Method for cultivating winged beans in plant factory

Abstract

The invention discloses a winged bean cultivation method in a plant factory, which comprises the following steps: sowing: sowing germinated seeds into a seedling culture medium according to the density of 400-800 seeds / m < 2 >; seedling raising: raising seedlings according to the density of 400-800 seeds / m < 2 > after germs of the seeds grow out; the seedlings are planted on a cultivation frame according to the density of 4-8 plants / m < 2 >, a nutrient solution EC used for cultivation is set to be 1.8-2.2 mS / cm, the pH value is set to be 5.5-6.5, the temperature is set to be 18-25 DEG C, the carbon dioxide concentration is set to be 350-1200 ppm, the relative humidity is set to be 70-85%, the illumination intensity is set to be 350-600 [mu] mol.m <-2 >. S, the photoperiod is set to be 10-14 h / day, and when the plants grow to 40-50 cm, vines are laid flat; the plants grow in the horizontal direction, and topping is conducted when main vines of the plants grow to 50-100 cm. The lateral planting of the winged beans can promote the growth of lateral buds, and the topping aims to promote the germination, growth and field planting of secondary branches, so that ventilation and light transmission are facilitated, and pod bearing can be promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for winged bean in a plant factory. Background Art

[0002] A plant factory, also known as indoor agriculture or vertical farming, is an efficient agricultural production system with fully intelligent control of the growth environment. Through a computer and an electronic sensing system, environmental conditions such as the temperature, humidity, light, CO2 concentration, and nutrient solution for plant growth are precisely controlled to achieve stable continuous production throughout the year. The production efficiency is dozens or even hundreds of times that of traditional agriculture, and it is the highest stage of the development of modern agriculture. The research on plant factories originated in the mid-20th century and has only started to develop rapidly in the past 5 years. Due to high costs and large energy consumption, at present, more short-cycle leafy vegetables that can be harvested whole plant and high-value-added plants are planted. Therefore, enriching the variety of planted crops is one of the key points in plant factory cultivation.

[0003] Winged bean is an annual or perennial short-day climbing herbaceous plant of the legume family and the genus Psophocarpus. It is also known as winged bean, four-cornered bean, dragon-scented bean, emperor bean, etc. It is cultivated in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan and Taiwan regions of China. Its tender leaves and young pods can be used as vegetables, and at the same time, its leaves, young stems, seeds, tubers and pods can be used as medicine, food, feed and green manure. Winged bean is an economic crop that combines food, vegetables, medicine and fertilizer, and has broad market prospects. However, at present, affected by light and temperature conditions, the planting area of winged bean is mainly distributed in tropical regions such as southern Asia, Oceania and Africa, mainly in open-field cultivation, and a small number of regions use greenhouse cultivation. Constrained by factors such as planting equipment, planting mode, light and temperature environment, the hydroponic technology of winged bean has not been developed and utilized for a long time.

[0004] The Chinese patent with the authorization announcement number CN103583347A discloses a soilless cultivation method for winged bean, which includes the following steps: (1) Fermentation of the substrate: First, chop wheat straw and soybean straw into pieces with a length less than 4 cm. Mix 450 - 500 parts of wheat straw, 350 - 450 parts of soybean straw, and 350 - 400 parts of peanut shell powder, then moisten it with water and set aside. Then add 100 - 150 parts of chicken manure. One week before the straw composting, mix it with straw decomposing bacteria to propagate the straw decomposing bacteria in the chicken manure. The bottom width of the straw pile is 2 meters and the length is unlimited. If the water for moistening the straw is insufficient, spray an appropriate amount of water until water can be squeezed out between the fingers when tightly holding the straw with the hand. Cover it with a plastic film to reduce water evaporation in the pile. After 2 - 3 days, the temperature in the pile reaches above 70 °C. After about 13 days, turn the pile over, turn the straw at the edge into the middle of the pile to further mix the straw and chicken manure. If the straw is dry, supplement an appropriate amount of water to make the water content of the substrate reach 60%. Cover it tightly with a plastic film and expose it to the sun for fermentation for 40 - 50 days. Then add 15 - 20 parts of urea, 50 - 60 parts of potassium nitrate, 45 - 50 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and 40 - 60 parts of perlite. When the C / N ratio of the substrate is between 35 and 45, it can be used as the substrate for soilless cultivation; (2) Sterilization and disinfection treatment of the substrate: Before using the substrate, first sprinkle 2 - 3% of lime powder on each cubic meter of the substrate for disinfection treatment, then spray 1 - 3% of carbendazim powder, and then disinfect it with a formaldehyde solution with a concentration of 30 - 35%; (3) Transplanting of winged bean plants: Transplant the winged bean seedlings taken out from the seedling room into a plastic pot with an upper mouth diameter greater than 15 cm, put the roots into the substrate in the pot, and after planting, the substrate is 7 - 9 cm away from the pot mouth; (4) Watering treatment for potted plants: Water after potting. First, pour 100% of water when just potted to prevent the newly transplanted plants from wilting due to water shortage. The watering frequency for 5 - 15 days after potting is to water when the water content of the substrate drops to 62.22%. The watering frequency for 15 - 30 days after potting is to water when the water content of the substrate drops to 64.83%. The watering frequency for 30 - 42 days after potting is to water when the water content of the substrate drops to 66.34%. The watering frequency after 42 days of cultivation is to water when the water content of the substrate drops to 68.37%. The amount of water poured into each pot each time is 350 - 500 ml, and it should be completely soaked. The watering frequency is once every four days; (5) Fertilization treatment for potted plants: Apply 200 - 250 g of decomposed human excrement and urine to each pot 5 - 10 days before flowering, and apply 100 - 150 g of phosphoric acid potassium fertilizer and 50 - 100 g of decomposed chicken manure to each pot 5 - 8 days before fruit setting.

