Mobile net cage-pond coupling internal circulation ecological breeding method

Abstract

The invention provides a mobile net cage-pond coupling internal circulation ecological breeding method, and belongs to the technical field of ecological breeding. The method specifically comprises the following steps: dividing a pond into a culture area and a water purification area; a net cage is arranged in the breeding area for fry breeding, and aquatic economic organisms and plants are bred in the water purification area at the same time; wherein the net cages account for 5-10% of the area of the pond, the distance between every two adjacent net cages ranges from 2 m to 2.5 m, and the area of each net cage ranges from 15 m < 2 > to 60 m < 2 >; a microporous oxygenation device is arranged at the bottom of the net cage, and a submersible plug-flow aerator is mounted on the outer side of the net cage; and the net cage moves according to the culture condition. According to the ecological breeding method, zero water change and clean breeding of pond breeding can be achieved, ecological and environment-friendly effects are achieved, and meanwhile breeding benefits can be remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pond aquaculture, and in particular to a mobile net cage - pond coupled internal circulation ecological aquaculture method. Background Art

[0002] The traditional pond aquaculture method is a common aquaculture method, which is carried out by restricting pond conditions, selecting aquaculture varieties and disease prevention and control. Usually, a place with sufficient water source, good water quality, convenient drainage and irrigation, convenient transportation and quiet surrounding environment is selected to build a pond. The shape is mostly rectangular, running east - west, which is beneficial to lighting and ventilation. The bottom soil is preferably loam or clay, with good water retention, which is beneficial to maintaining the pond water level and water quality stability; multiple fish species can be polycultured according to market demand and the living habits and feeding habits of different fish species. Through polyculture, the water body space and bait resources of the pond are fully utilized to improve aquaculture efficiency. In addition, before releasing fry, the pond is cleared and disinfected, and an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer is applied to provide natural bait for the fry. During the aquaculture process, the water quality and aquaculture environment are observed regularly to enhance the physique of the fish and improve its disease resistance. The traditional pond aquaculture method has the advantages of relatively small investment, easy - to - master technology, diverse aquaculture varieties, etc., but also has deficiencies such as relatively low yield, difficult water quality management, and being easily affected by the natural environment.

[0003] In addition, the traditional aquaculture method exchanges high - frequency returns by increasing the fry stocking amount and increasing the feed feeding amount. Due to the use of a large number of inputs, the eutrophication of the pond is constantly aggravated, resulting in a series of problems such as the deterioration of the aquaculture water body, frequent occurrence of aquaculture diseases, an increase in the amount of drug use, and a decline in aquaculture efficiency. The untreated aquaculture tail water is directly discharged, causing pollution of the receiving water body.

[0004] Based on this, it is of great practical significance to provide a new aquaculture method that is environmentally friendly and has high aquaculture efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mobile net cage - pond coupled internal circulation ecological aquaculture method, aiming to solve the technical problems such as serious eutrophication, water body deterioration and frequent occurrence of aquaculture diseases in the traditional aquaculture method.

[0006] In order to achieve the above - mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a mobile net cage - pond coupled internal circulation ecological aquaculture method, and the method is specifically as follows:

[0008] Divide the pond into a culture area and a water purification area;

[0009] Set up net cages in the culture area for fry aquaculture, and simultaneously culture aquatic economic organisms and plants in the water purification area;

[0010] Among them, the cage accounts for 5-10% of the pond area, the distance between each cage is 2-2.5 meters, and the area of each cage is 15-60 square meters;

[0011] The bottom of the cage is provided with a microporous aeration device, and a submersible flow-pushing aerator is installed outside the cage;

[0012] The cage is moved according to the breeding situation.

[0013] Furthermore, the aquatic economic organisms include silver carp, bighead carp, xiang fish, shrimps and crabs.

[0014] Furthermore, the plant is one or more of rice, vegetables and flowers.

[0015] Furthermore, the plant is planted through a floating bed, the floating bed is provided with floating bed holes, and fixing cups with appropriate sizes are arranged in the floating bed holes.

[0016] Furthermore, a full-automatic feeding machine is configured in the breeding area for feeding.

