Nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material, which belongs to the technical field of cable materials, and effectively improves the temperature resistance and scratch resistance of electric wires through a special formula and a special manufacturing process, the temperature resistance grade of the electric wires can reach 150 DEG C, and the scratch resistance is improved from 30 times of ordinary materials to more than 100 times. The electric wire produced by using the material disclosed by the invention is used for a battery, a motor temperature sensing wire, a motor control wire and a motor power supply transmission wire on a new energy automobile, and the physical temperature resistance and the mechanical wear resistance of the electric wire are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cable materials, and in particular to a nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] An electric vehicle is a vehicle driven by electric energy, so it uses a large number of temperature sensors and special wires with very high mechanical property requirements. These wires cannot meet their usage requirements in existing solutions. The temperature sensor wires are required to have a temperature grade of 150 °C and be insulated and abraded more than 100 times during the use of the vehicle.

[0003] When an electric vehicle is in use, conductors or other components generate heat due to resistance. These heats need to be monitored by temperature sensors to ensure the safety of the electric vehicle due to temperature rise: when the electric vehicle is in use, the temperature sensor wires rub against each other due to jitter and are abraded. The present invention will solve the problem that when the temperature sensors rub against each other, the insulating layer is not abraded to cause a short circuit, thereby causing the temperature of the vehicle battery and the like to get out of control and posing a major safety hazard.

[0004] For the high-voltage wires and high-voltage connectors of the battery, motor, electric control, etc. of an electric vehicle, during operation, the usage environment and usage requirements of their wires are different from the technical solutions of other original electrical appliances. Among the existing insulating polyolefin materials, those with a heat resistance grade that can meet the requirements cannot meet the abrasion resistance requirements (such as silicone resin, polyurethane in existing solutions); those that meet the abrasion resistance requirements cannot meet the heat resistance requirements (such as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene in existing insulating material solutions).

[0005] Therefore, providing a new nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material that can simultaneously meet the abrasion resistance and heat resistance requirements and a preparation method thereof is a technical problem that those skilled in the art urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material, comprising the following raw materials in mass percentage:

[0009] 38.0 - 42.0% nano aluminum hydroxide, 12.0 - 15.0% polyethylene, 5.0 - 6.0% ethylene - octene copolymer, 6.0 - 8.0% acrylonitrile - butadiene, 8.0 - 10.0% maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, 0.5 - 1.0% dimethyl polysiloxane, 22.0 - 25.0% polyethylene - vinyl acetate, 1.0 - 1.5% tris(2,4 - di - tert - butylphenyl) phosphite, 0.2 - 0.3% pentaerythritol lauryl thiodipropionate, 0.2 - 0.3% dilauryl thiodipropionate, 0.3 - 0.5% 1,2 - bis(3,5 - di - tert - butyl - 4 - hydroxy - benzoyl) hydrazine, 0.5 - 1.0% trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 1.5 - 2.5% polypropylene.

[0010] The present invention also provides a preparation method of the above - mentioned nano aluminum - plastic soft alloy insulating material, including the following steps;

[0011] (1) Weigh each raw material according to the above mass percentages;

[0012] (2) Mix polyethylene and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene evenly by stirring, then put them into the kneading chamber of a kneader for kneading, and then add them into a granulator to granulate to obtain particles with a diameter of 2 - 3 mm. After natural cooling, the kneaded particles of polyethylene and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene are obtained and reserved.

[0013] (3) Mix the kneaded particles of polyethylene and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with the remaining raw materials, put them into the kneading chamber of a kneader for kneading, and then add them into a granulator to granulate to obtain particles with a diameter of 2 - 3 mm. After natural cooling by blowing, the nano aluminum - plastic soft alloy insulating material particles are obtained.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (2), the kneading temperature is 160°C - 170°C, and the kneading time is 20 - 25 min.

