from the following raw materials:

[0149]

[0150] The natural organic matter is a mixture of livestock excrement and crop straw, and the livestock excrement is freeze-dried;

[0151] The composite microbial agent contains one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus, and is freeze-dried;

[0152] The nano mineral additive contains nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide;

[0153] The soil conditioner contains potassium humate, sodium alginate and sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0154] The freeze-drying process of the livestock excrement is as follows:

[0155] 1) Raw material preparation

[0156] Collect fresh livestock manure, remove impurities and foreign matter, and mix the manure;

[0157] 2) Pre-freezing

[0158] Put the treated livestock manure into the freezing equipment for pre-freezing, from room temperature to -40℃--60℃, with a temperature drop of 0.2-0.4℃ / min;

[0159] 3) Vacuum drying

[0160] Put the pre-frozen poultry and livestock manure into the vacuum drying equipment, control the temperature between -20℃ and +20℃, and heat the ice crystals in the manure to sublime directly into water vapor in a vacuum environment of 10-100Pa, thereby removing moisture;

[0161] 4) Post-processing

[0162] After the water content is lower than 15%, the dried livestock and poultry manure is crushed and passed through a 50-mesh sieve to collect the livestock and poultry manure freeze-dried powder.

[0163] The mass ratio of the poultry and livestock manure freeze-dried powder to the crop straw is 1.5:1;

[0164] The crop straw is prepared by the following steps: drying the corn straw naturally, crushing it into powder in a crusher, and then drying it to a moisture content of less than 12%, and passing it through a 50-100 mesh sieve to obtain the crop straw.

[0165] The composite microbial agent is prepared by the following steps:

[0166] S1: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus are cultured in respective suitable culture media;

[0167] S2 collects the bacteria and performs preliminary purification to remove the culture medium;

[0168] S3 mixes various bacteria and freeze-dries them at low temperature in vacuum to obtain a composite microbial agent, wherein the number of each bacteria in each gram of the agent is not less than 1x10 6 clu.

[0169] The vacuum low-temperature freeze-drying in step S3 comprises the following steps:

[0170] a Pre-freezing: Spread the mixed bacteria for pre-freezing, the spreading thickness is 3-6cm, and the pre-freezing is carried out quickly under normal pressure, the pre-freezing time is 70-90min, and the pre-freezing temperature is -30~-50℃;

[0171] b Freeze drying: Under the condition of maintaining the pre-freezing temperature, add 5-10% by mass of lyophilization protective agent glycerol, put it into the freeze dryer for freeze drying, and the freeze drying procedure is as follows:

[0172] A: -45~-55℃, pressure 550-750Pa, freeze drying 50-80min;

[0173] B: -65~-55℃, pressure 150-250Pa, freeze drying 150-250min;

[0174] C: -75~-85℃, pressure 80-150Pa, freeze drying 30-50min;

[0175] D: Return to normal temperature and pressure, and dry until the moisture content is less than 10% to obtain a composite microbial agent.

[0176] The nano mineral additive is composed of nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide in a mass ratio of 1:3:5.

[0177] The soil conditioner consists of 15wt% of potassium humate, 10wt% of sodium alginate, 10wt% of ferric chloride, 15wt% of activated carbon, 10wt% of urea, 35wt% of diatomaceous earth and 5wt% of sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0178] The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: at room temperature, natural organic matter, composite microbial agent, nano mineral additive and soil conditioner are uniformly mixed and then packaged.

[0179] Comparative Example 1

[0180] A biological organic fertilizer, calculated by weight, is made from the following raw materials:

[0181] 100 parts of natural organic matter

[0182] 7 parts of nano mineral additives

[0183] 15 parts of soil conditioner

[0184] The natural organic matter is a mixture of livestock excrement and crop straw, and the livestock excrement is freeze-dried;

[0185] The nano mineral additive contains nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide;

[0186] The soil conditioner contains potassium humate, sodium alginate and sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0187] The freeze-drying process of the livestock excrement is as follows:

[0188] 1) Raw material preparation

[0189] Collect fresh livestock manure, remove impurities and foreign matter, and mix the manure;

[0190] 2) Pre-freezing

[0191] Put the treated livestock manure into the freezing equipment for pre-freezing, from room temperature to -40℃--60℃, with a temperature drop of 0.2-0.4℃ / min;

[0192] 3) Vacuum drying

[0193] Put the pre-frozen poultry and livestock manure into the vacuum drying equipment, control the temperature between -20℃ and +20℃, and heat the ice crystals in the manure to sublime directly into water vapor in a vacuum environment of 10-100Pa, thereby removing moisture;

[0194] 4) Post-processing

[0195] After the water content is lower than 15%, the dried livestock and poultry manure is crushed and passed through a 50-mesh sieve to collect the livestock and poultry manure freeze-dried powder.

