Collapsible loess high and steep slope ecological restoration system and method

Abstract

The invention provides a collapsible loess high and steep slope ecological restoration system and method.The collapsible loess high and steep slope ecological restoration system comprises a foundation fixing structure, a net hanging structure, a matrix layer and a vegetation layer, the foundation fixing structure comprises a plurality of wood laths installed on a slope surface at intervals, the net hanging structure comprises a protective net laid on the foundation fixing structure, the matrix layer is sprayed and seeded between every two adjacent wood laths on the slope surface, and the vegetation layer is arranged on the slope surface. The vegetation layer is sprayed and seeded on the substrate layer. According to the invention, the wood laths and the protective net are arranged to ensure that a matrix material for spray seeding can reach a certain thickness on the slope surface, so that the matrix forms a durable integral plate on the slope surface, the anti-scouring capability of the matrix is improved, and the growth requirements of plants are met; the special matrix material and the spray-seeding process are adopted, the ecological landscape can be improved quickly, and a good greening effect can be achieved within half a year generally. The scheme is suitable for various places with greening difficulty, such as rocks, hard soil, sandy soil, barren lands, acid soil, drought zones, dams and the like, and manual maintenance and intervention are not needed in the later period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vegetation planting, and particularly relates to a collapsible loess high-steep slope ecological restoration system and method. Background Art

[0002] For collapsible loess high-steep slopes, due to their steep slopes, loose soil, poor soil fertility, and serious soil erosion, there are no vegetation conditions, and it is very difficult to restore the original ecological balance only by natural forces.

[0003] In the prior art, the slope ecological restoration technologies mainly include soil spraying seeding, thick-layer base material spraying seeding, high-order aggregate spraying seeding technology, etc. Soil spraying seeding is a vegetation restoration technology that mixes and stirs evenly improved soil, adhesives, fertilizers, organic matter, seeds, water and other materials to make a spraying base material, creating a soil structure with a certain thickness similar to the natural topsoil, so that plant seeds can take root, germinate and grow; its base material has no strength, cannot resist rain erosion, the base material is easy to fall off and be lost, and the nutrient content is low and the persistence is weak. Thick-layer base material spraying seeding, abbreviated as TBS, belongs to the improved soil spraying seeding technology. It is a vegetation restoration technology that configures organic matter, slow-release fertilizer, compound fertilizer, adhesive, water-retaining agent, etc. into a special lightweight matrix, mixes it evenly with planting soil and vegetation seeds in proportion, and then sprays it onto the slope surface. It belongs to the improved soil spraying seeding; its base material has a certain strength, but the anti-scouring ability is weak and the nutrients are easy to be lost. The biggest difference between the high-order aggregate spraying seeding technology and the soil spraying seeding and TBS technologies is that a high-order aggregate agent is added to the base material. Its artificial soil forms a honeycomb structure, which has water retention, water permeability and air permeability, and is suitable for plant growth; it has a good honeycomb structure and has a certain anti-scouring ability, but it is easy to peel off and the nutrients are easy to be lost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main object of the present invention is to provide a collapsible loess high-steep slope ecological restoration system and method, aiming to solve the technical problems of weak anti-scouring ability of the matrix and poor restoration effect in the prior art. To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a collapsible loess high-steep slope ecological restoration system, including a foundation structure, a net hanging structure, a matrix layer, and a vegetation layer. The foundation structure includes a plurality of wooden strips installed at intervals on the slope surface. The net hanging structure includes a protective net laid on the foundation structure. The matrix layer is sprayed between two adjacent wooden strips on the slope surface, and the vegetation layer is sprayed on the matrix layer.

[0005] Optionally, a plurality of drainage holes are provided on the upper surface of the wooden strip and a drainage groove is provided inside the wooden strip. The drainage groove extends along the length direction of the wooden strip. The plurality of drainage holes are evenly distributed on the surface of the wooden strip and communicate with the drainage groove.

[0006] Optionally, the inside of the drain hole is filled with filter cotton, and the height of the drain groove gradually decreases from the middle to both ends, being inclined.

[0007] Optionally, the foundation structure further includes a plurality of support rods. The support rods have roots inserted into the slope surface and tops exposed outside. Hooks are provided at the tops of the support rods, and the hooks are bent towards the roots of the support rods to clamp the wooden slats when the wooden slats are installed on the support rods.