[0015] Even further, in step (2), the length - diameter ratio of the granulator is 1:26, the temperature of the first section of the granulator is 140°C, the temperature of the second section is 160°C, the temperature of the third section is 165°C, the temperature of the fourth section is 165°C, the temperature of the fifth section is 170°C, the temperature of the machine neck is 170°C, and the temperature of the die orifice is 170°C.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (3), the kneading temperature is 170°C - 180°C, and the kneading time is 30 - 35 min.

[0017] Even further, in step (3), the length - diameter ratio of the granulator is 1:26, the temperature of the first section of the granulator is 145°C, the temperature of the second section is 150°C, the temperature of the third section is 160°C, the temperature of the fourth section is 165°C, the temperature of the fifth section is 170°C, the temperature of the machine neck is 175°C, and the temperature of the die orifice is 175°C.

[0018] The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material in the preparation of electric wires, and the electric wires include the following preparation steps:

[0019] 1) Using a special wire extrusion machine, the nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material is coated on the wire conductor. The screw of the extrusion machine uses a back-pressure double-thread. Set the temperature of the first section at 145°C, the second section at 150°C, the third section at 160°C, the fourth section at 165°C, the fifth section at 165°C, the neck temperature at 170°C, the die temperature at 165°C, and the extrusion speed at 80-100 m / min;

[0020] 2) The wire conductor coated with the nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material prepared in step 1) is irradiated and crosslinked with a γ-ray electron accelerator using an irradiation dose of 15 Mrad - 18 Mrad. The molecular structure of the nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material is re-crosslinked and combined to obtain the product electric wire.

[0021] In the above solution of the present invention, chemical bonds are formed between the polymer high molecular chains through irradiation crosslinking or new linking bonds are formed by the combination of free radicals, changing from a chain molecular structure to a network molecular structure, and its properties change accordingly: ① It changes from being meltable to non-meltable, and the high-temperature resistance and strength at high temperatures are significantly improved; ② New linking bonds are formed between molecules, preventing the relative slippage of molecules, increasing rigidity, and reducing creep behavior; ③ The stress cracking resistance and wear resistance are improved to meet the temperature and wear resistance requirements of the wires used inside the vehicle under operating conditions.

[0022] Further, the coating thickness of the nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material in step 1) is 0.25 mm.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Through a special formula and a special manufacturing process, the materials of the present invention effectively improve the temperature resistance and scratch resistance of electric wires. The temperature resistance level can reach 150°C, and the number of scratch resistance times is increased from 30 times of ordinary materials to more than 100 times. The electric wires produced using the materials of the present invention are used for battery, motor temperature sensing wires, motor control wires, and motor power transmission wires in new energy vehicles, and their physical temperature resistance performance and mechanical wear resistance have been greatly improved. Specific Embodiments

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material:

[0027] (1) Weigh 40.0 kg of nano aluminum hydroxide, 12.0 kg of polyethylene, 5.5 kg of ethylene-octene copolymer, 7.0 kg of acrylonitrile-butadiene, 9.0 kg of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, 0.8 kg of dimethyl polysiloxane, 22.0 kg of polyethylene-vinyl acetate, 1 kg of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, 0.2 kg of pentaerythritol lauryl thiodipropionate, 0.2 kg of dilauryl thiodipropionate, 0.3 kg of 1,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl) hydrazine, 0.5 kg of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and 1.5 kg of polypropylene;

[0028] (2) Mix polyethylene and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene evenly, then put them into the internal mixer in the internal mixer cylinder for internal mixing. Set the internal mixing temperature at 160 °C and the internal mixing time at 20 min. Then add them to a granulator with a length-diameter ratio of 1:26. Set the temperature of the first section at 140 °C, the second section at 160 °C, the third section at 165 °C, the fourth section at 165 °C, the fifth section at 170 °C, the neck temperature at 170 °C, and the die temperature at 170 °C. Granulate to obtain particles with a diameter of 2-3 mm. After natural cooling, obtain the mixed particles of polyethylene and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene for standby.

