Hybrid power box mechanical oil supply mechanism and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a hybrid power box mechanical oil supply mechanism which comprises a vehicle power output assembly, the vehicle power output assembly comprises a shell, a supporting bearing is arranged on the shell, an output gear is installed outside the supporting bearing in a sleeving mode, a driving wheel is arranged on the output gear, a differential mechanism is arranged in the shell, and the differential mechanism is connected with the driving wheel. All the assemblies are reasonable in layout, the space utilization rate is high, installation and arrangement in the limited space of the hybrid vehicle are facilitated, and reliability is high; the oil pump drives the driving wheel and the driven wheel to transmit power through a tooth-shaped chain, and stability and reliability of power transmission are guaranteed. Control and other transmission assemblies are added for deformation, the synchronous belt can be prevented from being connected with a non-target variable transmission gear assembly, transmission faults are avoided, control is convenient, meanwhile, due to the fact that an angle adjusting assembly and an adjusting gear assembly are additionally arranged and both adopt an electric driving mode, automatic control can be conveniently achieved through an electronic control system, and the working efficiency is improved. And the response speed and the control precision of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hybrid vehicles, and particularly relates to a mechanical fuel supply mechanism and a control method for a hybrid transmission case. Background Art

[0002] In hybrid vehicles, the fuel supply demand of the oil pump often changes with the operating conditions of the vehicle. Traditional fuel supply mechanisms for hybrid transmission cases usually use oil pumps with a fixed rotational speed, and it is difficult to flexibly adjust the fuel supply volume according to actual needs. When the vehicle is in different driving states, such as idling, accelerating, and driving at high speed, the oil pump with a fixed rotational speed may result in too much or too little fuel supply volume, thereby affecting the performance and efficiency of the hybrid system. Excessive fuel supply will cause energy waste, while too little fuel supply may lead to problems such as insufficient lubrication of components and poor cooling effect, shortening the service life of components.

[0003] Therefore, a fuel supply mechanism that can flexibly adjust the rotational speed of the oil pump according to the actual operating conditions of the vehicle is needed to improve the performance and efficiency of the hybrid system, reduce energy consumption, and extend the service life of components.

[0004] Therefore, the existing technology in the field of hybrid vehicles needs to be further improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mechanical fuel supply mechanism and a control method for a hybrid transmission case, which can realize the power input from the power output component of the vehicle to the input shaft of the oil pump motor or change the rotational speed of the input shaft, so as to flexibly adjust the fuel supply volume of the oil pump according to different operating conditions of the vehicle, improve the performance and efficiency of the hybrid system, and reduce energy consumption.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following solutions: A mechanical fuel supply mechanism for a hybrid transmission case includes a vehicle power output component. On one side of the vehicle power output component, there is an input shaft of an oil pump motor. An angular rotation component fixedly connected to the vehicle power output component is sleeved outside the input shaft of the oil pump motor. A plurality of variable-speed gear components with different diameters are evenly distributed around the center of the angular rotation component on the angular rotation component. A transmission gear component for meshing with the variable-speed gear components at different angles is arranged at the upper end of the input shaft of the oil pump motor. Adjusting gear components are arranged on both sides of the angular rotation component; A driving wheel is arranged at the output end of the vehicle power output component; It further includes a synchronous belt. The synchronous belt is connected to the driving wheel, the two adjusting gear components, and one of the outermost variable-speed gear components. The two adjusting gear components are used to stretch the synchronous belt to prevent the synchronous belt from connecting the remaining variable-speed gear components.

[0007] Further, the angle rotation assembly includes a fixed shaft sleeve fixedly connected to the vehicle power output assembly. An annular groove is provided on the circumferential outer wall of the fixed shaft sleeve. A rotatable ring body is sleeved on the annular groove, and an angle adjustment assembly is provided on the outer wall of the fixed shaft sleeve.

[0008] Further, the angle adjustment assembly includes a drive motor provided on one side of the fixed shaft sleeve. A driving gear is provided at the output end of the drive motor. A driven gear is provided on the circumferential outer wall of the rotatable ring body. The driving gear and the driven gear are meshed and driven.

