Test platform for dynamic characteristic test of aviation high-speed transmission spline

Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic characteristic test platform for an aviation high-speed transmission spline, and the platform comprises a driving device which comprises a driving motor. The torque / rotating speed measuring device comprises a torque sensor connected with an output shaft of the driving motor, and the torque sensor is connected with the information processor through a switching data line; the lubricating device comprises a hollow flange shaft connected with the output end of the torque sensor, and the hollow flange shaft is used for being connected with the internal spline. The test generation device comprises a hollow flange short shaft, a hollow short shaft fixedly connected with the hollow flange short shaft and a hollow long shaft fixedly connected with the hollow short shaft, and the hollow flange short shaft is used for connecting an external spline; the vibration characteristic measuring device comprises displacement sensors which are fixedly installed at the horizontal axis position and the vertical axis position of the spline. The displacement sensors are connected with an information processor through a data acquisition card. The load device comprises a hysteresis brake fixedly connected with the hollow long shaft, the rotating speed and the torque can be flexibly controlled, and the test difficulty is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical transmission, and particularly relates to a test platform for dynamic characteristics of an aero high-speed transmission spline. Background Art

[0002] Involute spline couplings have the advantages of good centering accuracy, strong load-bearing capacity, high contact and extrusion strength, small weakening of the shaft, compact structure, light weight, and can effectively transmit relatively large torque. In addition, their connection has a certain degree of disassembly, which is convenient for installation, disassembly and maintenance, and can be widely used in the aerospace field. Their high-precision tooth profile matching can ensure the precise connection of various components in the aero-engine transmission system, effectively transmit powerful power, and provide key support for the stable and efficient operation of the engine. In the complex mechanical structure of spacecraft, the high reliability of involute splines ensures the smooth movement of various moving parts, maintains stable mechanical properties, and guarantees the successful execution of the spacecraft's flight mission. At the same time, the good interchangeability of involute splines facilitates the manufacturing, assembly and maintenance of aerospace equipment, reduces production costs and maintenance difficulties, and improves the economy and practicality of the entire aerospace system.

[0003] However, involute spline couplings also have some problems. For example, during the operation of the equipment, the spline is prone to vibration due to the action of periodic loads. This vibration will not only accelerate the wear of the spline tooth surface, shorten the service life of the coupling, but also may cause loosening of the connecting components, affecting the transmission accuracy and stability. Moreover, the noise generated by the vibration will also have an adverse impact on the working environment. At the same time, the vibration may also cause resonance, making the spline coupling bear greater stress, and even causing structural damage, posing a potential threat to the safe and stable operation of the equipment.

[0004] As an important connecting component in mechanical transmission, spline connections can be divided into fixed and floating types according to different operating states. Among them, floating splines refer to the "floating" of the elastic shaft achieved through loose spline connections. This type of spline is mostly used in helicopter reducers and accessories. Floating splines can effectively compensate for axial and radial displacements caused by manufacturing, installation, and working condition changes, reduce additional stresses caused by misalignment, and extend the service life of transmission components. The floating characteristics of splines enable them to absorb and buffer part of the vibration and impact energy, improve the dynamic performance of the transmission system, and enhance the stability and reliability of the system. However, forces such as torque fluctuations from the engine, unbalanced forces in the transmission system, and impact forces generated by gear meshing will cause the spline to bear alternating bending moments, torques, and shear forces, whose magnitudes and directions change continuously over time. For example, in the transmission system of an aeroengine, the unbalanced forces generated by high-speed rotating components are transmitted through the spline, resulting in the spline being subjected to complex mechanical excitations. Maneuvering actions during helicopter flight, impacts during aircraft takeoff and landing, and other operating conditions will cause the transmission system to generate complex accelerations and vibrations. These dynamic excitations will act on the floating spline through various channels, coupling with other excitations, increasing the complexity of the excitations received by the spline. This complex excitation environment makes the force condition of the spline pair difficult to predict. Most importantly, vibration will cause tiny relative movements between the spline tooth surfaces. This additional frictional effect will accelerate the wear of the tooth surfaces. For example, under high-frequency vibration, the contact surface material of the spline teeth will gradually peel off, reducing the tooth thickness and affecting the fitting accuracy of the spline. Under the repeated action of such continuous vibration, involute splines are prone to fatigue cracks. Just like repeatedly bending a metal wire, which will eventually cause the metal wire to break at a certain position, stress concentration areas such as the spline tooth roots are likely to be damaged due to fatigue. The superimposed effect of multiple wear forms will consume the material of the spline pair faster, resulting in a decline in its reliability and a service life far lower than the normal expectation.

[0005] The technical requirements for involute splines in aero-engines are becoming increasingly stringent. How to improve the performance of aero-involute spline pairs while, from the perspective of the impact of vibration, slowing down their damage and extending their service life is a key issue that urgently needs to be solved in the design of aero-power transmission systems. By collecting dynamic characteristics such as vibration frequency and amplitude, understanding the dynamic characteristics of the spline during high-speed operation helps optimize the design parameters of the spline. The spline is an important component of the aero-transmission system, and the collection of its dynamic characteristics can help evaluate the stability of the entire transmission system. Accurate dynamic characteristic data can be used as an important basis for judging whether the transmission system can maintain stable operation under high-speed conditions. In view of this, it is imperative to test and analyze the dynamic characteristics of aero-involute splines under extreme working conditions, which also makes the aero-involute spline test platform the focus of the scientific research field. However, there are many defects in the current involute spline simulation test bench: First, the supply of lubricating oil is not considered, which causes a certain degree of deviation in the experimental results and cannot accurately reflect the true performance of the spline; Second, most test platforms lack precision in control, manufacturing precision, and installation accuracy. This shortcoming makes the test results have large errors and it is difficult to achieve the ideal test effect; Third, most platforms do not consider the vibration problem of the involute spline during operation, so the test platform does not have a vibration characteristic measurement device and cannot collect the vibration characteristics of the spline during operation.