[0029] (3) Mix the mixed particles of polyethylene and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with the remaining raw materials, put them into the internal mixer in the internal mixer cylinder for internal mixing. Set the internal mixing temperature at 170 °C and the internal mixing time at 30 min. Then add them to a granulator with a length-diameter ratio of 1:26. Set the temperature of the first section at 145 °C, the second section at 150 °C, the third section at 160 °C, the fourth section at 165 °C, the fifth section at 170 °C, the neck temperature at 175 °C, and the die temperature at 175 °C. Granulate to obtain particles with a diameter of 2-3 mm. After natural cooling by blowing, obtain the nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material particles.

[0030] (4) Use a special wire extruder to coat the prepared nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material on the wire conductor. The extruder screw uses a back-pressure double-thread. Set the temperature of the first section at 145 °C, the second section at 150 °C, the third section at 160 °C, the fourth section at 165 °C, the fifth section at 165 °C, the neck temperature at 170 °C, and the die temperature at 165 °C. The extrusion speed is 80-100 m / min; the insulation thickness is 0.3 mm.

[0031] (5) Irradiate and crosslink the wire conductor coated with nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material prepared in step (4) with a γ-ray electron particle accelerator using a radiation dose of 17 Mrad. The molecular structure of the nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material is re-crosslinked and combined to obtain the product wire.

[0032] Test 1 Temperature Resistance Aging Test

[0033] Take 5 wires of Example 1, with a length of 200 mm, make marks, remove the conductor, and then put them into an aging oven at 180°C ± 2°C. After 168 hours, take them out and test the tensile strength and elongation at break after aging.

[0034] Measured results: Sample 1: Tensile strength after aging is 9.1 MPa, elongation at break is 242%;

[0035] Sample 2: Tensile strength after aging is 8.7 MPa, elongation at break is 248%;

[0036] Sample 3: Tensile strength after aging is 8.4 MPa, elongation at break is 256%;

[0037] Sample 4: Tensile strength after aging is 8.5 MPa, elongation at break is 246%;

[0038] Sample 5: Tensile strength after aging is 9.1 MPa, elongation at break is 240%;

[0039] Test 2 Scratch Resistance Test

[0040] Take 1 wire of the example, make marks, with a length of 1000 mm, put it into a wire scratch tester. The diameter of the scratch needle is 0.45 mm, the load is 100 g, the needle displacement is 20 mm, the frequency is 55 times / minute (one round trip of the needle displacement is one time), and it is divided into 4 times, each time separated by 100 mm in 4 directions, and test the minimum number of times to wear through the wire insulation layer.

[0041] Measured results: The number of scratch times at point A is 122 times;

[0042] The number of scratch times at point B is 132 times;

[0043] The number of scratch times at point C is 128 times;

[0044] The number of scratch times at point D is 150 times.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] It is basically the same as the solution of Example 1, and the difference is that it is prepared with the following raw materials: 78.0 kg of nano-aluminum hydroxide, 24.0 kg of polyethylene, 11 kg of ethylene-octene copolymer, 14.0 kg of acrylonitrile-butadiene, 18.0 kg of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, 1.6 kg of dimethyl polysiloxane, 44.0 kg of polyethylene-vinyl acetate, 2.0 kg of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, 0.4 kg of pentaerythritol dodecyl thio-propionate, 0.4 kg of dilauryl thiodipropionate, 0.6 kg of 1,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoyl) hydrazine, 1.5 kg of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 3.0 kg of polypropylene.

[0047] Test 1 Heat Resistance Aging Test

[0048] Take 5 wires of Example 1, with a length of 200 mm, make good marks, remove the conductor, then put them into an aging oven at 180°C ± 2°C, take them out after 168 hours, and test the tensile strength and elongation after aging.