[0009] Further, the speed change gear assembly includes a shaft seat provided on the rotatable ring body. A rotating shaft is rotatably installed in the shaft seat, and a speed change gear is provided at the end of the rotating shaft.

[0010] Further, the transmission gear assembly includes a first transmission gear, a second transmission gear, and a third transmission gear provided at the upper end of the input shaft of the oil pump motor.

[0011] Further, the number of the speed change gears is three; the first transmission gear, the second transmission gear, and the third transmission gear are stacked from top to bottom and are respectively meshed and driven with a corresponding one of the speed change gears; The three speed change gears are stacked from top to bottom.

[0012] Further, the adjustment gear assembly includes an electric guide rail provided on the side wall of the fixed shaft sleeve. An electric slider is movably provided in the electric guide rail, and a closing and opening gear is provided on the electric slider.

[0013] Further, the vehicle power output assembly includes a housing. A support bearing is provided on the housing. An output gear is sleeved outside the support bearing. The driving wheel is provided on the output gear. A differential is provided in the housing. A sprocket thrust bearing and a thrust bearing are provided between the output gear and the differential.

[0014] Further, an oil pump is connected to the lower end of the input shaft of the oil pump motor.

[0015] A control method includes the following steps S1. Detect the current vehicle speed. There is a control module, and the real-time speed measurement information is transmitted to the control module; S2. The control module adjusts the rotation speed of the input shaft of the oil pump motor required by the oil pump according to the current vehicle speed information to ensure that the oil output and consumption are the same; S3. The control module sends commands to the drive motor and the electric guide rail to work, and controls the rotation amount of the drive motor and the rotation amount of the electric guide rail; S4. When the vehicle speed is relatively high, the rotation of the input shaft of the oil pump motor needs to be faster. At this time, different speed-changing gears are controlled to engage the synchronous belt to realize the power input to the input shaft of the oil pump motor, and the speed change is realized by engaging different speed-changing gears to input the speed change to the input shaft of the oil pump motor. S5. Since the synchronous belt requires different tension forces when different speed-changing gears engage the synchronous belt, and at the same time, it is necessary to prevent the synchronous belt passing horizontally from touching other idling speed-changing gears, the electric guide rail is controlled to change the lateral displacement of the electric slider, thereby changing the opening and closing distance of the opening and closing gears.

[0016] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: The present invention solves the deficiencies existing in the prior art in the technical field of hybrid vehicles. Through the structural settings of the present invention, the following advantages are possessed: the rotation speed is adjustable. By adjusting the angle rotation assembly to engage different-diameter speed-changing transmission gear assemblies with the transmission gear assembly, the rotation speed of the input shaft of the oil pump motor is changed, and the flexible adjustment of the oil supply amount of the oil pump is realized to adapt to different operating conditions of the vehicle. The structure is compact, the layout of each component is reasonable, and the space utilization rate is high, which is beneficial to the installation and arrangement in the limited space of the hybrid vehicle; the reliability is high. The cooperation of the synchronous belt and the adjustment gear assembly is adopted to ensure the stability and reliability of power transmission. At the same time, it prevents the synchronous belt from being connected to non-target speed-changing transmission gear assemblies, avoiding transmission failures. The control is convenient. The angle adjustment assembly and the adjustment gear assembly both adopt electric drive methods, which are convenient for realizing automatic control through the electronic control system, improving the response speed and control accuracy of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the mechanical oil supply mechanism of the hybrid box of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a top view of the mechanical oil supply mechanism of the hybrid box of the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a top view of the mechanical oil supply mechanism of the hybrid box of the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional view of the parts of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a top view of the parts of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the parts of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] Please refer to Figures 1 - 6 , the present invention provides a mechanical oil supply mechanism for a hybrid transmission, including a vehicle power output component 1. The vehicle power output component 1 includes a housing 101, and further includes a driving wheel 8. A support bearing 102 is provided on the housing 101, and an output gear 103 is installed outside the support bearing 102. The driving wheel 8 is disposed on the output gear 103. A differential 104 is provided inside the housing 101. A sprocket thrust bearing 105 and a thrust bearing 106 are provided between the output gear 103 and the differential 104. A fuel pump motor input shaft 2 is provided on one side of the vehicle power output component 1. An adjustable speed gear component 1000 is provided between the vehicle power output component 1 and the fuel pump motor input shaft 2; A transmission component is connected between the vehicle power output component 1, the two adjustment gear components 6 and one of the variable speed gear components 4. The power transmission of the fuel pump driving main and driven wheels adopts a toothed chain; its deformation increase control and other transmission components can prevent the synchronous belt from being connected to non-target variable speed transmission gear components, avoid transmission failures, and is convenient to control. At the same time, since both the added angle adjustment component and the adjustment gear component adopt an electric drive mode, it is convenient to realize automatic control through an electronic control system, improving the response speed and control accuracy of the system.