[0006] The patent application document with the publication number CN117782583A discloses an aero-high-speed transmission spline test platform that can achieve oil injection lubrication, including a driving device, a lubricating device, a test generating device, a working condition simulation device, and a load device. The driving device includes a driving motor fixedly connected to a torque sensor; the lubricating device includes a hydraulic station and a bearing housing connected by an oil inlet pipe. The bearing housing is fixedly connected with a deep groove ball bearing for installing a hollow shaft. The hollow shaft is fixedly connected to the torque sensor and is provided with an oil inlet hole; the test generating device includes a spline protective housing connected to the hydraulic station by an oil outlet pipe. The spline shaft is connected to the spline protective housing, and the spline shaft is fixedly connected to the hollow shaft; the working condition simulation device includes a support plate, a displacement adjustment device, and a connecting plate fixedly connected thereto. The support plate and the connecting plate are provided with strip-shaped through holes for passing through set screws. The connecting plate is fixedly connected with a transition hollow shaft fixedly connected to the spline shaft; the load device includes an eddy current dynamometer fixedly connected with a short shaft, and the short shaft is fixedly connected to the transition hollow shaft, which can simulate different extreme working conditions and reduce test errors. Although it solves the problem of the supply of lubricating oil in the test platform, the spline platform designs a spline protective housing as the end point of the oil circuit when considering oil lubrication, and the existence of the spline protective housing hinders the collection of vibration information. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a test platform for the dynamic characteristics of an aviation high-speed transmission spline, which solves the problems of the existing involute spline simulation test platform, such as the lack of lubricating oil supply, low control accuracy, and the inability to collect the vibration characteristics of the spline during operation.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A test platform for the dynamic characteristics of an aviation high-speed transmission spline includes a mounting base plate and an information processor. A driving device, a torque / speed measuring device, a lubricating device, a test generating device, a vibration characteristic measuring device, and a load device are arranged on the mounting base plate;

[0010] The driving device includes a driving motor, and the output shaft of the driving motor is connected to the torque / speed measuring device;

[0011] The torque / speed measuring device includes a torque sensor connected to the output shaft of the driving motor. The output end of the torque sensor is fixedly connected to the lubricating device, and the torque sensor is connected to the information processor through an adapter data cable;

[0012] The lubricating device includes a first bearing seat. An oil inlet threaded hole is opened at the upper end of the first bearing seat. A hollow flange shaft connected to the output end of the torque sensor is arranged in the first bearing seat. A plurality of oil inlet holes are evenly opened on the surface of the hollow flange shaft, and the hollow flange shaft is used to connect the internal spline;

[0013] The test generating device includes a hollow flange short shaft, which is used to connect the external spline. The internal spline and the external spline are connected through an outer shaft ring. The other end of the hollow flange short shaft is connected to a hollow short shaft, and the hollow short shaft passes through the second bearing seat and is fixedly connected to a hollow long shaft. The hollow long shaft passes through the third bearing seat and is fixedly connected to the load device;

[0014] The vibration characteristic measuring device includes displacement sensors, which are respectively fixedly installed at the horizontal axis position and the vertical axis position of the spline. The displacement sensors are respectively connected to preamplifiers, and the preamplifiers transmit signals to a data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card is connected to the information processor;

[0015] The load device includes a hysteresis brake fixedly connected to the hollow long shaft, and an air pump is connected to the air inlet of the hysteresis brake.

[0016] Further, two mutually parallel T-shaped grooves are opened on the mounting base plate, and a driving motor bracket, a torque sensor bracket, a first bearing seat base, a displacement sensor bracket, a second bearing seat base, a third bearing seat base, and a hysteresis brake bracket are sequentially fixedly installed on the T-shaped grooves;

[0017] The driving motor is fixedly installed on the mounting base plate through a driving motor bracket; the torque sensor is fixedly installed on the mounting base plate through a torque sensor bracket; the first bearing seat is fixedly installed on the mounting base plate through a first bearing seat base; the displacement sensor is fixedly installed on the mounting base plate through a displacement sensor bracket; the second bearing seat is fixedly installed on the mounting base plate through a second bearing seat base, the third bearing seat is fixedly installed on the mounting base plate through a third bearing seat base, and the hysteresis brake is fixedly installed on the mounting base plate through a hysteresis brake bracket.

[0018] Further, the first bearing seat includes a first bearing seat base. An oil inlet threaded hole is opened at the upper end of the inner cavity of the first bearing seat base. A deep groove ball bearing is fixedly connected inside the inner cavity of the first bearing seat base. A first positioning sleeve is installed at one end of the inner cavity of the first bearing seat base and the deep groove ball bearing. A lip seal is installed inside the first positioning sleeve and is encapsulated by threadedly fixing a sealing gasket and a first end cover on the first bearing seat base; at the other end of the inner cavity of the first bearing seat base and the deep groove ball bearing, a second positioning sleeve is installed. A lip seal is installed inside the second positioning sleeve; and it is encapsulated by threadedly fixing a sealing gasket and a second end cover on the first bearing seat base.

[0019] The second bearing seat includes a second bearing seat base. A deep groove ball bearing is fixedly connected inside the inner cavity of the second bearing seat base. First positioning sleeves are respectively installed at both ends of the inner cavity of the second bearing seat base and the deep groove ball bearing. Lip seals are respectively installed inside the first positioning sleeves. Both ends of the second bearing seat base are respectively encapsulated by a sealing gasket, a third end cover and a sealing gasket, a fourth end cover.

