Surveying and mapping data acquisition system and method based on city information model

Abstract

The invention discloses a surveying and mapping data acquisition system and method based on an urban information model, and relates to the technical field of surveying and mapping data acquisition. In order to solve the problems that an existing collection method is low in efficiency and single in data type, and cannot cover all types of geographic features, especially in an urban complex environment, and due to dynamic changes of the urban environment, differences exist between a model and an actual environment. According to the surveying and mapping data acquisition system based on the city information model, through integrating the surveying and mapping technology of hardware equipment and the city three-dimensional model, the real-time performance and accuracy of data acquisition are improved, the scientific decision-making of city planning and construction is promoted, the efficient data processing capability accelerates information circulation, the operation cost is reduced, and the data acquisition efficiency is improved. The intelligent level of urban management is enhanced, the maintenance efficiency of urban infrastructures is further improved, the capability of coping with disasters of cities is enhanced, a safer and more convenient living environment is provided for residents, and sustainable development of smart cities is powerfully promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of surveying and mapping data collection, and particularly to a surveying and mapping data collection system and method based on a City Information Model (CIM). Background Art

[0002] Currently, the establishment and development of urban three-dimensional information models rely on high-quality geospatial data. For example, Chinese Patent No. CN115342779B discloses a surveying and mapping method for urban ground and underground forms based on a surveying and mapping model map. The method includes the following steps: S1, dividing the geographical area of the city to be surveyed into survey areas and setting the ground as the reference plane; S2, using a digital photogrammetry system to obtain the aerial survey feature data of the survey area; S3, constructing an urban ground model with urban functional divisions based on the aerial survey feature data; S4, obtaining urban underground engineering and pipeline distribution data and constructing an underground form model; S5, merging the urban ground model and the underground form model with the reference plane as the reference plane to construct an urban three-dimensional model; S6, performing surveying and mapping applications based on the urban three-dimensional model. By integrating aerial survey image data, airborne point cloud data, and urban feature line data to construct a high-precision digital elevation model, the data accuracy and fineness of the model can be significantly improved, and the modeling cost of the model can be reduced.

[0003] The above patent obtains the aerial survey feature data of the survey area through a digital photogrammetry system and constructs an urban ground model with urban functional divisions. However, the existing collection methods are inefficient and the data types are single, unable to cover all types of geographical features, especially in complex urban environments. Moreover, due to the dynamic changes in the urban environment, there are differences between the model and the actual environment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a surveying and mapping data collection system and method based on a City Information Model (CIM). By integrating the surveying and mapping technology of hardware devices with the urban three-dimensional model, the real-time performance and accuracy of data collection are improved, scientific decision-making in urban planning and construction is promoted. At the same time, the efficient data processing ability speeds up information flow, reduces operating costs, and enhances the intelligent level of urban management, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A surveying and mapping data collection system based on a City Information Model (CIM) includes:

[0007] A data collection unit for simultaneously collecting multi-source data based on each hardware device and positioning and measuring the target collection area;

[0008] A data transmission unit, configured to transmit the collected multi-source data to the data processing and analysis unit in real time, and monitor the transmission quality during the data transmission process;

[0009] A data processing and analysis unit, configured to process and analyze the obtained multi-source data, construct a 3D urban model, input the collected multi-source data into the 3D urban model to extract target urban features, compare with historical data to detect whether the city has changed, and generate a surveying and mapping report;

[0010] A data backup and sharing unit, configured to back up the surveying and mapping data regularly, establish a data recovery mechanism, and at the same time, share the processed surveying and mapping report through a data sharing service platform.

[0011] Further, the data acquisition unit includes:

[0012] A hardware acquisition module, configured to obtain the data types of multi-source data required for the urban information model based on hardware devices, including spatial location information, image data, and sensor data;

[0013] A control module, configured to monitor and control the working status of the hardware devices in real time, and adjust the traveling paths and operation tasks of each hardware device according to the task requirements and real-time environment information;

[0014] A sensor synchronization module, configured to establish a synchronization mechanism for the collected data between sensors, and integrate and process the multi-source data collected by each sensor in the hardware device.