[0008] Optionally, the wire mesh structure further includes anchor rods and anchor plates. The surface of the anchor plate is provided with through installation holes, and a plurality of anchor nails are provided on the surface of the anchor plate. The anchor nails pass through the protection net to fix the protection net on the slope surface, and one end of the anchor rod passes through the installation hole and penetrates into the slope surface.

[0009] Optionally, the substrate layer includes soil, peat soil, coconut coir, and wood fiber.

[0010] Optionally, the vegetation layer is composed of one or more of deep-rooted plants, shallow-rooted plants, leguminous plants, gramineous plants, pioneer plants, and later plants.

[0011] In addition, for the above purposes, the present invention also provides a method for ecological restoration of collapsible loess high-steep slopes, including the following steps:

[0012] Pretreat the slope surface and set a plurality of drainage ditches on the slope surface;

[0013] Install the support rods at intervals on the entire slope surface. The support rods are arranged in a straight line in the transverse direction of the slope surface. Install the wooden slats on the support rods, and the wooden slats are clamped with the hooks on the support rods;

[0014] Install the anchor rods at intervals on the entire slope surface. Lay the protection net on the slope surface. The anchor plate is fixedly installed on the anchor rod, and the plurality of anchor nails on the anchor plate fix the protection net on the slope surface;

[0015] Water the slope surface to moisten it. Mix peat, humus soil, grass fiber, and nutrient fertilizer, and after stirring, spray it on the protection net together with the granulating agent to form a substrate layer;

[0016] Mix the vegetation layer with fiber, binder, water retention agent, nutrient fertilizer, and microbial bacterial fertilizer, and after stirring, evenly spray it on the slope surface to form a vegetation layer;

[0017] After spraying the vegetation layer, lay a protective layer on the slope surface.

[0018] Optionally, the step of pretreating the slope surface includes:

[0019] Remove debris and loose rock blocks on the slope surface, and trim the corners at the slope surface and the edges at the slope top to make them arc-shaped;

[0020] Appropriately cover and tamp the low-lying areas on the slope surface or backfill with soil-filled vegetation bags;

[0021] Reinforce the rock on the slope surface or the unstable slope body.

[0022] Optionally, the steps of setting multiple drainage ditches on the slope surface include:

[0023] Excavate drainage ditches in the transverse direction at the slope top and slope foot;

[0024] Bury multiple drain pipes on the slope surface, and the drain pipes extend longitudinally along the slope surface;

[0025] The drain pipes are communicated with the drainage grooves inside the wooden slats and the drainage ditches on the slope surface.

[0026] The present invention provides a collapsible loess high-steep slope ecological restoration system and method, including a foundation structure, a net-hanging structure, a substrate layer, and a vegetation layer. The foundation structure includes multiple wooden slats installed at intervals on the slope surface. The net-hanging structure includes a protective net laid on the foundation structure. The substrate layer is spray-sown between two adjacent wooden slats on the slope surface, and the vegetation layer is spray-sown on the substrate layer. In the present invention, by setting the wooden slats and the protective net, it is ensured that the spray-sown substrate material can reach a certain thickness on the slope surface, so that the substrate forms a durable integral plate on the slope surface, improving the anti-scouring ability of the substrate and meeting the plant growth requirements; by adopting special substrate materials and spray-sowing processes, the spray-sown substrate has better air permeability and water permeability, which is more conducive to the growth of plants, can quickly improve the ecological landscape, and generally can achieve good greening effects within half a year. This solution is applicable to various places with difficult greening, such as rocks, hard soils, sandy soils, barren lands, acidic soils, arid zones, dams, etc. There is no need for artificial maintenance and intervention in the later stage. The restoration system and method provided by this solution can maintain the natural succession function of plants by itself, cultivate an ideal woody plant community system, and form a green landscape coordinated with the surrounding environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a real scene picture after the ecological restoration of the collapsible loess high-steep slope in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 and Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an operation example of the collapsible loess high and steep slope ecological restoration system and method provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a support rod structure in an embodiment of the collapsible loess high and steep slope ecological restoration system and method provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a wooden slat structure in an embodiment of the collapsible loess high and steep slope ecological restoration system and method provided by the present invention.