[0020] The third bearing seat includes a third bearing seat base. A deep groove ball bearing is fixedly connected inside the inner cavity of the third bearing seat base. First positioning sleeves are respectively installed at both ends of the inner cavity of the third bearing seat base and the deep groove ball bearing. Lip seals are respectively installed inside the first positioning sleeves. Both ends of the second bearing seat base are respectively encapsulated by a sealing gasket, a fifth end cover and a sealing gasket, a sixth end cover.

[0021] Further, the oil inlet threaded hole at the upper part of the first bearing seat base is close to the second positioning sleeve side. When injecting oil, an oil filling cup can be inserted for oil injection. After the oil injection is completed, an internal hexagonal sealing plug is arranged on the oil inlet threaded hole for sealing.

[0022] Further, on the side of the second positioning sleeve close to the first bearing seat base, a semi-circular cylindrical body is fixedly connected to the sleeve.

[0023] Further, the shaft body of the hollow flange shaft sequentially passes through the second end cover and its gasket, the second positioning sleeve, the deep groove ball bearing, the first positioning sleeve, the gasket of the first end cover, and the first end cover, and is connected to the torque sensor; a plurality of oil inlets of the hollow flange shaft are located in the inner cavity of the first bearing seat base body, and a partition of 2 mm is provided on one side of the hollow flange shaft close to the torque sensor.

[0024] Further, the displacement sensor bracket is provided with three threaded holes on the left and right sides and the upper part, and the displacement sensor is fixed on the displacement sensor bracket through the threaded holes.

[0025] Further, three oil inlet holes are evenly distributed on the hollow flange shaft, and a groove is provided on the end face of the flange of the hollow flange shaft, and an O-ring is installed in the groove for sealing between the hollow flange shaft and the internal spline.

[0026] Further, the output shaft of the driving motor is connected to the torque sensor through a first diaphragm coupling, the torque sensor and the hollow flange shaft are connected through a second diaphragm coupling, the hollow flange short shaft and the hollow short shaft are connected through a third diaphragm coupling, the hollow short shaft and the hollow long shaft are connected through a fourth diaphragm coupling, and the hollow long shaft and the hysteresis brake are connected through a fifth diaphragm coupling.

[0027] Further, the internal spline is of a hollow flange structure, the external spline is of a semi-hollow flange structure, the middle part of the spline shaft is a solid shaft, and a groove is provided on the outer ring of the shaft, and an O-ring is installed in the groove for sealing between the internal spline and the external spline.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0029] 1) In the present invention, the lubricating oil is sent to the first bearing seat through the oil inlet threaded port, the lubricating oil enters the interior of the hollow flange shaft through the oil inlet holes on the hollow flange shaft, and flows out from the end opening thereof, and sequentially enters the internal spline shaft and the external spline shaft, realizing the experimental study of the involute spline under the oil lubrication condition. The external spline is of a semi-hollow flange structure, and the design of the sealing structure of the oil path from the first bearing seat to the external spline can ensure the efficient lubrication state of the involute spline by the lubricating oil, reduce the wear caused by insufficient lubricant, further reduce the test error, and make the test platform have good universality.

[0030] 2) The present invention collects the vibration information of the involute spline under different working conditions through displacement sensors. The displacement sensors are respectively placed at the horizontal axis position and the vertical axis position of the involute spline pair. By measuring the displacement conditions in multiple directions, the vibration information of the involute spline under different working conditions is studied. In addition, the fixed installation of the displacement sensors can also make the installation positions of the internal spline shaft and the external spline shaft the same each time, ensuring the high-precision positioning of the initial position of the spline, reducing the test error caused by the installation position deviation, and improving the accuracy of the test results.

[0031] 3) The present invention can adjust the driving motor through a frequency converter to simulate high-speed working conditions and accurately collect torque and speed information through a torque sensor. Under high-speed working conditions, the stress, wear conditions, etc. borne by the spline will change. The present invention simulating high speed can better test the performance of the spline during actual high-speed operation, including the stability of its torque transmission. By accurately collecting torque and speed information through the torque sensor, the mechanical characteristics of the spline under different working conditions can be deeply understood using torque and speed data, providing accurate data support for the optimization of the spline performance and helping to design more durable and efficient splines.

[0032] 4) The output shaft of the driving motor is connected to the torque sensor, the torque sensor and the hollow flange shaft, the hollow flange short shaft and the hollow short shaft, the hollow short shaft and the hollow long shaft, and the hollow long shaft and the hysteresis brake through diaphragm couplings respectively, effectively reducing the vibration noise during the operation of the aviation involute spline. At the same time, radial displacement compensation can be achieved, ensuring the smooth operation of the equipment; adopting a multi-span shaft structure and supporting the spline shaft with three bearing seats can better simulate the actual working conditions of the aviation spline and more accurately collect the dynamic characteristics of the aviation spline during operation.

[0033] In summary, the present invention can simulate the working states of the involute spline under different working conditions, quantitatively provide inputs and collect dynamic information, reduce the test error caused by external factors, and improve the accuracy of the test platform. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the overall assembly structure of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the internal spline and the external spline of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 is an exploded view of the first bearing seat of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4 is an assembly schematic diagram of the first bearing seat of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the second positioning sleeve of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural view of the hollow flange shaft of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural view of the displacement sensor bracket of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural view of the internal spline of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic structural view of the external spline of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic structural view of the end cover of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 11 This is a schematic structural view of the first positioning sleeve of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 12 This is a schematic structural view of the hollow flange short shaft of the present invention.