[0015] Further, the sensor synchronization module integrates and processes the collected data of different sensors, specifically:

[0016] Determine an initial timestamp as the synchronization reference source, synchronize each sensor with the synchronization reference source in the time dimension, and generate a local time consistent with the synchronization reference source;

[0017] Set the acquisition parameters of each sensor based on the control module, start each sensor simultaneously based on the timestamp of the data acquisition task, and the sensor implements the acquisition task according to the acquisition parameters;

[0018] Mark the timestamp for the collected data during the implementation of the acquisition task, where the timestamp corresponds one-to-one with the time of the synchronization reference source;

[0019] Align the data of each sensor to the same time series according to the timestamp, extract the data at the same time point from each sensor, and form a data set containing multi-source data.

[0020] Further, the data transmission unit includes:

[0021] A wireless transmission module, which is used to establish a data transmission channel between each hardware device in the hardware acquisition module and the data processing and analysis unit, and acquire each key communication node in the data transmission channel;

[0022] A transmission verification module, which is used to monitor the data transmission operation quality of the associated communication node in real time, and verify the integrity of the transmission data passing through the associated communication node.

[0023] Further, the data processing and analysis unit includes:

[0024] A data processing module, which is used to perform data cleaning and format conversion on the data set obtained based on the data transmission channel, and correct the multi-source data in the data set based on GPS information and sensor parameters;

[0025] A 3D model construction module, which is used to perform point cloud processing based on the corrected multi-source data and construct a 3D model of the city based on the point cloud data;

[0026] A feature extraction module, which is used to extract target city features based on the 3D model of the city and perform quantization processing on the identified target city features;

[0027] A change monitoring module, which is used to obtain corresponding historical data based on the target city features, judge whether the city form and structure have changed based on the comparison result, and analyze the change type and change degree based on the detection result;

[0028] A report generation module, which is used to generate a surveying and mapping report based on the output result of the change monitoring module and perform visual display.

[0029] Further, the change monitoring module further includes: integrating the analysis results of the change type and change degree to generate historical change data of the city, establishing a prediction model, and inputting the historical change data into the prediction model to generate a future change trend prediction result.

[0030] Further, the data backup and sharing unit includes:

[0031] A data backup and recovery module, which is used to automatically execute the backup data task and verify the backup data task according to a preset time period, and construct a data recovery mechanism, and perform a recovery operation based on the data recovery mechanism in the case of data loss or damage according to the verification result of the transmission verification module;

[0032] A data storage module, which is used to construct a distributed city database and perform distributed storage on the data output by the data acquisition unit and the data processing and analysis unit based on the city database;

[0033] A data sharing module, which is used to perform data interaction with a data sharing service platform through a data sharing mechanism, and publish surveying and mapping reports and data processing results to the data sharing service platform in a specified format and standard for visual display.

[0034] Further, the data storage module is specifically as follows:

[0035] Decompose multi-source data into several sub-data, and determine the attribute information of each sub-data;

[0036] Evaluate the usage intensity of each sub-data according to the attribute information, and perform transmission matching according to the usage intensity of the sub-data and the bandwidth occupancy probability;

[0037] After the transmission matching is completed, calculate the equilibrium parameter of data storage, and compare the equilibrium parameter with a preset equilibrium parameter;

[0038] If the equilibrium parameter is less than the preset value, screen out the storage nodes with a load greater than the first preset load as the first storage nodes, and establish a first queuing queue;

[0039] At the same time, screen out the storage nodes with a load less than the second preset load as the second storage nodes, and establish a second queuing queue;

[0040] Perform corresponding matching according to the first queuing queue and the second queuing queue to obtain several matching groups;

[0041] Establish the association relationship between the first storage node and the second storage node in the matching group;

[0042] According to the association relationship, analyze the excess load on the first storage node, and extract the main content and record tags;

[0043] Transmit the main content to the second storage node for storage, and at the same time retain the record tags on the first storage node;

[0044] Ensure that the data is correctly stored on the second storage node, and maintain the corresponding record tags on the first storage node.