[0020] The present invention further includes an output sprocket, a transmission gear 107, a driving sprocket 110, a driving sprocket bearing 108, a fuel pump 100, a driven sprocket 111, a fuel pump chain and a housing 101; The output sprocket is installed on the housing 101 through the support bearing 102, and the output sprocket is connected to the transmission gear 107 through a spline; The driving sprocket 110 is supported on the output sprocket through the driving sprocket bearing 108. The thrust bearing 106 prevents interference between the output sprocket and the driving sprocket 110. There is a spline on the circumferential end face of the driving sprocket 110, which is connected to the housing 101; The fuel pump 100 is connected to the driven sprocket 111 through a spline.

[0021] A mechanical oil supply mechanism for a hybrid transmission with adjustable speed gears includes a vehicle power output component 1. A fuel pump motor input shaft 2 is provided on one side of the vehicle power output component 1. The adjustable speed gear component 1000 includes an angle rotation component 3 fixedly sleeved outside the fuel pump motor input shaft 2. A plurality of variable speed gear components 4 with different diameters are evenly distributed around the center of the angle rotation component 3. A transmission gear component 5 for meshing with the variable speed gear components 4 at different angles is provided at the upper end of the fuel pump motor input shaft 2. Adjustment gear components 6 are provided on both sides of the angle rotation component 3; The output end of the vehicle power output component 1 is provided with a driving wheel 8; It further includes a timing belt 7, which is connected to the driving wheel 8, the two adjusting gear assemblies 6, and one of the outermost speed-changing gear assemblies 4. The two adjusting gear assemblies 6 are used to stretch the timing belt 7 to prevent the timing belt 7 from connecting to the remaining speed-changing gear assemblies 4. When the vehicle power output assembly 1 works, power is output through the driving wheel 8 and transmitted to the speed-changing gear 403 of the speed-changing transmission gear assembly 4 connected to the timing belt 7 through the timing belt 7. The speed-changing gear 403 meshes with the corresponding transmission gear of the transmission gear assembly 5, and the power is transmitted to the input shaft 2 of the oil pump motor, thereby driving the oil pump to work.

[0022] When it is necessary to change the speed of the input shaft 2 of the oil pump motor, the electronic control system sends a control signal to the driving motor 3041. The driving motor 3041 drives the driving gear 3042 to rotate. Through the meshing transmission between the driving gear 3042 and the driven gear 3043, the rotating ring body 303 rotates a certain angle in the annular groove 302, adjusts the target speed-changing transmission gear assembly 4 to the outermost position, and meshes it with the timing belt 7. The remaining non-target speed-changing gear assemblies 4 cannot mesh with the timing belt 7, realizing the change of speed input.