[0005] During the cultivation process, the inventor found that the light intensity distribution is uneven, which reduces the yield of winged bean. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To this end, a cultivation method for winged bean in a plant factory is needed to solve the problem of uneven distribution of light intensity and reduce the yield of winged bean.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a cultivation method for winged bean in a plant factory, including the following steps:

[0008] Sowing: Sow the germinated seeds into the seedling medium at a density of 400 - 800 seeds / m 2 ;

[0009] Seedling raising: After the germ of the seeds grows out, raise seedlings at a density of 400 - 800 seeds / m 2 ;

[0010] Cultivation: Plant the seedlings on the cultivation rack at a density of 4 - 8 plants / m 2 . Set the EC of the nutrient solution used for cultivation to 1.8 - 2.2 mS / cm, the pH to 5.5 - 6.5, the temperature to 18 - 25 °C, the carbon dioxide concentration to 350 - 1200 ppm, the relative humidity to 70 - 85%, the light intensity to 350 - 600 μmol·m -2 ·s, and the photoperiod to 10 - 14 hours per day. When the plant grows to 40 - 50 cm, lay the vine flat to make the plant grow horizontally, and top the plant when the vine length reaches 50 - 100 cm.

[0011] Further, during cultivation, the following steps are also included:

[0012] After the main vine of the plant is topped for the first time, turn on the horizontal supplementary light to supplement light to the bottom of the plant.

[0013] Further, during cultivation, the following steps are also included:

[0014] After the plant buds, clean the lateral buds above the third level of the plant every 5 - 7 days.

[0015] Further, during cultivation, the following steps are also included:

[0016] Plant the seedlings on both sides of the cultivation rack at a density of 6 plants / m 2 .

[0017] Further, for cultivation, the proportion of the photon number with a wavelength of 380 - 399 nm is ≤ 0.1%, the proportion of the photon number with a wavelength of 400 - 499 nm is 13 - 15%, the proportion of the photon number with a wavelength of 500 - 599 nm is 17 - 19%, the proportion of the photon number with a wavelength of 600 - 699 nm is 50 - 55%, and the proportion of the photon number with a wavelength of 700 - 780 nm is 13 - 17%.

[0018] Furthermore, during seedling raising, the following steps are also included:

[0019] First seedling raising: After the germ of the seeds emerges, place them on the first seedling-raising rack at a density of 400 - 800 seeds / m 2 . Set the EC of the nutrient solution used for seedling raising to 1.0 - 1.4 mS / cm, the pH to 5.5 - 6.5, the light cycle to 10 - 14 hours per day, the light intensity to 150 - 250 μmol·m -2 ·s, the temperature during the light period to 15 - 30 °C, the temperature during the dark period to 15 - 20 °C, the carbon dioxide concentration to 350 - 1200 ppm, and the relative humidity to 70 - 80%;

[0020] Second seedling raising: Transfer the seeds after the first seedling raising to the second seedling-raising rack, and set the planting density to 54 - 108 plants / m 2 / layer. Set the EC of the nutrient solution used to 1.3 - 1.5 mS / cm, the pH to 5.5 - 6.5, the light cycle to 10 - 14 hours per day, the light intensity to 150 - 250 μmol·m -2 ·s, the temperature during the light period to 20 - 23 °C, the temperature during the dark period to 18 - 20 °C, the carbon dioxide concentration to 350 - 1200 ppm, and the relative humidity to 70 - 85%.

[0021] Furthermore, during the first seedling raising, the following steps are also included:

[0022] Hardening off for 15 - 30 days.

[0023] Furthermore, before sowing, the following step is also included:

[0024] Seed treatment: Place the winged bean seeds in the sun for 2 - 3 days first, then place them in water at 55 - 60 °C for 15 minutes for sterilization, use polyethylene glycol for priming, thoroughly wash the seeds with RO water after priming, soak the washed seeds in RO water at 15 - 25 °C for 12 - 36 hours, and put the soaked seeds into a germination box for germination to obtain germinated seeds.

[0025] Furthermore, during seed treatment, the following steps are also included:

[0026] When soaking the washed seeds in RO water at 15 - 25 °C for 12 - 36 hours, change the RO water every 6 - 8 hours;

[0027] When germinating, take out the seeds when the radicle is 3 - 5 mm long.

[0028] Furthermore, during cultivation, the following steps are also included:

[0029] After the plants show flower buds, comb the leaves at the top of the plants once every 5 - 7 days.

[0030] The above technical solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The transverse planting of winged bean can promote the growth of lateral buds, and the vines twine together. The main vine and the first - and second - level branches are the main pod - bearing parts of winged bean. The branches above the third level are thinner and lack sufficient nutrient supply, with fewer pods and prone to deformity. The purpose of topping is to promote the germination, growth and establishment of the first - and second - level branches, which is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission and can promote pod formation; the relatively optimal nutrient solution formula and nutrient solution regulation technology further promote the yield formation of winged bean under the condition of no rhizobia. Description of the Drawings

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the number of single - crop fruit pods harvested under different planting densities in this embodiment;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the influence of different nutrient solution concentrations on the yield and the number of pods of winged bean in this embodiment;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the influence of different nutrient solution formulas on the number of pods of winged bean in this embodiment;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the influence of different nutrient solution formulas on the fruit weight of winged bean in this embodiment;

[0036] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the root growth of winged bean in a plant factory. Detailed Implementation Modes

[0037] To describe the technical content, structural features, achieved objectives and effects of the technical solution in detail, the following is a detailed description in combination with specific embodiments and accompanied by drawings.

