Fertilization method for efficiently combining organic fertilizer and green manure in orchard

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizing method for efficiently combining organic fertilizer and green manure in an orchard. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting high-quality organic fertilizer; (2) fertilization time and method: uniformly applying high-quality organic fertilizer from late September to the end of October in autumn, and irrigating in time after fertilization; (3) selecting proper green manure; (4) green manure planting: from the middle ten days of February to the first ten days of March, green manure crops are sown between rows or plants of the orchard, and the sowing rate is 2.6-3.4 kg / mu; (5) green manure cradling: cradling 5-10cm away from the ground in the vigorous growth period of the green manure, wherein the cradled green manure is directly covered under the tree disks or ploughed into the soil. According to the method, land resources and space planting green manure between rows of the orchard are fully utilized, the implementation of organic fertilizer is combined, extra resource consumption is not increased, the cost is reduced, the soil fertility of the orchard can be remarkably improved, healthy growth of fruit trees is promoted, the fruit yield and quality are improved, and ecological balance and stability are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a fertilization method for orchards, and particularly to a fertilization method for the efficient combination of organic fertilizers and green manures in orchards. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid advancement of modern agriculture, the widespread application of chemical fertilizers has indeed significantly increased crop yields in the short term. However, this process has also been accompanied by a series of side effects such as soil degradation and reduced fertility. Long-term and excessive application of chemical fertilizers will undoubtedly severely damage the soil structure, resulting in a significant reduction in soil organic matter, the disintegration of aggregate structures, and the disruption of the acid-base balance. These adverse factors will profoundly affect the healthy growth of crops and even fruit trees, thereby weakening the quality and yield of agricultural products or fruits. Although chemical fertilizers have contributed significantly to increasing crop yields, their long-term reliance has brought about a series of problems such as a decline in crop quality, a deterioration in taste, and frequent occurrence of pests and diseases. More seriously, the overuse of chemical fertilizers has disrupted the soil ecological balance, posing a potential threat to the normal growth and development of crops, and ultimately endangering the sustainable development of agricultural production.

[0003] As a natural fertilizer, organic fertilizer has the characteristics of comprehensive nutrients and long-lasting fertilizer efficiency. It can not only provide macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium required for the growth of crops and fruit trees, but also supplement medium and trace elements to meet the comprehensive nutrient requirements of crops. At the same time, organic fertilizer can optimize the soil structure, increase the content of soil organic matter, and improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, creating a good growth environment for crops or fruit trees.

[0004] Green manure is a plant that uses green plant bodies to be directly incorporated or composted and then applied to the soil as fertilizer. During the growth process, green manure crops can absorb and fix a large amount of carbon dioxide, release oxygen, and improve the microclimate of farmland. Their roots are well-developed, capable of loosening the soil and increasing soil permeability. After turning under green manure, its roots and stems and leaves can quickly decompose, providing rich nutrients for the soil and continuously contributing to soil fertility.

[0005] Therefore, exploring the efficient combination of organic fertilizers and green manures has become an important way to alleviate the above contradictions and promote the green transformation of agriculture.

[0006] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background art section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and thus may include information that does not constitute the prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fertilization method for the efficient combination of organic fertilizers and green manures in orchards, aiming to improve the soil structure and enhance the quality of fruits.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fertilization method for the efficient combination of orchard organic fertilizer and green manure, and the method includes: (1) Selecting a suitable organic fertilizer, where the suitable organic fertilizer is selected from any one or more of livestock and poultry manure, human excrement and urine, crop straw, cake fertilizer, river silt, pond mud, biogas residue, and biogas slurry; (2) Fertilization time and method: From late September to the end of October in autumn, high-quality organic fertilizer is evenly applied by means of circular trenching, strip trenching, or whole-garden fertilization, and irrigation is carried out in a timely manner after fertilization; (3) Selecting suitable green manure: According to the orchard soil type, climate conditions, fruit tree requirements, and green manure characteristics, select suitable green manure crops; (4) Planting of green manure: From mid-February to early March, green manure crops are sown between rows or between plants in the orchard, and the seeding rate is 2.6 - 3.4 kg / mu; (5) Mowing of green manure: Mow at a height of 5 - 10 cm from the ground during the vigorous growth period of green manure, and the mowed green manure is directly covered under the tree canopy or plowed into the soil. Specifically, when the mowing height is 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 cm, and the mowed green manure is directly covered under the tree canopy or plowed into the soil, it can improve soil organic matter, improve the soil microbial environment, increase soil fertility, and prevent soil erosion.

[0009] Preferably, the cake fertilizer is selected from rapeseed cake fertilizer.

[0010] Preferably, the fertilization time is from September 20th to October 31st.