[0196] The mass ratio of the poultry and livestock manure freeze-dried powder to the crop straw is 1.4:1;

[0197] The crop straw is prepared by the following steps: drying the corn straw naturally, crushing it into powder in a crusher, and then drying it to a moisture content of less than 12%, and passing it through a 50-100 mesh sieve to obtain the crop straw.

[0198] The nano mineral additive is composed of nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide in a mass ratio of 1:2.5:4.5.

[0199] The soil conditioner consists of 15wt% of potassium humate, 10wt% of sodium alginate, 10wt% of ferric chloride, 15wt% of activated carbon, 10wt% of urea, 35wt% of diatomaceous earth and 5wt% of sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0200] The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: at room temperature, natural organic matter, nano mineral additives and soil conditioners are uniformly mixed and then packaged.

[0201] This comparative example does not contain the composite microbial agent, and the rest is the same as Example 2.

[0202] Comparative Example 2

[0203] The composite microbial agent in this comparative example is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus megaterium, and does not contain Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus.

[0204] Comparative Example 3

[0205] A biological organic fertilizer, calculated by weight, is made from the following raw materials:

[0206] 100 parts of natural organic matter

[0207] 20 copies of compound microbial agent

[0208] 15 parts of soil conditioner

[0209] The natural organic matter is a mixture of livestock excrement and crop straw, and the livestock excrement is freeze-dried;

[0210] The composite microbial agent contains one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus, and is freeze-dried;

[0211] The soil conditioner contains potassium humate, sodium alginate and sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0212] The freeze-drying process of the livestock excrement is as follows:

[0213] 1) Raw material preparation

[0214] Collect fresh livestock manure, remove impurities and foreign matter, and mix the manure;

[0215] 2) Pre-freezing

[0216] Put the treated livestock manure into the freezing equipment for pre-freezing, from room temperature to -40℃--60℃, with a temperature drop of 0.2-0.4℃ / min;

[0217] 3) Vacuum drying

[0218] Put the pre-frozen poultry and livestock manure into the vacuum drying equipment, control the temperature between -20℃ and +20℃, and heat the ice crystals in the manure to sublime directly into water vapor in a vacuum environment of 10-100Pa, thereby removing moisture;

[0219] 4) Post-processing

[0220] After the water content is lower than 15%, the dried livestock and poultry manure is crushed and passed through a 50-mesh sieve to collect the livestock and poultry manure freeze-dried powder.

[0221] The mass ratio of the poultry and livestock manure freeze-dried powder to the crop straw is 1.4:1;

[0222] The crop straw is prepared by the following steps: drying the corn straw naturally, crushing it into powder in a crusher, and then drying it to a moisture content of less than 12%, and passing it through a 50-100 mesh sieve to obtain the crop straw.

[0223] The composite microbial agent is prepared by the following steps:

[0224] S1: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus are cultured in respective suitable culture media;

[0225] S2 collects the bacteria and performs preliminary purification to remove the culture medium;

[0226] S3 mixes various bacteria and freeze-dries them at low temperature in vacuum to obtain a composite microbial agent, wherein the number of each bacteria in each gram of the agent is not less than 1x10 6 clu.

[0227] The vacuum low-temperature freeze-drying in step S3 comprises the following steps:

[0228] a Pre-freezing: Spread the mixed bacteria for pre-freezing, the spreading thickness is 3-6cm, and the pre-freezing is carried out quickly under normal pressure, the pre-freezing time is 70-90min, and the pre-freezing temperature is -30~-50℃;

[0229] b Freeze drying: Under the condition of maintaining the pre-freezing temperature, add 5-10% by mass of lyophilization protective agent glycerol, put it into the freeze dryer for freeze drying, and the freeze drying procedure is as follows:

[0230] A: -45~-55℃, pressure 550-750Pa, freeze drying 50-80min;

[0231] B: -65~-55℃, pressure 150-250Pa, freeze drying 150-250min;

[0232] C: -75~-85℃, pressure 80-150Pa, freeze drying 30-50min;

[0233] D: Return to normal temperature and pressure, and dry until the moisture content is less than 10% to obtain a composite microbial agent.