[0045] Further, the data storage module further includes: monitoring the load conditions of the first storage node and the second storage node according to a preset time period, and performing re-matching of storage nodes and load migration according to the load monitoring results.

[0046] The present invention provides another technical solution, a method for collecting surveying and mapping data based on a city information model, including the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Data collection: Collect multi-source data using hardware devices according to a predetermined plan;

[0048] Step 2: Data Transmission and Storage: Regularly transmit the multi-source data collected through the wireless transmission module to the data processing and analysis unit, monitor the data transmission process, and perform backup and storage based on the data backup and sharing unit;

[0049] Step 3: Data Processing and Analysis: Clean, format-convert, and preliminarily correct the received multi-source data, construct a 3D urban model based on the point cloud data, extract geographical features from the 3D urban model, and detect and analyze urban changes;

[0050] Step 4: Result Output: Generate a surveying and mapping report according to the analysis results, integrate the surveying and mapping report and the data processing results into the GIS platform. At the same time, conduct quality inspection and evaluation on the surveying and mapping report and the data processing results;

[0051] Step 5: Data Sharing and Application: Visually display the surveying and mapping results through the data sharing service platform.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows.

[0053] By integrating the surveying and mapping technology of hardware devices with the 3D urban model, the real-time performance and accuracy of data collection are improved, promoting scientific decision-making in urban planning and construction. At the same time, the efficient data processing ability speeds up information flow, reduces operating costs, enhances the intelligent level of urban management, further improves the maintenance efficiency of urban infrastructure, enhances the city's ability to respond to disasters, provides a safer and more convenient living environment for residents, and strongly promotes the sustainable development of smart cities. Description of the Drawings

[0054] Figure 1 It is a module diagram of the surveying and mapping data collection system based on the urban information model of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of the surveying and mapping data collection method based on the urban information model of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0056] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0057] To solve the technical problems that the existing acquisition methods are inefficient and the data types are single, unable to cover all types of geographical features, especially in complex urban environments, and due to the dynamic changes in the urban environment, there are differences between the model and the actual environment, please refer to Figure 1 , the following technical solutions are provided in this embodiment

[0058] A surveying and mapping data acquisition system based on the City Information Model, including:

[0059] A data acquisition unit for simultaneously collecting multi-source data based on various hardware devices, including geographic coordinates, elevation information, image materials, spectral data, temperature data, environmental parameters, etc., and positioning and measuring the target acquisition area;

[0060] A data transmission unit for real-time transmitting the collected multi-source data to the data processing and analysis unit and monitoring the transmission quality during the data transmission process;

[0061] In this embodiment, the data transmission unit includes:

[0062] A wireless transmission module for establishing a data transmission channel between each hardware device in the hardware acquisition module and the data processing and analysis unit, and obtaining each key communication node in the data transmission channel to realize the real-time transmission of the collected data to the data processing and analysis unit;

[0063] A transmission verification module for real-time monitoring the data transmission operation quality of the associated communication nodes and verifying the integrity of the transmission data passing through the associated communication nodes.

[0064] In this embodiment, through real-time monitoring and integrity verification, the real-time and integrity of the data are ensured, the security of data transmission is enhanced, attacks that the data may suffer during the transmission process are prevented, problems of communication nodes are discovered and solved in a timely manner, the stability of data transmission is guaranteed, the accuracy of data processing and analysis is improved, and data processing delays caused by data transmission problems are reduced, thereby optimizing the operation efficiency of the entire system;

[0065] A data processing and analysis unit for processing and analyzing the obtained multi-source data, constructing a 3D city model, inputting the collected multi-source data into the 3D city model to extract target city features, including city name, administrative region, area of concern, etc., comparing with historical data to detect whether the city has changed, and generating a surveying and mapping report;

[0066] A data backup and sharing unit for regularly backing up the surveying and mapping data and establishing a data recovery mechanism to ensure data security; at the same time, sharing the processed surveying and mapping report through a data sharing service platform.