[0017] Furthermore, the cage is moved according to the breeding situation, specifically according to the fry breeding situation and the in-situ water quality situation.

[0018] Furthermore, the floating bed can be moved according to the plant breeding situation.

[0019] Furthermore, the planting area of the plant is 20-25% of the pond area.

[0020] Furthermore, an aeration and water-pushing machine is also provided between the breeding area and the water purification area.

[0021] The present invention also provides an application of the mobile cage-pond coupled internal circulation ecological breeding method described in the above technical solution in pond breeding.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention adopts mobile cage-pond coupled internal circulation water ecological breeding, divides the traditional pond into a breeding area and a water purification area. The breeding area uses cages for high-density breeding, and the water purification area uses ecological floating beds, plants, and aquatic economic organisms to purify water bodies. Through the action of the water-pushing machine, the water body and residual bait feces in the breeding area are pushed to the water purification area to form a water body microcirculation in the pond. In the water purification area, the content of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus is reduced through plants and aquatic economic organisms, realizing "zero water change" and clean breeding in pond breeding, being ecological and environmentally friendly. At the same time, the breeding efficiency can be significantly improved;

[0024] In addition, both the net cage and the floating bed of the present invention can be moved. After a period of cultivation, moving the net cage and the floating bed can reduce the impact of residual bait and feces in situ on water quality, optimize water quality conditions, and further improve the cultivation efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Graph showing the changes in TN, NH 4 + -N and NO 3 + -N contents in the experimental group and the control group in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 Graph showing the changes in the TP and PO 4 3- -P mass concentrations in the experimental group and the control group in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0027] The present invention provides a method for ecological aquaculture with an internal circulation coupling a mobile net cage and a pond. The specific method is as follows:

[0028] Divide the pond into a cultivation area and a water purification area;

[0029] Set up net cages in the cultivation area for fry cultivation, and simultaneously cultivate aquatic economic organisms and plants in the water purification area;

[0030] Among them, the net cages account for 5-10% of the pond area, the distance between each net cage is 2-2.5 meters, and the area of each net cage is 15-60 square meters;

[0031] The bottom of the net cage is provided with a microporous aeration device, and a submersible flow-aeration aerator is installed outside the net cage;

[0032] The net cage is moved according to the cultivation situation.

[0033] Whether to cover the net cage of the present invention can be determined according to the types of fry cultivated. Cover the net cage when cultivating active fish such as carp, crucian carp, and blunt snout bream, and do not cover the net cage when cultivating fish such as grass carp and California perch. Whether to cover can be selected according to the well-known cultivation methods in the art; in addition, according to the water area conditions, the net cage is set as a floating net cage by the anchoring method.

[0034] Furthermore, polyethylene knotless netting is selected to make the net cage. The mesh size of the adult fish net cage is 3 cm - 5 cm, and the mesh size of the fry net cage is 1 cm - 1.5 cm; the box body is used in double layers, and the cover net and the polyester knotless netting can be used in single layers; the frame is square or rectangular and can be made of materials such as iron pipes and wooden poles; after the box frame is weighted and enters the water, it is 15 cm - 40 cm above the water surface;

[0035] The floats in the net cages are made of cylindrical or square polystyrene, or closed iron barrels or hard plastic barrels; the floating bridge can be paved with materials such as wooden boards; the sinkers are made of materials such as cast iron, lead, stones, ceramics, etc. The amount of sinkers for each net cage is based on the netting being perpendicular to the water surface; for uncovered net cages, vertical retaining nets should be added to the four sides above the net cage. The retaining nets are 60 cm to 70 cm high, with the bottom edge stitched to the top of the net cage with polyethylene fishing line, and the top edge threaded with a wire rope, and vertically fixed to the frame with iron rods or wooden poles to prevent fish from escaping.

[0036] Regarding the setting of the net cages, if using net cages with independent four-sided frames, it is applicable to static water areas and feeding with a feeding machine. The distance between net cages is 2 to 2.5 m; for the long sides of the shared frame, combining two or more net cages together is applicable to slightly flowing water areas and feeding with a feeding machine, and the distance between net cages is 30 cm to 50 cm.