[0234] The soil conditioner consists of 15wt% of potassium humate, 10wt% of sodium alginate, 10wt% of ferric chloride, 15wt% of activated carbon, 10wt% of urea, 35wt% of diatomaceous earth and 5wt% of sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0235] The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: at room temperature, natural organic matter, composite microbial agent and soil conditioner are uniformly mixed and then packaged.

[0236] This comparative example does not contain nano mineral additives, and the other parts are the same as those in Example 2.

[0237] Comparative Example 4

[0238] The nano mineral additive in this comparative example only includes nano silicon dioxide, and the rest is the same as in Example 2.

[0239] Comparative Example 5

[0240] A biological organic fertilizer, calculated by weight, is made from the following raw materials:

[0241] 100 parts of natural organic matter

[0242] 20 copies of compound microbial agent

[0243] 7 parts of nano mineral additives

[0244] The natural organic matter is a mixture of livestock excrement and crop straw, and the livestock excrement is freeze-dried;

[0245] The composite microbial agent contains one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus, and is freeze-dried;

[0246] The nano mineral additive contains nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide;

[0247] The freeze-drying process of the livestock excrement is as follows:

[0248] 1) Raw material preparation

[0249] Collect fresh livestock manure, remove impurities and foreign matter, and mix the manure;

[0250] 2) Pre-freezing

[0251] Put the treated livestock manure into the freezing equipment for pre-freezing, from room temperature to -40℃--60℃, with a temperature drop of 0.2-0.4℃ / min;

[0252] 3) Vacuum drying

[0253] Put the pre-frozen poultry and livestock manure into the vacuum drying equipment, control the temperature between -20℃ and +20℃, and heat the ice crystals in the manure to sublime directly into water vapor in a vacuum environment of 10-100Pa, thereby removing moisture;

[0254] 4) Post-processing

[0255] After the water content is lower than 15%, the dried livestock and poultry manure is crushed and passed through a 50-mesh sieve to collect the livestock and poultry manure freeze-dried powder.

[0256] The mass ratio of the poultry and livestock manure freeze-dried powder to the crop straw is 1.4:1;

[0257] The crop straw is prepared by the following steps: drying the corn straw naturally, crushing it into powder in a crusher, and then drying it to a moisture content of less than 12%, and passing it through a 50-100 mesh sieve to obtain the crop straw.

[0258] The composite microbial agent is prepared by the following steps:

[0259] S1: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus are cultured in respective suitable culture media;

[0260] S2 collects the bacteria and performs preliminary purification to remove the culture medium;

[0261] S3 mixes various bacteria and freeze-dries them at low temperature in vacuum to obtain a composite microbial agent, wherein the number of each bacteria in each gram of the agent is not less than 1x10 6 clu.

[0262] The vacuum low-temperature freeze-drying in step S3 comprises the following steps:

[0263] a Pre-freezing: Spread the mixed bacteria for pre-freezing, the spreading thickness is 3-6cm, and the pre-freezing is carried out quickly under normal pressure, the pre-freezing time is 70-90min, and the pre-freezing temperature is -30~-50℃;

[0264] b Freeze drying: Under the condition of maintaining the pre-freezing temperature, add 5-10% by mass of lyophilization protective agent glycerol, put it into the freeze dryer for freeze drying, and the freeze drying procedure is as follows:

[0265] A: -45~-55℃, pressure 550-750Pa, freeze drying 50-80min;

[0266] B: -65~-55℃, pressure 150-250Pa, freeze drying 150-250min;

[0267] C: -75~-85℃, pressure 80-150Pa, freeze drying 30-50min;

[0268] D: Return to normal temperature and pressure, and dry until the moisture content is less than 10% to obtain a composite microbial agent.

[0269] The nano mineral additive is composed of nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide in a mass ratio of 1:2.5:4.5.

[0270] The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: at room temperature, natural organic matter, composite microbial agent and nano mineral additive are uniformly mixed and then packaged.

[0271] This comparative example does not contain a soil conditioner, and the other parts are the same as those in Example 2.