[0038] This embodiment provides a cultivation method for winged bean in a plant factory, including the following steps:

[0039] Sowing: Sow the germinated seeds into the seedling medium at a density of 400 - 800 seeds / m 2 ²;

[0040] Seedling raising: After the germ of the seeds grows out, raise seedlings at a density of 400 - 800 seeds / m 2 ²;

[0041] Cultivation: Plant at a density of 4 - 8 plants / m 2Regarding the density, the seedlings are planted on the cultivation rack. The EC of the nutrient solution used for cultivation is set to 1.8 - 2.2 mS / cm, the pH is set to 5.5 - 6.5, the temperature is set to 18 - 25 °C, the carbon dioxide concentration is set to 350 - 1200 ppm, the relative humidity is set to 70 - 85%, and the light intensity is set to 350 - 600 μmol·m -2 ·s. The photoperiod is set to 10 - 14 hours per day. When the plants grow to 40 - 50 cm, the vines are laid flat to make the plants grow horizontally. When the vines of the plants grow to 50 - 100 cm, topping is carried out.

[0042] The above technical solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] The transverse planting of winged bean can promote the growth of lateral buds. The vines are twined together. The main vine and the first - and second - level branches are the main pod - bearing parts of winged bean. The branches above the third level are thinner and lack sufficient nutrient supply, with fewer pods and prone to deformity. The purpose of topping is to promote the germination and growth of second - level branches for planting, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission and can promote pod formation.

[0044] In this embodiment, the nutrient solution used for cultivation can be Funong 1 nutrient solution. For details, see the patent with the publication number CN108558518A, titled "A hydroponic nutrient solution for improving soybean yield and its preparation and use method". The nutrient solution used for the first and second seedling cultivations can also be Funong 1 nutrient solution.

[0045] In this embodiment, preferably, the day - night temperature for cultivation is maintained at 23 - 25 °C / 20 - 18 °C.

[0046] In this embodiment, 40 - 50 cm (centimeter, length unit) is the preferred horizontal planting height in the plant factory. The time to lay the vines flat should not be too early. The ends of the vines of winged bean are brittle and easy to break. Breaking the main vine too early will cause a large number of lateral vines to grow rapidly, increasing the difficulty and workload of daily management. If the vines are laid flat too late, the main vine will twine around the upper growth lamp, resulting in uneven light distribution.

[0047] In this embodiment, the cultivation density of the seedlings can be 4 plants / m 2 、5 plants / m 2 、6 plants / m 2 、7 plants / m 2 or 8 plants / m 2 , preferably, the cultivation density of the seedlings is 6 plants / m 2 , at a density of 6 plants / m 2 , the seedlings are planted on both sides of the cultivation rack.

[0048] Generally speaking, the growth lights located above the plants (usually turned on the day after planting) shine downward on the plants, which causes the bottom of the plants to be blocked by the top leaves, resulting in very poor light transmission and lack of light. In this embodiment, during cultivation, the following steps are also included: After the main vine of the plant is topped for the first time, turn on the lateral supplementary lights to supplement light to the bottom of the plant. The reason for supplementary lighting is that winged bean grows very vigorously in the plant factory, the light transmission at the bottom is very poor, and the lack of light leads to an increase in flower drop and a decrease in pod formation. Supplementary lighting at the bottom improves the light conditions at the bottom, increases the light transmission in the plant growth area, reduces the humidity in the planting area, and achieves the purpose of increasing the pod formation rate. Supplementary lighting at the bottom can also promote the coloring of the pods and improve the commercial quality of the pods, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing production and income.

[0049] In this embodiment, during cultivation, the following steps are also included:

[0050] After the plants show flower buds, clean the lateral buds above the third level of the plants every 5 - 7 days.

[0051] Inhibit the growth of branches above the third level, increase the permeability of the plant canopy, reduce the mildew of leaves and fallen flowers. Excessive branches will also limit the growth space of the pods and increase the number of curved pods.

[0052] In this embodiment, during cultivation, the proportion of the light quantum number with a wavelength of 380 - 399 nm ≤ 0.1%, the proportion of the light quantum number with a wavelength of 400 - 499 nm is 13 - 15%, the proportion of the light quantum number with a wavelength of 500 - 599 nm is 17 - 19%, the proportion of the light quantum number with a wavelength of 600 - 699 nm is 50 - 55%, and the proportion of the light quantum number with a wavelength of 700 - 780 nm is 13 - 17%.

[0053] In this embodiment, during seedling raising, the following steps are also included:

[0054] First seedling raising: After the germ of the seeds grows, place them on the first seedling - raising rack at a density of 400 - 800 seeds / m 2 . The height of the first seedling - raising rack can be 20 - 40 cm. The EC of the seedling - raising nutrient solution is set to 1.0 - 1.4 mS / cm, the pH is set to 5.5 - 6.5, the light cycle is set to 10 - 14 hours / day, the light intensity is set to 150 - 250 μmol·m -2 ·s, the temperature is set to 15 - 30 °C, the carbon dioxide concentration is set to 350 - 1200 ppm, and the relative humidity is set to 70 - 80%. Among them, during the first seedling raising, the temperature during the light period is set to 15 - 30 °C, and the temperature during the dark period is 15 - 20 °C;

[0055] Second seedling raising: Transfer the seeds after the first seedling raising to the second seedling - raising rack, and the planting density is set to 54 - 108 plants / m2 / layer, the height of the second seedling-raising rack can be 25 - 40 cm, the EC of the seedling-raising nutrient solution is set to 1.3 - 1.5 mS / cm, the pH is set to 5.5 - 6.5, the light cycle is set to 10 - 14 hours / day, the light intensity is set to 150 - 250 μmol·m -2 ·s, the temperature during the light period is set to 20 - 23 °C, the temperature during the dark period is 18 - 20 °C, the carbon dioxide concentration is set to 350 - 1200 ppm, and the relative humidity is set to 70 - 85%; among them, the day and night temperature during the second seedling-raising is maintained at 20 - 23 °C / 20 - 18 °C.

[0056] Multi-stage transplanting seedling-raising can greatly improve the space utilization rate and reduce the seedling-raising cost.