[0032] The realization of the purpose of the present invention, functional features and advantages will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Specific Embodiments

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The technical solutions in the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In the case of using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc.", generally, it should be interpreted according to the meaning that those skilled in the art usually understand this expression (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include, but is not limited to, a system having only A, only B, only C, having A and B, having A and C, having B and C, and / or having A, B, and C, etc.). In the case of using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, or C, etc.", generally, it should be interpreted according to the meaning that those skilled in the art usually understand this expression (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" should include, but is not limited to, a system having only A, only B, only C, having A and B, having A and C, having B and C, and / or having A, B, and C, etc.).

[0035] It should be noted that if there are directional indications involved in the embodiments of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0038] In this embodiment, the collapsible loess high and steep slope ecological restoration system includes a foundation fixing structure, a net hanging structure, a substrate layer, and a vegetation layer. The foundation fixing structure mainly includes wooden slats and support members for fixedly installing the wooden slats on the slope. The wooden slats are mainly used to carry the substrate layer, so the wooden slats need to have a certain bearing surface. The bearing surface of the wooden slats should be perpendicular to the slope when installed. The spacing between adjacent upper and lower wooden slats should be between 30 cm and 100 cm, and specifically, it depends on the slope conditions to ensure that the substrate after spraying can better adhere to the slope. The length of the wooden slats can be customized according to the actual situation of the slope. To avoid being easily broken, it is generally not too long. In this embodiment, for a certain scenario, a size of the wooden slat is provided, with a thickness of 1 cm and a width of 8 cm.

[0039] The net hanging structure mainly includes a protective net and fittings for fixing the protective net on the slope. The protective net uses a plastic-coated high-galvanized diamond-shaped wire mesh or a high-strength plastic reinforced geonet, and the mesh size is 7 cm × 7 cm. Hanging the protective net on the slope can make the substrate layer form a durable integral plate on the slope, which is more conducive to the growth of plants. The substrate layer is sprayed between two adjacent wooden slats on the slope and can accumulate on the wooden slats and then evenly cover the entire slope. The vegetation layer is sprayed on the substrate layer, and the substrate layer is used to provide the nutrients required for plant growth for the vegetation layer. See Figures 1 to 3 In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, by setting the wooden slats and the protective net, it is ensured that the sprayed substrate material can reach a certain thickness on the slope, so that the substrate forms a durable integral plate on the slope, improving the anti-scouring ability of the substrate and meeting the plant growth requirements.

[0040] Further, see Figure 5In one embodiment, a plurality of drainage holes are provided on the upper surface of the wooden slats and a drainage groove is provided inside the wooden slats. The drainage groove extends along the length direction of the wooden slats. The plurality of drainage holes are evenly distributed on the surface of the wooden slats and communicate with the drainage groove. It can be understood that by providing a drainage structure on the surface and inside of the wooden slats, it is helpful to timely drain the excess water in the substrate layer, avoiding the influence of excessive water content in the substrate layer on plant growth and the increased load of the wooden slats due to overly wet soil. When the water content in the substrate layer is too high, the excess water can penetrate through many small drainage holes on the wooden slats into the drainage groove inside the wooden slats, and the drainage groove communicates with the drainage ditch on the slope surface.

[0041] In addition, in order to extend the service life of the wooden slats, the wooden slats can also be subjected to anti-corrosion and waterproof treatment, including soaking the wooden slats in a phosphoric acid solution and then brushing the surface of the wooden slats with a zinc sulfate solution; then insulating the wooden slats in an environment with a certain temperature and humidity. During the insulation process, brine and sodium citrate are sprayed once every certain number of hours, and finally dried under certain temperature and humidity conditions. Such wooden slats are not easily damaged in a harsh environment and can provide a relatively stable environment for plant growth.

[0042] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the drainage holes are filled with filter cotton, and the height of the drainage groove gradually decreases from the middle to both ends, showing an inclined setting. The function of filling the filter cotton inside the drainage holes is to prevent the materials in the substrate layer from blocking the drainage holes under the scouring of rainwater. The filter cotton can play a good filtering role. The drainage groove is high in the middle and low at both ends. Such a design helps the rainwater to flow out from both ends and avoids the deposition of rainwater in the drainage groove.