[0037] In the present invention, for the time of putting fish into the cages for adult fish farming, after the ice melts in spring and the water temperature is appropriate, the fish fry can be put into the cages; for net cage breeding of summer flower fry, they should be put into the cages before the end of June. The stocking specifications and amounts: the fish fry in the same cage should have uniform specifications and be stocked in one go. The specifications of the fish fry for adult fish farming: generally, the one-year-old fish fry are 150 g / tail to 250 g / tail, and the two-year-old fish fry are more than 1000 g / tail, and the stocking amount is 5 kg / m 3 ~10 kg / m 3 , the specifications of the fish fry for net cage breeding are generally 5 g / tail to 15 g / tail, and the stocking amount is 250 tails / m 3 ~500 tails / m 3 .

[0038] The microporous aeration equipment provided at the bottom of the net cage described in the present invention can be used to increase oxygen, and the submersible flow-aeration machine installed outside the net cage can promote the flow of water body to form an internal circulation in the pond;

[0039] In the present invention, the aquatic economic organisms include silver carp, bighead carp, xiang fish, shrimps and crabs.

[0040] In the present invention, the plants are one or more of rice, vegetables and flowers.

[0041] The selection of aquatic economic organisms and plants can be adjusted as long as it meets the local market demand and technical guarantee. When choosing rice as the plant, varieties resistant to lodging should be selected. The present invention purifies the water quality through aquatic economic organisms and plants.

[0042] In the present invention, the plants are planted through floating beds. The floating beds are provided with floating bed holes, and the floating bed holes are provided with fixed cups with appropriate sizes.

[0043] The floating bed of the present invention has extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) as a floating bed, a plastic hollow floating bed, a benzene board, etc. XPS has a perfect closed-cell honeycomb structure, and has the characteristics of extremely low water absorption, low thermal conductivity, high compression resistance and aging resistance. EVA has the characteristics of soft texture, strong toughness, tensile resistance, compression resistance, light resistance, and aging resistance. The EVA board selected by the test has a thickness of 2.0-2.5cm, a specification of 3.0mx1.5m, 86 holes (6x14), an aperture of 10.0cm, and a center distance of 20cm between holes. The floating beds are connected with cable ties, the edges of the floating boards are connected with ropes, and the ropes are connected with the floating boards with cable ties. The length of each group of floating boards can be freely selected according to the layout position of the pond. The floating bed is placed on both sides of the two narrow sides of the pond, and a certain distance is left between the two rows of floating boards, which is a channel for subsequent management, seedling filling and rice harvesting. The floating bed is neatly placed in the planned position and relatively fixed with nylon ropes.

[0044] The size of the fixed cup of the present invention is matched with that of the floating bed hole, and the texture is mostly made of plastic, which can be used for 2 to 3 years if well preserved. Considering that the gap at the bottom of the fixed cup is small, which affects the rooting of rice, holes can be punched around the fixed cup so that the rice can root outward and absorb nutrients. The culture substrate can be selected from fixed cotton, field soil, and pond mud. In mid-to-late May, the water temperature of the pond is relatively low, the fish feed is less, and the content of nutrient and aquaculture substances in the pond water is also relatively low. In order to ensure that there are sufficient nutrients in the rice seedling stage, the pond mud can be selected as the cultivation substrate. The use of pond mud can not only provide nutrients for the growth of seedlings, but also reduce the impact of weeds on rice growth.

[0045] In the present invention, a fully automatic feeding machine is arranged in the breeding area for feeding bait.

[0046] In the present invention, the cage is moved according to the breeding conditions, specifically according to the fry breeding conditions and the original water quality conditions.

[0047] In the present invention, the floating bed can be moved according to the plant cultivation situation.

[0048] In the present invention, the planting area of ​​the plants is 20-25% of the pond area.

[0049] The present invention also includes arranging an oxygen-increasing water pusher between the breeding area and the water purification area.