[0057] In this embodiment, the light formula used for the first seedling-raising and the second seedling-raising can be the light formula independently developed by Zhongke San'an. For details, see the Chinese patent with the application number CN201910270563.5 and the title of "Lighting Method for Promoting Plant Growth, Plant Lamp and Its Application".

[0058] In this embodiment, when conducting the first seedling-raising, the following steps are further included:

[0059] Hardening off for 15 - 30 days to gradually adapt to the planting environment.

[0060] The seed coat of winged bean is impermeable to water and cannot imbibe and germinate, remaining in its original size state. Even under suitable water and heat conditions, it cannot imbibe and remains in a dry and hard state for a long time, resulting in problems such as slow germination, uneven germination, and low germination rate. To solve the above problems, in this embodiment, before sowing, the following steps are further included:

[0061] Seed treatment: First, place the winged bean seeds in the sun for 2 - 3 days. The exposure to the sun can play a role in sterilization. Then, place them in water at 55 - 60 °C for 15 minutes for sterilization. Use polyethylene glycol priming. Priming can promote seed germination, improve the germination rate and the uniformity of seedling-raising. After priming, thoroughly wash the seeds with RO water. Soak the washed seeds in RO water at 15 - 25 °C for 12 - 36 hours. Appropriate low temperature is more conducive to the germination of winged bean seeds. Put the soaked seeds into a germination box for germination, and then sowing can be carried out.

[0062] In this embodiment, when conducting seed treatment, the following steps are further included:

[0063] When soaking the washed seeds in RO water at 15 - 25 °C for 12 - 36 hours, change the RO water every 6 - 8 hours;

[0064] When germinating, take out the seeds when the radicle is 3 - 5 mm long.

[0065] In this embodiment, during cultivation, the following steps are further included:

[0066] After the plants show flower buds, the leaves at the top of the plants are combed once every 5 - 7 days.

[0067] Combing the top leaves can enable the inflorescence to receive sufficient light, and the degree of leaf combing should be such that multiple pods can be observed.

[0068] In this embodiment, during cultivation, the following steps are further included:

[0069] When the main vine grows to 50 - 100 cm, the first topping is carried out. When the primary branches and secondary branches grow to 50 - 100 cm respectively, the second and third toppings are required.

[0070] In this embodiment, after cultivation, the following steps are further included:

[0071] Harvesting: The winged bean has lush branches and leaves, and both the pods and leaves are green, making harvesting relatively difficult. Through reasonable pruning and leaf combing, the growth condition of the pods can be better observed, and harvesting can be carried out in a timely manner to avoid over - ripening of the pods affecting the taste. The appropriate weight for single - pod harvesting is 8 - 12 grams. Harvesting the pods too tender results in a less crispy and sweet taste during cooking and is also not conducive to yield formation. When the pods are over - ripe, the beans are harder, and the fiber of the pods increases, making them not suitable for fresh consumption.

[0072] It should be noted that the winged bean is planted in the clean workshop of the plant factory, the source of planting nutrients is inorganic elements, and rhizobia agents are not used during the planting process.

[0073] The following embodiments are set in this application to facilitate readers' understanding:

[0074] Example 1

[0075] Seed treatment: When the weather is sunny, place the winged bean seeds in the sun for 2 - 3 days. Sun exposure can play a role in sterilization. Put the winged bean seeds in warm water at 55 - 60 °C for 15 minutes for sterilization, then use polyethylene glycol for priming. After priming, thoroughly rinse the seeds with RO water. Soak the rinsed seeds in RO water at 15 - 25 °C for 12 - 36 hours. Drain the water and put the soaked seeds into a germination box at 20 - 25 °C to germinate. Take out the seeds for sowing when the radicle grows to 3 - 5 mm;

[0076] Sowing: At a density of 400 seeds / m 2 , evenly sow the germinated seeds into the seedling - raising medium. After the seeds germinate and the plumules grow out, transfer them to the hardening - off rack for hardening - off;

[0077] The first seedling - raising: After germination, at a density of 400 seeds / m 2For the first-stage seedling raising, the density is [density value not provided in the original], the height of the seedling raising rack is 20 - 40 cm, the photoperiod is set to 10 hours per day, and the light intensity is 150 μmol·m -2 ·s. Use the light formula independently developed by Zhongke San'an. During the whole cultivation process, use Funong 1 nutrient solution, set the EC to 1.0 mS / cm, adjust the pH to 5.5, harden the seedlings for 10 - 15 days, the temperature during the light period is 15 - 30 °C, the temperature during the dark period is 15 - 20 °C, the humidity is 70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 ppm;

[0078] Second-stage seedling raising: After the seedlings have two leaves and one heart, conduct the second-stage seedling raising. The height of the seedling raising rack is 25 - 40 cm, and the planting density is 54 plants / m 2 / layer. Add Funong 1 nutrient solution, the EC of the nutrient solution is 1.3 mS / cm, the pH is between 5.5, the light intensity is 150 μmol·m -2 ·s, the photoperiod is 10 hours, use the light formula independently developed by Zhongke San'an, the day and night temperature is maintained at 20 - 23 °C / 20 - 18 °C, the relative humidity is 70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 ppm;

[0079] Cultivation: Select seedlings of similar size, and plant them along both sides of the cultivation rack at a density of 8 plants / m 2 for planting. Turn on the top lights the day after planting. The vines of the plants always grow vertically. The day and night temperature is maintained at 23 - 25 °C / 20 - 18 °C, the relative humidity is 70 - 85%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 - 1200 ppm. The EC of the nutrient solution is 1.8 mS / cm, and the pH is 6.5.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] Seed treatment: When the weather is sunny, place the winged bean seeds in the sun for 2 - 3 days. Sun exposure can play a role in sterilization. Put the winged bean seeds in warm water at 55 - 60 °C for 15 minutes for sterilization, then use polyethylene glycol for priming. After priming, thoroughly rinse the seeds with RO water. Soak the rinsed seeds in RO water at 15 - 25 °C for 12 - 36 hours, drain the water, and put the soaked seeds into a germination box at 20 - 25 °C to germinate. Take out the seeds when the radicle is 3 - 5 mm long for sowing;