[0043] Furthermore, refer to Figure 4 In one embodiment, the foundation fixing structure further includes a plurality of support rods. The support rods have roots inserted into the slope surface and tops exposed outside. Hooks are provided at the tops of the support rods, and the hooks are bent towards the roots of the support rods to clamp the wooden slats when the wooden slats are installed on the support rods. During installation, first drill holes on the slope surface with an electric drill, and then insert the support rods. In order to fix the support rods more firmly on the slope surface, threads can also be provided on the support rods and tightened with nuts after being inserted into the slope surface. In order to prevent the wooden slats installed on the support rods from falling off easily, hooks are provided on the support rods. The whole shape of the support rod is similar to a J shape, with the top inserted into the slope surface and the bent part at the tail used to clamp the wooden slats, so that the wooden slats are more firmly installed on the slope surface. It can be understood that in order to facilitate the installation of the wooden slats, the specific bending degree of the hooks needs to be set according to the size of the wooden slats.

[0044] Further, in one embodiment, the wire mesh structure further includes anchor bolts and anchor plates. The anchor plates are arranged in a plum blossom shape. The surface of the anchor plate is provided with through mounting holes, and the surface of the anchor plate is provided with a plurality of anchor nails. The anchor nails pass through the protective net to fix the protective net on the slope surface. One end of the anchor bolt passes through the mounting hole and penetrates into the slope surface. Use a pneumatic drill or an electric drill to drill holes in a plum blossom shape at a spacing of 1 m × 1 m on the slope surface, and then insert the anchor bolts. Threads can also be provided on the anchor bolts and tightened with nuts after inserting into the slope surface. The length of the anchor bolt is 90 cm to 100 cm. The anchor plate is sleeved on the anchor bolt. In order to make the connection more firm, a screw structure can also be used, and in addition, it can also be an integral design. The surface of the anchor plate is provided with a plurality of anchor nails. The length of the anchor nails is about 15 cm to 40 cm. The anchor nails are fixedly connected to the protective net and can be snapped together, tied together, or other connection methods, without limitation. When constructing the protective net, it is unrolled from top to bottom. Adjacent two rolls of protective nets are respectively tied and fixed with iron wires. At least 10 cm of overlap is required at the junction of the two nets. There are at least 5 anchor plates per square meter. There is a certain gap between the net and the working surface and it is uniform. At steeper rock surfaces, straw ropes can be wound around the protective net at certain intervals to increase adhesion and ensure the thickness of the soil replacement.

[0045] Further, in one embodiment, the substrate layer includes soil, peat soil, coconut coir, and wood fiber. In the technical solution provided by the invention, the substrate base material, that is, the substrate layer, is an important factor to ensure the success of hydroseeding. The matching of the CS granulation agent and the equipment is very important. The granulation reaction needs to be achieved at a specific substrate flow rate, which requires strict mixing ratios. Soil, peat soil, coconut coir, wood fiber (or pulp), etc. are mixed and used in a certain ratio and operated by a professional hydroseeder.

[0046] Further, in one embodiment, the vegetation layer is composed of one or more of deep-rooted plants, shallow-rooted plants, leguminous plants, gramineous plants, pioneer plants, later plants, and plants at different growth stages. In the technical solution provided by the invention, the mixed seeding of plants with different characteristics is also an important factor to ensure the success of hydroseeding. Utilize the complementarity of grass seeds, such as the characteristics of deep-rooted and shallow-rooted, leguminous and gramineous, pioneer plants and later plants, early-developing and late-developing, etc., to carry out mixed hydroseeding, so that it can grow well in different seasons, weather, and environments. The grass seeds for hydroseeding should be perennial varieties with developed roots, fast turf formation, drought resistance, and barren tolerance. It can be understood that specific how to match still needs to be adjusted according to local conditions and use plants more suitable for local growth habits.

[0047] In addition, the present invention provides a method for ecological restoration of collapsible loess high-steep slopes, aiming to solve the above problems. In one embodiment, the method for ecological restoration of collapsible loess high-steep slopes includes the following steps:

[0048] Step S10: Preprocess the slope surface and set multiple drainage ditches on the slope surface.

[0049] Step S20: Install the support rods at intervals on the entire slope surface. The support rods are arranged in a straight line in the transverse direction of the slope surface. Install the wooden slats on the support rods, and the wooden slats are clamped with the hooks on the support rods.

[0050] Step S30: Install the anchor rods at intervals on the entire slope surface. Lay the protective net on the slope surface. Fix the anchor plates on the anchor rods. Multiple anchor nails on the anchor plates fix the protective net on the slope surface.

[0051] Step S40: Water the slope surface to moisten it. Mix peat, humus soil, grass fiber, and nutrient fertilizer, and after stirring, spray it on the protective net together with the granulating agent to form a substrate layer.