[0067] In this embodiment, the data acquisition unit includes:

[0068] The hardware acquisition module includes drones, ground mobile survey vehicles, handheld GPS / RTK devices, laser scanners, digital cameras, etc., and is used to obtain various types of data required for the urban information model based on hardware devices, including spatial position information, image data, and sensor data;

[0069] The control module is used to monitor and control the working status of the hardware devices in real time, such as flight path planning, scanning parameter setting, data real-time transmission, etc., and adjust the traveling paths and operation tasks of each hardware device according to the task requirements and real-time environment information;

[0070] The sensor synchronization module is used to establish a synchronization mechanism for the acquired data between sensors, and integrate and process the multi-source data acquired by each sensor in the hardware device. Specifically:

[0071] Determine the initial timestamp as the synchronization reference source, synchronize each sensor with the synchronization reference source in the time dimension, and generate a local time consistent with the synchronization reference source;

[0072] Based on the control module, set the acquisition parameters of each sensor, such as sampling rate, resolution, range, etc., and start each sensor simultaneously based on the timestamp of the data acquisition task. The sensor implements the acquisition task according to the acquisition parameters;

[0073] During the implementation of the acquisition task, timestamp the acquired data, where the timestamp corresponds one-to-one with the time of the synchronization reference source;

[0074] Align the data of each sensor to the same time series according to the timestamp, and extract the data at the same time point from each sensor to form a data set containing multi-source data.

[0075] In this embodiment, the hardware acquisition module integrates a variety of hardware devices, can simultaneously or separately acquire different types of spatial position information and image data, and uses GPS and high-precision sensors to achieve high-precision positioning and measurement of the target area, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the data. Through remote monitoring and control, operators can view the device status in real time and adjust the working parameters to ensure the smooth progress of the data acquisition task. The sensor synchronization module can effectively integrate the acquired data of different sensors, ensuring the consistency and accuracy of the data in the time dimension, and providing strong support for subsequent data processing and applications.

[0076] In this embodiment, the data processing and analysis unit includes:

[0077] A data processing module for cleaning and formatting the data set obtained based on the data transmission channel, correcting the multi-source data in the data set based on GPS information and sensor parameters, correcting the spatial position data based on GPS information to ensure the accuracy of the geographical coordinates of the data, and correcting the measurement data according to the sensor parameters to improve the accuracy of the data;

[0078] A three-dimensional model construction module for performing point cloud processing based on the corrected multi-source data and constructing a three-dimensional urban model based on the point cloud data;

[0079] A feature extraction module for extracting the target urban features of geographical elements such as roads, buildings, and vegetation based on the three-dimensional urban model and performing quantization processing on the identified target urban features;

[0080] A change monitoring module for obtaining the corresponding historical data based on the target urban features, judging whether the urban form and structure have changed based on the comparison results, and analyzing the change type and degree of change based on the detection results;

[0081] Integrate the analysis results of the change type and degree of change to generate the historical change data of the city, establish a prediction model, and input the historical change data into the prediction model to generate the prediction results of future change trends, including information such as the predicted change type, degree of change, and change area;

[0082] A report generation module for generating a surveying and mapping report based on the output results of the change monitoring module and performing visual display, including data overview, analysis results, charts, etc., and integrating the surveying and mapping report into the GIS platform to support operations such as spatial query, analysis, and visualization.

[0083] In this embodiment, the data processing and analysis unit provides an accurate reproduction of the urban form through the three-dimensional urban model, improves the utilization efficiency of the surveying and mapping data, provides a scientific basis for urban planning, management, and decision-making, enhances the monitoring ability of urban changes, and promotes the development of smart cities.