[0046] In the figure: 1. Driving motor; 2. Driving motor bracket; 3. First diaphragm coupling; 4. Torque sensor; 5. Data acquisition card; 6. Second diaphragm coupling; 7. Hollow flange short shaft; 8. Proximitor; 9. Information processor; 10. Third diaphragm coupling; 11. Hollow short shaft; 12. Second bearing seat; 13. Fourth diaphragm coupling; 14. Hollow long shaft; 15. Air pump; 16. Hysteresis brake; 17. Hysteresis brake bracket; 18. Fifth diaphragm coupling; 19. Sixth end cover; 20. Third bearing seat; 21. Fifth end cover; 22. Fourth end cover; 23. Installation base plate; 24. Third end cover; 25. External spline; 26. Displacement sensor bracket; 27. Displacement sensor; 28. Internal spline; 29. Hollow flange shaft; 30. Second end cover; 31. First bearing seat; 32. First end cover; 33. Torque sensor bracket; 34. Deep groove ball bearing; 35. First positioning sleeve; 36. Second positioning sleeve; 37. Sealing gasket; 38. Lip seal. Detailed implementation manners

[0047] The following further elaborates on the specific content of the present invention in conjunction with embodiments.

[0048] Such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2As shown in the figure, a test platform for dynamic characteristics of an aviation high-speed transmission spline includes an installation base plate 23, a driving device, a torque / speed measurement device, a lubrication device, a test generating device, a vibration characteristic measurement device, and a load device; the driving device includes a driving motor 1, and the output shaft of the driving motor 1 is connected to the torque / speed measurement device; the torque / speed measurement device includes a torque sensor 4 connected to the output shaft of the driving motor 1, and a first diaphragm coupling 3 is provided between the output shaft of the driving motor 1 and the torque sensor 4. The output end of the torque sensor 4 is fixedly connected to the lubrication device, and the torque sensor 4 is connected to the information processor 9 through an adapter data cable; the lubrication device includes a first bearing seat 31, an oil inlet threaded hole is opened at the upper end of the first bearing seat 31, and a hollow flange shaft 29 connected to the output end of the torque sensor 4 is arranged inside the first bearing seat 31. A second diaphragm coupling 6 is provided between the torque sensor 4 and the hollow flange shaft 29, and a plurality of oil inlet holes are evenly opened on the surface of the hollow flange shaft 29. The hollow flange shaft 29 is used to connect the internal spline 28; the test generating device includes a hollow flange short shaft 7, as Figure 12 shown, the hollow flange short shaft 7 is used to connect the external spline 25, the internal spline 28 and the external spline 25 are connected through the shaft outer ring, the other end of the hollow flange short shaft 7 is connected to the hollow short shaft 11, and a third diaphragm coupling 10 is provided between the hollow flange short shaft 7 and the hollow short shaft 11. The hollow short shaft 11 passes through the second bearing seat 12 and is fixedly connected to the hollow long shaft 14 through a fourth diaphragm coupling 13. The hollow long shaft 14 passes through the third bearing seat 20 and is fixedly connected to the load device; the vibration characteristic measurement device includes a displacement sensor 27, and the displacement sensor 27 is respectively fixedly installed at the horizontal axis position and the vertical axis position of the spline. The displacement sensor 27 is respectively connected to the preamplifier 8, and the preamplifier 8 transmits the signal to the data acquisition card 5. The data acquisition card 5 is connected to the information processor 9 at one end; the load device includes a hysteresis brake 16 fixedly connected to the hollow long shaft 14, and an air pump 15 is connected to the air inlet of the hysteresis brake 16.

[0049] Two parallel T-shaped grooves are opened on the installation base plate 23. Through holes with the same groove line spacing as the T-shaped grooves are provided at the bottoms of the driving motor bracket 2, the torque sensor bracket 33, the displacement sensor bracket 26, and the hysteresis brake bracket 17. The driving motor bracket 2, the torque sensor bracket 33, the displacement sensor bracket 26, and the hysteresis brake bracket 17 are fixedly connected to the installation base plate 23 through bolts from left to right in sequence, which can prevent measurement errors caused by lateral position movement due to vibration during the test.

[0050] The driving device includes a driving motor bracket 2 fixedly installed on the upper surface of the mounting base plate 23. The driving motor bracket 2 is fixedly installed with a driving motor 1. The model of the driving motor 1 is CYT130-37C60C-T, the output power is 3.7 kW, and the maximum speed can reach 12,000 revolutions. The driving motor 1 is equipped with a frequency converter of model CYTC500-M-BT37C. The driving motor 1 is controlled by the frequency converter to make the driving motor 1 work at different speeds, which is convenient for studying the dynamic characteristics of the involute spline at different speeds. Before starting the driving motor 1, check the connection line between the frequency converter and the driving motor 1 to ensure that the connection is correct and firm, and there are no mechanical failures and jams in the driving motor 1; turn on the power supply of the frequency converter and turn on the control power switch of the frequency converter; find the "Start" button on the operation panel of the frequency converter and press the start button, and the driving motor 1 starts to start. According to the corresponding relationship between the output frequency of the frequency converter and the speed of the driving motor 1, gradually increase the output frequency of the frequency converter on the operation panel of the frequency converter to make the speed of the driving motor 1 rise to the frequency set value of the required speed. At the same time, closely observe the operating state of the driving motor 1 to ensure that the driving motor 1 runs smoothly without abnormal vibration and noise. During the process of adjusting the frequency, pay attention to the output current of the frequency converter and the load condition of the driving motor 1. If the current is too large and approaches the rated current of the frequency converter or there are signs of overload in the driving motor 1, it is necessary to stop the acceleration operation and check whether the load is abnormal. After the driving motor 1 finishes working, start the deceleration operation. Through the operation panel, slowly reduce the output frequency of the frequency converter. The deceleration time can be reasonably set according to the actual situation to avoid large mechanical shocks caused by sudden stops of the driving motor 1; continuously reduce the frequency until the output frequency of the frequency converter is 0 Hz. At this time, the driving motor 1 stops running; turn off the control power and the main power of the frequency converter to complete the entire operation process of the driving motor 1. The output shaft of the driving motor 1 is connected with a torque sensor 4 through a first diaphragm coupling 3.