[0023] During the angle adjustment, the electronic control system controls the movement of the electric slider 602 in the electric guide rail 601 according to the position of the target speed-changing transmission gear assembly 4, and adjusts the distance between the two opening and closing gears 603. The purpose is that when the timing belt 7 is connected to speed-changing gears 403 with different diameters, the tension of the timing belt 7 is different, and the tension control is completed by adjusting the position of the opening and closing gears 603. The timing belt 7 accurately connects to the target speed-changing transmission gear assembly 4 and stretches the timing belt 7 to prevent it from connecting to the remaining speed-changing transmission gear assemblies 4.

[0024] When the vehicle is idling, the demand for the oil supply of the oil pump by the vehicle is relatively low. The speed-changing transmission gear assembly 4 with a smaller diameter is meshed with the transmission gear assembly 5 through the angle rotation assembly 3, reducing the speed of the input shaft 2 of the oil pump motor, thereby reducing the oil supply of the oil pump and reducing energy consumption.

[0025] When accelerating the vehicle, a larger oil supply of the oil pump is required. The speed-changing transmission gear assembly 4 with a larger diameter is meshed with the transmission gear assembly 5 through the angle rotation assembly 3, increasing the speed of the input shaft 2 of the oil pump motor and increasing the oil supply of the oil pump to meet the lubrication and cooling requirements of the vehicle.

[0026] According to the specific requirements of the vehicle, a speed-changing transmission gear assembly 4 with a suitable diameter can be selected to mesh with the transmission gear assembly 5, so that the oil supply of the oil pump is maintained at a reasonable level, meeting the system requirements and avoiding energy waste.

[0027] The angle rotation assembly 3 of the present invention includes a fixed shaft sleeve 301 fixedly connected to the vehicle power output assembly 1. A ring-shaped groove 302 is provided on the circumferential outer wall of the fixed shaft sleeve 301. A rotatable ring body 303 is sleeved on the ring-shaped groove 302. An angle adjustment assembly 304 is provided on the outer wall of the fixed shaft sleeve 301.

[0028] The angle adjustment assembly 304 of the present invention includes a drive motor 3041 provided on one side of the fixed shaft sleeve 301. A driving gear 3042 is provided at the output end of the drive motor 3041. A driven gear 3043 is provided on the circumferential outer wall of the rotatable ring body 303. The driving gear 3042 and the driven gear 3043 are meshed and driven.

[0029] The speed-changing gear assembly 4 of the present invention includes a shaft seat 401 provided on the rotatable ring body 303. A rotating shaft 402 is rotatably installed in the shaft seat 401. A speed-changing gear 403 is provided at the end of the rotating shaft 402.

[0030] The transmission gear assembly 5 of the present invention includes a first transmission gear 501, a second transmission gear 502, and a third transmission gear 503 provided on the upper end of the input shaft 2 of the oil pump motor.

[0031] The number of the speed-changing gears 403 of the present invention is three; the first transmission gear 501, the second transmission gear 502, and the third transmission gear 503 are stacked from top to bottom and are respectively meshed and driven with a corresponding one of the speed-changing gears 403; The three speed-changing gears 403 are stacked from top to bottom.

[0032] The adjustment gear assembly 6 of the present invention includes an electric guide rail 601 provided on the side wall of the fixed shaft sleeve 301. An electric slider 602 is movably provided in the electric guide rail 601. A closing and opening gear 603 is provided on the electric slider 602.

[0033] The vehicle power output assembly 1 of the present invention includes a housing 101. A support bearing 102 is provided on the housing 101. An output gear 103 is sleeved outside the support bearing 102. The driving wheel 8 is provided on the output gear 103. A differential 104 is provided in the housing 101. A sprocket thrust bearing 105 and a thrust bearing 106 are provided between the output gear 103 and the differential 104; The working principle of the mechanical fuel supply mechanism of the hybrid box is realized based on power transmission and speed coupling, which is specifically as follows: Initial power transmission: The output sprocket, as the initial power end, is installed on the housing through a support bearing and is connected to the transmission gear by a spline. The power from the output sprocket is transmitted to the transmission gear through the spline.