[0082] Sowing: At a density of 400 seeds / m 2 , evenly sow the germinated seeds into the seedling raising medium, and transfer them to the hardening rack for hardening after the seed embryos grow;

[0083] First-stage seedling raising: After germination, conduct the first-stage seedling raising at a density of 400 seeds / m 2 , the height of the seedling raising rack is 20 - 40 cm, the photoperiod is set to 10 hours per day, and the light intensity is 150 μmol·m -2 It should be noted that there are some parts in the original text where specific values seem to be missing (such as the density values in some places), and this translation is based on the existing text as accurately as possible.·s, using the light formula independently developed by Zhongke San'an, applying Funong 1 nutrient solution throughout the cultivation process, setting the EC at 1.0 mS / cm, adjusting the pH to 5.5, acclimatizing the seedlings for 10 - 15 days, with a light period of 15 - 30 °C, a dark period of 15 - 20 °C, a humidity of 70%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 350 ppm;

[0084] Second-stage seedling raising: After the seedlings have two leaves and one heart, conduct second-stage seedling raising. The height of the seedling-raising rack is 25 - 40 cm, and the planting density is 54 plants / m 2 / layer. Add Funong 1 Zhongke melon and fruit nutrient solution. The EC of the nutrient solution is 1.3 mS / cm, the pH is between 5.5, and the light intensity is 150 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , with a photoperiod of 10 hours. Using the light formula independently developed by Zhongke San'an, the day and night temperatures are maintained at 20 - 23 °C / 20 - 18 °C, the relative humidity is 70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 ppm;

[0085] Cultivation: Select seedlings of similar plant size and plant them along both sides of the cultivation rack at a density of 8 plants / m 2 . Turn on the top lights the day after planting. The plant vines first grow vertically. When the vines grow to 40 - 50 cm, lay the vines flat. The day and night temperatures are maintained at 23 - 25 °C / 20 - 18 °C, the relative humidity is 70 - 85%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 - 1200 ppm. The EC of the nutrient solution is 1.8 mS / cm, and the pH is 6.5.

[0086] The difference between Example 1 - 2 lies in the different growth directions of the plants, and the rest of the planting parameters are the same. The yields, pod numbers, flowering conditions, and relative chlorophyll contents of the horizontally planted and vertically planted plants are shown in Table 1. Horizontally planting in three layers has more advantages than horizontal planting in terms of the first flowering time, the number of nodes at the first flower, the number of pods, and the weight of tender pods. From the perspective of the relative chlorophyll content, the leaf color of the horizontally planted plants is more uniform. Thus, it can be seen that horizontal planting of winged beans in the plant factory is a more advisable planting method, which can significantly increase production and advance the harvest period.

[0087] Table 1 Growth performance of winged beans under different cultivation methods

[0088]

[0089] Example 3

[0090] Seed treatment: When the weather is fine, the winged bean seeds are placed in the sun for 2 - 3 days. Sun exposure can play a role in sterilization. The winged bean seeds are placed in warm water at 55 - 60 °C for 15 minutes for sterilization, and then primed with polyethylene glycol. After priming, the seeds are thoroughly rinsed with RO water. The rinsed seeds are soaked in RO water at 15 - 25 °C for 12 - 36 hours. After draining the water, the soaked seeds are placed in a germination box at 20 - 25 °C for germination. When the radicle grows to 3 - 5 mm, the seeds are taken out for sowing;

[0091] Sowing: At a density of 400 seeds / m 2 , the germinated seeds are evenly sown into the seedling medium. After the seed germ shoots grow, they are transferred to a hardening rack for hardening;

[0092] First - stage seedling raising: After germination, the first - stage seedling raising is carried out at a density of 400 seeds / m 2 . The height of the seedling rack is 20 - 40 cm. The photoperiod is set to 10 hours per day, and the light intensity is 150 μmol·m -2 ·s. The light formula independently developed by Zhongke San'an is used. The whole cultivation process uses Funong 1 nutrient solution. The EC is set at 1.0 mS / cm, and the pH is adjusted to 5.5. The hardening period is 10 - 15 days. The temperature during the light period is 15 - 30 °C, the temperature during the dark period is 15 - 20 °C, the humidity is 70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 ppm;

[0093] Second - stage seedling raising: After the seedlings have two leaves and one heart, the second - stage seedling raising is carried out. The height of the seedling rack is 25 - 40 cm, and the planting density is 54 plants / m 2 / layer. Funong 1 nutrient solution is added. The EC of the nutrient solution is 1.3 mS / cm, and the pH is 5.5. The light intensity is 150 μmol·m -2 ·s, the photoperiod is 10 hours, and the light formula independently developed by Zhongke San'an is used. The day - night temperature is maintained at 20 - 23 °C / 20 - 18 °C, the relative humidity is 70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 ppm;

[0094] Cultivation: Select seedlings of similar plant size and plant them along both sides of the cultivation rack at a density of 4 plants / m 2 . The top lights are turned on the next day after planting. The day - night temperature is maintained at 23 - 25 °C / 20 - 18 °C, the relative humidity is 70%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 - 1200 ppm, the EC of the nutrient solution is 1.80 mS / cm, and the pH is 6.5.