[0051] The torque / speed measurement device includes a torque sensor bracket 33 fixedly installed on the upper surface of the mounting base plate 23. A torque sensor 4 is fixedly installed on the torque sensor bracket 33. The model of the torque sensor 4 is DYN-200. The torque range that the torque sensor 4 can measure is 0-10 N / m. The rotational speed and torque output by the drive motor 1 can be measured through the torque sensor 4. The torque sensor 4 is connected to the information processor 9 through a 485 data transfer cable. The information on the torque and rotational speed collected is presented as specific values on the information processor 9 through the supporting software. Before starting, first check whether the connections between the torque sensor 4, the data transfer cable, the information processor 9, and the power supply are firm and correct. Ensure that the signal cable is not damaged and the interfaces are not loose, etc. Turn on the power of the torque sensor 4, start the data acquisition software supporting the torque sensor 4, and set relevant parameters in the software, such as the sampling frequency (which determines the number of data collected per second), the measurement unit (such as Newton-meter for torque unit and revolutions per minute for rotational speed unit), the data storage path, etc. At the same time, perform an initialization operation on the torque sensor 4 through the software to establish a communication connection between the software and the sensor. Start the drive motor 1 and let it run normally. The torque sensor 4 starts to measure the torque and rotational speed in real time and transmits them to the acquisition software. The software continuously collects and records the data of torque and rotational speed according to the set sampling frequency. After completing the test work, first stop the drive motor 1 to avoid the equipment still generating torque and rotational speed changes after the sensor stops working, which affects the accuracy of the measurement results. After the measured device has completely stopped, stop the data acquisition through the data acquisition software. At this time, the software will complete the recording and storage of the last batch of data. First, turn off the power of the torque sensor 4, and then close the data acquisition software. Ensure that the data has been properly saved before closing the software. In the spline dynamic characteristic test, engineers can quantitatively analyze the influence of torque and rotational speed on the spline dynamic characteristics based on the information provided by the torque sensor 4.

[0052] As Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, the lubrication device includes a first bearing seat 31. The first bearing seat 31 includes a first bearing seat base fixedly installed on the upper surface of the mounting base plate 23. An oil inlet threaded hole is opened in the upper part of the first bearing seat base. A deep groove ball bearing 34 is fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the first bearing seat base. A second positioning sleeve 36 installed with a lip seal 38 is installed in the right cavity of the first bearing seat base. The oil inlet threaded hole in the upper part of the first bearing seat base is close to one side of the second positioning sleeve 36. The lip seal 38 is installed forward (i.e., the lip faces inward) to play a sealing role. A sealing gasket 37 and a second end cover 30 are fixedly installed on the right end of the first bearing seat base 31 in sequence. The end cover is as Figure 10 shown.

[0053] As Figure 5As shown, on the side of the second positioning sleeve 36 close to the first bearing seat base, a semi-circular cylindrical body is fixedly connected to the sleeve, which can achieve axial positioning of the deep groove ball bearing 34 and has higher sealing performance.

[0054] As Figure 6 shown, three oil inlet holes are evenly distributed on the hollow flange shaft 29. A groove is opened on the flange end face of the hollow flange shaft 29, and an O-ring seal is installed in the groove for sealing between the hollow flange shaft 29 and the internal spline 28; the hollow flange shaft 29 is sequentially passed through the second end cover 30, gasket 37, lip seal 38, second positioning sleeve 36 and deep groove ball bearing 34 and then fixedly installed at a suitable position (that is, the positions of the three oil inlets on the hollow flange shaft are inside the cavity of the first bearing seat base); the first positioning sleeve 35 installed with the lip seal 38 is passed through the hollow flange shaft 29 and then installed in the left cavity of the first bearing seat cavity. The first positioning sleeve is as Figure 11 shown, the lip seal 38 is installed in the correct direction (lip facing inwards) to play a sealing role, and the sealing gasket 37 and the first end cover 32 are sequentially passed through the hollow flange shaft 29 and then fixedly installed at the left end of the first bearing seat base 31.

[0055] When refueling, first insert the oil filling cup into the oil inlet threaded hole opened in the upper part of the inner cavity of the first bearing seat base. The lubricating oil is poured into the funnel and then flows into the sealed cavity formed by the first bearing seat base, the first positioning sleeve 35, the second positioning sleeve 36, the sealing gasket 37, the lip seal 38, the first end cover 32 and the second end cover 30, and then flows into the inside of the hollow flange shaft 29 from the three oil inlet holes opened on the surface of the hollow flange shaft 29. On the hollow flange shaft 29, a partition of 2 mm is provided on the side close to the torque sensor 4 to control the direction of the oil path and prevent the lubricating oil from flowing to the left, that is, towards the torque sensor 4. The lubricating oil is used to lubricate the spline. After refueling, take out the oil filling cup, and the oil inlet threaded hole on the first bearing seat base 31 can be sealed with a flange-edge hexagon socket head cap screw.