[0034] Power split transmission: The transmission gear directly transmits power to the differential housing. A part of the power obtained by the differential housing is output to the wheel end to drive the vehicle; the other part is transmitted to the driving sprocket through a spline. The driving sprocket is supported on the output sprocket by a driving sprocket bearing, and the sprocket thrust bearing prevents interference between the two, enabling the output sprocket and the driving sprocket to transmit power at different speeds.

[0035] Power acquisition of the oil pump: The output sprocket transmits power to the driven sprocket through an oil pump chain. The driven sprocket is connected by a spline to output power to the oil pump, thereby driving the oil pump to work. When the vehicle speed is high, the rotation speed of the output sprocket increases, the power transmitted to the oil pump increases, and the oil supply of the oil pump increases, providing more lubricating oil for the entire transmission system; when the vehicle speed is low, the mechanical pump rotates at a low speed and has low losses. At this time, the electric pump can work to meet the system's demand for pressure oil.

[0036] At the lower end of the input shaft 2 of the oil pump motor of the present invention, an oil pump 100 is connected.

[0037] A control method for adjustable speed gears includes the following steps. S1. Detect the current vehicle speed. There is a control module, and the real-time speed measurement information is transmitted to the control module. S2. The control module adjusts the rotation speed of the input shaft 2 of the oil pump motor required by the oil pump 100 according to the current vehicle speed information to ensure that the oil output and consumption are the same. S3. The control module sends commands to the drive motor 3041 and the electric guide rail 601 to work, and controls the rotation amount of the drive motor 3041 and the rotation amount of the electric guide rail 601. S4. When the vehicle speed is fast, the input shaft 2 of the oil pump motor needs to rotate faster. At this time, control different transmission gears 403 to engage the synchronous belt 7 to input power to the input shaft 2 of the oil pump motor, and realize speed change input to the input shaft 2 of the oil pump motor through engaging different transmission gears 403. S5. Since when different transmission gears 403 engage the synchronous belt 7, the synchronous belt 7 requires different tension forces, and at the same time, it is necessary to prevent the horizontally passing synchronous belt 7 from touching other idling transmission gears 403, control the electric guide rail 601 to change the lateral displacement amount of the electric slider 602, thereby changing the opening and closing distance of the opening and closing gear 603.

[0038] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A hybrid box mechanical oil supply mechanism, comprising a vehicle power output assembly (1), characterized in that: The vehicle power output assembly (1) comprises a housing (101), a support bearing (102) is arranged on the housing (101), an output gear (103) is mounted on the outer sleeve of the support bearing (102), and further comprises a driving wheel (8), the driving wheel (8) is arranged on the output gear (103), a differential (104) is arranged in the housing (101), a sprocket thrust bearing (105) and a thrust bearing (106) are arranged between the output gear (103) and the differential (104), and an adjustable speed gear assembly (1000) is arranged between the vehicle power output assembly (1) and the oil pump motor input shaft (2); An oil pump motor input shaft (2) is arranged on one side of the vehicle power output assembly (1); the adjustable speed gear assembly (1000) comprises an angular rotation assembly (3) fixedly sleeved outside the oil pump motor input shaft (2); a plurality of speed change gear assemblies (4) of different diameters are evenly distributed on the angular rotation assembly (3) around the center of the angular rotation assembly (3); a transmission gear assembly (5) for meshing with the speed change gear assemblies (4) of different angles is arranged on the upper end of the oil pump motor input shaft (2); an adjustment gear assembly (6) is arranged on each side of the angular rotation assembly (3); and a transmission assembly is connected between the vehicle power output assembly (1), the two adjustment gear assemblies (6) and one of the speed change gear assemblies (4).

2. A hybrid box mechanical oil supply mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an output sprocket, a transmission gear (107), a driving sprocket (110), a driving sprocket bearing (108), an oil pump (100), a driven sprocket (111), an oil pump chain and a housing (101); the output sprocket is mounted on the housing (101) via the support bearing (102), and the output sprocket is connected to the transmission gear (107) via a spline; the driving sprocket (110) is supported on the output sprocket via the driving sprocket bearing (108), the thrust bearing (106) prevents the output sprocket from interfering with the driving sprocket (110), and the driving sprocket (110) has splines on its end surface circumference and is connected to the housing (101); the oil pump (100) is connected to the driven sprocket (111) via a spline.