[0050] The present invention uses the water pushing effect of the water pusher to push the water and residual bait and feces in the breeding area to the water purification area, forming a water microcirculation in the pond. The water purification area reduces the content of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus through the purification effect of plants such as rice, vegetables, flowers and aquatic animals such as silver carp and bighead carp, thereby realizing clean breeding, with outstanding ecological and environmental advantages, and realizing "zero emission" in pond breeding. It is an important innovation to the traditional pond breeding model.

[0051] In the present invention, integrated polyculture of pond aquaculture with fish-vegetable, fish-rice, fish-flower symbiosis and other models is adopted, and "zoned aquaculture and off-site treatment" is used. High-density aquaculture is carried out by setting up cages in the pond, and the area outside the cages in the aquaculture pond is used as an ecological water purification area, realizing an integrated aquaculture model of ecologicalization, landscaping and leisure of aquaculture;

[0052] The three-dimensional ecological aquaculture model of cage pond fish-vegetable creatively combines the ecological aquaculture and planting technology of fish-vegetable symbiosis, cage aquaculture technology and ecological water purification technology, and integrates the ecological and sustainable development agricultural technologies of fishery aquaculture, plant nutrition physiology, environment and physical chemistry. The material cycle of the cage pond fish-vegetable ecosystem removes excessive nitrogen, phosphorus and suspended particles in the aquaculture water body and controls the overgrowth of algae through the absorption and transformation of nutrients in the water body by plants on the carrier, the shading of plant stems and leaves and the carrier, and the inhibition of algae by chemical substances secreted by plant roots. It not only has the functions of beautifying the environment, purifying water, inhibiting bacteria, increasing oxygen by photosynthesis and reducing the eutrophication of pond water body, but also has the effects of improving the quality of aquatic products, producing green vegetables, purifying water quality, and increasing the added value of the fishery industry.

[0053] The present invention also provides the application of the mobile cage-pond coupled internal circulation ecological aquaculture method described in the above technical solution in pond aquaculture.

[0054] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials required for preparation are all commercially available products well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0055] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] (1) Select 6 ponds with an area of 3335 square meters each and a maximum water injection depth of 3.2 m; prepare 15 knotless polyethylene cages with specifications of 6.0 m x 9.0 m x 2.5 m and a mesh size of 3.0 cm. The cage frame is welded by 6-point steel pipes, and the floats are cylindrical plastic barrels. One feeding machine is installed on each cage, a microporous aeration device is installed at the bottom of the cage, and one submersible flow-pushing aerator is installed outside the cage to promote water flow;

[0058] The culture medium is pond bottom mud, the feed is conventional feed with a crude protein content of 32%; the floating board has specifications of 3.80 m x 1.45 m, 90 holes per floating board, the diameter of the fixed cup is 11.0 cm, which matches the size of the floating board holes; a fully automatic feeding machine is configured, a submersible flow-pushing aerator is used for water pushing, and the microporous aeration device is composed of a high-pressure vortex blower and microporous aeration pipes;

[0059] The above materials are divided into an experimental group and a control group;

[0060] (2) There are 3 ponds in the experimental group and 3 ponds in the control group. Each experimental group is equipped with 5 cages in the pond, while the control group is not equipped with cages. In the experimental group, floating-bed rice is planted on the pond surface at 20% of the pond area. Each pond in the control group is equipped with 1 feeding machine and 2 impeller aerators; the experimental group is equipped with a feeding machine, micro-pore aeration and water-pushing aerators;

[0061] (3) In the experimental group and the control group, 2,200 crucian carps, 40 silver carps and 20 bighead carps are respectively stocked per 667 square meters. In the experimental group, the main-cultured crucian carps are put into the cages, while the silver carps and bighead carps are directly stocked in the pond; in the control group, the crucian carps, silver carps and bighead carps are directly stocked in the pond;

[0062] (4) The experimental group and the control group are respectively fed once at 06:00, 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00 every day, and the feeding amount accounts for 3% - 4% of the total fish body mass. The micro-pore aeration equipment in the experimental group is turned on for 24 hours, and the submersible water-pushing aerator is turned on once at 04:00, 06:00 and 18:00 - 20:00 every day to form an internal circulation of the pond water, timely supplement the water lost due to evaporation and seepage, without changing the water. In the control group, the water is appropriately changed according to the water quality under the condition of supplementing the evaporated and leaked water. Patrol the pond before and after each feeding, observe the activities, feeding, diseases and equipment operation conditions of the fish, and timely fish out the dead fish and weigh them;