[0052] Step S50: Mix the vegetation layer with fiber, binder, water retention agent, nutrient fertilizer, and microbial bacterial fertilizer, and then evenly spray it on the slope surface to form a vegetation layer.

[0053] Step S60: After spraying the vegetation layer, lay a protective layer on the slope surface.

[0054] In this embodiment, the basic technological process includes construction preparation, working surface cleaning, construction of intercepting and drainage ditches, installation and erection of wooden slats, laying of protective nets, spraying of substrate layer, spraying of vegetation layer, covering with straw curtains, and maintenance management. Construction preparation includes setting up a safety protection area. Near the construction site, pedestrians and vehicles are prohibited from passing. Define the safety protection area and set construction signs at both ends of the construction site. According to the requirements of construction safety operation specifications, select safety protection measures, erect a steel pipe scaffold, lay bamboo scaffolding boards at the bottom, and hang a protective net on it, or suspend ropes from the top of the mountain and wear safety belts for construction. The erection of the scaffold is carried out according to the construction specifications of scaffold erection. The on-site construction personnel wear safety helmets and necessary labor protection appliances. Working surface cleaning includes removing sundries and loose rock blocks on the working surface, trimming the corners and edges of the slope surface at the turning corners and the top of the slope to make them arc-shaped, and making the working surface as flat as possible to facilitate the construction of soil spraying. After the slope surface is cleaned, the wooden slats can be installed, then holes are drilled on the slope surface, and then the anchor rods are inserted. The anchor plates are sleeved on the anchor rods. Multiple anchor nails are provided on the surface of the anchor plates, and the anchor nails are fixedly connected with the protective net. When hanging the protective net for construction, it is unrolled from top to bottom. Adjacent two rolls of protective nets are respectively tied and fixed with iron wires. At least 10 cm of overlap is required at the junction of the two nets. There are no less than 5 anchor plates per square meter. There is a certain gap between the net and the working surface and it is uniform. At steeper rock surfaces, the protective net can be wound with straw ropes at certain intervals to increase the adhesion force and ensure the thickness of the soil for plants.

[0055] Before high-order aggregate spraying, water the slope surface to make it wet. After mixing materials such as peat, humus soil, grass fiber, and slow-release nutrient fertilizers through a special machine, spray them together with the aggregating agent on the protective net to form a substrate layer. Since the loss of substrate moisture will cause the substrate thickness to be insufficient, the general requirement for the spraying thickness is 110% of the designed thickness. Select the seeds of plants according to the construction drawings of the construction operation surface, the properties of the slope soil or rock surface, the local climate conditions, the construction season, and combine with the growth characteristics of various plants. Also add the seeds of native tree species on the local similar landform operation surface, so that the secondary vegetation can gradually integrate with the natural ecological vegetation in the next few years without showing the traces of artificial construction. Mix the seeds with fiber, adhesive, water-retaining agent, slow-release fertilizer, microbial bacterial fertilizer, etc. into a spraying slurry through a spraying machine, and evenly spray it on the working operation surface under the action of the spraying machine to form a vegetation layer. The water-retaining agent can be adjusted accordingly according to the different climate conditions and the characteristics of the stone quarry in each place; the stabilizer can be determined according to the slope of the stone wall and is proportional to the slope size.

[0056] To ensure that during the rainy season, the plant seeds are protected from being washed away by rain before taking root; during the cold season, the plant seeds and seedlings are protected from freezing damage; and to keep warm and moisturize during the normal construction season. It is required to cover with straw curtains carefully to prevent the early straw curtains from being blown away by the wind. The purpose is, first, to prevent the formed operation surface from being washed by rain; second, to keep warm and moisturize and promote the growth of plants. During the period from the germination of plant seeds to the seedlings, it is necessary to water and maintain them to keep the soil moist. Water once every morning from the end of construction (twice a day in the hot summer morning and evening). When watering, the water droplets should be atomized (atomizing nozzles can be installed where conditions permit), and then the watering frequency can be gradually reduced as the plants grow, and at the same time, adjust the watering frequency according to the rainfall situation. The maintenance period is not less than 1 year.

[0057] In one embodiment, step S10: The pretreatment of the slope surface further includes the following steps:

[0058] Step S1011: Remove the sundries and loose rock blocks on the slope surface, and trim the corners and edges of the slope top to make them arc-shaped.