3. A hybrid box mechanical oil supply mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The transmission assembly comprises a driving wheel (8) provided at the output end of the vehicle power output assembly (1); It also includes a synchronous belt (7), the synchronous belt (7) being connected to the driving wheel (8), the two adjusting gear assemblies (6) and one of the outermost speed gear assemblies (4), the two adjusting gear assemblies (6) being used to open the synchronous belt (7) to prevent the synchronous belt (7) from connecting to the remaining speed gear assemblies (4).

4. A hybrid box mechanical oil supply mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The angle rotation assembly (3) comprises a fixed shaft sleeve (301) fixedly connected to the vehicle power output assembly (1); an annular groove (302) is provided on the circumferential outer wall of the fixed shaft sleeve (301); a rotating ring body (303) capable of rotating an angle is sleeved on the annular groove (302); and an angle adjustment assembly (304) is provided on the outer wall of the fixed shaft sleeve (301).

5. A hybrid box mechanical oil supply mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The angle adjustment assembly (304) comprises a driving motor (3041) arranged on one side of the fixed shaft sleeve (301); a driving gear (3042) is arranged at the output end of the driving motor (3041); a driven gear (3043) is arranged on the circumferential outer wall of the rotating ring body (303); the driving gear (3042) and the driven gear (3043) are meshed for transmission.

6. A hybrid box mechanical oil supply mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The speed change gear assembly (4) comprises a shaft seat (401) arranged on the rotating ring body (303), a rotating shaft (402) being rotatably mounted in the shaft seat (401), and a speed change gear (403) being arranged at the end of the rotating shaft (402).

7. A hybrid box mechanical oil supply mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transmission gear assembly (5) comprises a first transmission gear (501), a second transmission gear (502) and a third transmission gear (503) which are arranged on the upper end of the oil pump motor input shaft (2).

8. The hybrid box mechanical oil supply mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: The number of the speed gears (403) is three; the first transmission gear (501), the second transmission gear (502) and the third transmission gear (503) are stacked from top to bottom and are respectively meshed with a corresponding one of the speed gears (403) for transmission; The three speed change gears (403) are arranged in a stacked manner from top to bottom.

9. A hybrid box mechanical oil supply mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that: The adjusting gear assembly (6) comprises an electric guide rail (601) arranged on the side wall of the fixed shaft sleeve (301), an electric slider (602) is movably arranged in the electric guide rail (601), and an opening and closing gear (603) is arranged on the electric slider (602); The oil pump (100) is connected to the lower end of the oil pump motor input shaft (2).

10. A control method, comprising the hybrid box mechanical oil supply mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are included: S1, detecting the current vehicle speed, providing a control module, and transmitting the real-time speed measurement information to the control module; S2, the control module adjusts the rotation speed of the oil pump motor input shaft (2) required by the oil pump (100) according to the current vehicle speed information to ensure that the oil output and consumption are the same; S3, the control module sends a command to the drive motor (3041) and the electric guide rail (601) to operate, thereby controlling the rotation amount of the drive motor (3041) and the rotation amount of the electric guide rail (601); S4, when the vehicle speed is high, the oil pump motor input shaft (2) needs to rotate faster. At this time, different speed gears (403) are controlled to mesh with the synchronous belt (7) to input power to the oil pump motor input shaft (2). The speed is changed by meshing different speed gears (403) to input power to the oil pump motor input shaft (2). S5. When different speed change gears (403) mesh with the synchronous belt (7), the synchronous belt (7) requires different tensioning forces. At the same time, it is also necessary to prevent the synchronous belt (7) passing laterally from touching other idling speed change gears (403). The electric guide rail (601) is controlled to change the lateral displacement of the electric slider (602), thereby changing the opening and closing distance of the opening and closing gear (603).

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