[0056] As Figure 2 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9As shown, the test device includes an internal spline 28 fixedly connected to the hollow flange shaft 29 and an external spline 25 fixedly connected to the hollow flange short shaft 7. The internal spline 28 and the hollow flange shaft 29 are fixedly connected by threads. A groove is formed on the flange end face of the hollow flange shaft 29, and an O-ring seal is installed in the groove for sealing between the hollow flange shaft 29 and the internal spline 28. The internal spline 28 and the external spline 25 are connected by a key. The external spline 25 has a semi-hollow flange structure, and the middle part of the spline shaft is a solid shaft, which serves as the end point of the oil circuit. A groove is provided on the outer circle of the shaft, and an O-ring seal is installed in the groove for sealing between the internal spline 28 and the external spline 25. The internal spline 28 has a hollow flange structure. Lubricating oil enters the bearing housing oil cavity from the oil inlet threaded port of the first bearing housing 31, enters the inside of the hollow flange shaft 29 through three oil inlet ports provided on the hollow flange shaft 29, and enters the inside of the internal spline 28 after passing through the flange port to achieve lubrication. The external spline 25 and the hollow flange short shaft 7 are fixedly connected by threads.

[0057] The second bearing housing 12 includes a second bearing housing base body, which is fixedly installed on the mounting base plate 23. The deep groove ball bearing 34 is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the second bearing housing base body. The first positioning sleeve 35 with a lip seal 38 installed is installed in the left cavity of the second bearing housing 12. The lip seal 38 is installed in the reverse direction (lip facing outwards) to play a dust-proof role. The sealing gasket 37 and the third end cover 24 are fixedly installed on the left end of the second bearing housing base body 12 in sequence. The hollow short shaft 11 is fixedly installed after passing through the third end cover 24, the gasket 37, the lip seal 38, the first positioning sleeve 35, and the deep groove ball bearing 34 in sequence. The first positioning sleeve 35 with a lip seal 38 installed is installed in the right cavity of the first bearing housing after passing through the hollow short shaft. The lip seal 38 is installed in the reverse direction (lip facing outwards) to play a dust-proof role. The sealing gasket 37 and the fourth end cover 22 are fixedly installed on the right end of the second bearing housing base body 12 after passing through the hollow short shaft in sequence. The hollow flange short shaft 7 and the hollow short shaft 11 are fixedly connected by the third diaphragm coupling 10.

[0058] The third bearing housing 20 includes a third bearing housing base body, which is fixedly installed on the mounting base plate 23. A deep groove ball bearing 34 is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the third bearing housing base body. A first positioning sleeve 35 with a lip seal 38 installed thereon is installed in the left cavity of the third bearing housing. The lip seal 38 is installed in the reverse direction (lip facing outward) to play a dust-proof role. A sealing gasket 37 and a fifth end cover 21 are sequentially and fixedly installed at the left end of the third bearing housing base body. A hollow long shaft is sequentially passed through the fifth end cover 21, the sealing gasket 37, the lip seal 38, the first positioning sleeve 35, and the deep groove ball bearing 34 and then fixedly installed. The first positioning sleeve 35 with the lip seal 38 installed thereon is passed through the hollow long shaft and installed in the right cavity of the first bearing housing. The lip seal 38 is installed in the reverse direction (lip facing outward) to play a dust-proof role. The sealing gasket 37 and a sixth end cover 19 are sequentially passed through the hollow short shaft 11 and then fixedly installed at the right end of the third bearing housing base body 20. The hollow short shaft 11 and the hollow long shaft 14 are fixedly connected by a fourth diaphragm coupling 13.

[0059] The internal spline 28 is connected to the hollow flange shaft 29 to simulate the drive shaft in the aviation transmission main shaft. The external spline 25 is connected to the hollow flange short shaft 7. The hollow flange short shaft 7 is connected to the hollow short shaft 11 through a diaphragm coupling. The hollow short shaft 11 is connected to the hollow long shaft 14 through a diaphragm coupling. This part serves as the driven shaft, where the hollow short shaft 11 simulates the tail short shaft in the aviation transmission main shaft, and the hollow long shaft 14 simulates the tail long shaft in the aviation transmission main shaft.

[0060] Such as Figure 7As shown in the figure, the vibration characteristic measuring device includes a displacement sensor bracket 26 fixedly installed on the upper surface of the mounting base plate 23 and a displacement sensor 27 fixedly connected to the displacement sensor bracket 26. The displacement sensor bracket 26 is provided with three threaded holes on the left and right sides and the upper part, and the displacement sensor 27 is fixed on the displacement sensor bracket 26 through the threaded holes. Two displacement sensors 27 are respectively fixedly installed at the horizontal axis position and the vertical axis position of the involute spline pair through threaded connections. The two displacement sensors 27 are connected to two preamplifiers 8 through coaxial cables. The output signals of the two are connected to the corresponding channels of the data acquisition card 5 using double-headed BNC cables, and the data acquisition card 5 is connected to the information processor 9 through a USB cable. As the core of the vibration characteristic measuring device, the eddy current displacement sensor model is YK-WL504, with a measuring range of 4 mm. It can perform displacement measurement, amplitude measurement, rotational speed measurement, and non-destructive testing, etc. The amplitude measurement function is mainly used in this experimental platform. The sensor system mainly includes the displacement sensor 27, extension cable, preamplifier 8, and accessories. When installing, it is necessary to ensure that the two displacement sensors 27 are at 90°. The two displacement sensors 27 are coupled to each other to measure the shaft center orbit. In addition, the gap between the displacement sensor 27 and the measured surface should be controlled at about 1.5 mm, that is, the gap voltage is adjusted to 9 - 11 V. When used on-site, it should be noted that the diameter of the measured shaft cannot be too small. The spline shaft diameter of the test platform of the present invention is 30 mm, and a 5-mm displacement sensor 27 is used to measure parameters such as shaft vibration and shaft displacement. It can be connected to the data collector using a double-headed BNC cable. After adjusting to appropriate parameters, data acquisition can be carried out. Channels 1 and 2 are displacement signals. Signals are collected through the eddy current sensor to generate graphs, such as time-domain graphs, frequency spectra, etc. After setting the coupling parameters, the change of the shaft center orbit can also be observed. When starting the measurement, check whether the connections of all lines are correct and firm to ensure that there is no looseness or virtual connection. Connect the power supply to the preamplifier 8. According to the measurement requirements, set key parameters such as the sampling frequency on the data acquisition card 5 and the information processor 9 to ensure that accurate and effective vibration signals are collected. After the collection is completed, first stop the rotation of the high-speed rotating shaft. After it comes to a complete stop, then turn off the power supply of the preamplifier 8. Finally, close the data acquisition software and related equipment on the information processor 9.