[0272] Comparative Example 6

[0273] In this comparative example, the soil conditioner consists of 15wt% potassium humate, 10wt% sodium alginate, 10wt% ferric chloride, 50wt% activated carbon and 15wt% urea.

[0274] The soil conditioner in this comparative example does not contain 35wt% of diatomaceous earth and 5wt% of sodium lignin sulfonate, and the rest is the same as in Example 2.

[0275] Test Case

[0276] Test 1:

[0277] The bio-organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were used for planting (planting) cherry tomatoes. The test fields were evenly divided into 10 small plots (including a control example using fresh livestock manure), each plot was 10 square meters, and the cherry tomato varieties used in the planting test were all Meiying No. 2 produced by the Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The planting method includes the following methods:

[0278] 1. Seed treatment

[0279] Drying and soaking: Dry the cherry tomato seeds in a cool place for 4 to 8 hours to increase the germination rate. Then, soak them in clean water for 5 to 8 hours, and then treat them with 800 times chlorothalonil solution for 10 to 20 minutes to disinfect and sterilize.

[0280] 2. Seedling cultivation

[0281] Seedlings are grown according to the existing normal process.

[0282] 3. Planting

[0283] Site selection: Choose deep, fertile, well-drained sandy loam as the planting site, with a soil pH of 6.8.

[0284] Application of basal fertilizer: Before planting, sufficient basal fertilizer should be applied, and fresh poultry and livestock manure (control example) or organic fertilizers of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6 of the present invention should be selected; the basal fertilizer should be evenly spread on the plot, and deep plowing, harrowing and ridge building should be carried out; the fertilizer application rate is 4 kg per square meter.

[0285] Planting method: Plant in windless and sunny weather, and try to transplant with soil to reduce root damage. After planting, water the roots sufficiently and keep the soil moist to promote seedling growth.

[0286] 4. Field Management

[0287] Water management: Before fruiting, control the water content appropriately to prevent the plant from growing too tall. The water requirement is high during the fruiting period, so the soil should be kept moist as much as possible. Be careful to avoid the soil being too dry or too wet, which may cause diseases.

[0288] The planting results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1-3 As shown, the survival rate (fixed survival rate, number of transplanted survival / total number of transplanted), disease rate (fixed disease rate diseased plants / total plants, mainly tomatoes), and days from transplanting to maturity (95% transplanted to maturity) were calculated.

[0289] Table 1 Cherry tomato planting test

[0290] Survival rate% Disease rate% Days from planting to maturity Example 1 99.2 4.2 72 Example 2 99.4 4.3 73 Example 3 99.3 4.1 71 Comparative Example 1 87.3 8.7 82 Comparative Example 2 89.4 6.4 78 Comparative Example 3 92.8 4.8 77 Comparative Example 4 94.3 5.1 75 Comparative Example 5 88.2 6.4 83 Comparative Example 6 90.5 7.2 79 Comparison example 85.4 12.1 85

[0291] From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the use of the bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention as the base fertilizer after the planting of cherry tomatoes can greatly improve the survival rate of planting, greatly reduce the disease rate and shorten the number of days to maturity after planting, thereby reducing the planting cost, compared with fresh livestock manure. In particular, from the comparison between Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1-6, the present invention uses the composite microbial agent, nano-mineral additive and soil conditioner to work together, with sufficient nutrients, uniform nutrient release and high utilization efficiency.

[0292] Test 2:

[0293] After the above-mentioned cherry tomatoes were harvested, the per-acre yield of cherry tomatoes (10 square meters converted into 1 acre (667 square meters), vitamin C content and lycopene content were calculated to reflect the overall quality of the fruit.

[0294] The results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 4-6 shown.

[0295] Table 2 Cherry tomato fruit quality test

[0296]

[0297] From the results in Table 2, it can be seen that the use of the bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention as the base fertilizer after planting cherry tomatoes can significantly increase the yield per mu, vitamin C content and lycopene content compared to fresh livestock manure. In particular, from the comparison between Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1-6, the present invention uses the composite microbial agent, nano mineral additive and soil conditioner to work together to improve the fruit quality of cherry tomatoes.