[0063] (5) Detect the water quality of the experimental group and the control group, measure the nitrogen-containing compounds in it. The changes of TN, NH 4 + -N and NO 3 + -N are as shown in Figure 1 shown. Based on Figure 1 it can be known that TN, NH 4 + -N and NO 3 + -N in the experimental group are always significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the experimental group is respectively reduced by 50.69%, 69.12% and 55.23% on average compared with the control group;

[0064] The changes of TP and PO 4 3- -P mass concentrations in the experimental group and the control group are as shown in Figure 2 shown. Based on Figure 2 it can be known that the change trends of TP and PO 4 3- -P mass concentrations in the experimental group are basically the same. They both slowly increase after the start of the experiment and then slowly decrease, and the highest values are 0.22 and 0.13 mg / l respectively. TP and PO 4 3-- The minimum values of the -P mass concentration were 0.09 and 0.05 mg respectively. The TP and PO in the experimental group 4 3- - The -P mass concentration was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), with an average decrease of 62.62% and 54.20% respectively (P < 0.05);

[0065] The fish growth and feed utilization in the experimental group and the control group are shown in Table 1. Based on Table 1, there were no significant differences in the SR of silver carp and bighead carp, the out - of - pond size of bighead carp and the yield per unit area between the experimental group and the control group (P > 0.05). The out - of - pond size of crucian carp, SR and the yield per unit area in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group by 5.25%, 7.58% and 13.28% respectively (P < 0.05). The out - of - pond size and the yield per unit area of silver carp in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group by 17.18% and 18.15% respectively (P < 0.05). The mass increase of crucian carp in the experimental group per 667 m 2 was 21.54% higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the FCR decreased by 4.73% (P < 0.05).

[0066] Table 1 Fish growth and feed utilization

[0067]

[0068] Based on the above, using the breeding method described in the present invention can significantly reduce the nitrogen content in pond water and improve water quality; and can significantly improve the fish breeding efficiency.

[0069] The above - mentioned is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mobile cage-pond coupled internal circulation ecological farming method, characterized in that: The method is specifically as follows: Divide the pond into breeding area and water purification area; Net cages are set up in the culture area to culture fish fry, and aquatic economic organisms and plants are cultured simultaneously in the water purification area; The cages occupy 5-10% of the pond area, the spacing between the cages is 2-2.5 meters, and the area of ​​each cage is 15-60 square meters; A microporous oxygenation device is provided at the bottom of the net cage, and a submersible flow aerator is installed on the outside of the net cage; The net cage is moved according to the breeding situation.

2. The mobile cage-pond coupled internal circulation ecological farming method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The aquatic economic organisms include silver carp, bighead carp, catfish, shrimp and crab.

3. The mobile cage-pond coupled internal circulation ecological farming method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The plants are one or more of rice, vegetables and flowers.

4. The mobile cage-pond coupled internal circulation ecological farming method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The plants are planted on a floating bed, the floating bed is provided with floating bed holes, and the floating bed holes are provided with fixed cups of suitable sizes.

5. The mobile cage-pond coupled internal circulation ecological farming method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The breeding area is equipped with a fully automatic feeding machine for feeding bait.

6. The mobile cage-pond coupled internal circulation ecological farming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The net cage is moved according to the breeding conditions, specifically according to the fry breeding conditions and the original water quality conditions.

7. The mobile cage-pond coupled internal circulation ecological farming method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The floating bed can be moved according to the plant cultivation situation.

8. The mobile cage-pond coupled internal circulation ecological farming method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The planting area of ​​the plants is 20-25% of the pond area.

9. The mobile cage-pond coupled internal circulation ecological farming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes installing an oxygen-enhancing water pusher between the breeding area and the water purification area.

10. Application of the mobile cage-pond coupled internal circulation ecological farming method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in pond farming.

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