[0095] Example 4

[0096] Seed treatment: When the weather is fine, place the winged bean seeds in the sun for 2 - 3 days. Sun exposure can play a role in sterilization. Put the winged bean seeds in warm water at 55 - 60 °C for 15 minutes for sterilization, then use polyethylene glycol for priming. After priming, thoroughly rinse the seeds with RO water. Soak the rinsed seeds in RO water at 15 - 25 °C for 12 - 36 hours. Drain the water and put the soaked seeds into a germination box at 20 - 25 °C to germinate. Take out the seeds for sowing when the radicle grows to 3 - 5 mm;

[0097] Sowing: At a density of 400 seeds / m 2 , evenly sow the germinated seeds into the seedling medium. After the seed germ shoots appear, transfer them to a hardening rack for hardening;

[0098] First - stage seedling raising: After germination, conduct the first - stage seedling raising at a density of 400 seeds / m 2 . The height of the seedling - raising rack is 20 - 40 cm. Set the photoperiod to 10 hours per day, and the light intensity to 150 μmol·m -2 ·s. Use the light formula independently developed by Zhongke San'an. Use Fnong 1 nutrient solution throughout the cultivation process. Set EC to 1.0 mS / cm and adjust the pH to 5.5. Harden for 10 - 15 days. The temperature during the light period is 15 - 30 °C, the temperature during the dark period is 15 - 20 °C, the humidity is 70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 ppm;

[0099] Second - stage seedling raising: After the seedlings have two leaves and one heart, conduct the second - stage seedling raising. The height of the seedling - raising rack is 25 - 40 cm, and the planting density is 54 plants / m 2 / layer. Add Fnong 1 nutrient solution. The EC of the nutrient solution is 1.3 mS / cm, and the pH is 5.5. The light intensity is 150 μmol·m -2 ·s, the photoperiod is 10 hours, and use the light formula independently developed by Zhongke San'an. The day - night temperature is maintained at 20 - 23 °C / 20 - 18 °C, the relative humidity is 70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 ppm;

[0100] Cultivation: Select seedlings of similar plant size and conduct planting along both sides of the cultivation rack at a density of 6 plants / m 2 . Turn on the top lights the next day after planting. The day - night temperature is maintained at 23 - 25 °C / 20 - 18 °C, the relative humidity is 70%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 - 1200 ppm, the EC of the nutrient solution is 1.8 mS / cm, and the pH is 6.5.

[0101] Example 5

[0102] Seed treatment: When the weather is sunny, place the winged bean seeds in the sun for 2 - 3 days. Sun exposure can play a role in sterilization. Put the winged bean seeds in warm water at 55 - 60 °C for 15 minutes for sterilization, then use polyethylene glycol for priming. After priming, thoroughly rinse the seeds with RO water. Soak the rinsed seeds in RO water at 15 - 25 °C for 12 - 36 hours. Drain the moisture and put the soaked seeds into a germination box at 20 - 25 °C to germinate. When the radicle grows to 3 - 5 mm, take out the seeds for sowing;

[0103] Sowing: At a density of 400 seeds / m 2 , evenly sow the germinated seeds into the seedling medium. After the seed germ shoots appear, transfer them to a hardening rack for hardening;

[0104] First - stage seedling raising: After germination, conduct the first - stage seedling raising at a density of 400 seeds / m 2 . The height of the seedling - raising rack is 20 - 40 cm. Set the photoperiod to 10 hours per day, and the light intensity to 150 μmol·m -2 ·s. Use the light formula independently developed by Zhongke San'an. Use Funong 1 nutrient solution throughout the cultivation process. Set the EC to 1.0 mS / cm and adjust the pH to 5.5. Harden for 10 - 15 days. The temperature during the light period is 15 - 30 °C, the temperature during the dark period is 15 - 20 °C, the humidity is 70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 ppm;

[0105] Second - stage seedling raising: After the seedlings have two leaves and one heart, conduct the second - stage seedling raising. The height of the seedling - raising rack is 25 - 40 cm. The planting density is 54 plants / m 2 / layer. Add Funong 1 nutrient solution. The EC of the nutrient solution is 1.3 mS / cm and the pH is 5.5. The light intensity is 150 μmol·m -2 ·s, the photoperiod is 10 hours, and use the light formula independently developed by Zhongke San'an. The day - night temperature is maintained at 20 - 23 °C / 20 - 18 °C, the relative humidity is 70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 ppm;

[0106] Cultivation: Select seedlings of similar plant size and conduct planting along both sides of the cultivation rack at a density of 8 plants / m 2 . Turn on the top lights the next day after planting. The day - night temperature is maintained at 23 - 25 °C / 20 - 18 °C, the relative humidity is 70%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 - 1200 ppm, the EC of the nutrient solution is 1.8 mS / cm, and the pH is 6.5.

[0107] Among them, the difference between Examples 3 - 5 lies in the different planting densities, and the other planting parameters are the same. The number of tender fruit pods harvested per unit area and the weight of tender fruit pods of winged bean under different planting densities are shown as Figure 1As shown, when the planting density is 6 plants, the number of harvested pods and the fresh weight of the pods are both higher than those of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus with a planting density of 4 plants and 8 plants. When the planting density is 6 plants, the number of harvested pods and the fresh weight of the pods are both higher than those of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus with a planting density of 8 plants and 4 plants. The number of tender pods increases by 16.79% and 65.80% respectively compared with the density of 8 plants and 4 plants, and the weight of the tender pods increases by 24.96% and 43.56% respectively.

[0108] Example 6

[0109] Seed treatment: When the weather is clear, place the Psophocarpus tetragonolobus seeds in the sun for 2 - 3 days. Sun exposure can play a role in sterilization. Put the Psophocarpus tetragonolobus seeds in warm water at 55 - 60 °C for 15 minutes for sterilization, then use polyethylene glycol priming. After priming, thoroughly rinse the seeds with RO water. Soak the rinsed seeds in RO water at 15 - 25 °C for 12 - 36 hours. Drain the water and put the soaked seeds into a germination box at 20 - 25 °C to germinate. Take out the seeds for sowing when the radicle is 3 - 5 mm long.

[0110] Sowing: At a density of 400 seeds / m 2 , evenly sow the germinated seeds into the seedling medium. After the seed germ shoots emerge, transfer them to a hardening rack for hardening.