[0049] Measured results: Sample 1: Tensile strength after aging is 9.0 MPa, elongation is 241%;

[0050] Sample 2: Tensile strength after aging is 8.4 MPa, elongation is 246%;

[0051] Sample 3: Tensile strength after aging is 8.5 MPa, elongation is 245%;

[0052] Sample 4: Tensile strength after aging is 9.0 MPa, elongation is 246%;

[0053] Sample 5: Tensile strength after aging is 9.1 MPa, elongation is 240%;

[0054] Test 2 Scratch Resistance Test

[0055] Take 1 wire of the example, make good marks, with a length of 1000 mm, put it into a wire scratch tester, the diameter of the scratch needle is 0.45 mm, the load is 100 grams, the needle displacement is 20 mm, the frequency is 55 times / minute (one round trip of the needle displacement is one time), divide it into 4 times, each time at an interval of 100 mm in 4 directions, and test the minimum number of times to wear through the wire insulation layer.

[0056] Measured results: The number of scratch times at point A is 110 times;

[0057] The number of scratch times at point B is 131 times;

[0058] The number of scratch times at point C is 129 times;

[0059] The number of scratch times at point D is 150 times.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] It is basically the same as the solution in Example 1, except that it is prepared with the following raw materials: 200.0 kg of nano aluminum hydroxide, 60.0 kg of polyethylene, 27.5 kg of ethylene-octene copolymer, 35.0 kg of acrylonitrile-butadiene, 45.0 kg of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, 4.0 kg of dimethyl polysiloxane, 110.0 kg of polyethylene-vinyl acetate, 5.0 kg of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, 1.0 kg of pentaerythritol lauryl thiodipropionate, 1.0 kg of dilauryl thiodipropionate, 1.5 kg of 1,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl) hydrazine, 2.5 kg of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and 7.5 kg of polypropylene

[0062] Test 1 Temperature Aging Test

[0063] Take 5 wires from Example 1, with a length of 200 mm, make good marks, remove the conductor, and then put them into an aging oven at 180°C ± 2°C. Take them out after 168 hours and test the tensile strength and elongation after aging.

[0064] The measured results: Sample 1: Tensile strength after aging is 8.6 MPa, elongation is 244%;

[0065] Sample 2: Tensile strength after aging is 8.4 MPa, elongation is 236%;

[0066] Sample 3: Tensile strength after aging is 8.8 MPa, elongation is 245%;

[0067] Sample 4: Tensile strength after aging is 8.6 MPa, elongation is 242%;

[0068] Sample 5: Tensile strength after aging is 9.2 MPa, elongation is 242%;

[0069] Test 2 Scratch Resistance Test

[0070] Take 1 wire from the example, make good marks, with a length of 1000 mm, put it into a wire scratch test instrument. The diameter of the scratch needle is 0.45 mm, the load is 100 grams, the needle displacement is 20 mm, and the frequency is 55 times / minute (one round trip of the needle displacement is one time). Divide it into 4 times, each time separated by 100 mm in 4 directions, and test the minimum number of times to wear through the wire insulation layer.

[0071] The measured results: The number of scratch times at point A is 112 times;

[0072] The number of scratch times at point B is 136 times;

[0073] The number of scratch times at point C is 128 times;

[0074] The number of scratch times at point D is 147 times.

[0075] Test Example 1

[0076] Comparative Example 1 Temperature Resistance Aging Comparative Test

[0077] Take 5 wires of the same specification produced from two different materials (polyolefin insulation material and the nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulation material of Example 1) with an insulation thickness of 0.3 mm, each with a length of 200 mm. Make good markings, remove the conductor, then place them in an aging oven at 180°C ± 2°C. After 168 hours, take them out and test the tensile strength and elongation after aging. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0078] Comparative Example 2 Scratch Resistance Comparative Test

[0079] Take 1 wire of the same specification produced from two different materials (original polyolefin insulation material and the nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulation material of Example 1) with an insulation thickness of 0.3 mm, and make good markings. The length is 1000 mm. Place it in a wire scratching tester. The diameter of the scratching needle is 0.45 mm, the load is 100 grams, the needle displacement is 20 mm, and the frequency is 55 times / minute (one round trip of the needle displacement is one time). Divide it into 4 times, each time at an interval of 100 mm in 4 directions, and test the minimum number of times to wear through the wire insulation layer.