[0298] It can be known from the above embodiments that the present invention proposes a novel bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The organic fertilizer is natural organic matter made of livestock excrement and crop straw after freeze-drying, and a highly efficient, environmentally friendly, sustainable bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by optimizing the preparation technology and proportion of composite microbial inoculants, and scientifically selecting the types and proportions of nano-mineral additives and soil conditioners. The organic fertilizer not only contains abundant organic matter and microbial communities, but also has the advantages of uniform nutrient release and high utilization efficiency. Meanwhile, the stability and activity of the organic fertilizer are effectively improved by freeze-drying raw materials and microbial inoculants, and its shelf life and use effect are extended.

[0299] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, based on the innovative concept of the present invention, changes and modifications to the embodiments described herein, or equivalent structural or equivalent process transformations made using the contents of the specification and drawings of the present invention, directly or indirectly applying the above technical solutions to other related technical fields are all included in the protection scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biological organic fertilizer, characterized in that: Calculated by weight, it is made from the following raw materials: The natural organic matter is a mixture of livestock excrement and crop straw, and the livestock excrement is freeze-dried; The composite microbial agent contains one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus, and is freeze-dried; The nano mineral additive contains nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide; The soil conditioner contains potassium humate, sodium alginate and sodium lignin sulfonate.

2. A biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The freeze-drying process of the livestock excrement is as follows: 1) Raw material preparation Collect fresh livestock manure, remove impurities and foreign matter, and mix the manure; 2) Pre-freezing Put the treated livestock manure into the freezing equipment for pre-freezing, from room temperature to -40℃--60℃, with a temperature drop of 0.2-0.4℃ / min; 3) Vacuum drying Put the pre-frozen poultry and livestock manure into the vacuum drying equipment, control the temperature between -20℃ and +20℃, and heat the ice crystals in the manure to sublime directly into water vapor in a vacuum environment of 10-100Pa, thereby removing moisture; 4) Post-processing After the water content is lower than 15%, the dried livestock and poultry manure is crushed and passed through a 50-mesh sieve to collect the livestock and poultry manure freeze-dried powder.

3. A biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the poultry and livestock manure freeze-dried powder to the crop straw is 1.2-1.5:1; The crop straw is prepared by the following steps: drying the corn straw naturally, crushing it into powder in a crusher, and then drying it to a moisture content of less than 12%, and passing it through a 50-100 mesh sieve to obtain the crop straw.

4. A biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite microbial agent is prepared by the following steps: S1: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Candida olivinea, Streptomyces somaliensis and Paecilomyces lilacinus are cultured in respective suitable culture media; S2 collects the bacteria and performs preliminary purification to remove the culture medium; S3 mixes various bacteria and freeze-dries them at low temperature in vacuum to obtain a composite microbial agent, wherein the number of each bacteria in each gram of the agent is not less than 1x10 6 clu.

5. A biological organic fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vacuum low-temperature freeze-drying in step S3 comprises the following steps: a Pre-freezing: Spread the mixed bacteria for pre-freezing, the spreading thickness is 3-6cm, and the pre-freezing is carried out quickly under normal pressure, the pre-freezing time is 70-90min, and the pre-freezing temperature is -30~-50℃; b Freeze drying: Under the condition of maintaining the pre-freezing temperature, add 5-10% by mass of lyophilization protective agent glycerol, put it into the freeze dryer for freeze drying, and the freeze drying procedure is as follows: A: -45~-55℃, pressure 550-750Pa, freeze drying 50-80min; B: -65~-55℃, pressure 150-250Pa, freeze drying 150-250min; C: -75~-85℃, pressure 80-150Pa, freeze drying 30-50min; D: Return to normal temperature and pressure, and dry until the moisture content is less than 10% to obtain a composite microbial agent.

6. A biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nano mineral additive is composed of nano silicon dioxide, nano calcium carbonate and nano magnesium oxide in a mass ratio of 1:2-3:4-5.

7. A biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil conditioner consists of 15wt% of potassium humate, 10wt% of sodium alginate, 10wt% of ferric chloride, 15wt% of activated carbon, 10wt% of urea, 35wt% of diatomaceous earth and 5wt% of sodium lignin sulfonate.

8. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The following steps are involved: At room temperature, natural organic matter, compound microbial agents, nano mineral additives and soil conditioners are evenly mixed and then packaged.

9. Application of the bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in tomato planting.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: When in use, the biological organic fertilizer is uniformly mixed with 1-3 times the mass of water and used as fertilizer. The tomato is cherry tomato, and the soil used for the fertilizer is sandy loam with a pH value between 6.0 and 7.0.

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