[0111] First - stage seedling raising: After germination, conduct the first - stage seedling raising at a density of 400 seeds / m 2 . The height of the seedling rack is 20 - 40 cm. Set the photoperiod to 14 hours / day, the light intensity to 250 μmol·m -2 ·s. Use the light formula independently developed by Zhongke San'an. Use Funong 1 nutrient solution throughout the cultivation process. Set EC to 1.0 mS / cm and adjust the pH to 6.5. Harden for 10 - 15 days. The temperature during the light period is 15 - 30 °C, the temperature during the dark period is 15 - 20 °C, the humidity is 80%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 1200 ppm.

[0112] Second - stage seedling raising: After the seedlings have two leaves and one heart, conduct the second - stage seedling raising. The height of the seedling rack is 25 - 40 cm. The planting density is 54 plants / m 2 / layer. Add Funong 1 nutrient solution. The EC of the nutrient solution is 1.3 mS / cm and the pH is 6.5. The light intensity is 250 μmolm -2 ·s. The photoperiod is 14 hours. Use the light formula independently developed by Zhongke San'an. The day - night temperature is maintained at 20 - 23 °C / 20 - 18 °C, the relative humidity is 85%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 1200 ppm.

[0113] Cultivation: Select seedlings of similar plant size and plant them at 6 plants / m 2The density is planted along both sides of the cultivation rack. The top lights are turned on the day after planting. The day and night temperatures are maintained at 23 - 25°C / 20 - 18°C, the relative humidity is 85%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 1200 ppm, and the nutrient solutions are set to EC = 1.6 mS / cm, EC = 1.8 mS / cm, EC = 2.0 mS / cm, EC = 2.2 mS / cm respectively, and the pH is 6.5.

[0114] Table 2 Nutrient absorption pattern of winged bean at EC = 2.0 mS / cm

[0115]

[0116] This example explores the effect of different nutrient solution concentrations on the pod formation of winged bean during the cultivation period, as Figure 2 shown. Within a certain range (nutrient solution EC ≤ 2.0 mS / cm), as the EC value increases, both the number of pods and the yield show an upward trend. When the nutrient solution EC = 1.6 mS / cm, the number of fruit pods is close to 140 per m 2 , and the weight of tender fruit pods is close to 1200 g per m 2 . When the nutrient solution EC = 1.8 mS / cm, the number of fruit pods is close to 190 per m 2 , and the weight of tender fruit pods is close to 1600 g per m 2 . When the nutrient solution EC = 2.0 mS / cm, the harvest quantity and the fresh weight of fruit pods reach the peak. The harvest quantity per unit area per crop is 275 per m 2 , and the weight of tender fruit pods is 1922 g per m 2 . As the EC value continues to increase, the number of pods and the weight of tender fruit pods show a downward trend. When the nutrient solution EC = 2.2 mS / cm, the number of fruit pods is close to 185 per m 2 , and the weight of tender fruit pods is close to 1600 g per m 2 .

[0117] As can be seen from Table 2, the absorption of major and medium elements by winged bean at different growth stages. The results show that the maximum absorption amount of winged bean at each growth stage is nitrate nitrogen. The absorption rate and total absorption amount of N, K, and Ca by the plant increase significantly from the nutrient solution growth stage to the flowering stage, and the proportion of absorbed nitrogen in the total absorption amount reaches the maximum value. As the fruit pods grow, the absorption rates of P and K increase again, the absorption rate of Fe decreases slightly, and the absorption proportion of nitrogen fertilizer decreases. To sum up, winged bean requires a certain amount of N fertilizer supply during the hydroponic process, but it is not the more the better (as can be seen from the influence of different nutrient solution formulas on winged bean in Example 3). Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be ensured during the fruit pod harvest period.

[0118] Example 7

[0119] Seed treatment: When the weather is sunny, place the winged bean seeds in the sun for 2 - 3 days. Sun exposure can play a role in sterilization. Place the winged bean seeds in warm water at 55 - 60 °C for 15 minutes for sterilization, then use polyethylene glycol priming. After priming, thoroughly rinse the seeds with RO water. Soak the rinsed seeds in RO water at 15 - 25 °C for 12 - 36 hours. Drain the water and put the soaked seeds into a germination box at 20 - 25 °C to germinate. When the radicle grows to 3 - 5 mm, take out the seeds for sowing;

[0120] Sowing: At a density of 400 seeds / m 2 , evenly sow the germinated seeds into the seedling medium. After the seed germ shoots appear, transfer them to a hardening rack for hardening;

[0121] First - stage seedling raising: After germination, conduct the first - stage seedling raising at a density of 400 seeds / m 2 . The height of the seedling rack is 20 - 40 cm. Set the photoperiod to 10 hours per day, and the light intensity is 150 μmol·m -2 ·s. Use the light formula independently developed by Zhongke San'an. Use Funong 1 nutrient solution throughout the cultivation process. Set the EC to 1.0 mS / cm and adjust the pH to 5.5. Harden for 10 - 15 days. The temperature during the light period is 15 - 30 °C, the temperature during the dark period is 15 - 20 °C, the humidity is 70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 ppm;

[0122] Second - stage seedling raising: After the seedlings have two leaves and one heart, conduct the second - stage seedling raising. The height of the seedling rack is 25 - 40 cm, and the planting density is 54 plants / m 2 / layer. Add Funong 1 nutrient solution. The EC of the nutrient solution is 1.3 mS / cm, and the pH is 5.5. The light intensity is 150 μmol·m -2 ·s, the photoperiod is 10 hours, and use the light formula independently developed by Zhongke San'an. The day - night temperature is maintained at 20 - 23 °C / 20 - 18 °C, the relative humidity is 70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 ppm;

[0123] Cultivation: Select seedlings of similar plant size and plant them at 6 plants / m 2The density is planted along both sides of the cultivation rack. The top lights are turned on the day after planting. The day and night temperatures are maintained at 23 - 25°C / 20 - 18°C, the relative humidity is 70%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 350 - 1200 ppm, the nutrient solution EC = 2.0 mS / cm, and the pH is 6.5. The nutrient solutions used are respectively replaced with the following nutrient solutions: Zhongke Melon and Fruit Nutrient Solution (Patent Application No.: CN201910989263.2), Funong 1 Nutrient Solution (Patent Application No.: CN201810570710.6), Funong 2 Nutrient Solution (Patent Application No.: CN201810570750.0), Dongnong Nutrient Solution (Patent Application No.: CN201110462305.0), BSN Nutrient Solution (Patent Application No.: CN201910989303.3) and Japanese Garden Nutrient Solution.