[0011] Preferably, for the selection of suitable green manure, in orchards in arid areas, select alfalfa or / and astragalus adsurgens with developed roots, large biomass, and drought tolerance, which can loosen the soil, increase the nitrogen content in the soil to meet the needs of fruit trees, and provide a large amount of organic matter after plowing under or mowing; in orchards with poor soil, select leguminous green manure for nitrogen fixation to increase the nitrogen content in the soil and supply the nutrient requirements of fruit trees.

[0012] Preferably, the leguminous green manure is selected from any one or two of white clover, vetch, and milk vetch.

[0013] Preferably, the planting of green manure is from February 10th to March 9th.

[0014] Preferably, the planting of the green manure is adjusted according to soil infertility and sowing time: under the conditions of soil compaction, available nitrogen < 50 mg / kg, available phosphorus < 10 mg / kg, available potassium < 100 mg / kg and organic matter content < 1.5% in soil nutrients, or when the sowing time is more than 10 days later than the local recommended sowing period, the seeding rate is 3.1 - 3.4 kg / mu. Specifically, the seeding rate can be 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 or 3.4 kg per mu; under the conditions of loose soil, soil nutrients ≥ 50 mg / kg, available phosphorus ≥ 10 mg / kg, available potassium ≥ 100 mg / kg, organic matter content ≥ 1.5% and within the local recommended sowing period, the seeding rate is ≥ 2.6 kg / mu and < 3.1 kg / mu. Specifically, the seeding rate can be 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 or 3.0 kg per mu.

[0015] The fertilization method of highly efficient combination of orchard organic fertilizer and green manure of the present invention solves the problems of unsustainable development such as the decline of fruit yield and quality and the deterioration of ecological environment caused by excessive chemical fertilization and serious pests and diseases in orchards, and has the following advantages: (1) The fertilization method of highly efficient combination of organic fertilizer and green manure of the present invention makes full use of the land resources and space between rows in the orchard to plant green manure. Combined with the implementation of organic fertilizer, it does not increase additional resource consumption and reduces costs. Among them, organic fertilizer can enrich soil nutrients, improve structure and enhance water and fertilizer retention capacity; green manure can enhance soil biodiversity and add vitality to the orchard ecosystem. Moreover, this fertilization method can significantly improve the soil fertility of the orchard, promote the healthy growth of fruit trees, improve the yield and quality of fruits, promote the balance and stability of the ecosystem, and provide new ideas for the sustainable development of orchards, especially suitable for the fruit industry in mountainous areas such as the Chengdu honey peach industry;

[0016] (2) Aiming at the problems of large demand for agricultural products, strict growth environment requirements, and the decline of agricultural product quality and the unsustainable development of the industry caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers, the present invention skillfully selects excellent green manure plants such as Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens or Trifolium repens L., and proposes a fertilization method of highly efficient combination of orchard organic fertilizer and green manure. This method is not only easy to implement, simple to operate, with remarkable results, but also has low costs, effectively breaking through the bottleneck of industrial development; (3) The fertilization method of the present invention aims to achieve the dual goals of high yield and high quality of agricultural products. By reducing the application of chemical fertilizers, it effectively curbs the problem of soil erosion, and at the same time improves the ecological environment, provides scientific guidance for the fruit industry in mountainous areas, and promotes the production and development mode of high quality, high yield, high efficiency and sustainability; (4)The fertilization method of the present invention combines organic fertilizer and green manure efficiently, which can give full play to the advantages of both, provide comprehensive nutrient supply and good growth environment for crops. This combination method can not only reduce the usage amount of chemical fertilizers, lower the production cost, but also enhance the market competitiveness of agricultural products. At the same time, the use of organic fertilizer and green manure can also reduce the environmental pollution caused by chemical fertilizers. The organic matter and microorganisms in organic fertilizer can degrade the residues of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the soil, improving the soil ecological environment; green manure crops absorb and fix carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which has positive significance for alleviating global climate change. In addition, the use of organic fertilizer and green manure can also promote the resource utilization of agricultural wastes, realizing energy conservation, emission reduction and green development in agricultural production. Detailed implementation manners

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] It should be noted that: for those not specified in the embodiments, the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer are followed. For the instruments not specified in the manufacturer, they are all conventional products that can be obtained through commercial purchase. For the raw materials and reagents not specified in the manufacturer, they are all commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.

[0019] In the present invention, all features defined in the form of numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as numerical values, quantities, contents and concentrations, are only for the sake of simplicity and convenience. Accordingly, the description of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be regarded as having covered and specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and individual numerical values within the range (including integers and fractions).

[0020] The features mentioned in the present invention can be combined arbitrarily as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these features. All possible combinations should be considered as the scope described in this specification. Each feature disclosed in the specification can be replaced by any alternative feature that can provide the same, equivalent or similar purpose. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the disclosed features are only general examples of equivalent or similar features.