[0084] In this embodiment, the data backup and sharing unit includes:

[0085] A data backup and recovery module for automatically executing the backup data task and verifying the backup data task according to a preset time period, and constructing a data recovery mechanism, and performing a recovery operation based on the data recovery mechanism in the case of data loss or damage according to the verification results of the transmission verification module;

[0086] A data storage module for constructing a distributed urban database and performing distributed storage on the data output by the data acquisition unit and the data processing and analysis unit based on the urban database;

[0087] A data sharing module is used to perform data interaction with a data sharing service platform through a data sharing mechanism, and publish surveying and mapping reports and data processing results to the data sharing service platform for visual display in accordance with specified formats and standards. The data processing results include the analysis results of the change monitoring module, datasets containing multi-source data, urban 3D models, maps, etc.

[0088] In this embodiment, through the data backup and sharing unit, recovery operations can be quickly executed, minimizing business interruption time, regularly verifying the integrity and recoverability of backup data, ensuring the effectiveness of backup data, safeguarding data security, implementing management such as classification, tagging, and indexing of data, facilitating quick retrieval and access, and implementing refined permission management to ensure that different users and departments can access appropriate data.

[0089] In this embodiment, the data storage module is specifically:

[0090] Decompose multi-source data such as geographic coordinates, elevation information, image materials, spectral data, temperature data, and environmental parameters into several sub-data, and determine the attribute information of each sub-data, such as data type (spatial data, image data, sensor data), collection time, data accuracy, etc.;

[0091] Evaluate the usage intensity of each sub-data according to the attribute information. For example, frequently queried geographic coordinate data has a high usage intensity, and perform transmission matching according to the usage intensity of the sub-data and the probability of bandwidth occupancy;

[0092] After the transmission matching is completed, calculate the balance parameter of data storage, which reflects the load balance degree between storage nodes, and compare the balance parameter with a preset balance parameter;

[0093] If the balance parameter is less than the preset value, screen out the storage nodes with a load greater than the first preset load as the first storage nodes, and establish a first queue;

[0094] At the same time, screen out the storage nodes with a load less than the second preset load as the second storage nodes, and establish a second queue;

[0095] Perform corresponding matching according to the first queue and the second queue to obtain several matching groups;

[0096] Establish the association relationship between the first storage node and the second storage node in the matching group;

[0097] According to the association relationship, analyze the excess load on the first storage node, extract the main content and record tags. For example, migrate specific image materials or sensor data;

[0098] Transmit the said main content to the second storage node for storage, while retaining the record tags on the first storage node for easy data retrieval and management;

[0099] Ensure that the data is correctly stored on the second storage node and maintain the corresponding record tags on the first storage node;

[0100] Monitor the load conditions of the first storage node and the second storage node according to a preset time period, and perform storage node re - matching and load migration based on the load monitoring results to maintain the load balance of the system.

[0101] In this embodiment, the data storage module realizes efficient data management, dynamic load adjustment and intelligent matching between storage nodes by decomposing multi - source surveying and mapping data and evaluating the usage intensity, ensures the system load balance, improves the storage performance and response speed. In addition, the data migration and backup strategy enhances data security, while the automated monitoring and maintenance simplifies the management process, not only improving the efficiency of data processing but also reducing the operating cost, providing a stable, reliable and easily expandable storage solution for the surveying and mapping data acquisition system.

[0102] To better demonstrate the implementation of the surveying and mapping data acquisition system based on the City Information Model, please refer to Figure 2 , the present invention provides a surveying and mapping data acquisition method based on the City Information Model, including the following steps:

[0103] Step 1: Data acquisition: According to a predetermined plan, use hardware devices such as unmanned aerial vehicles and mobile measurement vehicles to perform multi - source data acquisition, including:

[0104] Use unmanned aerial vehicles to collect aerial image data and spectral data; use mobile measurement vehicles to collect ground elevation information and environmental parameters; use handheld devices to perform geographic coordinate positioning of specific points; use laser scanners to collect point cloud data; use digital cameras to obtain high - resolution images;