[0124] It can be seen from Figure 3 and Figure 4 that the podding performance of winged bean under different nutrient solutions is as follows. The harvesting time of winged bean planted with Japanese Garden Nutrient Solution is the earliest, 4 days earlier than BSN Nutrient Solution, 8 days earlier than Zhongke Melon and Fruit Nutrient Solution, and more than 10 days earlier than Funong 1, Funong 2 and Dongnong formulas. The number of tender fruit pods harvested and the pod weight under Funong 1 formula are both the best, far higher than the pod numbers under the other formulas. The number of pods is as many as 364 per m 2 , and the quality reaches 2676 g / m 2 , and the annual yield per layer can reach 10.7 kg / m 2 .

[0125] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "including", "comprising" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device. Without further limitation, the elements defined by the statement "including..." or "comprising..." do not exclude the existence of additional elements in the process, method, article or terminal device including the said elements. In addition, in this article, "greater than", "less than", "exceeding" etc. are understood not to include the present number; "above", "below", "within" etc. are understood to include the present number.

[0126] Although the above-described embodiments have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications once they learn the basic creative concept. Therefore, the above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be similarly included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for Psophocarpus tetragonolobus in a plant factory, characterized in that, it includes the following steps: Sowing: Sow the germinated seeds into the seedling medium at a density of 400 - 800 seeds / m 2 ; Seedling raising: After the germ of the seeds grows out, raise seedlings at a density of 400 - 800 seeds per m 2 . Cultivation: Plant the seedlings on the cultivation rack at a density of 4 - 8 plants / m 2 . Set the EC of the nutrient solution used for cultivation to 1.8 - 2.2 mS / cm, the pH to 5.5 - 6.5, the temperature to 18 - 25 °C, the carbon dioxide concentration to 350 - 1200 ppm, the relative humidity to 70 - 85%, the light intensity to 350 - 600 μmol·m -2 ·s, and the photoperiod to 10 - 14 hours per day. When the plants grow to 40 - 50 cm, lay the vines flat to make the plants grow horizontally. When the vine length of the plants reaches 50 - 100 cm, perform topping.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, during cultivation, it further includes the following steps: After the main vine of the plant is topped for the first time, turn on the horizontal supplementary light to supplement light to the bottom of the plant.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, during cultivation, it further includes the following steps: After the plant buds, remove the lateral buds above the third level of the plant every 5 - 7 days.

4. The cultivation method for Psophocarpus tetragonolobus in a plant factory according to claim 1, characterized in that, during cultivation, it further includes the following steps: At a density of 6 plants / m 2 , plant the seedlings on both sides of the cultivation rack.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During cultivation, the proportion of the number of light quanta with a wavelength of 380 - 399nm is ≤0.1%, the proportion of the number of light quanta with a wavelength of 400 - 499nm is 13 - 15%, the proportion of the number of light quanta with a wavelength of 500 - 599nm is 17 - 19%, the proportion of the number of light quanta with a wavelength of 600 - 699nm is 50 - 55%, and the proportion of the number of light quanta with a wavelength of 700 - 780nm is 13 - 17%.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, during seedling raising, it further includes the following steps: First seeding: After the germ of the seeds grows, place them on the first seedling rack at a density of 400 - 800 seeds / m 2 The EC of the nutrient solution used for seeding is set to 1.0 - 1.4 mS / cm, the pH is set to 5.5 - 6.5, the photoperiod is set to 10 - 14 hours / day, and the light intensity is set to 150 - 250 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , the temperature during the light period is set to 15 - 30 °C, the temperature during the dark period is set to 15 - 20 °C, the carbon dioxide concentration is set to 350 - 1200 ppm, and the relative humidity is set to 70 - 80%; Second seeding: Transfer the seeds after the first seeding to the second seedling rack, and set the planting density to 54 - 108 plants / m 2 / layer. Set the EC of the nutrient solution used to 1.3 - 1.5 mS / cm, the pH to 5.5 - 6.5, the photoperiod to 10 - 14 hours / day, and the light intensity to 150 - 250 μmol·m -2 ·s. Set the temperature during the light period to 18 - 23 °C, the temperature during the dark period to 18 - 20 °C, the carbon dioxide concentration to 350 - 1200 ppm, and the relative humidity to 70 - 85%.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, during the first seedling raising, it further includes the following steps: Hardening off for 15 - 30 days.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, before sowing, it further includes the steps: Seed treatment: Place the Psophocarpus tetragonolobus seeds in the sun for 2 - 3 days, then place them in water at 55 - 60°C for 15 minutes for sterilization, use polyethylene glycol for priming, after priming, thoroughly wash the seeds with RO water, soak the washed seeds in RO water at 15 - 25°C for 12 - 36 hours, and put the soaked seeds into a germination box for germination to obtain germinated seeds.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, during seed treatment, it further includes the following steps: When soaking the washed seeds in RO water at 15 - 25°C for 12 - 36 hours, change the RO water every 6 - 8 hours; During germination, take out when the radicle is 3 - 5mm long.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, during cultivation, it further includes the following steps: After the plant buds, comb the leaves at the top of the plant once every 5 - 7 days.

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