[0059] Step S1012: Appropriately cover the low-lying areas of the slope surface with soil and tamp it backfill or backfill with soil-filled vegetation bags.

[0060] Step S1013: Reinforce the rock or unstable slope body on the slope surface.

[0061] In this embodiment, remove the sundries and loose rock blocks on the operation surface, trim the corners and edges of the slope top to make them arc-shaped, and make the operation surface as flat as possible to facilitate the construction of soil spraying for foreign soil and at the same time increase the greening effect of the operation surface. Appropriately cover the low-lying areas with soil and tamp it backfill or backfill with soil-filled vegetation bags. If the rock or the slope body itself is unstable, prestressed anchor bolts and cables should be used for reinforcement treatment.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration system for collapsible loess high and steep slopes, characterized in that: It includes a solid foundation structure, a hanging net structure, a matrix layer, and a vegetation layer. The solid foundation structure includes a plurality of wooden slats installed on the slope at intervals. The hanging net structure includes a protective net laid on the solid foundation structure. The matrix layer is sprayed between two adjacent wooden slats on the slope. The vegetation layer is sprayed on the matrix layer.

2. The ecological restoration system for collapsible loess high and steep slopes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper surface of the wooden plank is provided with a plurality of drainage holes and the interior of the wooden plank is provided with a drainage groove, the drainage groove extends along the length direction of the wooden plank, the plurality of drainage holes are evenly distributed on the surface of the wooden plank and are connected with the drainage groove.

3. The ecological restoration system for collapsible loess high and steep slopes according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The drainage hole is filled with filter cotton, and the height of the drainage groove gradually decreases from the middle to both ends, and is set obliquely.

4. The ecological restoration system for collapsible loess high and steep slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The solid foundation structure also includes a plurality of support rods, each of which has a root inserted into the slope and a top exposed to the outside. A hook is provided on the top of the support rod, and the hook is bent toward the root of the support rod to clamp the wooden plank when the wooden plank is installed on the support rod.

5. The ecological restoration system for collapsible loess high and steep slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hanging net structure also includes an anchor rod and an anchor plate. The surface of the anchor plate is provided with a penetrating installation hole. The surface of the anchor plate is provided with a plurality of anchor nails. The anchor nails pass through the protective net to fix the protective net on the slope. One end of the anchor rod passes through the installation hole and penetrates into the slope.

6. The ecological restoration system for collapsible loess high and steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matrix layer comprises soil, peat soil, coconut husk and wood fiber.

7. The ecological restoration system for collapsible loess high and steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetation layer is composed of one or more of deep-rooted plants, shallow-rooted plants, leguminous plants, gramineous plants, pioneer plants, and late-stage plants.

8. A method for ecological restoration of collapsible loess high and steep slopes, characterized in that: The steps include: Pre-treat the slope surface and set up multiple drainage ditches on the slope surface; Install support rods at intervals on the entire slope surface, wherein the support rods are arranged in a straight line in the transverse direction of the slope surface, install wooden strips on the support rods, and the wooden strips are engaged with hooks on the support rods; Anchor rods are installed at intervals on the entire slope surface, a protective net is laid on the slope surface, anchor plates are fixedly installed on the anchor rods, and multiple anchor nails on the anchor plates fix the protective net on the slope surface; Water the slope surface, mix peat, humus, grass fiber, and nutrient fertilizer, stir, and then spray them on the protective net with the granulating agent to form a matrix layer; The vegetation layer, fiber, adhesive, water retaining agent, nutrient fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are mixed and evenly sprayed on the slope surface to form a vegetation layer; After spraying the vegetation layer, a protective layer is laid on the slope.

9. The ecological restoration method for collapsible loess high and steep slopes according to claim 8, characterized in that: The steps for pre-treatment of the slope include: Clear away debris and loose rocks on the slope, and trim the corners and top of the slope to make them curved; For low-lying areas on the slope, backfill with appropriate soil and compact it or fill it with soil in vegetation bags; Reinforce the rock or unstable slope.

10. The ecological restoration method for collapsible loess high and steep slopes according to claim 8, characterized in that: The steps for setting multiple drainage ditches on a slope include: Dig drainage ditches in the transverse direction at the top and foot of the slope; Multiple drainage pipes are buried on the slope surface, and the drainage pipes extend longitudinally along the slope surface; The drainage pipe is connected with the drainage groove inside the wooden slats and the drainage ditch on the slope.

Images