[0105] Step 2: Data transmission and storage: Regularly transmit the collected multi - source data to the data processing and analysis unit through a wireless transmission module, monitor the data transmission process, and perform backup and storage based on the data backup and sharing unit. The storage is carried out according to the following process:

[0106] Decompose the data into several sub - data, and determine the attribute information of each sub - data; evaluate the usage intensity of each sub - data according to the attribute information and perform transmission matching; calculate the equilibrium parameter of data storage and compare it with the preset equilibrium parameter; according to the comparison result, screen out the storage nodes with unbalanced load, and perform load migration and storage optimization;

[0107] Step 3: Data Processing and Analysis: Clean, format convert, and perform preliminary calibration on the received multi-source data, including calibration based on GPS information and sensor parameters, remove invalid and incorrect data, ensure the consistency of data formats, lay a foundation for subsequent processing, construct a 3D urban model based on the point cloud data, extract geographical elements such as roads, buildings, and vegetation from the 3D urban model, and detect urban changes;

[0108] Step 4: Result Output: Generate a surveying and mapping report according to the analysis results, including data overview, analysis results, charts, etc., and integrate the surveying and mapping report and data processing results into the GIS platform to support operations such as spatial query, analysis, and visualization. At the same time, conduct quality inspection and evaluation on the surveying and mapping report and data processing results to ensure meeting the project requirements;

[0109] Step 5: Data Sharing and Application: Visually display the surveying and mapping results through the data sharing service platform to support applications in fields such as urban planning, construction, and management.

[0110] The above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent replacements or changes, and should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The surveying and mapping data acquisition system based on the urban information model is characterized by: include: The data acquisition unit is used to simultaneously collect multi-source data based on various hardware devices, and locate and measure the target acquisition area; The data transmission unit is used to transmit the collected multi-source data to the data processing and analysis unit in real time, and to monitor the transmission quality of the data transmission process; The data processing and analysis unit is used to process and analyze the acquired multi-source data, construct a three-dimensional urban model, input the collected multi-source data into the three-dimensional urban model to extract the characteristics of the target city, compare historical data to detect whether the city has changed, and generate a surveying and mapping report; The data backup sharing unit is used to regularly back up surveying and mapping data and establish a data recovery mechanism. At the same time, the processed surveying and mapping reports are shared through the data sharing service platform.

2. The surveying and mapping data acquisition system based on the urban information model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition unit comprises: The hardware acquisition module is used to obtain the data types of multi-source data required by the urban information model based on hardware devices, including spatial location information, image data, and sensor data; A control module is used to monitor and control the working status of the hardware devices in real time, and adjust the travel path and operation tasks of each hardware device according to task requirements and real-time environmental information; The sensor synchronization module is used to establish a data acquisition synchronization mechanism between sensors and integrate and process the multi-source data collected by each sensor in the acquired hardware device.

3. The surveying and mapping data acquisition system based on the urban information model as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The sensor synchronization module integrates and processes the collected data of different sensors, specifically: Determine the initial timestamp as the synchronization reference source, synchronize each sensor with the synchronization reference source in the time dimension, and generate a local time consistent with the synchronization reference source; Setting acquisition parameters for each sensor based on the control module, and starting each sensor simultaneously based on the timestamp of the data acquisition task, wherein the sensor implements the acquisition task according to the acquisition parameters; During the collection task, the collected data is time-stamped, wherein the time stamp corresponds to the time of the synchronization reference source one by one; The data of each sensor are aligned to the same time series according to the timestamp, and the data at the same time point are extracted from each sensor to form a data set containing multi-source data.

4. The surveying and mapping data acquisition system based on the urban information model according to claim 3, characterized in that: The data transmission unit comprises: The wireless transmission module is used to establish a data transmission channel between each hardware device in the hardware acquisition module and the data processing and analysis unit, and obtain each key communication node in the data transmission channel; The transmission verification module is used to monitor the data transmission operation quality of the associated communication nodes in real time and to verify the integrity of the transmission data passing through the associated communication nodes.