[0061] As Figure 1 shown, in the load device, the hysteresis brake 16 is fixedly installed on the hysteresis brake bracket 17; the hysteresis brake 16 is connected to the controller through a wire, and the output end of the power supply is connected to the power input interface of the controller.

[0062] The hysteresis brake 16 is an air-cooled hysteresis brake 16, which is used in conjunction with an air pump 15. The air inlet of the hysteresis brake 16 is connected to an air inlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe is connected to the air outlet of the air pump 15. Before starting work, ensure that the hysteresis brake 16 is firmly installed, all components are correctly connected, the air pipe has no air leakage, and the circuit connection is not loose; first turn on the power supply of the controller, and then turn on the power supply of the air pump 15 to make the air pump 15 start working to provide cooling gas for the hysteresis brake 16; according to actual needs, set the excitation current of the hysteresis brake 16 through the adjustment knob on the controller, etc., so as to adjust the braking torque; during operation, the excitation current can be adjusted in real time as needed to change the braking torque, and at the same time pay attention to observing the operating state of the equipment, such as temperature, vibration, etc.; after completing the work, gradually reduce the excitation current output by the controller to zero to make the braking torque of the hysteresis brake 16 gradually disappear. First turn off the power supply of the air pump 15, and after the air pump 15 stops working, then turn off the power supply of the controller. After stopping, check whether the hysteresis brake 16 and related equipment have abnormalities, such as overheating, wear, etc., and carry out corresponding maintenance.

[0063] A test method for the dynamic characteristics of an aero high-speed transmission spline test platform includes the following steps:

[0064] Step 1: Socket an O-ring on the outer surface groove of the spline to be tested 25, key-connect the outer spline 25 with the inner spline 28, fixedly connect the hollow flange shaft 29 to the inner spline 28 through a flange, and fixedly connect the outer spline 25 to the hollow flange short shaft 7 through a flange;

[0065] Step 2: Insert an oil filling cup into the oil inlet threaded hole opened in the upper part of the first bearing seat base body. After the lubricating oil is poured into the funnel, it flows into the sealed cavity formed by the first bearing seat base body, the first positioning sleeve 35, the second positioning sleeve 36, the sealing gasket 37, the lip seal 38, the first end cover 32, and the second end cover 30. After filling the oil, take out the oil filling cup and seal the oil inlet threaded hole on the first bearing seat base body with a flange-edge hexagon socket head cap screw;

[0066] Step 3: Start the torque / speed measuring device according to the specific implementation method according to actual needs;

[0067] Step 4: Start the vibration characteristic measuring device according to the specific implementation method according to actual needs;

[0068] Step 5: Start the driving device according to the specific implementation method according to actual needs;

[0069] Step 6: Start the load device according to the specific implementation method according to actual needs;

[0070] Step 7: After completing the work, stop the load device according to the specific implementation method;

[0071] Step 8: Stop the vibration characteristic measuring device according to the specific implementation method;

[0072] Step 9: Stop the driving device according to the specific implementation method;

[0073] Step 10: Stop the torque / rotation speed measuring device according to the specific implementation method;

[0074] Step 11: The test platform finishes running. Analyze the dynamic characteristics of the aerospace high-speed transmission spline according to the input and output data of each device. Remove the measured internal spline 28 and external spline 25 to complete the test.

Claims

1. An aviation high-speed transmission spline dynamic characteristics test platform, characterized in that: It comprises a mounting base plate (23) and an information processor (9), wherein a driving device, a torque / speed measuring device, a lubricating device, a test generating device, a vibration characteristic measuring device and a load device are arranged on the mounting base plate (23); The driving device comprises a driving motor (1), wherein an output shaft of the driving motor (1) is connected to a torque / rotation speed measuring device; The torque / rotation speed measuring device comprises a torque sensor (4) connected to the output shaft of the drive motor (1), the output end of the torque sensor (4) is fixedly connected to the lubrication device, and the torque sensor (4) is connected to the information processor (9) via a data transfer line; The lubrication device comprises a first bearing seat (31), an upper end of the first bearing seat (31) is provided with an oil inlet threaded hole, a hollow flange shaft (29) connected to the output end of the torque sensor (4) is arranged in the first bearing seat (31), a plurality of oil inlet holes are evenly arranged on the surface of the hollow flange shaft (29), and the hollow flange shaft (29) is used to connect to the internal spline (28); The test generating device comprises a hollow flange short shaft (7), the hollow flange short shaft (7) is used to connect the external spline (25), the internal spline (28) and the external spline (25) are connected through the shaft outer ring, the other end of the hollow flange short shaft (7) is connected to the hollow short shaft (11), the hollow short shaft (11) passes through the second bearing seat (12) and is fixedly connected to the hollow long shaft (14), and the hollow long shaft (14) passes through the third bearing seat (20) and is fixedly connected to the load device; The vibration characteristic measuring device comprises a displacement sensor (27), the displacement sensor (27) is respectively fixedly mounted at the horizontal axis position and the vertical axis position of the spline, the displacement sensor (27) is respectively connected to the preamplifier (8), the preamplifier (8) transmits the signal to the data acquisition card (5), and the end of the data acquisition card (5) is connected to the information processor (9); The load device comprises a hysteresis brake (16) fixedly connected to the hollow long shaft (14), and an air inlet of the hysteresis brake (16) is connected to an air pump (15).