[0080] Table 1

[0081]

[0082] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material, characterized in that: Including the following raw materials in mass percentage: 38.0-42.0% of nano-aluminum hydroxide, 12.0-15.0% of polyethylene, 5.0-6.0% of ethylene-octene copolymer, 6.0-8.0% of acrylonitrile-butadiene, 8.0-10.0% of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, 0.5-1.0% of dimethylpolysiloxane, 22.0-25.0% of polyethylene-vinyl acetate, 1.0-1.5% of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, 0.2-0.3% of pentaerythritol dodecathiopropyl ester, 0.2-0.3% of didodecyl thiodipropionate, 0.3-0.5% of 1,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenylpropionyl)hydrazine, 0.5-1.0% of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and 1.5-2.5% of polypropylene.

2. A method for preparing a nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Weighing the raw materials according to the mass percentages described in claim 1; (2) The polyethylene and the maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene are mixed and stirred uniformly, and then put into a banburying cylinder for banburying, and then added to a granulator for granulation to obtain particles with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm. After natural cooling, the mixed particles of polyethylene and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene are obtained and set aside. (3) The mixed particles of polyethylene and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene are mixed with the remaining raw materials, put into a banbury mixer for banburying, and then put into a granulator for granulation to obtain particles with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm. After natural cooling by blowing air, nano-aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material particles are obtained.

3. The method for preparing a nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The banburying temperature in step (2) is 160° C. to 170° C., and the banburying time is 20 to 25 minutes.

4. The method for preparing a nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The aspect ratio of the granulator in step (2) is 1:26, the temperature of the first section of the granulator is 140°C, the temperature of the second section is 160°C, the temperature of the third section is 165°C, the temperature of the fourth section is 165°C, the temperature of the fifth section is 170°C, the temperature of the machine neck is 170°C, and the temperature of the eye mold is 170°C.

5. The method for preparing a nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The banburying temperature in step (3) is 170° C. to 180° C., and the banburying time is 30 to 35 minutes.

6. The method for preparing a nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The aspect ratio of the granulator in step (3) is 1:26, the temperature of the first section of the granulator is 145°C, the temperature of the second section is 150°C, the temperature of the third section is 160°C, the temperature of the fourth section is 165°C, the temperature of the fifth section is 170°C, the temperature of the machine neck is 175°C, and the temperature of the eye mold is 175°C.

7. Use of the nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material according to claim 1 in the preparation of electric wires.

8. The use of a nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material in the preparation of electric wires according to claim 7, characterized in that: The electric wire comprises the following preparation steps: 1) Use a special extrusion machine for wires to coat the nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulation material on the wire conductor. The screw of the extrusion machine uses a reverse pressure double thread. Set the first section temperature to 145°C, the second section temperature to 150°C, the third section temperature to 160°C, the fourth section temperature to 165°C, the fifth section temperature to 165°C, the machine neck temperature to 170°C, the eye mold temperature to 165°C, and the extrusion speed to 80-100m / min; 2) The wire conductor coated with the nano-aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material prepared in step 1) is irradiated and cross-linked using a gamma-ray electric particle accelerator with an irradiation dose of 15Mrad to 18Mrad, and the molecular structure of the nano-aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material is re-connected and combined to obtain a finished wire.

9. The use of a nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulating material in the preparation of electric wires according to claim 8, characterized in that: The coating thickness of the nano aluminum-plastic soft alloy insulation material in step 1) can be as thin as 0.25 mm.

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