5. The surveying and mapping data acquisition system based on the urban information model according to claim 4, characterized in that: The data processing and analysis unit comprises: The data processing module is used to clean and convert the data set obtained through the data transmission channel, and to correct the multi-source data in the data set based on GPS information and sensor parameters; A 3D model building module is used to process point clouds based on the corrected multi-source data and build a 3D city model based on the point cloud data; A feature extraction module is used to extract the target city features based on the city 3D model and quantify the identified target city features; The change monitoring module is used to obtain the corresponding historical data based on the characteristics of the target city, and to determine whether the city's form and structure have changed based on the comparison results, and to analyze the type and degree of change based on the detection results; The report generation module is used to generate a surveying and mapping report based on the output results of the change monitoring module and to display it visually.

6. The surveying and mapping data acquisition system based on the urban information model according to claim 5, characterized in that: The change monitoring module also includes: integrating the analysis results of change types and change degrees to generate historical change data of the city, establishing a prediction model, and inputting the historical change data into the prediction model to generate future change trend prediction results.

7. The surveying and mapping data acquisition system based on the urban information model according to claim 6, characterized in that: The data backup sharing unit includes: The data backup and recovery module is used to automatically perform the backup data task and verify the backup data task according to the preset time period, and to build a data recovery mechanism. According to the verification result of the transmission verification module, the recovery operation is performed based on the data recovery mechanism in the case of data loss or damage; A data storage module is used to construct a distributed city database and to perform distributed storage of data output by the data acquisition unit and the data processing and analysis unit based on the city database; The data sharing module is used to interact with the data sharing service platform through the data sharing mechanism, and publish the surveying and mapping reports and data processing results to the data sharing service platform for visual display in accordance with the prescribed format and standards.

8. The surveying and mapping data acquisition system based on the urban information model according to claim 7, characterized in that: Data storage module, specifically: Decompose multi-source data into several sub-data and determine the attribute information of each sub-data; Evaluate the usage intensity of each sub-data according to the attribute information, and perform transmission matching based on the usage intensity of the sub-data and the bandwidth occupancy probability; After the transmission matching is completed, the equalization parameter of the data storage is calculated, and the equalization parameter is compared with the preset equalization parameter; If the balancing parameter is less than a preset value, a storage node with a load greater than a first preset load is selected as a first storage node, and a first queuing queue is established; At the same time, a storage node with a load less than a second preset load is selected as a second storage node, and a second queuing queue is established; Perform corresponding matching according to the first queuing queue and the second queuing queue to obtain a plurality of matching groups; Establishing an association relationship between the first storage node and the second storage node in the matching group; According to the association relationship, the redundant load on the first storage node is parsed to extract the main content and the record tag; Transmitting the main content to the second storage node for storage, while retaining the record tag on the first storage node; Ensure that the data is correctly stored on the second storage node and maintain the corresponding record tag on the first storage node.

9. The surveying and mapping data acquisition system based on the urban information model according to claim 8, characterized in that: The data storage module further includes: monitoring the load conditions of the first storage node and the second storage node according to a preset time period, and performing storage node rematching and load migration according to the load monitoring result.

10. A surveying and mapping data collection method based on a city information model, used to implement the surveying and mapping data collection system based on a city information model as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Data collection: Use hardware equipment to collect multi-source data according to the predetermined plan; Step 2: Data transmission and storage: regularly transmit the collected multi-source data to the data processing and analysis unit through the wireless transmission module, monitor the data transmission process, and back up and store it based on the data backup sharing unit; Step 3: Data processing and analysis: Clean, convert and preliminarily correct the received multi-source data, build a 3D city model based on the point cloud data, extract geographic elements from the 3D city model, and detect and analyze urban changes; Step 4: Output: Generate a surveying and mapping report based on the analysis results, and integrate the surveying and mapping report and data processing results into the GIS platform. At the same time, conduct quality inspection and evaluation on the surveying and mapping report and data processing results; Step 5: Data sharing and application: Visualize the surveying and mapping results through the data sharing service platform.

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