2. The dynamic characteristics test platform for aviation high-speed transmission splines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mounting base plate (23) is provided with two T-shaped grooves parallel to each other, and the driving motor bracket (2), the torque sensor bracket (33), the first bearing seat base, the displacement sensor bracket (26), the second bearing seat base, the third bearing seat base and the hysteresis brake bracket (17) are fixedly mounted on the T-shaped grooves in sequence; The drive motor (1) is fixedly mounted on the mounting base plate (23) via a drive motor bracket (2); the torque sensor (4) is fixedly mounted on the mounting base plate (23) via a torque sensor bracket (33); the first bearing seat (31) is fixedly mounted on the mounting base plate (23) via a first bearing seat base; the displacement sensor (27) is fixedly mounted on the mounting base plate (23) via a displacement sensor bracket (26); the second bearing seat (12) is fixedly mounted on the mounting base plate (23) via a second bearing seat base; the third bearing seat (20) is fixedly mounted on the mounting base plate (23) via a third bearing seat base; and the hysteresis brake (16) is fixedly mounted on the mounting base plate (23) via a hysteresis brake bracket (17).

3. The dynamic characteristics test platform for aviation high-speed transmission splines according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The first bearing seat (31) comprises a first bearing seat base, the upper end of the inner cavity of the first bearing seat base is provided with an oil inlet threaded hole, the inner cavity of the first bearing seat base is fixedly connected to a deep groove ball bearing (34), the inner cavity of the first bearing seat base and one end of the deep groove ball bearing (34) are installed with a first positioning sleeve (35), a lip seal ring (38) is installed in the first positioning sleeve (35), and a sealing gasket (37) and a first end cover (32) are threadedly fixedly connected on the first bearing seat base for packaging; a second positioning sleeve (36) is installed in the inner cavity of the first bearing seat base and the other end of the deep groove ball bearing (34), a lip seal ring (38) is installed in the second positioning sleeve (36), and a sealing gasket (37) and a second end cover (30) are threadedly fixedly connected on the first bearing seat base for packaging; The second bearing seat (12) comprises a second bearing seat base, the inner cavity of the second bearing seat base is fixedly connected to a deep groove ball bearing (34), the inner cavity of the second bearing seat base and the two ends of the deep groove ball bearing (34) are respectively installed with a first positioning sleeve (35), and a lip seal ring (38) is respectively installed in the first positioning sleeve (35), and the two ends of the second bearing seat base are respectively sealed by a sealing gasket (37), a third end cover (24) and a sealing gasket (37), a fourth end cover (22); The third bearing seat (20) comprises a third bearing seat base, the inner cavity of the third bearing seat base is fixedly connected to a deep groove ball bearing (34), the inner cavity of the third bearing seat base and the two ends of the deep groove ball bearing (34) are respectively installed with a first positioning sleeve (35), and a lip sealing ring (38) is respectively installed in the first positioning sleeve (35), and the two ends of the second bearing seat base are respectively sealed by a sealing gasket (37), a fifth end cover (21) and a sealing gasket (37), a sixth end cover (19).

4. The dynamic characteristics test platform for aviation high-speed transmission splines according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The oil inlet threaded hole on the upper part of the first bearing seat base is close to one side of the second positioning sleeve (36). When filling oil, an oil filling cup can be inserted to fill oil. After the oil filling is completed, a hexagonal sealing screw plug is arranged on the oil inlet threaded hole for sealing.

5. The test platform for dynamic characteristics test of aviation high-speed transmission splines according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The second positioning sleeve (36) is located close to one side of the first bearing seat base, and a semi-circular cylinder is fixedly connected to the sleeve.

6. The aviation high-speed transmission spline dynamic characteristics test platform according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The shaft body of the hollow flange shaft (29) passes through the second end cover (30) and its gasket (37), the second positioning sleeve (36), the deep groove ball bearing (34), the first positioning sleeve (35), the gasket (37) of the first end cover (32) and the first end cover (32) in sequence, and is connected to the torque sensor (4); the multiple oil inlets of the hollow flange shaft (29) are located in the inner cavity of the first bearing seat base, and a 2 mm partition is set in the hollow flange shaft (29) on the side close to the torque sensor (4).

7. The dynamic characteristics test platform for aviation high-speed transmission splines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The displacement sensor bracket (26) has three threaded holes on the left and right sides and the top, and the displacement sensor (27) is fixed to the displacement sensor bracket (26) through the threaded holes.

8. The aviation high-speed transmission spline dynamic characteristics test platform according to claim 6, characterized in that: The hollow flange shaft (29) is provided with three evenly distributed oil inlet holes, and a groove is provided on the flange end surface of the hollow flange shaft (29). An O-type sealing ring is installed in the groove for sealing between the hollow flange shaft (29) and the internal spline (28).

9. The aviation high-speed transmission spline dynamic characteristics test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output shaft of the drive motor (1) is connected to the torque sensor (4) via a first diaphragm coupling (3), the torque sensor (4) is connected to the hollow flange shaft (29) via a second diaphragm coupling (6), the hollow flange short shaft (7) is connected to the hollow short shaft (11) via a third diaphragm coupling (10), the hollow short shaft (11) is connected to the hollow long shaft (14) via a fourth diaphragm coupling (13), and the hollow long shaft (14) is connected to the hysteresis brake (16) via a fifth diaphragm coupling (18).

10. The aviation high-speed transmission spline dynamic characteristics test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner spline (28) is a hollow flange structure, the outer spline (25) is a semi-hollow flange structure, the middle part of the spline shaft is a solid shaft, the outer ring of the shaft is provided with a groove, and an O-type sealing ring is installed in the groove for sealing between the inner spline (28) and the outer spline (25).

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