[0021] Example 1 A fertilization method for the efficient combination of organic fertilizer and green manure in an orchard. Taking the honey peaches (variety: Golden Honey Peach No. 1, row spacing 5 m) planted in a newly built honey peach orchard in Longquanshan, Chengdu as an example, this method includes the following steps: A. Selection of suitable organic fertilizer: Select rapeseed meal cake fertilizer as the feed raw material, provided by Chengdu Xinxing Grain and Oil Co., Ltd., which complies with the provisions of GB / T 23736-2009 "Rapeseed Meal for Feed", GB 13078-2017 "Hygienic Standard for Feed", and GB / T18823-2010 "Allowable Error for Judgment of Feed Test Results"; B. Fertilization time and method: In late September of autumn, apply evenly by the ring trench fertilization method, with an application rate of 3 kg / mu, and irrigate in time after fertilization; C. Selection of suitable green manure: Considering that the soil in the peach orchard is relatively compacted, has low nutrients, and is relatively dry, select Vicia villosa Roth as the green manure crop; D. Planting of green manure: In mid-February, sow Vicia villosa Roth between the peach trees, with a seeding rate of 3 kg / mu; E. Mowing of green manure: From July to August is the vigorous growth period of Vicia villosa Roth. Mow at a height of 5-10 cm from the ground, and directly cover the mowed Vicia villosa Roth under the tree canopy.

[0022] Comparative Example 1 It is basically the same as the method of Example 1, except that: Only organic fertilizer is used, without combining green manure, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0023] Comparative Example 2 It is basically the same as the method of Example 1, except that: Only green manure is used, without using organic fertilizer, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0024] Regarding the effects of the fertilization methods of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 on honey peaches, the results show that after implementing the high-efficiency fertilization method of organic fertilizer and green manure in the honey peach orchard of the present invention, compared with the situation of using a single organic fertilizer or green manure, the soil moisture content has been significantly improved (see Table 1); compared with single green manure planting, the soil bulk density has been significantly improved (see Table 1). After being tested by the testing center, the honey peaches using the method of the present invention show obvious advantages in quality: both the total sugar content and the vitamin C content have increased, while the titratable acid content has decreased, and these indicators are better than those of the honey peaches using a single organic fertilizer or green manure locally.

[0025] Table 1 Comparison of soil moisture, bulk density and honey peach quality between single organic fertilizer or green manure and the present method

[0026] Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be recognized that the above description should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. After those skilled in the art have read the above content, various modifications and alternatives to the present invention will be obvious. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fertilization method for orchards that efficiently combines organic fertilizer and green manure, characterized in that: The method includes: (1) selecting suitable organic fertilizer, wherein the suitable organic fertilizer is selected from any one or more of livestock and poultry manure, human feces and urine, crop straw, cake fertilizer, river silt, pond mud, biogas residue and biogas liquid; (2) Fertilization time and method: In autumn, from late September to the end of October, high-quality organic fertilizer should be evenly applied using ring ditch, strip ditch or whole garden fertilization method, and irrigation should be carried out in time after fertilization; (3) Select appropriate green manure: Select appropriate green manure crops based on the orchard soil type, climate conditions, fruit tree needs and green manure characteristics; (4) Planting of green manure: From mid-February to early March, sow green manure crops between rows or plants in the orchard at a sowing rate of 2.6-3.4 kg / mu; (5) Green manure mowing: Mowing should be carried out at a height of 5 to 10 cm above the ground during the period of vigorous growth of green manure. The mowed green manure should be directly covered under the tree tray or plowed into the soil.

2. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cake fertilizer is selected from rapeseed meal cake fertilizer.

3. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization time is from September 20th to October 31st.

4. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The appropriate green manure is selected. In orchards in arid areas, alfalfa or / and Adseramilia sutchuenensis with well-developed root systems, large biomass and drought resistance are selected; in orchards with poor soil, nitrogen-fixing leguminous green manure is selected.

5. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leguminous green manure is selected from any one or two of white clover, purple vetch and Chinese asparagus.

6. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The green manure is planted from February 10 to March 9.

7. The fertilization method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The planting of green manure is adjusted according to soil infertility and sowing time: When the soil is compacted, the available nitrogen content in the soil is <50 mg / kg, the available phosphorus content is <10 mg / kg, the available potassium content is <100 mg / kg, and the organic matter content is <1.5%, or the sowing time is more than 10 days later than the locally recommended sowing period, the sowing rate is 3.1~3.4 kg / mu; when the soil is loose, the soil nutrients are ≥50 mg / kg, the available phosphorus content is ≥10 mg / kg, the available potassium content is ≥100 mg / kg, and the organic matter content is ≥1.5% and within the locally recommended sowing period, the sowing rate is greater than or equal to 2.6 kg / mu and less than 3.1 kg / mu.

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